Bulletin Geodesique

Bulletin Geodesique (1992) 66 :306-324

Springer-Verlag 1992

IAG Newsletter Pascal Willis IAG Central Bureau, 2, Avenue Pasteur, BP 68, 94160 Saint-Mande, France

This part of the Bulletin Geodesique is under the editorial responsibility of the IAG Central Bureau chaired by the IAG General Secretary .

Informations In Memoriam

It will include, in each issue, several topics M .S . Molodensky (1909 .1991) Informations . Reports of IAG symposia . Symposia announcements . Book reviews . Fast bibliography . It is the intent of the IAG to extend the services provided by its Central Bureau . An up-to-date information medium is one of the key elements . The IAG Newsletter, included as appendix of the Bulletin Geodesique, should play this role, and therefore considered as an open forum . Contributors are welcomed to send any information or document which may be of interest for this purpose . This should complement the informations already sent by the IAG officials or the IAG symposia organizers (reports and anouncements) . Books to be reviewed are under the responsability of Prof. Gunther W . HEIN Institude of Astronomical and Physical Geodesy University FAF Munich Werner - Heisenberg - Weg 39 W - 8014 Newbiberg - FRG

The outstanding geodesist and geophysicist Mikhail Sergeevich Molodensky left us on November 12th 1991 at the age of 83 years . M .S . Molodensky is well known to geodesists all over the world as a scientist who brought about a revolutionary change in the theory of the determination of the figure of the Earth and its external gravitational field on the basis of gravimetrical, astronomical and geodetic measurements performed on the Earth's surface . He thus posed and solved a problem which is more general than the problem of Stokes . The problem of Molodensky is solved by a formula which reduces to Stokes' solution as a zeroth approximation .

307 M .S . Molodensky was born on June 15th, 1909 in the village of Epiphan in the province of Tula which is located in the center of Russia . He came from the family of a priest . He finished his studies at the department of mechanics and mathematics of the Moscow State University in 1931, specializing in astronomy . In 1932, he was invited by the well-known geodesist Prof. F.N . Krasovsky to join the staff of the Central Research Institute of Geodesy, Acrophotogrammetry and Cartography (TsNIIGAiK), where he worked until 1960 . It was at this institute where he performed the research which served as the basis of the modern development of physical geodesy . His first publication on this topic appeared as the monograph "Basic problems of geodetic gravimetry" (Proceedings of TsNIIGAiK, N° 42, 1945), after having been prepared during the terrible years of the Second World War ; it was received with enthusiasm by the Soviet scientific community . This monograph was brilliantly defended as Molodensky's doctoral dissertation and awarded the State Prize of USSR in the field of science . M .S . Molodensky became a Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences . The subsequent scientific work of Molodcnsky in the field of physical geodesy, which was a continuation and development of his earlier research and included as a naturally arising and essential part the foundations of spatial (three-dimensional) geodesy, as well as his 1945 monograph, was collected and generalized by himself and his associates V .F . Yeremeev and M .I . Yurkina in the book "Methods of Studying the External Gravitational Field and the Figure of the Earth" (Proceedings of TsNIIGAiK, N° 131, 1960) . This book was soon translated into English . It became one of the fundamental and most influential monographs in geodetic science in the 20th century . In his work at TsNIIGAiK, Molodensky also dealt with more practical problems of geodesy . He is the inventor of an originally conceived static gravimeter, which found wide application in USSR in the determination of the quasigcoid by means of astrogravimetric levelling (this method is also due to Molodensky) and in geophysical prospecting . He was one of the initiators and scientific supervisors of the general grivimetric survey of USSR, and worked in this capacity as advisor also outside USSR . He was the director of a laboratory in which he initiated work which has been continuing to the present day : the determination of fundamental geodetic constants and planetary gravitational field models as well as a detailed investigation of the figure of the Earth on the territory of USSR . All this involved the use of all available geodetic data, and Molodensky's theory found its first realization in practice .

O .Yu . Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth) of the Academy . Here, Molodensky devoted particular attention to the investigation of the Earth tides and Earth nutations and to the use of the obtained results for the study of the Earth's internal structure . Already in 1953 he published his fundamental and well-known paper "Elastic tides, free nutation and some problems of the Earth's internal structure" (Proceedings of the Geophysical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of USSR, N° 19146) . He created a very complete and sophisticated theory of the Earth's rotation, which served as a basis for a considerable number of later investigations and which showed, independently of seismic results, that the Earth's core is liquid . The work of M .S . Molodensky, both in this field and in geodesy, received in 1963 the highest recognition for scientific work in USSR : the Lenin Prize . In the subsequent years, Molodensky continued his research on the physics of the Earth . The result of his work of many years was the monograph "General Theory of Elastic Oscillations of the Earth" (1989) . It presents a theory which takes into account even the Coriolis Force and which permits the use of the highly accurate data provided by contemporary geodetic measurement techniques . It also contains an original method of determining the internal structure of the Earth from the observed frequencies of its free oscillations . It should be pointed out that M .S . Molodensky never separated his work on Earth structure from his geodetic investigations. Already in 1945, he formulated in a programmatic paper his ideas of the role of geophysics and geology in the study of figure of the Earth . In one of his papers published in 1958, he pointed out three fundamental branches of geodesy, in analogy to theoretical mechanics : a statical, a kinematical, and a dynamical branch . He understood the third branch as the study of the forces which cause the observable changes of the Earth's figure and gravitational field . In his last two articles, published in 1988 and 1989, he considered the problem of determining the dependence of the Earth's gravitational field on changes of its rotational velocity, obtaining a generalization of Clairaut's differential equation . In this way, he gave examples of the problems which, according to his words, geodesists will face if they proceed to a geophysical explanation of their results . The name of M .S . Molodensky has been inscribed with indelible letters in the history of geodesy and geophysics as that of a brillant and extremely influential scientist and of the author of fundamental investigations which take a place of honor in the enduring substance of these sciences . L .P. Pellinen, Moscow

After his election as Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, he started to work simultaneously also in the Geophysical Institute (now

30 8 In Memoriam CZ . Kamela (1910-1992) Professor Cz . Kamela was born on July 24, 1910 in the small village of Krasnik in the Eastern part of Poland, where he graduated in a secondary school specializing in humanities . He studied surveying at the Faculty of Civil Geodesy of the Lvov Technical University . In 1936, he graduated as a Diplom Engineer . In the year 1933-1939, he conducted surveying in the southern part of Poland . In September 1939 he took part in the battle with Germany as a soldier and afterwards he was at the internal camp for soldiers in Switzerland . The Technical University for the interned Soldiers was organized in Switzerland, in Winterthur under the supervision of the Federal Technical University in Zurich . Cz . Kamela was a lecturer of surveying and mathematics at this University . In cooperation with Professors F .C . Baeschlin (geodesy), F . Gassmann (geophysics) and M . Zeler (photogrametry) and under supervision of Professor F .C . Baeschlin, Cz . Kamela prepared his doctor dissertation on triangulation . In 1945 he received the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences at the Federal Technical University in Zurich . In 1947, Cz . Kamela returned to Poland and begun his work at the Geodesy Department of the Warsaw University of Technology which was chaired by Prof . E . Warchalowski . He was habilitated as docent at the Warsaw University of Technology on the basis of the dissertation on "The Determination of a gcoid from gravimetric measurements . This work was initiated in cooperation with Prof. F .C . Baeschlin in Zurich . In 1966, he was appointed full professor at the Warsaw University of Technology . In the years 1956-1977, he was the chairman of the Chair of Higher Geodesy and dean of the Faculty of Geodesy at this University for two terms . He was also a secretary of the Senat of the Warsaw University of Technology . In 1975 he received the honorary doctorate of the Agriculture - Technical Academy in Olsztyn, Poland - He was one of the founder of the Geodesy Institute at this school . In 1980, Prof . Cz . Kamela retired and in this year he begun to work at the Institute of Geodesy and Meteorology of the Military Technical University in Warsaw .

geodesy . He was also reviewer of many doctor and habilitation dissertation, publications, projects etc . A few of his students became professors of geodesy in Poland. He was corresponding member of the German Geodetic Commission of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich (Germany) . Since 1977, he was the chairman of the Polish Committee for the IUGG for many years . For 30 years, he was member of the Polish Geodetic Committee of the Polish Academy of sicences and for more than 10 years its vice-president for two terms and for more than 10 years its secretary . He was also member of the Polish Geophysical Society and its vice-president for several terms . The Association of Polish Geodesists granted him its honorary membership for his active work in this Association for many years . He was recognized specialist in levelling, triangulation and gravimetric nets, as well as in dynamic geodesy and especially in geoid determination from gravimetric measurements with all his papers devoted to these subjects, Prof . Cz . Kamela was the author of several academic textbooks on Surveying (1945), Higher Geodesy (1951-1952), Dynamical Geodesy (1954-1956) and its english translation (19641965), Geodesy (1985), Levelling (in press under his editing) . All these books were pioneer books in Poland and were very inspiring not only for students but also for all polish geodesists . He was one of the last universal polish geodesist and also a very good specialist in the history of polish geodesy . He was outstanding man and scientist . He will be gratefully remembered by geodetic and not only geodetic community . Barbara Kolaczek

In Memoriam Leonard

Pavlovich Pellinen (1922-1992)

Very shortly before reaching his 70th birthday, the great Russian geodesist L .P . Pellinen died on April 7, 1992, having suffered from a grave progressive illness .

