Bulletin G@odsique

Bulletin G6od~sique (1994) 68:109-134

© Springer-Verlag1994

lAG Newsletter Pascal Willis IAG Central Bureau, 2, Avenue Pasteur, BP 68, 94160 Saint-Mand6, France

This part of the Bulletin G6od6sique is under the editorial responsibility of the IAG Central Bureau chaired by the IAG General Secretaly. It will include, in each issue, several topics : • Informations. • Reports of IAG symposia. . Reports by National Correspondents. • Reports from IAG Special Study Group. . Symposia announcements. . Book reviews. • Fast bibliography.

Informations Update to the Geodesist H a n d b o o k The following information contains the list of the LAG National Correspondents. It is an up-date to what has been published in the last Geodesist's Handbook (Manuel du GOodOsien) that has been published in 1994, as a special issue of the Bulletin G~od6sique (vol 66, 2, 1992).

List of IAG National Correspondents

It is the intent of the IAG to extend the services provided by its Central Bureau.

Algeria

An up-to-date information medium is one of the key elements• The IAG Newsletter, included as appendix of the Bulletin G6od6sique, should play this role, and therefore considered as an open forum_

Argentina

Bouchibi K. (Mr.)

Pallej/l E. (Dr.)

Australia Coleman R. (Prof.)

Contributors are welcomed to send any information or document which may be of interest for this purpose. This should complement the informafions already sent by the IAG officials or the IAG symposia organizers (reports and anouncements).

Austria Siinkel H. (Prof. Dr.)

Belgium van Twembeke U. (Prof.Dr.)

Books to be reviewed are under the responsability of :

Bolivia Omz R. (Dr.)

Prof. Gtinter W. HEIN Institute of Astronomical and Physical Geodesy University FAF Munich Werner - Heisenberg - Weg 39 W - 8014 Neubiberg Fed. Rep. of Germany

Brazil Blitzkow D. (Prof.)

Bulgaria Georgiev N. (Prof.)

Burundi Murigande C. (Dr.)

110 Canada Mainville A. (Dr.) Chile Pinto J. (Dr.) China Jian Guo H. (Prof.) Croatia Colic K. (Prof.) Cuba Hernandez Juan Perez (Lic.) Czech Republic Holota P. (Dr.) Denmark Madsen F. (Dr.) Egypt Tealeb A. (Prof.) Estonia Torim A. (Dr.) Ethiopia Asfaw L.M. (Dr.) Germany Grafarend E.W. (Prof. Dr.-InF.) Finland Kakkuri J. (Prof.Dr.) France Feissel M. (Dr.) Greece Veis G. (prof.) Gu at em al a Carrem R.G. (Dr.) Guinea Directeur G6n6ral de I'IGN Hungary AdAm J. (Prof.) Iceland Gudmundsson A. (Dr.) India Nagar V.K. (Mr.) Indonesia Villanueva K.J. (Mr.) Iran

Najafi Almandari M. (Dr.) Iraq Tawfiq N. (Dr.) Ireland Kirwan R.A. (Dr.) Israel to be proposed Italy Morelli C. (Prof.) Ivory Coast Abla J. (Dr.) Japan Segawa J. (Prof.) Jordan Dhaimat O.H. (Dr.Eng.) Kenya Obel J.D. (Dr.) Korea Baick E.-K. (Prof.) Lebanon Massad C. (Dr.) Libya Unis M. (Dr.) Luxemburg Breger G. (Ing.) Madagascar Nary H.I. (Mr.) Malaysia Chong J.T.L. (Mr.) Mexico Monges Caldera J. (Dr.) Monaco to be proposed Morocco Tikdirine L. (Mr.) Mozambique Cambaco S.V. (Mr.) Myanmar Director of Survey Department Netherlands Teunissen P.J.G. (Prof.Dr.Ir.)

111

New Zealand Grant D. (Dr.) Nigeria Coker O. (Dr.) Norway Harsson B.G. (Dr.) Pakistan Nastramllah (Mr.) Philippines Feir R.B. (Commodore) Poland Ney B. (Prof.) Portugal Torres J.A. (Dr.) Romania Dragomir V. (Gen. It.) Russia Pfilepin M.T. (prof.) Saudi Arabia Robayshi S. (Dr.) Senegal Thiam S.M. (Mr.) Slovenia to be proposed South Africa Wonnacott R. (Mr.) Spain Sevilla M.J. (prof.) Sudan Bakhiet M. (Mr.)

Tunisia Pr6sident Directeur G6n6ral OTC Turkey 0zaydin D. (Lt. Col. Eng.) United Kingdom Cross P.A. (Prof.) Uruguay Sequeira Y.A. (Cor.) United States of America Schutz B.E. (Prof.) Venezuela Henneberg H. (Prof.) Vietnam Nguyen Manh Duc (Dr.) Zimbabwe Podmore F. (Dr.) IAG Directory The following list corresponds to the list of address of all LAG National Correspondents and IAG Officers. In addition, Presidents and Secretary Generals of Associations of specific interest to IAG have also been listed. A complete list of all IAG Associates and Fellows (1,600 addresses) will be published in the Geodesist's Handbook 1996. Meanwhile, the complete IAG Directory can be obtained on a paper form at the LAG Central Bureau. We would like also to remain the reader that such information is freely available on-line by FTP with lots of other information of specific interest for IAG Associates:

Switzerland Kahle H.-G. (Prof.Dr.)

