Wireless Pers Commun DOI 10.1007/s11277-015-2488-x
5G Revolution Through WISDOM Ramjee Prasad
Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract This paper proposes and introduces a novel concept WISDOM, representing Wireless Innovative System for Dynamically Operating Mega Communications. The objective of this concept is to let the people seamlessly bridge the virtual and physical worlds by offering the same level of all senses, rich communication experience over fixed and wireless networks. Responding to the needs of connected society of 2020 and beyond, WISDOM shall offer ubiquitous terabit wireless connectivity that will enable human centric mega communications applications over the dynamic, interoperable and secure network of the future. The relation between fifth generation and WISDOM is presented in this paper. Keywords WISDOM 5G Human centric mega communications Next generation networking
1 Introduction It is well known that it has been not a year since 4G has come to us; researchers are focusing on 5G which will bring a revolution in wireless technology. In recent years, world has witnessed an exponential increase in wireless access bandwidth that is commercial to the end user. It has been envisioned that need or high throughput will continue to increase in the future wireless networks, fired by rising needs of mass market in the fields of the bandwidth demanding applications such as entertainment, multimedia, Intelligent Transport System (ITS), telemedicine, emergency, and safety/security applications. Another major driver for increased demands in wireless capacity is the growth in capabilities of consumer devices. Existing wireless technologies (3G ? cellular, WiMax IEEE 802.16e,
R. Prasad (&) Center for TeleInFrastruktur, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark e-mail:
[email protected]
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WiFi, WiMedia) as well as the corresponding emerging next generation networks (LTE/ LTE-advanced, IEEE 802.16m, IEEE 802.11n, etc.) in the WWAN, WLAN and WPAN scales are not expected to meet such demanding needs for data rates. In that context, to the best of author’s knowledge, the first initiative had come from [1] which has proposed a new concept called WISDOM as a step towards 5G. The WISDOM principle brings unlimited wireless world interconnection, convergence, and cooperation (geographically including cities, countries, continents, and finally, the whole world), together with a large variety of multimedia services at very high data rates, and becomes the main 5G definition point [2, 3]. WISDOM aims for up to 1 T bit/s (1 terabit per second = 1012 bits/s) wireless link rates in short-distance burst-mode or for up to 1Tbit/s of system aggregated traffic with sustainable symmetric link rates of larger than 250 Mbps to mobile terminals at high speed. These demands are needed to meet the mega communication demands of futuristic applications such as immersive and tele-presence applications thus enabling human-centric communications in 2020 and beyond [4]. Table 1 shows the history of 5G and development:
2 WISDOM WISDOM is developed to enable the growth of an interconnected society and to enable capitalizing on Future Internet innovations. WISDOM aims to design and develop novel technologies, systems and networks that shall globally integrate, inter-connect, and communicate into a flexible and dynamically operating architecture. WISDOM offers the vision of future communication networks that would make the pillar for enabling smart tele-infrastructures, where services and applications of data rate more than Tbps can be provided. The WISDOM network is key for supporting the high data requirement needed. The WISDOM system requires the following [1]: • Mechanisms for enabling the transmission at Tbps rates • Mechanisms for enabling mega communications The development and evolution of WISDOM offers a basic formula: E * MC5 which is shown in the Fig. 1 below: WISDOM combines personal—and cognitive radio—networks towards robust and efficient future networks to offer a new communication concept where data rates are in the Tera (1 Terabit/s = 1012 bits/s) range with a coverage extending from a city region, to a country, the continents, and the world. It enables to capitalize on major innovations Table 1 History of 5G initiatives Year
5G Initiative
Entity
Country
2008 February
5G through WISDOM [1]
Center for TeleInFrastruktur, Aalborg University
Denmark
2008 November
5G systems based on Beam Division Multiple Access [5]
South Korea IT R&D department
South Korea
2012 May
First 5G System [5]
Samsung Electronics
South Korea
2012 October
5G Research Center [5]
University of Surrey
UK
2013 November
Research on 5G systems [5]
Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd
China
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Fig. 1 WISDOM paradigm [1]
towards the future smart infrastructure by integrating under one interoperable umbrella leading technologies, such as advanced machine to machine communication technologies, autonomic networking technologies, data mining and decision-making technologies, security and privacy protection technologies, cloud computing technologies, with advanced sensing and actuating technologies. WISDOM adopts the thesis that the digital evolution and successful businesses can be made finally viable, only if the complexity of the rapidly costs against the rapidly declining real payments is balanced against the backdrop of a complex technological uptake that will leave certain players obsolete [6].