In 1990, he celebrated at this University his 80 years anniversary, 60 years of his professional activity, and 50 years of his scientific and didactic work . He died in January 6, 1992 .

He was born on April 23, 1922 in Leningrad . In 1934, his family moved to Moscow . After finishing secondary school in 1939, he went to study in the Moscow Institute of Engineering Geodesy, Aerophotogrammetry and Cartography (MIIGAiK), the famous special college for geodesy and surveying of university level . He finished his studies there in 1944 summa cum laude.

Professor Cz . Kamela was a supervisor of about 30 doctor and habilitation dissertations and the esteemed outstanding and inspriring lecturer . He gave lectures on High geodesy, Theory of potential and Dynamical

From October 1941 on he had participated in the battle defending Moscow ; but after having been wounded in 1942, he returned to his studies at MIIGAiK .

3 09 In 1946, he joint TSNIIGAiK, the government Central Research Institute of Geodesy Air Survey and Cartography . There he finished his work as an aspirant by defending his Candidate's thesis in 1950 . In 1964, he defended his doctor's dissertation on studies on the determination of the figure of the Earth and its external gravity field . During many years, he was the chief of the gravimelric laboratory and of the department of theoretical geodesy of TSNIIGAiK . His list of scientific publications comprises more than 150 titles, among them the book "Higher Geodesy" . For a long time, he also gave lectures at MIIGAiK on space geodesy and theoretical geodesy . L .P. Pellinen's work was recognized by his nomination as "Distinguished Reseach Worker in Science and Technology of the Russian Republic" and by several decorations and medals, as well as by conferring upon him the Krassovsky Prize (F .N . Krassovsky was an eminent Russian geodesist) . He also served in leading positions within the International Association of Geodesy (e .g . President of Section IV) .

give up ; Pellinen's proof was an absolute stroke of genius . L .P . Pellinen was also a person of the highest human qualities : his modesty and, if I may say so, his gentle shyness came from a heart of noble feelings, warm friendship and unselfish cooperation . Also his colleagues from the International Association of Geodesy will never forget him . H. Moritz

Current IAG Organizations .

Representatives

to

other

Boulder preparation : J .O. Dickey Cartographic Office of the United Nations : K . Poder (as President of Commission X) CODATA : C .C . Tscherning COSPAR Working Group (IAU - IAG) on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements of the Planets and Satellites : M . Bursa FAGS : 0 .11 . Andersen IAG Committee for Developping Country : M . Louis

L .P . Pellinen was recognized as one of the greatest geodetists not only of Russia but of the whole world . For more than 45 years, he had worked in TSNIIGAiK . His contributions to geodesy are of the very highest rank . His scientific interests covered practically all fields of contemporary higher geodesy, and in each of these fields, he made important contributions . His favorite research topic was the study of the figure of the Earth and its external gravity field . Here, Pellinen obtained results of fundamental importance, which found their way into books and monographs, both in Russia and abroad . L .P . Pellinen belonged to the famous school of Russian geodesy, featuring names such as F .N . Krassovsky, M .S . Molodensky and A,A . Isotov . His memory will find a lasting place in the hearts of this students, his colleagues and his friends . So far I have more or less freely translated material furnished to me by Russian colleagues . May I be permitted to finish with a few personal remarks . L .P . Pellinen worked and thought along very similar lines as I did, and at several occasions we found the same results independently and almost simultaneously . As a matter of fact, I had learned much by studying his first works some 30 years ago . At one time, he very definitely beat me : by proving the equivalence of the Molodensky series with a series solution of the geodetic boundary-value problem obtained by analytical continuation . I had tried very hard, but I finally had to

IAPSO Committee on Sea level and tide : C . Boucher IAU Working Group on Astronomical Standards D . Mc Carthy IERS : K . Yokoyama IGS : I . Mueller Inter-Union Commission on the Lithosphere (ICL) P Wilson IUGG Committee on Geochemistry : H .-G . Kahle IUSM : 1.1. Mueller, W . Torge PAIGH : W . Torge Task Force for "Vulnerability of Megacities" in IDNDR Committee : S . Okubo

Electronic Bulletin to TAG Section III . The edition of an electronic bulletin for JAG Section III (gravity field determination) has been started at August 2, 1992 . It is edited by Hans-Georg Wenzel, current President of IAG Section III . This bulletin is premanently stored on a computed at Geodactisches

310 Institut, Universitaet Karlsruhe, and can be accessed via INTERNET using FTP with : computer addree : 129.13.100.201 user : ftp password : no password directory : pub Please not that this directory can only be accessed by FTP from public domain users, but not TELNET. If you have any proposal for this bulletin, please send a note to : Prof. Dr: Hans-Georg Wenzel Geodaetisches Institut Universitact Karlsruhe Englerstr. 7 D-7500 Kadsruhe 1 GERMANY Tel: 49-721-6082307 Fax: 49-721-694552 e-maiI:WENZEL@ GI K.BAU-VERM.UNIKARLSRUHE.DE

New European Satellite -

Journal Based

: Journal for Positioning,

Navigation and Communication. In addition to telecommunication and earth observation via satellite, a further new commercial application field for the space industry has emerged. We are talking about satellite-aided positioning calculation as a basis for navigation, surveying and for traffic monitoring. The aim of the publishers of SPN is to provide a european journal which deals with this fast-growing application field of the space industry and to inform the interested reader via field-oriented contributions, readable and easy-to-understand general articles, convention reports, market summaries, up-dates on current system releases and product descriptions. SPN's target group is interdisciplinary and aims at present and future users of global positioning systems, at equipment developers, at scientists and at the interested public. SPN is intended to provide a forum for research, development, pilot projects and product introduction, to assist the exchange Of information and know-how between diverse fields as well as to prepare the market for potential users. SPN has an international publishing advisory committee, the members of which will take part in the user-oriented development of the journal and will aid in the selection of the themes to be focused on. SPN is published quaterly.

Additional information can be obtained at National Geophysical Data Center Information : SPN Wichmann Verlag Postfach 4320 W-7500 Karlsruhe 1 Germany

New Gravity C D - R O M . The National Geophysical Data Center is pleased to announce the prototype release of a new Gravity CD-ROM contianing information on: gravity stations, national and international gravity networks, gravity anomaly grids, and regional surveys for areas such as Alaska, California, Oregon, New Mexico, Wisconsin, Antartica, Argentina/Bolivia/Chile, and Egypt. The data are available at a cost of $ 277.00. For additional information, please contact : National Geophysical Data Center 325 Broadway E/GC4, Dept. 883 Boulder, CO 80303, USA Phone: (1)-(303)-497-6120 Fax: (1)-(303)-497-6513 Interact: in [email protected] Telex: 592811 NOAA MASC BDR

Reports of lAG Symposia "First I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e on Geodetic Aspects of the L a w of the Sea" organized by IAG Subcommission GALOS. The Conference, first of its kind, organized for the GALOS by Sjamsir Mira, took place from June 8 to June 11 in Bali, Indonesia. It was sponsored by International Association of Geodesy (IAG), International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), F6d6ration Internationale des G6om~tres (FIG), Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Indonesian National Coordinating Agency for Surveying and Mapping (BAKOSURTANAL) and Indonesian Association of Surveyors (ISI). The meeting attracted 75 participants from 4 continents and 24 technical papers. These were presented in 5 successive sessions : 1. The Law of the Sea; 2. Maritime Boundaries and Offshore Limits; 3. Archipelagic States; 4. Horizontal and Vertical Datums; 5. Impact of New Technology;

31 1 chaired respectively by M. Kumar, J .A . Weightman, G . Carrera, P . Vanicek and J . Rais . The Conference was particularly successful in three respects : it brought together people from very different professional walks of life, from geodesists to lawyers, from hydrographers to geophysicists . Secondly, it generated considerable local interest since Indonesia is more immediately affected by many provisions of the Law of the Sea than most countries ; there was an extensive Indonesian media coverage of the meeting . Thirdly, the Local Organizing Committee had done a superb job of staging the conference in the beautiful setting of the famous Bali Beach Hotel . The Indonesian National Election on June 9, and to a lesser extent the Pilgrimage Day (Haji), on June 11, interfered with the undertaking . The necessity to cancel the planned scientific excursion to Indonesian hydrographic ship BARUNA JAYA II, designated, among other tasks, to survey coastal base points in Indonesia, produced some disappointment . The gathering adopted 3 resolutions addressed to the sponsoring international organizations . Proceedings of the conference will be published before the end of 1992 and can be ordered from Prof. Sjamsir Mira, Institut Teknologi, Bandung, JI . Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Telefax : 0062-22-431-792 Phone : 0062-22-440-245/784 Telex : 28324 ITB BD for an approximate price of USD 25 .00 .