- 1600 addresses (including current e-mail addresses) - list of Symposia related to Geodesy in 1994 and 1995 -status and organization of IAG (Sections, Commissions, Special Commisions, Special Study Groups). - list of IAG correspondents.

Syria Kadri A. (Ing.)

A new electronic mailing service has also started and is freely available to all IAG Associates.

Tanzania Njau E.N. (Dr.)

More information about this new IAG Information Service has been published in the two last LAG Newsletter. Comments, suggestions and corrections should be send to the IAG Central Bureau.

Sweden Persson C.G. (prof.)

Thailand Paewpisakun P. (Lt. Gen.)

112 Further information can be obtained at IAG Central Bureau: Dr. Pascal Willis 2, Avenue Pasteur, BP 68 94160 Saint-Mand6, France Ph: (33)-1-4398-8329 Fx: (33)-1-4398-8488 Em: [email protected]

List of addresses of IAG National Correspondents and IAG Officers Abla, J. (Dr.), Institut G6ogmphique Cote d'Ivoire, B.P. 8029, CI-01 Abidjan, Ivory Coast, Ph: (225)442204, Tx: 22108 MITRAV CI. Adhm, Jozsef (Prof.), Inst. of Geod. Cart. and Remote Sensing, Satellite Geodetic Observatory, PO Box 546, H-1373 Budapest, Hungary, Ph: (36)-27126480/10980, Fx: (36)-27-10982, Tx: 28-2241 KGO H. Andreasen, Christian (Rear Admiral), International Hydrographic Bureau, 7 ave Pr. J.F. Kennedy BP 445, MC-98000 Monte-Carlo, Monaco, Ph: (33)-9350-6587, Fx: (33)-9325-2003, Tx: 479 164 MC INHORG, IHO President. Angns-Leppan, P.V. (Prof.), Tamsin PTY Ltd., PO Box 51, Coogee NSW 2034, Australia, Ph: (61)-2663-1125, Fx: (61)-2-663-112. Asfaw, Laike M. (Dr.), Addis Abbeba University, Director Geophysical Observatory, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Abbeba, Ethiopia, Ph: (251)-1-117253, Fx: (251)-1-517454, Tx: 21205. Baiek, Eun-Kee (Prof.), Seoul City University, Cheonong-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-743, Korea. Bakhiet, Mohammed (Mr.), Sudan Nat. Com. of Geodesy, PO Box 306, Khartoum, Sudan. B a l l y , Albert W. (Mr.), Rice University, Geology&Geophysics, PO Box 1892, Houston TX 77251, USA, Ph: (1)-713-527-4880, Fx: (1)-713285-5214, ICL President. Balmino, Georges (Dr.), Groupe de Recherche en G6od6sie Spatiale, Directeur Bureau Gmvim6trique International, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse Cedex, France, Ph: (33)-6133-2889/2980, Fx: (33)-6125-3098, Tx: 530776 F, Era: BALMINO@FRTOU71. Baran, Lubomir-Wlodzimierz (Prof.Dr.), University of Agriculture & Technology, Inst. of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Kortowo B 52, PL 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland, Ph: (48)-89-278 305, Fx: (48)-89273908, Tx: 526 419 ART PL. Barzaghi, Riccardo (Dr.), Politecnico di Milano, Istituto di Topografia, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 1-20133 Milano, Italy, Ph: (39)-2-2399-6504/6506, Fx: (39)-2-2399-6530, Tx: 333 467 POLIMI I, Era: GEOPOLI@IMICLVX BITNET. Becker, Matthias (Dr.Ing.), Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, Institut for Physikalische Geod~isie, Petersenstmsse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Fed. Rep.