3 WISDOM Targets The WISDOM targets are briefed in this section across number of domain categories [1, 2]. A.
For Short-Range Communications • WISDOM enables Indoor/Outdoor Human-Centric Communications (Portability/ Nomadicity). The WISDOM communication interfaces are up to—Tbps link rate in a burst mode (59–109 improvement over the current service oriented architecture (SoA) at the link layer). • WISDOM has an integration of ubiquitous, personalized network access at very high data rates approaching the Ethernet current state-of-the-art (10 Gbps)—a 109 improvement compared with current wireless personal area networks (WPANs).
B.
For Outdoor Cellular (Full Mobility) • WISDOM has a target to improve more than 250 Mbps data rates for outdoor mobile users—a 1009 improvement. • WISDOM provides rapid growing and useful range of services and is continuing to revolutionize in range of services and multitude security of private and corporate data. • WISDOM provides intersection of standards and developments of communication, information and technology. • WISDOM intensification depends on community-based outline for next generation networks capable of deployment in protocols and innovations.
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C.
For End-to-End System • WISDOM will provide high-speed infrastructure support. • WISDOM allows for progression from communication and information theory through the evaluation and performance improvement in high speed interfaces of the WISDOM Access Networks to the Metro & Core network of the future. • WISDOM relies on heterogeneous multi-link aggregation, as a method that allows for multiple links, which simultaneously connect two nodes to be treated as a single logical link and to balance the traffic load across all available links. • WISDOM proposes an interconnection architecture for heterogeneous networks that integrates a wide range of wireless, wired and optical subnets into an efficient, scalable and robust inter-network that will comprise the Internet of the Future • WISDOM instigates peer review to utilize a full potential and processes in advancement of networking infrastructure, and this infrastructure encompasses smart cities.
The technological innovations are increasing as an answer to the demands and real time requirements from the end user. Super-fast data rates are a way to satisfy those. WISDOM offers the high data rate to wide variety of applications. The different applications of the WISDOM network includes, home and office network, medical and health care, IT services, entertainment- movies high-speed data transfer, educational systems, rescue vehicular communications, meteorology, security, aviation, global communication, smart town, virtual reality, intelligent transportation systems, and so forth. All these diverse applications of WISDOM are the operating functionality and basis for the Global Information Multimedia Communication Village (GIMCV). Figure 2 shows the Global information village that consists of national and international zones which are divided into Macro cells (Suburban, Regional and National network). Macro cells comprises many micro cells (city centers and highway networks), it further contains small pico-cells (inhouse network) where there are many small personal area networks (PAN). It gives scope of WISDOM application which varies from person in home to globe from where they belong. It is the way of groupings the devices in close vicinity of user [1].
Fig. 2 WISDOM in GIMCV applications [1]
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4 WISDOM Design Approach WISDOM follows the top-down design approach [2] with three founding pillars as shown in Fig. 3 such as: • Information theoretic performance/capacity estimation It consists of different types of network paradigms to address how its capacity can be estimated theoretically. These network paradigms are self-organizing/self-healing. • End-to-end performance optimization Protocol of WISDOM is based on end-to-end performance optimization rather than on the classical layered design. • Cognitive networking principles Self-organizing networks based on cognitive networking principle are essential for managing the complexity induced by a variety of possible usage scenarios on the one side and to minimum spectrum and energy requirements on the other side.