GALOS Resolutions 1 . The first international Conference on Geodetic Aspects of the Law of the Sea, meeting in Bali, Indonesia in June 1992, NOTING : the need of close cooperation between geodesists, hydrographers, oceanographers and lawyers to implement the provisions of the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea, URGES : the International Association of Geodesy to pursue and foster active cooperation between these groups, in association with the International Hydrographic Bureau .

2 . To have all local datum positions transformed to the global datum as soon as possible for future implementation of relevant UNCLOS III articles . 3 . The Conference, NOTING : The importance of consistency in defining sea coast positions for boundary purposes, URGES : The International Association of Geodesy. 1 . To pursue with other interested organizations the possibility of advocating a global vertical datum for implementing UNCLOS III requirements for a low waterline . 2 . To investigate a suitable definition of such a datum . 4 . The Conference expresses its warm appreciation to His Excellency The Governor of Bali, to Professor Sjamsir Mira, and to the Organizing Committee and staff for the efficient arrangements and generous hospitality afforded to this the First International Conference on Geodetic Aspects of the Law of the Sea .

Symposia announcements Geodesy and Physics of the Earth. 7th International Symposium IAG-Symposium n° 112 . Postdam, Germany, October 5 - 10, 1992 . Second circular Symposium Themes Topics are related to the impact of increasingly precise geodetic space-time measurements on modelling the kinematics and dynamics of the Earth, namely -

Present day tectonic motions Gravity field and its variations Earth rotation characteristics International programs for geodesy and gcodynam ics

2 . The Conference, Recommends to the International Association of Geodesy, the International Hydrographic Bureau and other appropriate international institutions, that measures should be taken 1 . To adopt the IAG Geocentric Reference System (GRS 80) as embodied in World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) as the Global Horizontal Reference Datum for all legal purposes in offshore positioning .

Review, invited and presented papers are planned, the latter by oral or poster presentation . Facilities for splinter meetings will be available . Registration Fees For participants : appr . 250,-DM/person For accompanying persons : appr . 100,-DM/Person Deadlines For abstracts and registration forms

April 15, 1992

312 For information about the acceptance For camera ready manuscripts

May 30, 1992 Oct . 10, 1992

For further information, please contact The Organizing Committee "Geodesy and Physics of the Earth" GeoForschungsZentrum Postdam Telegrafenberg A 17 D-O-1561 POSTDAM GERMANY Tel : (0333) 3100 Telex : 361148 strd Fax : (03733) 22824

Conferencia Internacional Cartografia - Geodesia . Maracaibo, Venezuela, Nov. 24 - Dic. 3, 1992 . Second circular on occasion of 5 111 Centenario de Las Americas : 1492-1992 . Direcciones Organizing Committee-International Conference MARNR Scrvicio Autonomo de Geografica y Cartografia Av . Estc 6 - C .S .B . Esq . Camejo . Edif. Camejo Caracas 1010 - Venezuela Telex : 21017 CARTO VE Fax : 58-2-545-0607

International Association of Geodesy, General Meeting . Beijing, China, 6 - 13 August, 1993 . First Circular Scientific Program . Development and Progress in Techniques and Applications of GPS, SLR and VLBI . Development and Progress in the Determination of Gravity Field and Geoid . Development and Progress in the Techniques and Theory of Earth Rotation and Reference System . Development and Progress in Precise Survey and Marine Geodesy . Tentative Calendar Thursday 5 August 1993 Registration Friday 6 August 1993 Registration Meetings for Commissions Special Commissions Special Study Groups Saturday 7 August 1993

Registration Meetings for Commissions Special Commissions Special Study Groups Monday 9 August 1993 Registration Opening Ceremony Symposia Exhibition Reception Tuesday 10 August 1993 Symposia Exhibition Wednesday 11 August 1993 Symposia Exhibition Recreational Activities Thursday 12 August 1993 Symposia Exhibition Friday 13 August 1993 Symposia Closing Session Saturday 14 August 1993 City Tours

Local Organizing Committee Chairman : Chen Junyong Vice Chairman : Zhang Xiaorong, Bai Bo Chinese Society for Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Baiwanzhuang, Beijing 100830, China Phone : 86 1 8322012 Telex : 85 222743 NBSM CN Fax : 86 1 8311564

First International Symposium on Mathematical and Physical Foundations of Geodesy. Stuttgart (Germany), September 7-9, 1993 . On the occasion of the General Assembly of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG/Vienna/ Austria 1991, the Special Commission (SC), on "Mathematical and Physical Foundations for Geodesy" within IAG-Section IV was founded . The objectives of the SC are to encourage and promote research on the foundation of geodesy in any way possible as well as to actively promote interaction with other sciences . The SC is divided in five subcommissions, namely (i) Statistics, (ii) Numerical and Approximation Methods, (iii) Boudary value problems, (iv) Differential Geometry and (v) Theory of Orbits and dynamics of Systems . Following the topics of the subcommissions, the 1st International Symposium on "Mathematical and Physical Foundations of Geodesy" at Stuttgart

313 University/Germany will be held on 7-9 September 1993 . Further information can be obtained from the Commission chairman Prof. Dr. E .W . Grafarend Department of Geodetic Science Stuttgart University Keplerst . 11 D-W-7000 Stuttgart I Tel. : (49)-711-121-3390 Fax : (49)-711-121-3297 E -mail : GRAFAREND@RUS .UNI-STUTTGART.D E

The Eighth International Symposium on Crustal Recent Movements (CRCM'93) . Kobe, Japan, December 6-11, 1993 .

Co-Convenors Petr Vanicek : University of New Brunswick, Canada Teruyuki Kato : University of Tokyo, Japan Registration Fees JYE20,000 - 25,000 (US$-JYE125, as of January 10, 1992) . Deadline of Abstracts : August 31, 1993 . Address for Additional Information Prof. Torao TANAKA Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Tel : 81-774-33-4720 Fax : 81-774-32-4115 or 81-774-33-0726 Telex : 5453638 UCLKUJ e-mail : A50612%JPNKUDPC .BITNE T @ j pnkyoto.kyoto-u .ac .jp

First Circular Objectives The recognition of both plate tectonic theory in 1960's-1970's and ensuring development of space technology in 1970's-1980's has opened a new era in the study of crustal deformation . During the next decade, geodesists, geophysicists and geologists will have the further opportunity to review and integrate the data and hypotheses resulting from the application of space-based geodetic techniques . The likely result of this effort will be a thoroughly new view of the dynamics of crustal and upper mantle deformation processes. The Symposium will highlight the following recent research topics and allow participants with an idea occasion to discuss these topics on an interdisciplinary basis ; Crustal movements around converging plate boundaries, Interplate and global-scale crustal movements and their gcodynamic and tectonic backgrounds, Application of space techniques and other advanced technologies to observations, Prediction of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, Modeling of crustal movements by advanced numerical calculation techniques, Causality between plate driving forces and crustal movements, Loading crustal deformations due to global sea level rise to be caused by global environmental changes, etc . Chief' Convenor Torao Tanaka : Kyoto University, Japan

Book review Burnside, C .D . : Electromagnetic Distance Measurement, 3rd edition, Oxford BSP Professional Books, 278 pp ., London etc . 1991, £ 17 .95, ISBN 0-632-03122-0 . A textbook being edited a third time is supposed to be a good book because it proves to be accepted by the professional community . In fact, since its first edition in 1971 Burnside's book has always had its place amongst the relevant literature . The third edition certainly continues this success . By contrast with other textbooks on the same subject, this textbook covers some domains of electromagnetic distance measurements which are beyond the usual short or medium range measurements provided by electro-optical means and being applied by most of the surveying engineers . The book focuses on the primary physical, electronic and electrical fundamentals more than other books, and gives an overview about the full spectrum of electromagnetic distance measurements rather than a very detailed and deep insight into the practical problems of everyday applications . The following brief summary of the table of contents makes this clear . There are four chapters on physical and electrical principles and concepts (The velocity of light, 4 pages ; The propagation of electromagnetic waves, 30 p . ; Some basic concepts of electrical theory, 15 p . ; Some basic properties of electromagnetic waves, 20 p .) . Three chapters are concerned with the realisation and application of these principles to the concepts of electromagnetic distance measurements (The principle of electromagnetic distance measurement, 31 p. ; The measurement process and calibration of instruments, 26 p . ; Principles of electromagnetic position fixing, 15 p .) . A main part of