of Germany, Ph: (49)-6151-163900, Fx: (49)-6151164512, Tx: 419579 TH D, Em: XBR2D550@DDATHD21. Bergeron, J. (Dr.), Institut d'Astrophysique, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France, Ph: (33)143201425, Fx: (33)1-40512100, Tx: 205671 IAU F, Em: IAU@FRIAP51 IAPOBS::IAU, IAU Secretaly General. Berry, Michael J. (Dr.), Geological Survey of Canada, Geophysics Division, 3 Observatory Crescent, Ottawa Ontario K1A OY3, Canada, Ph: (1)-613995-5484, Fx: (1)-613-952-9088, Tx: 533117 EMAR OTT, Era: [email protected], ICL Secretary General. Boyarchnk, A.A. (Dr.), Institute of Astronomy, Astronomical Council, 48 Pjatniskaya St., 109017 Moscow, Russia, IAU President. Blitzkow, Denisar (Prof.), University of Sao Paulo, Epusp-Ptr, Caixa Postal 61548, BR-05498 Sao Paulo, Brazil, Ph: (55)-11-815-5936, Fx: (55)-11211-4308, Tx: 1136221 IAGM BR. Book, Yehuda (Dr.), SCRIPPS Institute of Oceanography, IGPP/A-025, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla CA 92093, USA, Ph: (1)-619-534-5292, Fx: (1)-619-534-5332, Tx: 910-337-1271 OCWWD SDG, Em: [email protected]. Bosch, Woffgang (Dr.), Deutsches Geod~itisches Forschungsinstitut, Marstallplatz 8, D-80539 Miinchen, Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)-8923031-115, Fx: (49)-89-23031-240, Em: [email protected]. Boucher, Claude (Dr), Instimt Gdographique National, Direction G6n6rale, 136 bis rue de Grenelle, 75700 Paris, France, Ph: (33)-1-43988327/8477, Fx: (33)1-43988488, Tx: SMD IGN 210 551 F, Era: [email protected]. Bouehibi, K. (Mr.), Institut National de Cartographic, 123 me de Tripoli BP 69, Hussein Dey Alger, Algeria, Ph: (213)-2-596762, Fx: (213)-2-596767, Tx: 65441 DZ. Breger, Germain (Ing.), Service des G6om6tres de la Ville, Boulevard Royal 51, L-2449 Luxembourg Grand Duch6, Luxembourg, Ph: (352)-4796-2394, Fx: (352)-466156. Brosehe, Peter (Prof.Dr.), Observatorium Hoher List des Universit~ts, Sternwarte Bonn, D-5568 Dann, Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)-6592-2150, Fx: (49)-6592-2937. Brunner, Fritz-K. (Prof.), University of New South Wales, School of Surveying, PO Box 1, Kensington NSW 2033, Australia, Ph: (61)-2-6974177, Fx: (61)-2-313-7493, Tx: 26054 AA. Bursa, Milan (Prof.), Geophysical Institute, Astronomical Institute Acad. Sci., Bocni II cp 1401, CS-141 31 Praha 4-Sporilov, Czech Republic, Ph: (42)-2-766051, Fx: (42)-2-769023, Em: ASTD [email protected]. Cambaco, Simeao Velemo (Mr.), Direcqao Nacional de Geografia e Cadastre, C.P. 288, Maputo, Mozambique.

113 Carrera, R.G. (Dr.), Insfituto Geografico Militar, Avenida Las Americas 5-76 Zona 13, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala, Ph: 310111: C h a o , Benjamin Fong (Dr.), NASA/GSFC, Geodynamic Branch code 921, Greenbelt MD 20771-0001, USA, Ph: (1)-301-286-6120, Fx: (1)301-286-1616, Tx: 89675 NASCOM GBLT, Em: UN:BCHAO. Charfi, Mohamed (Dr.), 22 rue 6497 Citd Rommana II E1 Omrane, TN-2000 Bardo, Tunisia, Ph: (216)-1226-003, Fx: (216)-1-234-813, Tx: 15481 TN. C h e n , Junyong Y. (Prof.), National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, Baiwanzhuang, 100830 Beijing, China, Ph: (86)-1-8322005/012, Fx: (86)1-8311564, Tx: 222743 NBSM CN. C h o n g , Julian Teck Lee (Mr.), Institution of Surveyors Malaysia, Penthouse Bangunan Jumuka~, 64-66 Jalan 52/4, 46200 Pataling Jaya Selangor D.E., Malaysia, Ph: (60)-3-755-1773, Fx: (60)-3755-0253. C o k e r , Oluwole (Dr.), Nigeria Association of Geodesy, Odaliki St. E.B. 18 PO Box 3660, WanLagos, Nigeria, Ph: (227)- 1-835218. Coleman, Richard (Prof.), University of Tasmania, Dept. of Surveying & SIS, GPO Box 252C, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia, Ph: (61)-2-202108, Fx: (61)2-240282, Ero: [email protected]. Colenbrander, Henny J. (Mr.), IAHS Secretary General, Rozendaalselaan 36, 6881 LD Velp, Netherlands, Ph: (31)-85-646798, Fx: (31)-85629336, IAHS Secretary General. Colic, Kresiroir (Prof:), Geodetski Fakultet, University Zagreb, Kaciceva 26, 41000 Zagreb, Croatia, Ph: (38)-41-442-600 ext. 139, Fx: (38)-41445-410. Cross, Paul A. (Prof.), University of Newcastle-uponTyne, Dept. of Surveying, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU , Great Britain, Ph: (44)-91-2226000/6348, Fx: (44)-91-222-8691, Tx: 53643 UNrVEG

G,

Ero: [email protected]. Denker, Heiner (Dr.-Ing.), Universit~it Hannover, Institut flit Erdmessung, Nienburger Strasse 6, D30167 Hannover, Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)511,762-2796, Fx: (49)-511-762-4006, Tx: 923 868 UNIHN D, Ero: [email protected]. Dhaimat, Oqlah H. (Dr.Eng.), Royal Jordanian Geographic Centre, Director General, PO Box 414, A1 Jbeihah, Jordan, Ph: (962)-845188, Tx: 22472 JO. Dickey, Jean O. (Dr.), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 238-332, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena CA 91109, USA, Ph: (1)-818-354-3235/38, Fx: (1)818-393-6890, Tx: 675 429, Em: J O D ~ O G O S JPL.NASA.GOV. Direc~eur G6n~ral de I'IGN, Institut Gdographique National Guinder~ B.P. 159, Conakry, Guinea. Director of Survey Department, Ministry of Forestry Survey Department, Thirimingala Avenue, Kaba Aye Pagoda Road Yangon, Myanmar.