5 5G and WISDOM WISDOM is the evolution towards a new communication connectivity era, which will offer the frequencies up to Tera Hertz and data rate up to Tera bps. The fastest communication and ubiquitous connectivity is the foremost priority of the present era with the need of quick data transfer, distance business correspondence by sharing data and use of single IP for worldwide connectivity using hand held mobile. To make it happen, the 5G network is assumed as the perfection level in mobile technology, which provides real life mobility. Development of effective 5G standardization that would ensure the dynamic and high level user satisfaction under emerging and diverse usage scenarios anticipated in various world regions is therefore necessitated [8]. The new 5G network is expected to improve the services and applications offered by GIMCV as shown in Fig. 2. In this regard WISDOM is expected to advance the state-ofthe-art in the architecture of next generation of wireless networks and cognitive technologies for higher data rates up to 1 Tbps. It enables the wireless infrastructures for the human-centric communication in 2020 and beyond i.e. 4G ? WISDOM = 5G [7, 9]. The
Fig. 3 Pillars of WISDOM [1]
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Fig. 4 A step towards 5G [7, 9]
4G and WISDOM concept will lead the wireless communication towards the realization of true 5G systems
6 Conclusions WISDOM is a dynamic entity for human centric systems offering GIMCV. It will transform the analogue and digital evolutions for the real and virtual imaginations of personalization. It provides an order of magnitude for personalized cognitive communication network architectures including educational, office, community, emergency and commercial use. It will design and develop technologies, systems and network architectures that will enable ubiquitous 1 Tb/s wireless connectivity and communication with coverage extending from C3W as shown in Fig. 4 through C5 (C3 stands for City, country, continent and World; C5 represents Communication, Connectivity, Convergence, Content, and Cooperation). The emerging 4G technologies and WISDOM concept will lead the wireless communication towards the realization of true 5G systems. It will develop novel cross layer and cross network domain for the human centric mega communication applications over the future communication infrastructure [9].
References 1. Prasad, R. (2008, February). Keynote speech—Wireless Innovative System Dynamic Megacommunications (WISDOM). In IEEE CogART’08: first IEEE international workshop on cognitive radio and advanced spectrum. http://www.wikicfp.com/cfp/servlet/event.showcfp?eventid=2104©ownerid= 538 2. Badoi, C.-I., Prasad, N., Croitoru, V., & Prasad, R. (2011). 5G based on cognitive radio. Wireless Personal Communications, 57(3), 441–464. 3. Prasad, R. (2012). Future networks and technologies supporting innovative communications. In Network infrastructure and digital content (IC-NIDC), 2012 3rd IEEE international conference on, Beijing (pp. 4–6). 4. Prasad, R., Pruthi, P., & Ramareddy, K. (2009). The top 10 list for terabit speed wireless personal services. Wireless Personal Communication, 49(3), 299–309. 5. 5th generation mobile networks, Wikipedia [online]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G Accessed November 25, 2014. 6. Prasad, R., & Levez, F. J. (2010). WiMax networks: Techno economic vision and challenges. Netherlands: Springer. 7. Prasad, R. (2009). Convergence: A step towards unpredictable future. In Wireless technology conference, 2009. EuWIT. European, Rome (pp. 187–191). 8. Prasad, R. & Mihovska, A. (2013, December). Challenges to 5G standardization [online]. https://itunews. itu.int/En/4619-Challenges-to-5G-standardization.note.aspx
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5G Revolution Through WISDOM 9. Prasad, R. (2012, December). In 11th GISFI standardization series meeting: Introducing 5G standardization, Bangalore, India [online]. http://www.gisfi.org/pdf/GISFI%20SSM_17_12_5G_prasad.pdf. Accessed November 29, 2014. Ramjee Prasad is currently the Director of the Center for TeleInFrastruktur (CTIF) at Aalborg University, Denmark and Professor, Wireless Information Multimedia Communication Chair. Ramjee Prasad is the Founder Chairman of the Global ICT Standardisation Forum for India (GISFI: www.gisfi.org) established in 2009. GISFI has the purpose of increasing of the collaboration between European, Indian, Japanese, North-American and other worldwide standardization activities in the area of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and related application areas. He was the Founder Chairman of the HERMES Partnership—a network of leading independent European research centres established in 1997, of which he is now the Honorary Chair. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), USA, the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineers (IETE), India, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), UK, Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) and a member of the Netherlands Electronics and Radio Society (NERG), and the Danish Engineering Society (IDA). He is also a Knight (‘‘Ridder’’) of the Order of Dannebrog (2010), a distinguished award by the Queen of Denmark. He has received several international award, the latest being 2014 IEEE AESS Outstanding Organizational Leadership Award for: ‘‘Organizational Leadership in developing and globalizing the CTIF (Center for TeleInFrastruktur) Research Network’’. He is the founding editor-in-chief of the Springer International Journal on Wireless Personal Communications. He is a member of the editorial board of other renowned international journals including those of River Publishers. Ramjee Prasad is a member of the Steering committees of many renowned annual international conferences, e.g., Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications Symposium (WPMC); Wireless VITAE and Global Wireless Summit (GWS). He has published more than 30 books, 900 plus journals and conferences publications, more than 15 patents, a sizeable amount of graduated PhD students (over 90) and an even larger number of graduated M.Sc. students (over 200). Several of his students are today worldwide telecommunication leaders themselves.
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