314 the book covers different instruments (Instruments using long radio waves (hydrographic systems), 25 p . ; Instruments using microwaves, 19 p . ; Instruments using visible light, 31 p . ; Instruments using infra-red radiation, 43 p .) . Thus the reader will find information at great length on general fundamentals, and principles and instruments for long and microwave measurement ; as compared to the second edition of his book, the author has strengthened the sections on hydrographic applications . In the same manner, the reader is instructed about the principles and instruments for measurements using visible light and infra-red radiation (included are now pulse measurement techniques) . A difficult problem for textbooks on electromagnetic distance measurements arises from the introduction of the Global Positioning System (GPS) into all fields of geodesy and surveying including position fixing, navigation of air-, sea-, and landvehicules etc . Although the system provides a sort of eletromagnetic distance measurement technique, the author has made a decision : GPS can be seen as a system per se which does not fit into the frame of his textbook ; thus the added a brief outline as an appendix . Due to the broad overview about the full spectrum of electromagnetic distance measurement principles, some matters of practical applications are not so intensive in description . This will be noticed when it comes to practical measurements especially in cases of engineering surveying where highest accuracy is demanded, e .g . the detailed analysis of error sources and calibration problems, the measurement of atmospheric parameters, various reductions, reflectors, interferometry, and some others . These points are obviously not so much in the intention of the book . The text is clear and easy to understand, the figures are very illustrative, the reading is gratifying and pleasant . The author should feel encouraged to keep his textbook also in future to the state of the art even if he thinks a new edition would be "a somewhat daunting task" . A grateful audience of students and professionals will be his reward as it has been since twenty years . W .M . Welsch

Dautray, R . and .1 .-L . Lions : Mathematical Analysis and Numerical Methods for Science and Technology . Volume 5 . Evolution Problems 1 . 709 pp ., Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1991 . During the last half century, the classical theory of boundary value problems has undergone a dramatic metamorphosis due to the development of new theoretical techniques . These have included not only the emergence of new mathematical tools, such as the

theory of distributions, but also theoretical numerical techniques which can be implemented on computers . The present volume, which is the fifth in a series of six, is designed especially to make this methodology available to engineers and scientists, and it is edited by a pair of French savants who are well known as authorities on the subject . Thus, the material is a major contribution to the dissemination of modern mathematical ideas to the general engineering and scientific communities, and is a translation of the original French editions which appeared in 1984-1985 . This volume is the first of a two volume set dealing with evolution, i .e ., non-stationary, problems . While admittedly this topic is unlikely to be as valuable to working theoretical geodetists as the previous volumes Vol . 1, Physical Origins and Classical Methods ; Vol . 2, Functional and Variational Methods ; Vol. 3, Spectral Theory and Applications ; Vol . 4, Integral Equations and Numerical Methods ; nevertheless one is delighted to have it available in such an accessible and lucid form . Contents in Vol . 5 include four chapters devoted to discussing the Evolution Problem from the viewpoint of a Cauchy Problem in lR n, by the diagonalisation of the differential operator, by the Laplace Transform, and the method of semigroups . Each chapter ends with a concise precis which is an overview of the applicability of a method, and the book concludes with a helpful thriteen page Table of Notations, and of course a Bibliography . The mathematical prerequisites make extensive use of functional analysis (as developed in Volumes 2 and 3) and is mathematically sophisticated . However, unlike other mathematical treatments which are available, the material is exhaustively illustrated by very detailed physical examples which not only explain the topics, but whet the reader's appetite for understanding the contemporary viewpoint and the new possibilities it offers . It is not an overstatement to say that this volume, as well as its predecessors, is a veritable goldmine of information for a mathematical-minded reader . It is a masterpiece, but one intended for a cognoscente rather than a tiro . J .D . Zund

Hotine, M . : Differential Geodesy . SpringerVerlag Berlin - Heidelberg - New York London - Paris - Tokyo - HongKong Barcelona - Budapest, 1991, 195 pp ., ISBN 3-540-53799-6 . From today's viewpoint the sixties appear as a period of important changes and reconsideration in theoretical geodesy . Will the young geodesist of today understand the revolutionary thinking of the pioneers of threedimensional geodesy and will he, who is fully used to GPS, modern physical geodesy and other threedimensional techniques, appreciate the conceptual change of M . Hotine's thinking with respect to the classical geodesy of the late fifties . From a purely

315 formal viewpoint, S . Heitz's recent reconciliation of various classical ellipsoidal geodesy concepts by using tensorial notations and related calculus, makes it difficult to evaluate and to understand today the change and the break in thinking . Similarly to M .S . Molodensky's and A . Marussi's results, M . Hotine's work is today part of what Hirvonen once called the reformation in geodesy, a historic event . In so far, the Springer Verlag deserves applause for publishing, besides A . Marussi's "Intrinsic Geodesy", now this collection of M . Hotine's "early" papers preceding his "Mathematical Geodesy" of 1969 . Only a few of us may remember the controversial discussion in the early sixtis where Hotine's formulas where attacked and approved or accepted, respectively . Hotine made geodesy a fascinating and intellectually attractive science and initiated lively discussions . Prof . Zund deserves our admiration for providing a wonderful frame in which he refers, at least partially, to interesting comments by Moritz, Grafarend, Levallois, Wolf and others, which contributed to geodetic dcvlopment, perhaps to one of the most fascinating periods in geodesy . The US Coast and Geodetic Survey, first of all Charles Whiuen and Bernie Chovitz, deserve similar admiration for giving in the sixtis M . Hotine the possibility to focus on his revolution of geodesy after an outstanding career of a pruductive surveyor and geodesist . Seldom a scientist reaches "mountain tops" of so different kind in his career and seldom the maximum is reached after twenty or more years of brilliant results of so different types from photogrammetry to physical geodesy to mathematics . This is a book which contains slightly revised and commented (by Prof . J . Zund) articles written by M . Hotine between 1956 until 1967 : (1) Trends in Mathematical Geodesy (1964), (2) Adjustment of Triangulation in Space (1956), (3) Metrical Properties of the Earth's Gravitational Field (1957), (4) Geodetic Coodinate Systems (1957), (5) A primer on NonClassical Geodesy (1959), (6) The Third Dimension in Geodesy (1960), (7) Harmonic Functions (1962), (8) Downward Continuation of the Gravitational Potential (1967) and (9) Curvature Corrections in Electronic Distance Measurements (1967), preceded by a Foreword by Whitten and Chovitz and a Editorial Introduction written by Zund . These papers are followed by a detailed Bibliography compiled by J . Nolton and commented again by J . Zund, a slightly revised version of B . Chovitz's well known commentary on Hotine's meanwhile classical treatise "Mathematical Geodesy" and a very personal c .v . by Charles Whitten on Martin Hotine, originally published in 1973 . The comments by Prof . Zund are careful and competent, a useful index of names and subjects is added . For those who knew M . Hotine, this book commemorated a great epoch with a "big step forward" in geodesy, dominated by M . Hotine and other great personalities ; for the younger scientists, it is a fascinating way back to the sources of contemporary development in geodesy .

Paper one of this collection was orally presented at OSU in 1964 by Brigadier Hotine when I was a coworker of Professor Heiskanen and I still vividly remember the deep impression I got as a young geodesist when M . Hotine, his two hands in his pockets, started his talk by referring to W . Rutherford by saying : "there is physics and stamp-collecting" or to shakespeare by speaking on "snappers-up of unconsidered trifles" . From a retired Brigadier who had spent decades in the British colonies installing and establishing geodetic system, I had not expected revolutionary ideas . In 1964, he came from Boulder/Colorado where he was writing his book "Mathematical Geodesy" which I did not yet know at that time because it appeared only in 1969, I knew at that time his foregoing publications and I was primarily impressed by his "Primer on non-classical geodesy" . By looking back, it appears surprising that three outstanding and quite unique scientists like M . Hotine, A . Marussi and M .S . Molodensky were working at the same time on almost the same topic of threedimensional geodesy, all of them coming from totally different parts of mathematics, geodesy, surveying etc . In spite of its mathematical intricacy and sophistication, M .S . Molodensky's concept was, as far as geometrical geodesy is concerned, the closest of these three theories to classical geodesy whereas Marussi's concept is the most far-reaching . Prof. Zund's comments are instructive, up-to-date and elucidating . B . Chovitz's and Ch . Whitten's reprinted papers are dedicated reviews on Hotine's book "Mathematical Geodesy" and his curriculum, respectively, both with a lot of remarkable details . The book itself is an excellent "hommage" to a great personality, an excellent scientist and a wonderful description of an exciting part of history of geodesy . This book is a very valuable collection of those topics which absorbed for many years so much energy of the best geodesists : Downward continuation, convergence problems, spherical harmonics representation, orientation and adjustment in threedimensional space, geodetic networks and datums refraction, global gravity fields and metric properties of the gravitational field, a topic in which Hotine perhaps approaches closest Marussi's concept of intrinsic geodesy . This is a collection of intellectual highlights which clarifies the role of differential geodesy in Hotine's version for the development of modern geodesy . The only point where I disagree from J . Zund is on page 147 where he refers to G . Chr. Lichtenberg . When I regarded Brigadier Hotine's photograph at the beginning of the book, I remembered the begining of his aforementioned speech at OSU where he apologized for his british accent; he was indeed very international and very british at the same time, admirable, sometimes tough and charming in any way . Even at times when finite techniques apparently dominate geodesy