Dragomir, Vasile (Gen. It.), Institute of Geodynamics, 19-21 J.L. Calderon st., R-70201 Bucaresti 37, Romania. Elgered, Gunnar K. (Dr.), Onsala Space Observatory, Chalmers University of Technology, S-43900 Onsala, Sweden, Ph: (46)-300-60650, Fx: (46)-30062621, Tx: 2400 ONSPACE, Era: ONSALA@CCDIS1 (BITNET), CDD1S::ONSALA (SPAN). Engdahl, E.R. (Dr.), U.S. Geological Survey, MS 967, PO Box 25046, Denver CO 80225, USA, Ph: (1)-303-236-1506, Fx: (1)-303-236-1519, Ero: [email protected], IASPEI Secretary General. Feir, Renato B. (Commodore), Nation. Mapp. and Geod. Survey Inform. Authority, Director Coast and Geodetic Survey Dept., 421 Barraca St., San Nicolas 1010 Manila, Philippines, Ph: (63)-2484679/4748941, Fx: (63)-2-475645. Feissel, Martine (Dr.), Service International de la Rotation Terrestre, IERS Central Bureau, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France, Ph: (33)-1-4051-2226, Fx: (33)-1-4051-2291, Tx: OBS 270 776 F, Em: [email protected]. Forsberg, Rend (Dr.), Kort-og-Matrikelstyrelsen, Geodetic Division, Renteroestervej 8, DK- 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark, Ph: (45)-3587-5319, Fx: (45) 3587-5052, Tx: 15184 SEISMO DK, Em: [email protected]. Fritz, Lawrence W. (Mr.), Martin Marietta Corp., PO Box 8048-13A24, Philadelphia PA 19101, USA, Ph: (1)-610-531-3205, Fx: (1)-610-889-3296, ISPRS Secretary General. Gadsden, Michael (Dr.), Aberdeen University, Physics Unit, Aberdeen AB9 2UE, Great Britain, Ph: (44)738-440-358, Fx: (44)-738-440-450, IAGA Secretary General. Gasparini, Paolo (Prof.), University of Napoli, Dept. of Geophysics and Vulcanology, Largo san Marcellino 10, 1-80138 Napoli, Italy, Ph: (39)-81551-6200/6161/6166, Fx: (39)-81-552-7631, IAVCEI President. Geiger, Alain (Dr.), Institute ftir Geod~isie & Photogrammetrie, Federal Institute of Teclmolog /HPV G 56, ETH-Hdnggerberg, CH-8093 Ziirich, Switzerland, Ph: (41)-1-377-3244/2661, Fx: (41)-1371-2593, Tx: 823 480 EHEB CH, Era: PO5@CZHETH5A. Georgiev, N. (Prof.), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Central Laboratory for Geodesy, 1 November 7th str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, Ph: 72-08-41. Grafarend. Erik W. (Prof. Dr.-Ing.), Universit~t Stuttgart, Geod~itisches Institut, Keplerstrasse 11, D-70174 Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)-711-121-3390/89, Fx: (49)-711-121-3297, Tx: 721 703 UNIS D, Era: HAAA DSORUSII. G r a n t , Donald (Dr.), Dept. of Survey & Land Information, Research and Development, Thordon Quay PO Box 170, Wellington 6000, New Zealand, Ph: (64)-4-471-0380, Fx: (64)-4-495-8450, Era: DON@k/H.DO SLI.GOVT.NZ.

114 Grelot, Jean-Philippe (Mr.), Institut Ggographique National, 136 bis rue de Grenelle, 75700 Paris, France, Ph: (33)-1-4398-8295, Fx: (33)-1-43988400, ICA Secretary General. Groten, Erwin (Prof.Dr.-Ing.), Tectmische Hochschule Darmstadt, Institut ftir Physikalische Geodfisie, Petersenstrasse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)-6151-163109, Fx: (49)-6151164512, Tx: 419579 TH D, Em: XBR2D25B@DDATHD21. Gudmundsson, Agflst (Dr.), Iceland Geodetic Survey, Director, Laugavedur 178, 125 Reykjavik, Iceland, Ph: (354)-9-1-681611, Fx: (354)-9-1-680614. Harsson, Bjorn Geirr (Dr.), Statens Kartverk, Geodesy Division, Norwegian Mapping Authority, N-3500 Honefoss, Norway, Ph: (47)-321-18100, Fx: (47)321-18101. tleek, Bernhard (Prof.Dr.), Universit/it Karlsmhe, Geodatisches Institut, Englerstrasse 7 PO Box 6980, D-76128 Karlsruhe , Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)-721-608-3674, Fx: (49)-721-694552, Tx: 721 166 UNI KAR, Em: GO04@DKUNI2. Hein, Gtinter (Prof. Dr.-Ing.), Universittit der Bundeswehr Mtinchen, FK Bauingenieur-und Vermessungswesen, Wemer-Heisenberg-Weg 39, D85579 Neubiberg, Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)89-6004-3435/3017, Fx: (49)-89-6004-3560/3019, Tx: 5215800 BWD UNIBWM. Henneberg, Heinz (Prof.), Universidad del Zulia, Apartado 526, Escuela de Geodesia, YV-Maracaibo, Venezuela, Ph: (58)-61-61-0918, Fx: (58)-61-517252. Hernandez, Juan Perez (Lic.), Instituto de Geofisica y Astronomia, Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Ave 212 11°2906 c/29 y 31, La lisa Cuba Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. ltolota, Petr (Dr.), Res. Inst. of Geod. Topogr. and Cart., CS-250 66 Zdiby 98, Praha-Vychod, Czech Republic, Ph: (42)-2-685-7907/204-85235, Fx: (42)-2-685-7056/204-85236, Tx: 121 726 VDS C, Em: [email protected]. Hoskins, B.J. (Prof.), Department of Meteorology, PO Box 239, Reading RG6 2AU, Great Britain, Ph: (44)-734-318950, Fx: (44)-734-352604, IAMAP President_ H su, Houze (Prof.), Institute of Geodesy & Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, n° 54 Xudong Road, Wuhan Hubei, China, Ph: (86)-27813401, Fx: (86)-27-711242. James, Earl (Mr.), University of Canberra, PO Box 2, Belconnen ACT 2616, Australia, Ph: (61)-6-2532922, Fx: (61)-6-253-1741, FIG President. Jian Guo, Hu (prof.), Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping, 16 Beitaiping Rd., 100039 Beijing, China, Ph: (86)- 1-821-2277. Johnson, R.W. (prof.), Bureau of Mineral Resources, Division of Petrology and Geochemistry, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Ph: (61)-6249-9111/9377/9745, Fx: (61)-6-249-99-83, IAVCEI Secretary General.

Kadri, A. (Ing.), Service G6ographique de l'Arm6e, B.P. 3094, Damas, Syria. K a h l e , Hans-Gert (Prof.Dr.), Institute fiir Geod~sie&Photogrammetrie, Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-H6nggerberg, CH-8093 Ziirich, Switzerland, Ph: (41)-1-377-32-55, Fx: (41)-1-37125-93, Tx: 823 480 EHEB CH, Em: PO5@CZHETH5A. K a k k u r i , Johani (Prof.Dr.), Finnish Geodetic Institute, Director General FGI, Ilmalankatu 1A, SF-00240 Helsinki, Finland, Ph: (358)-0-410433, Fx: (358)-0-414946, Em: GEODEET F1NFUN. Keilis Borok, V.I. (Prof.), Institute of Physics of the Earth, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya 10, 123242 Moscow, Russia, Ph: (7)-95-2542403, Tx: 411196 IFZAN SU, IUGG Past President. K i r w a n , R.A. (Dr.), Ordnance Survey Office, Controller of Mapping, Phoenix Park, Dublin 8, Ireland, Ph: (353)-1-8206100, Fx: (353)-1-8204156. Kleusherg, Alfred (Prof.Dr.), University of New Bnmswick, Geodetic Research Laboratory, PO Box 4400, Fredericton N.B. E3B 5A3, Canada, Ph: (1)506-453-4698, Fx: (1)-506-453-4943, Tx: 014 46202, Em: [email protected]. Kukkam{iki, T.J. (Prof.), Finnish Geodetic Institute, Ilmalankatu 1A, SF-00240 Helsinki, Finland, Ph: (358)-0-410433, Fx: (358)-0-414946. Kuhn, Michael (Prof.), Institute of Meteorology, Inrain 52, A-6020 Innsbmck, Austria, Ph: (43)-512507-2183, Fx: (43)-512-507-2170, IAMAP Secretary General. Kunak, Ladislav (Dr.), Technical University, Letna 9, CS-04001 Kosice, Slovakia, ISM President. Kumar, Muneendra (Dr.), DMA/SC Merrifield, 10625 Wayridge Dr., Montgomery Village MD 20879, USA, Ph: (1)-703-285-9242/35, Fx: (1)-703-2859396. Landau, Herbert (Dr.), Terrasat GmbH, Director, Ottostrasse 84, D-85521 Ottobrunn, Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)-89-609-4732, Fx: (49)-89-6094869. Langley, Richard B. (Prof.), University of New Bnmswick, Dept. of Surveying Engineering, PO Box 4400, Fredericton N.B. E3B 5A3, Canada, Ph: (1)-506-453-5142, Fx: (1)-506-453-4943, Tx: 014 46202, Em: [email protected]. Lindsay, Graham K. (Mr.), University of Canberra, PO Box 2, Belconnen ACT 2616, Australia, Ph: (61)-6-253-2922, Fx: (61)-6-253-1741, FIG Secretaly General. L i n k w i t z , Klans (Prof.Dr.-Ing.), Universittit Stuttgart, Institut for Anwendungender Geodfisie im Bauwesen, Pfaffenwaldring 7 A, D-70569 Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)-711-6856610/6612, Fx: (49)-711-685-6670. Madsen, Frede (Dr.), Kort-og-Matrikelstyrelsen, Geodetic Division, Rentemestervej 8, DK- 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark, Ph: (45)-3587-5286, Fx: (45)-3587-5052, Tx: 15184 SEISMO DK, Em: [email protected].