31 6 differential methods still play their important role and this book facilitates the access to the sources of differential geodesy as well as to one of its dominating personalities . E . Groten

Kakkuri, J . (ed .) : Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Earth Tides, E . Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 662 pp ., Stuttgart 1991 . As a result of the Eleventh International Symposium on Earth Tides on behalf of Commission V of the International Association of Geodesy, J . Kakkuri has edited a great collection of research papers and review contributions in this active geodetic research field . The proceedings opened up with nine resolutions being adopted during the symposium, which was held from July 31 to August 5, 1989, in the SwedishFinnish Cultural Centre in Hanasaari, a small island in the archipelago of Helsinki/Finland . The resolutions document will open the transition phase of Earth tide research to other branches of geodesy and geophysics, namely "tidal measurements and geodynamic research", "ocean tides and ground water", "high precision tidal data processing" (time variations in tidal parameters, meteorological and geophysical influences environmental factors - on tidal registration, superconducting gravimeter data), "Earth tidal models", "non-tidal changes in gravity" . In the opening, a report of the International Center for Earth Tides for the period 1985-1989 is given by P . Melchior : Table I reviews the Trans World Tidal Gravity Profiles (ICET) including 16 world-wide stations, Table 2 the related Bulletin d'Information des Marces Terrestres published by the center . In addition, ratios of Shida-Love numbers as being determined by horizontal and vertical extensometers/strain measurements (table 5 and 6) are given as well as results of super-conducting gravimeters (Wolverdange mine, comparison with three modified (Bonatz) ASKANIA gravimeters, table 7) . All of the results show the hydrodynantical effects of the Earth's liquid core! As an out-of-session review E . Groten discussed geophysical interpretation of tidal data, namely (i) satellite orbits, (ii) precise terrestrial geodesy, (iii) non-Newtonian attraction, (iv) time and tidal friction (v) ocean tides and geodesy and (vi) free core resonances, with an impressive literature reference list o('85 papers! Session I on tidal observations, methods and instruments included contributions by G . MENTES (Sopron/Hungary : direct digital transducers),

B . RICHTER (Frankfurt/Germany : automatic computer controlled levitation, tilt and calibration system for superconducting gravimeters), M . van RUYMBEKE (Bruxelles/Belgium : feed back system for instruments equipped with a capacitive transducer), M . van R UYMBEKE et al (Bruxelles/Belgium and Helsinki/Finland : long baseline watertubes), J . KAARIANEN et al (Helsinki/Finland : tilt measurements in the underground laboratory Lohja 2), M . van RUYMBEKE et al (Bruxelles/Kiel/Madrid : temperature measurements), J . FERNANDEZ et al (Madrid/Spain : data acquisition systems), and M . van R UYMBEKE (Bruxelles/Belgium : calibration platforms for gravimeters) . Session II on the same topic included P .A . RYDELEK et al (Schiltach/Germany and Washington/USA : tidal measurements with a Sacks-Evertson borehole strainmeter at Mammoth Lakes, California), T . STOJANOV et al (Plovdic/Bulgaria : the local geophysical observatory), C .W . XIN et al (Wuhan/China, Bruxelles, Luxembourg : cooperative projects) . Session III on results of tidal observations opened by R . ALMS et al (Bonn, Berlin, Helsinki : 3component broad band tidal recordings in METSAHOVI/Finland) . T . BAKER et al (Bidston/U .K .) talked about "European tidal gravity" : their 01 measurements have confirmed the gravimeter calibrations on the Hanover baseline and have provided a test of the body tide models .They verified that the DEHANT-WAHR anelastic body tide gravimetric factor is accurate to within 0 .2% . B . DUCARME and M . van RUYMBEKE (Bruxelles/Belgium) confirmed the disagreement of the tidal factor S at the Bruxelles fundamental station about 1% with the most recent modelling based on the DEHANT-WAHR model . F. de MAYER and B . DUCARME (Bruxelles/Belgium : nontidal gravity changes observed with a superconducting gravimeter) closed the third session . Sessions IV and V tidal observations and results referred to contributions by H .T. HSU et al (Wuhang/China, Bidstron . U.K .: gravity tidal datum at Wuhang/China), P . MELCHIOR et al (Bruxelles, Dourbes, Luxemburg : Earth tides results obtained with gravimeters, clinometers and strainmeters in Belgium and Luxemburg), J . RASSON (Dourbes/Belgium : gravity observations with a conical pendulum), R . VIEIRA et al (Madrid/Spain : structural and oceanic effects in gravimetric tides observations in Lanzarote/Canary Islands), J . PAESALU et al (Tallinn/Estonia : Earth tide observations in Tallinn 1985-1988), M . BONATZ (Bonn/Germany : a new borehole tiltmetcr for multiple application), 7'. CIIOJNICKI (Warsaw/Poland : modulations of some tidal waves of horizontal constituents) and C . GERSTENECKER (Darmstadt/Germany : the Hughes borehole tiltmetcr) .

317 Session VI on the tide-generating potential development and tidal analysis methods, Earth tides and rotation of the Earth opened by a working report by G . JENTZSCH (Bonn/Germany) on "high precision tidal data processing" . C ZONGYONG (Quigdao, China) gave tables for the 169 constituents of the tide generating potential within the D .E . Cartwright series expansion . P . VARGA (Budapest/Hungary) and C . DENIS (Liege/Belgium) discussed tidal friction, earth rotation and related phenomena in the context of the time variation of the inertia tensor . Y. ZIIANG and J.T. KUO (New York/USA) gave a very detailed review of the time domain earth tides for a rotating earth based on the SREI model (spherical, rotating, elastic and isostropic) . The results indicate that the coupling effects of spheroidal and toroidal components due to the rotation of the earth, particularly those of the spheroidal type of degree 2 and 4 as well as the toroidal type of degree 3 can be clearly observed . Session VII on ocean tides and interactions of the earth and the oceans includes eight contributions, namely by 0 . FRANCIS and P . MAZZEGA (Bruxelles, Toulouse : ocean tides from tide gauges and gravity loading measurements), P . VINCENT et al (Toulouse/France : Topex/Poscidon opportunity to get a new generation of ocean tide model) . T. JAIIR et la (Bonn, Charlottenlund : ocean tide loading on the shelf areas around Denmark), K . KACZOROWSKI (Warsaw/Poland : seasonal variations of the ocean indirect effetcs), LI RUIIIAO et al (Wuhan/China : ocean loading effect on earth tidal observations in the mainland of China), I1 .G . SCIIERNECK (Uppsala/Sweden : regional ocean tide modelling) XI QINWEN (Beijing/China : the precision of the development of the tidal generating potential) and W . ZAIIEL (Hamburg= Germany : assimilating data into ocean tide models) . Session V111 on "perturbations", geophysical interpretation of tidal observations chaired by P . MELCHIOR (Bruxelles/Belgium) included contributions on tilt measurements (R . ALMS et al, Bonn/Berlin/Germany), the tidal field in the context of volcanic activity in Southern Italy (G . BERRINO et al, Naples/Italy), water level fluctauons (M . DELCOURT, Bruxelles/Belgium and R .J . EDGE et al, Bidston/U .K .) . J . HINDERER and H . LEGROS (Strasbourg/France) identified the annual redistribution of atmospheric masses due to solar heating for the apparent annual anomaly in gravity perturbation . P . MELCHIOR and B . DUCARME (Bruxelles/Belgium) studied the correlation between the tidal loading vector computed from SCHWIDERSKI maps and the tidal residual vector by computing the linear regression of the phase and the out-of-phase components . The same authors contributed another statistical study of tidal gravity anomalies and tectonics . Session IX (chair: R .V . DIAZ) continued the key topic : J . MAKINEN et al (Helsinki/Finland) analyzed

the variation in subsurface water storage on observed gravity . Least squares prediction of gravimetric tides in Europe was reviewed by A .G . CAMACHO et al (Madrid/Spain) . The impulse response of a PREMZSCAHU Earth has been studied by Q . XIAO and H .T. HSU (Hubei/China) . In addition, H .T . HSU et al investigated the nearly diurnal resonance of the liquid core. Exactly this frenquency was analyzed from recordings of superconducting gravimeters by W . ZURN et al (Schiltach/Germany) . The highlight Session X on Earth Models chaired by J . WAHR opened by a report of the working group on Theoretical Tidal Model by V . DEHANT (Bruxelles/Belgium) et al . (i) Tidal parameters (the tidal gravimetric factor S (J . WAHR) and S (conventional), Love number h, k, tilt), (ii) tidal model for the Earth tides, (iii) tidal potential and (iv) the so-called constant part of Earth tide models (advice: remove the constant part of the tidal potential) were discussed . J . HINDERER, H. LEGROS (Strasbourg/France) and W . ZURN (Schiltach/Germany) investigated the strenght of the "nearly diurnal free wobble"-resonance from stacked gravity tide observations . The first two authors studied in addition perturbations of diurnal tidal waves and related nutations . S . PAGIATAKIS (Ottawa/Canada) showed that load tides are affected by anisotropy of the earth's mantle . T . SATO (Mizusawa/Japan) studied the fluid core resonance measured by quartz tube extensometers . J .A . SAVIN (Moscow/Russia) et al focussed on the narrow band analysis of gravity time series at three different stations . G .Y . LI and H .T . HSU (Hubei/China) modelled tides with a lateral inhomogeneous, inelastic mantle . Any geo-scientist who is interested in the state-ofthe-art of Earth Tides Research will find nearly all topics being expertisely treated in this monograph . May the monograph find a wide distribution in geosciences! The authors and the editor J. KAKKURI have to be complimented for all their efforts . Erik W . Grafarend

Schneider M . (ed .) : Sate Ilitengeodasie . Ergebnisse aus dem gleichnamigen Sonderforschungdbereich der Technischen Universitat Munchen (Satellite Geodesy . Results from the Special Research Area of the Technical University Munich) . 458 pp ., DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft . VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim 1990 . DM 142 ., ISBN 3-527-27712-9 The book presents the final results of scientific work having been done in the framework of the Special Research Area (Sonderforschungsbereich) 78 "Satellite Geodesy" . This Special Research Area had been installed in 1970 by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) at the Technical

318 University of Munich and was sponsored until 1986 . In this period, completely new possibilities for the solution of geodetic problems have opened up by the use of satellites in national and international research projects . Most eminent achievements of geodetic space methods concern the determination of the space-time structure of the earth's gravitational field and the geometry of its surface as well as the characteristic of its rotational motion . This final report describes the main results of 17 years of research in this field, summarizes the achievements and points out future prospects . The content of the book has been arranged in four parts . The first part describes the situation and the problems of Geodesy at the end of the sixties before the Special Research Area had been established ; and summarizes the first results of Satellite Geodesy achieved in the sixties . The five sections of the second part present the most important results of research with respect to the installation of the fundamental observation site Wettzell, the orientation and the gravitational field of the earth, geodynamic applications, and post-Newtonian aspects of Satellite Geodesy . Chapter 1 (Fundamental Site Wettzell) starts with a discussion of the concept and role of fundamental stations, followed by a detailed description of the most important instrumental components : the 20 in diameter Radio Telescope, stationary and mobile Laser Ranging Systems, time and frequency standards and supplementary terrestrial instrumentation . Chapter 2 (Orientation of the earth) discusses astronomical aspects and the problem of defining and realizing terrestrial reference systems using geodetic space methods ; another accent is put on the presentation of numerical results of earth rotation parameters derived from Satellite Laser Ranging and Very Long Baseline Interferometry . Chapter 3 (Gravitational field of the earth) refers to the determination of gravity field models using satellite tracking (The models of the GRIM series manifest the high quality of the work performed in the framework of the Special Research Area) and gives an outlook on to future possibilities of high precision and resolution gravitational field determination using Satellite Gradiometry and Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking . Geodynamic applications are the topic of Chapter 4 : After a survey of potential contributions of geodetic

space methods to geodynamic research detailed results arc reported for baseline changes - derived from VLBI and global relative movements of observing stations determined from Laser Ranging to LAGEOS . Another series of contributions concerns the international WE GENER-MEDLAS Project coordinating geodynamic studies in the Mediterranean area . Finally an interpretation of the global gravity field with respect to density variations and the geometry of discontinuity surfaces is presented, connected with the inverse gravimetric problem . In the final Chapter 5 relativistic aspects of Satellite Geodesy are discussed, covering subjects like the post-Newtonian definition of reference frames, satellite orbits, relativistic effects on geodetic observables, and motion of extended bodies on the basis of Einstein's theory of gravitation . Some final comments by the editor on the main results and on the future concepts of research (part III) as well as a documentation about the structure and the personnel composition (part IV) of the Special Research Area conclude the book . This excellently presented volume yields an abundance of information about the work of a highly productive cooperation between several research institutions in Germany . In addition it gives an outstanding impression of the present state of the art in Satellite Geodesy . The book is directed to a broad readership interested mainly in results rather than in theory . In accordance with this intention only the principal features of evaluation procedures are mentioned ; the only exception is made in Chapter 5 of part II where the theoretical background is discussed in more detail, Nevertheless the close link between instrumental prerequisites and practical aspects on one hand and modelling/data processing aspects on the other hand becomes obvious . Although written in German, this volume can be valuable also for readers who are either not at all or only scarcely familiar with the German language, due to the abundance of selfcomprehensible tables and - partly coloured - figures . The book can be highly recommended to geodesists, astronomers, geophysicists, geologists and geographers interested in recent achievements in the field of Satellite Geodesy . B . Heck

319

Fast Bibliography Here are listed the bibliographic items received by the Central Bureau, the Editor in Chief, or the Dresden Center which is also charge of the full and comprehensive publication of the International Geodetic Bibliography . These pages will be included in each issue of the Bulletin Geodesique, presenting in a fast way the new information collected since the previous number nominally three months .

92A0018 : Vermer M . : FG1 Studies on Satellite Gravity Gradiometry, Report of the Finnish Geodetic Institute 92 :1, Helsinki, June 1992. 92A0019 : Kiviniemi A ., R . Konttinen, A . Kuivamaki, M . Takalo, P . Vuoreta : Geodetic Observations on the Pasmajarvi Postglacial Fault, Report of the Finnish Geodetic Institute 92 :1, June 1992 . 92A0020 : Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Ambientale e del Rilevamento : Mare Nostrum - Geomed Report - 1, 1992 .

Two parts contains respectively the books, reports, proceeding or else received (part A) and the geodetic papers published in journals or presented at symposia (part B)

92A0021 : Frei E . : Rapid Differential Positioning with the Global Positioning System (GPS), Geodlltisch-geophysikalische Arbeiten in der Schweiz, 1991 .

PART A

92A0022 : Schwintzer Ch ., Reigber, F.-H . Massmann, W . Barth, J .C . Raimondo, M . Gerstl, H . Li, R . Biancale, G . Balmino, B . Moynot, J .M . Lemoine, J .C . Marty, Y . Boudon, F. Barlier : A new earth gravity field model in support of ERS-1 and SPOT-2 GRIM4-S1 /C1, DGFI/GRGS, Final Report to the German Space Agency (DARA) and the French Space Agency (CNES), Miinchen/Toulouse, 1991 .

Book received 92A0008 : Forsberg R . : Gravity Measurements in East Greenland 1986-88, Kort-Og Matrikelstyrelsen, Report n °4, Denmark, 1991 . 92A0009 : Bock Y . : Global Positioning System : An Overview, IAG n°102, Springcr-Verlag 1990 . 92A0010 : Rummel R ., R .G . Hipkin : Gravity, Gradiometry and Gravimetry, IAG n°103, SpringerVerlag 1990 . 92A0011 : Siinkel H . : Sea Surface Topography and the Geoid, IAG n°104, Springer-Verlag 1990 . 92A0012 : Boucher C . : Earth Rotation and Coordinate Reference Frames, IAG n°105, Springer-Verlag 1990 . 92A0013 : Vyskocil P . : Global and Regional Geodynamics, IAG n°106, Milano, Springer-Verlag 1990 . 92A0014 : Rapp R .H . : Determination of the geoid . Present and Future, Springcr-Verlag 1990 . 92A0015 : Menke W . : Geophysical Data Analyses Discret Theory, Academic Press 1989 . 92A0016 : Robertson W . : Spherical Geodetic Transformation, Vol 1 : Spectral Theory and optimal Template Designs, Vol 11 : Catalog of Explicit Representations in the Spatial and Frequency Domains, The Charles Stark Dropers Laboratory, Inc . 1978 . 92A0017 : Jivall L . : CPS Computations and Analyses for Geodetic Control Networks, Lantmiiterict Rapport 1991 :22 .