115 Mainville, Andr6 (Dr.), Geodetic Survey of Canada, Geodetic Survey Division, 615 Booth street, Ottawa Ontario K1A OE9, Canada, Ph: (1)-613-995-4504, Fx: (1)-613-995-3215, Era: [email protected]. M a r s o n , Iginio (Prof.Dr.), Istituto di Miniere e Geofisica Applicata, Via A. Valerio 10, 34136 Trieste, Italy, Ph: (39)-40-6763478/479, Fx: (39)40-6763497, Tx: 460014 FISICA I, Era: MARS [email protected]. M a r t o n - L e f ~ v r e , Julia (Dr.)~ ICSU Secr6tafiat, Executive Director, 51 Blvd de Montmorency, 75016 Paris, France, Ph: (33)-1-4525-0329, Fx: (33)-1-4288-9431, Tx: ICSU 630 553 F, Em: [email protected], ICSU General Secretary. Massad, C. (Dr.), Comit6 National Libanais de G6ophysique, Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche Geophysiques, 165783 Beyrouth, Lebanon. M e l c h i o r , Paul (Prof.), Observatoire Royal de Belgique, International Center of Earth Tides, Avenue circulalre 3, B-1180 Bmxenes, Belgium, Ph: (32)-2-373-0267, Fx: (32)-2-3749822, Tx: 21565 OSBEL-B Molodensky, Serguei (Prof.), Institute of Physics of the Earth, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya 10, 123242 Moscow, Russia, Ph: (7)-95-2549195, Tx: 411196 IFSAN SU Monges Caldera, J. (Dr.), Insfituto de Geofisica, Ciudad universitaria, Delegacion de Coyoacan, Codigo 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico, Ph: 548-5892/550-52-15 ext. 4368, Tx: 01774523 UNA_MME. Morelli, Carlo (Prof.), Universita di Trieste, 1 Piazzale Europa, 34136 Trieste, Italy, Ph: (39)-4056034789, Tx: 460014 I. Mueller, Ivan I. (Prof.), The Ohio State University, Dept. of Geodetic Science & Surveying, 1958 Nell Avenue, Columbus OH 43210-1247, USA, Ph: (1)614-292-2269, Fx: (1)-614-292-2957, Tx: 245 334, Era: [email protected]. Mueneh, Robin D. (Dr.), SAIC, 13400B Northrnp Way Suite 36, Bellevue Washington 98005, USA, Ph: (1)-206-747-7152, Fx: (1)-206-747-9211, IAPSO President. M n r a i , Shunji (Prof.), Tokyo University, 7-22 Roppongi Minatoku, Tokyo J-106, Japan, Ph: (81)33-402-6231, Fx: (81)-33-479-2762, Tx: 72 0242 7317 KOMSUR J, ISPRS President. Murigande, C. (Dr.), Institut G6ographique du Burundi, B.P. 34, Gitega, Btmmdi, Ph: (257)-0402248. Tx: BDI 27. Nagar, Vinay Kant (Mr.), Survey of India, Surveyor General of India, PO Box 77 17 East Canal Road, Dehra Dun-248001, India, Ph: (91)-24528, Tx: 0585-218 SRVY IN. Najafi Almandari, M. (Dr.), University Complex of Engineering and Technology, 1346 ValiarsMirdamad Intersection, Teheran, IrarL Nary, Herilalao Iarivo (Mr.), Institut G6oddsique et Hydrographique National, F.T.M., B.P. 323,

Antananarivo 101, Madagascar, Ph: (261)-2-229-35, Fx: (261)-2-252-64, Nastratullah, (Mr.), Survey of Pakistan, Deputy Director, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Ney, B. (Prof.), Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, U1 Jasna 2/4, PL-00-950 Warsaw, Poland, Ph: 2703-28, Tx: 812 355 PPQK PL. Nguyen M a n h Due, (Dr.), Centre National de la Recherche du Vietnam, Centre de Recherche G6ophysique, Nghia d6 Tu Li~rn, Hanoi, Vietnam, Ph; 52380, Tx: 4525 ACAVINAVT. Nikolaev, A.V. (Prof.), Institute of Physics of the Earth, Academy of Sciences, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya 10, 123242 Moscow , Russia, Ph: (7)-95-2549072, Fx: (7)-95-271-3028, IASPEI President. Njau, E.N. (Dr.), Surveys&Mapping Division, Director, PO Box 9201, Dar es Salam, Tanzania. Obel, J.D. (Dr0, Survey of Kenya,. PO Box 30046, Nairobi, Kenya, Ph: 802241/42/45. O'Donnell, J.H. (Dr.), Geomatics Canada Natural Resources, Assitant Deputy Minister, 580 Booth street, Ottawa Ontario K1A OE4, Canada, Ph: (1)613-995-4449, Fx: (1)-613-995-0842, Era: [email protected], IUSM Secretary General Okubo, Shuhei (Prof.), Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113, Japan, Ph: (81)-3-3812-2111, Fx: (81)3-5689-4467. Oroz, Reynaldo (Dr.), Instituto Geografico Militar, Estado Mayor, PO Box 6741, La Paz, Bolivia. Ozaydin, Dogan (Lt. Col. Eng.), General Command of Mapping, Harita Genel Komutanligi, 06100 Cebeci Ankara, Turkey, Ph: (90)-312-319-7740 ext. 250, Fx: (90)-312-320-1495. Paewpisakun, Paew (Lt. Gen,), Royal Thai Survey Department, Supreme Command Headquaters, Kalayanamaitri Rd, Bangkok 10200, Tb~tiland. Pallej/l, E. (Dr.), Juncal 3699 P10, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Ph: (54)-71-1714. Phquet, Paul (Prof.), Observatoire Royal de Belgique, Avenue circulaire 3, B-1180 Bruxelles, Belgium, Ph: (32)-2-373-0211, Fx: (32)-2-374-9822, Tx: 21565 OBSBEL B, Era: [email protected]. Persson, Glas-G0ran (Dr,), National Land Survey of Sweden, S-80! 82 G~vle, Sweden, Ph: (46)-26153000, Fx: (46)-26-106232, Tx" 47359 LMV S. Pinto, Jos6 (Dr.), Military Geographic Institute, Nueva Santa Isabel 1640, RCH-21 Santiago, Chile. P o d e r , Knud (Dr,), Kort-og-Matrikelstyrelsen, Geodetic Division, Rentemestervej 8, DK- 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark, Ph: (45)-3587-5251, Fx: (45)-3587-5052, Tx: 15184 SEISMO DK, Em: KP@K~M&MIN:DK. Podmore, Francis (Dr.), University of Zimbabwe, Dept. of Physics, PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant Harare, Zimbabwe, Ph: (263)-4-303211 ext. 1629, Fx" (263)-4-333407, Tx: 4152 ZW, Em: [email protected].