92A0023 : Impacts of the greenhouse effect for The Netherlands, document gwao 90 .026, Ministry of transport and public works, January 1991 . 92A0024 : Caputo M ., F . Sanso : Proceedings of the geodetic day in honor of Antonio Marussi (October 9th, 1989), Accademia Nazionale Dei Lincei, Roma, 1991 . 92A0025 : Atsambalos K .E ., H.N. Tziavos : Physical Geodesy, ZHTH, 1991 . 92A0026 : The role of the Observatory for Satellite Geodesy at Kootwijk in the nineties, TU Delft, 1991 . 92A0027 : Refraction of Transatmospheric Signals in Geodesy, Netherlands Geodetic Commission, Publications on Geodesy, New Series n°36, The Hague, The Netherlands, May 19-22, 1992 . 92A0028 : Udomsak Chakreyavanich : Regular Grid DEM Data Compression by Using Zero-Crossings : The Automatic Breakline Detection Method, DGSS, Rep . n°412, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, November 1991 . 92A0029 : Cheinway Hwang : Orthogonal Functions Over the Oceans and Applications to the Determination of Orbits Error, Geoid and Sea Surface Topography from Satellite Altimetry, DGSS, Rep . n°414, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, December 1991 . 92A0030 : Basic T ., R .H. Rapp : Oceanwide Prediction of Gravity Anomalies and Sea Surface Heights Using

320 Geos-3, Seasat, and Geosat Altimeter Data and ETOP05U Bathymetric Data, Rep . n°416, DGSS, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, February 1992 . 92A0031 : Yuchan Yi : Change of the Sea Surface Topography Determined frrom Geosat Altimeter data Due to a Change Of the Wet Tropospheric Correction, Rep . n°417, DGSS, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, April, 1992 . 92A0032 : Tiberius C .C .J .M . : Quality control and integration aspects of vehicule location systems, TU Delft n°l, 1991 . 92A0033 : Arias E .F ., M . Feissel, J .-F . Lestrade : The IERS esiragalactic Celestial Reference Frame and its tic with Ilipparcos, IERS Technical Note n ° 7, December 1991 . 92A0034 : Central Bureau of IERS : Earth orientation and reference frame determinations, atmospheric excitation functions, up to 1990, (Annex to the IERS Annual Report for 1990), IERS Technical Note n°8, October 1991 . 92A0035 : Boucher C ., Z . Altamimi : ITRF 90 and other realizations of the IERS Terrestrial Reference System for 1990, IERS Technical Note n ° 9, December 1991 . 92A0036 : Boucher C ., Z . Altamimi : The IERS GPS Terrestrial Reference Frame, IERS Technical Note n° 10, January 1992 . 92A0037 : ERS-1 User Handbook, ESA SP-1148, May 1992 . 92A0038 : Hehl K . : Bestimmung von Beschleunigungen attf cinem bewegten Trager durch GPS and Digitale Filterung, Schriftenreihc, Heft 43, Ncubiberg, 1992 . 92A0039 : Schweizerischen Geode tischen Kommission : Elektronnagnetische Distanzmessungen im Basis vergro/3erungsnetz, Arbeiten der Bodenseckonferenz Ted IV, 1984 . 92A0040 : Schweizerischen Geodatischen Kommission : Astronomische Ldingen, Breiten and Azimute, Lotab%veichungen, geoidische and ellipsoidische Ildhen im Basisvergrhj3erungsnetz, Arbeiten der Bodenseekonferenz Teil V, 1984 . 92A0041 : Schweizerischcn Geodatischen Kommission : Basisrnessung lleerbrugg 1959 Ausgleichung des Basisvergra f3erungsnetz, Arbeiten der Bodenseekonferenz, Ted VI, 1987 .

PART B Geodetic Papers 92B0044 : Rummel R ., E .J .O . Schrama : Two Complementary Systems On-board "Aristoteles" : Gradio and GPS, ESA Journal, 15, pp 135-139, 1991 . 92B0045 : Koop R ., D. Stelpstra : Potential coefficient recovery from the CSR set of simulated satellite gradiometry observations, Geophys . Res . Letters, 18, n°10, pp 1897-1900, October 1991 . 92B0046 : Rummel R., R .H .N . Haagmans : Gravity Gradients from Satellite Altimetry, Marine Geodesy, 14, pp 1-12, 1991 . 92B0047 : Kabelac J ., M . Skala : Calculation of the illumination of the Czechoslovak satellite MACEK, Artifical Satellites, Planetary Geodesy n°16, Vol .27 n°1, pp 41, 1992 . 92B0048 : Haagmans R .H.N. : Satellite Altimetry : the Ocean Surface as a Link between Oceanography, Geophysics and Geodesy, Geodetical Info Magazine, Case Study II, pp 29-37, November 1991 . 92B0049 : Bursa M . : Gravity Field of Satellites Disintegrating at the Roche Limit, Bull. Astron . Inst. Czechosl . 41, pp 96-103, 1990 . 92B0050 : Goad C .C . : Optimal Filtering of Pseudoranges and Phases from Single-Frenquency GPS Receivers, Navigation : Journal of the Institute of Navigation, 37, n°3, 1990 . 92B0051 : Groenewoud W ., G .K . Lorenz, F .J .J . Brouwer, R .E . Molendijk : Geodetic Determination of Recent Land Subsidence in The Netherlands, IAHS, n°200, pp 463-471, 1991 . 92B0052 : Bursa M . : Estimating Mean Densities of Saturnian Tri-Axial Satellites, Bull . Astron . Inst . Czechosl . 41, n°2, pp 104-107, 1990 . 92B0053 : Rummel R . : The Gravity Field Measured From Space, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands . 92B0054 : Adam J ., H . Denker : Test Computations for a Local Quasigeoid in Hungary Using FFT, Acta Geod . Geoph . Mont . Hung ., 26 (1-4), pp 33-43, Akademiai Kiadd, Budapest, 1991 . 92B0055 : Rummel R . : Solid Earth from space, ESA SP-1143, pp 214-219, October 1991 . 92B0056 : Rutkowska M . : Orbital program "Orbita 88", Artifical Satellites, Planetary Geodesy n°16, Vol .27 n°1, pp 23-40, 1992 .

321 92B0057 : Wicjak W ., E .J .O . Schrama, R . Rummel Spectral Representation of the Satellite- To -Satellite Tracking Observables, Adv . Space Res ., 11, n°6, pp (6)197-(6)224, 1991 . 92B0058 : Soler T ., H .W . van G . Boudcwijn : On differential scale changes and the satellite Doppler system z-shift, Geophys . J . R . asir. Soc ., 91, pp 639656, 1987 . 92B0059 : Santerre R ., M . Lavoie : Propagation of GPS Errors for Ambiguities-Fixed and Amibuities-Free Solutions, Centre de geomatique, Departement des sciences gcodesiques et de teledetection, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada, Vienna Section I/IV, Austria, 1991 . 92B0060 : Doi K ., T . Higashi, I . Nakagawa : An Effect of Atmospheric Pressure Changes on the Time Change of Gravity Observed by a Superconducting Gravity Meter, Journal of the Geodetic Society of Japan, 37, n°1, pp 1-12, 1991 . 92B0061 : Ogawa F ., Y . Fukuda, J . Akamatsu, K . Shibuya : Analysis of Tidal Variation of Gravity Observed at Syowa and Asuka Stations, Antartica, Journal of the Geodetic Society of Japan, 37, n°1, pp 13-30, 1991 . 92B0062 : Murata M ., T . Yamamoto, Y . Hamada Experiments of GPS Satellite Orbit Determination Using Pseudorange Data, Journal 01' the Geodetic Society of Japan, 37, n°1, pp 31-44, 1991 . 92B0063 : Ozawa I . : Analysis of the Earth Tidal Strains on the Anisotropic Crust, Journal of the Geodetic Society of Japan, 37, n°1, pp 45-56, 1991 . 92B0064 : Ekman M . : A concise history of postglacial land uplift research (from its begining to 1950), Terra Review, 3, pp 358-365 .

92B0069 : Andersen A .J ., et al : The geophysical impact of the Aristoteles mission, The interdiscplinary role of Aristoteles in the observation of the earth and its environment, The Solid-Earth Mission Aristoteles, pp 45-52 . 92A0070 : Rutkowska M. : Contribution of the satellite laser range Borowiec station to the global and european geodynamic networks, Artifical Satellites, Planetary Geodesy n°16, Vol.27 n°1, pp 11-22, 1992 . 92B0071 : Meyer P ., P. Peyrot : The gradiometer Payload, Mission and system aspects, The Solid-Earth Mission Aristoteles, pp 57-60 . 92B0072 : Bernard A ., P . Touboul : The gradio accelerator : design and development statuts, Mission and system aspects, The Solid-Earth Mission Aristotcles, pp 61-68 . 92B0073 : Davis E .S ., et al : Nasa's GPS tracking system for Aristoteles, Mission and system aspects, The Solid-Earth Mission Aristoteles, pp 69-82 . 92B0074 : Ousley Sr G .W . : The Delta-11 launcher, Mission and system aspects, The Solid-Earth Mission Aristoteles, pp 91-94 . 92B0075 : Anselmi A ., M . Izzo : The Aristoteles mission profile, Mission and system aspects, The Solid-Earth Mission Aristoteles, pp 95-100. 92B0076 : Houet H . : Aristoteles ground segment : operational concept, Mission and system aspects, The Solid-Earth Mission Aristoteles, pp 101-106 . 92B0077 : Bianco G . : The potential use of fiducial ground networks, Mission and system aspects, The Solid-Earth Mission Aristoteles, pp 107-110 .

92B0065 : Ekman M . : Gravity change, geoid change and remaining postglacial uplift of Fennoscandia, Terra Research, 3, pp 390-392 .

92B0078 : Balmino G . : Gravity field data products from the Aristoteles mission, Mission and system aspects, The Solid-Earth Mission Aristoteles, pp 111114 .

92B0066 : Rummel R . : On the principle of Aristoteles, Mission objectives and scientific rationale, The Solid-Earth Mission Aristoteles, pp 11-16 .

92B0079 : Bursa M . : Tidal contribution of the satellites to removing the angular momentum of Jupiter, Studia geoph . e t geod ., 35, 1991 .

92B0067 : Rapp R .H . : The earth's gravity field from satellite geodesy-A 30 year adventure, The interdiscplinary role of Aristoteles in the observation of the earth and its environment, The Solid-Earth Mission Aristoteles, pp 29-32 .

92B0080 : Li Jinwen, Guan Zelin : An Investigation of the Time Variations in Geoid Height Caused, Acta Gcodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, pp 1-11 .

92B0068 : Bassanino M ., F . Migliaccio, F . Sansd Progress in the space+vise approach to Aristoteles data reduction, The interdisciplinary role of Aristotcles in the observation of the earth and its environment, The Solid-Earth Mission Aristotcles, pp 33-44 .

92B0081 : Xia Zheren : On Ellipsoidal Corrections in Space-time Concept, Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, pp 12-25 . 92B0082 : Chen Wiaoyong : A Fast Parallel Algorithm of Producing Equidistance Line for Delimitation of

322 Marine Boundary, Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, pp 26-33 .

Data, J . Geophys. Res ., 97, n°B4, pp 4915-4922, April 10, 1992.

92B0083 : Lan Yingchun : Vertical Displacement Automatic Monitoring System in Gezhou Dam, Acta Geodactica et Cartographica Sinica, pp 34-43 .

92B0095 : Small C ., D.T. Sandwell : An Analysis of Ridge Axis Gravity Roughness and Spreading Rate, J . Geophys. Res ., 97, n°B3, pp 3235-3246, March 10, 1992 .

92B0084 : He Manchao : A Special Phenomena of Ground Displacement induced by Mining Under the Condition of Complicated Structure and its New Research Method, Acta Geodactica et Cartographica Sinica, pp 62-68 . 92B0085 : Zhu Jiayu, Wang Huailing : On the Time Measuring Accuracy in Gyroscopic Orientation, Acta Geodactica ct Cartographica Sinica, pp 69-76 . 92B0086 : Guan Zengjian, Liu Zhiguo : Explorations of the Theory of Error in Ancient China, Acta Geodactica ct Cartographica Sinica, pp 77-89 . 92B0087 : Yang Kai : Strategies for the Development of Surveying and Mapping in China, Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, pp 90-97 . 92B0088 : Huang Yunkang : Some Considerations on Surveying and Mapping Management, Acta Gcodactica et Cartographica Sinica, pp 98 . 92B0089 : Kuroishi Y . M . Murakami, M . Kaidzu Improvement of the Gravity Network with Absolute Gravity Measurements, Journal of the Geodetic Society of Japan, 38, n°l, pp 63-74, 1992 . 92B0090 : Bertiger W .I ., J .T . Wu, C . Wu Sien Gravity Field Improvement Using Global Positioning System Data From TOPEX/Poseidon : A Covariance Analysis, J . Geophys . Res ., 97, n°B2, pp 1965-1972, February 10, 1992 . 92B0091 : Wu J .T ., T .P . Yunck : TOPEX Orbit Determination and gravity Recovery Using Global Positioning System Data From Repeat Orbits, J . Gcophys . Res ., 97, n°B2, pp 1973-1980, February 10, 1992 . 92B0092 : Herring T .A . : Submillimeter Horizontal Position Determination Using Very Long Baseline Interferometry, J . Geophys. Res ., 97, n°B2, pp 19811990, February 10, 1992 . 92B0093 : Larsen S ., R . Reilinger, H . Neugebauer, W . Strange : Global Positioning System Measurements of Deformations Associated With the 1987 Superstition Hills Earthquake : Evidence for Conjugate Faulting, J . Gcophys . Res ., 97, n°B4, pp 4885-4914, April 10, 1992 . 92B0094 : Marsh J .G ., C .J . Koblinsky, H .J . Zwally, A ./C . Brenner, B .D . Beckley : A Global Mean Sea Surface Based Upon GEOS 3 and Seasat Altimeter

92B0096 : Me Adoo D.C ., K .M . Marks : Gravity Fields of the Southern Ocean From Geosat Data, J . Geophys . Res., 97, n°B3, pp 3246-3260, March - 10, 1992 . 92B0097 : Genrich J .F., Y . Bock : Rapid Resolution of Crustal Motion at Short Ranges With the Global Positioning System, J . Geophys . Res ., 97, n ° B3, pp 3261-3270, March 10, 1992 . 92B0098 : Mader G .L . : Rapid Static and Kinematic Global Positioning System Solutions Using the Ambiguity Function Techniques, J . Geophys . Res ., 97, n°B3, pp 3271-3284, March 10, 1992. 92B0099 : Tushingham A .M ., W .R . Peltier Validation of the ICE-3G Model of Warm-Wisconsin Deglaciation Using a Global Data Base of Relative Sea Level Histories, J . Geophys . Res ., 97, n °B3, pp 32853304, March 10, 1992 . 92B0100 : Yang X ., P .M . Davis, P .T . Delaney, A .T . Okamura : Geodetic Analysis of Dike Intrusion and Motion of the Magma Reservoir Beneath the Summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii : 1970-1985, J . Geophys . Res., 97, n°B3, pp 3305-3324, March 10, 1992 . 92B0101 : Liao J .J, W .Z . Savage, B . Amadei Gravitational Stresses in Anisotropic Ridges and Valleys With Small Slopes, J . Geophys . Res ., 97, n°B3, pp 3325-3336, March 10, 1992 . 92B0102 : MUller R .D ., W .R . Roest : Fracture Zones in the North Atlantic From Combined Geosat and Seasat Data, J . Geophys . Res ., 97, n°B3, pp 33373351, March 10, 1992 . 92B0103 : Padilha A .L ., N .B . Trivedi, I . Vitorello, J .M . da Costa : Upper Crustal Structure of the Northeast Parank Basin, Brazil, Determined From Integrated Magnetotelluric and Gravity Measurements, J . Geophys . Res ., 97, n°B3, pp 3351-3365, March 10, 1992. 92B0104 : Cazenave A ., S . Houry, B . Lago, K . Dominth : Geosat-Derived Geoid Anomalies at Medium Wavelenth, J . Geophys . Res ., 97, n°B5, pp 7081-7096, May 10, 1992 . 92B0105 : Arabelos D ., I .N. Tziavos : Gravity Field Approximation Using Airborne Gravity Gradiometer

323 Data, J . Geophys . Res ., 97, n°B5, pp 7097-7108, May 10, 1992 . 92B0106 : Cazenave A ., J .J . Valctte, C . Boucher Positioning Results with DORIS on SPOT2 After First Year of Mission, J . Geophys . Res ., 97, n ° B5, pp 7109-7120, May 10, 1992 . 92B0107 : Lucchesi D ., P . Farinella : Optical Properties of the Earth's Surface and Long-Term Perturbations of LAGEOS's Semimajor Axis, J . Geophys . Res ., 97, n°B5, pp 7121-7128, May 10, 1992 .

92B0108 : Fallon F .W ., W .H . Dillinger : Crustal Velocities From Geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry, J . Geophys. Res ., 97, n°B5, pp 71297136, May 10, 1992 . 92B0109 : Okubo S . : Gravity and Potential Changes Due to Shear and Tensil Faults in a Half-Space, J . Geophys . Res ., 97, n°B5, pp 7138-7144, May 10, 1992 . 92A01 10 : Kaczorowski M . : Tidal model of additional single layer gravity effect, Artifical Satellites, Planetary Geodesy n°16, Vol .27 n°1, pp 3-10, 1992 .