116

President Directeur G~n~ral OTC, Office de la Topographic et de la Cartographic, Cit60lympique PO Box-1080, Tunis, Tunisia, Tx: 14129. Prilepin, Mikhail T. (Prof.), National Geophysical Comittee of Russia, Acad. of Sci. Molodezhnaya 3, 117296 Moscow GSP-1, Russia, Ph: (7)-95-9300546, Fx: (7)-95-930-5509, Tx: 411478 NGS RF, Era: [email protected]. R e i g b e r, Christoph (Prof.Dr.), GeoForschnungsZentrum Potsdam, Bereich 1, Telegrafenberg A17, D-14473 Potsdam, Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)-331-310-323, Fx: (49)-331310-648, Em: [email protected]. I/des, John C. (Dr.), University of Texas, Center for Space Research, PO Box 1085, Austin Texas 78712, USA, Ph: (1)-512-471-5573, Fx: (1)-512471-3570, Tx: 704265 CSRUTX UD, Em: RIES @UTCSR.AE.UTEXAS.EDU. R o b a y s h i , S. (Dr.), Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Deputy Minister, PO Box 247, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Rfieger, Jean M. (Assoc. Prof.), University of New South Wales, School of Surveying, PO Box 1, Kensington NSW 2033, Australia, Ph: (61)-26974173, Fx: (61)-2-6977493, Tx: 26054 AA. R u m m e l , R. (Prof.Dr.), Technische Universitgt Mt~nchen, Inst. of Astr. & Phys. Geodesy, Arcisstrasse 21, D-80290 MOnchen, Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)-89-21053190, Fx: (49)-8921053178, Tx: 522854 TUMUE D. Sansg, Fernando (Prof.), Politecnico di Milano, Ambientale e del Rilevamento, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 1-20133 Milano, Italy, Ph: (39)-2-23996504/6506, Fx: (39)-2-2399-6530, Tx: 333 467 POLIMI I, Era: GEOPOLI@IMICLVX BITNET. S e h r a m a , Ernst J.O. (Dr.), Delft University of Technology, Dept. of Geodesy, Thijsseweg 11, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands, Ph: (31)-15-78-91-11, Fx: (31)-15-78-23-48, Tx: 38151 BUTUD NL, Em: [email protected]. Sehutz, Bob E. (Prof.), University of Texas, Center for Space Research, PO Box 1085, Austin Texas 78712, USA, Ph: (1)-512-471-5573, Fx: (1)-512471-3570, Tx: 704265 CSRUTX UD, Era: [email protected]. Sehwarz, Klans-Peter (Prof. Dr.), University of Calgary, Dept. of Surveying Engineering, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada, Ph: (1)-403-220-7377, Fx: (1)-403-2841980, Tx: UNIV CGY 038-21545, Era: [email protected]. CA. Segawa, Jiro (Prof.), Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 15-1 1 Chome Minamidai, Nakano-ku Tokyo 164 , Japan, Ph: (81)-3-53516430, Fx: (81)-3-3377-3293. Sequeira, Y.A. (Cor.), Servicio Geogr~fico Militar, 8 de Octubre 3255, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay, Ph: 816810. Sevilla, Miguel J. (Prof.), Instituto de Astronomia y Geodesia, Faculta de Cieneias Matematicas,

Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Ph: (34)-1-3944582, Fx: (34)-1-3944607, Tx: 41802 UCMAT E, Em: [email protected]. S h a m i r , Uri (Dr.), Technion-lsrael Institute of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, IL32000 Haifa , Israel, Ph: (972)-4-292239, Fx: (972)-4-292239, Em: CVRUSUS@TECHNION, IAHS President. Shum, Che-Kwan (Dr.), University of Texas, Center for Space Research, PO Box 1085, Austin Texas 78712, USA, Ph: (1) -512-471-5573, Fx: (1) -512471-3570, Tx: 704265 CSRUTX UD, Em: [email protected]. Sideris, Michael G. (Prof.Dr.), University of Calgary, Dept. of Sulveying Engineering, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada, Ph: (1)-403-220-4985, Fx: (1)-403-284-1980, Tx: UNIV CGY 038-21545, Em: [email protected]. Spoelstra, T.A.Th. (Dr.), Netherlands Foundation for Res. in Astronomy, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands, Ph: (31)-5219-7244, Fx:(31)-5219-7332, Tx: 42043 SRZN NL, Em: [email protected]. Stevenson, Robert E. (Dr.), PO Box 1161, Del Mar CA 92014-1161, USA, Ph: (1)-619-481-0850, Fx: (1)-619-481-6938, IAPSO Secretary General. Siinkel, Hans (Prof. Dr.), Technische Universi~t Graz, Dept. of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Steyrergasse 30, A-8010 Graz, Austria, Ph: (43)316-873-6346, Fx: (43)-316-813-247, Tx: 311 211 TU GRAZ A, Em: SUNKEL@)~TUG.DNET.TU GRAZ.AC.AT. Takemoto, Syuzo (Prof.), Kyoto University, Department o f Geophysics, Oiwake-cho Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606, Japan, Ph: (81)-75-753-3912, Fx: (81)-75-753-3917/711-1374, Tx: 5422302 SCIKYU J. Tanaka, Torao (Prof.), Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611, Japan, Ph: (81)-774-33-4720, Fx: (81)-774-32-4115/330726, Tx: 5453638 UCLKU J, Era: [email protected]. T a w f i q , N. (Dr.), Salah Elding University, Engineering College, Erbil, Imq. Taylor, D.R. Frayser (Prof.), Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada, Ph: (1)-613-788-2519, Fx: (1)-613788-2521, Em: FRASER-TAYLOR @CARLETON.CA, ICA President. Tealeb, Ali Abd E1 Azim (Prof.), National Research Institute of Astronomy&Geophysics, Head of Dept. of Geomagnetism Gravimetry&Geodesy, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt, Ph: (202)-780645/780046, Fx: (202)-782683, Tx: 93070 HIAG UN. Teunissen, Peter J.G. (Prof.Dr.Ir.), Delft University of Technology, Delft of Geodetic Engineering DGCC (LGR), Thijsseweg 11, NL-2629 JA Delft,

117 The Netherlands, Ph: (31)-15-782558, Fx: (31)-15783711, Tx: 38151 BUTUD NL, Era: L [email protected]. T h i a m , S.M. (Mr.), Minist6re de l'Equipement, Service G6ographique, B.P. 740, Dakar, Senegal. Thomas, Claudine (Mrs.), Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Responsable Section du temps, Pavilion de Breteuil, F-92312 S6vres Cedex, France, Ph: (33)-1-45077073, Fx: (33)-1-45342021, Tx: 631351 F BIPM, Era: BIPM@MESIOB. OB SPM.CIRCE.FR. T i k d i r i n e , Lahsen (Mr.), Universit6 Hassan II, Service de la G6od6sie, 31 avenue Hassan I, MARabat, Morocco, Ph: (212)-77-67021, Fx: (212)-7765885, Tx: DCFTT 32868 M. Torge, Wolfgang (Prof.), Universit~it Hannover, Institut fiir Erdmessung, Nienburger Strasse 6, D30167 Hannover, Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)511-762-2794/2795, Fx: (49)-511-762-4006, Tx: 923868 UNIHN D. T o r i m , Ants (Dr.), Institute of Astrophysics &Astmospheric Physics, Estonian Acad. of Sciences, EE-2444 T6ravere, Tartumaa, Estonia, Ph: (372)-34-10130, Fx: (372)-34-10205. Torres, Joao Agria (Dr.), Instituto Geografico e Cadastml, Praqa da Estrela, 1200 Lisboa, Portugal, Ph: (351)-1-609925/6, Fx: (351)-1-3970248. Tscherning, Carl Christian (Prof.), University of Copenhagen, Geophysical Department, Haraldsgade 6, DK-2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark, Ph: (45)-35320582, Fx: (45)-35-822565. Tx: 16 469 UCPHGI DK, Era: [email protected]. Unis, Muftah (Dr.), Survey of Libya, Secretaire G6n6ral de rOACT, PO Box 2043, Tripoli, Libya, Ph: (218)-21-833032, Fx: (218)-21-833-031. van T w e m b e k e , U. (Prof.Dr.), Ecole Royale Militaire, Dept. de G6od6sie, Avenue de la Renaissance 30, 1040 Bruxelles, Belgium, Ph: (32)2-735-51-52 ext 2680, Fx: (32)-2-735-24-21, Tx: 63756 KMS ERM, Era: [email protected]. Vanicek, Petr (Prof.), University of New Brunswick, Dept. of Surveying Engineering, PO Box 4400, Fredericton N.B. E3B 5A3, Canada, Ph: (1)-506453-5144, Fx: (1)-506-453-4943, Tx: 01446202, Era: [email protected]. CA. Veis, Georges (Prof.), National Technical University of Athens, Higher Geodesy Laboratory, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Str., GR-15773 Zographou Athens, Greece, Ph: (30)-1-777-3613, Fx: (30)-1-770-8550, Tx: 215032 GEO GR. Villanueva, Klaas J. (Mr.), Bandung Institute of Technology, Jurusan Teknik Geodesi FTPSP-ITI3, Jalan Ganesha 10, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia, Ph: (62)-22-82116, Fx: (62)-22-431792. W i l l i a m s , Donald J. (Prof.), John Hopkins University, Applied Physical Laboratory, John Hopkins Rd., Laurel MD 20723, USA, Ph: (1)301-953,5405, Fx: (1)-301-953-6904, Era: APLSP::WILLIAMZ, IAGA President.

Wyllie, Peter .J. (Dr.), California Institute of Technology, Geological and Planetary Sciences, Pasadena CA 91125, USA, Ph: (1)-818-356-6461, Fx: (1)-818-568-0935, Tx: 3730923, IUGG Vice President. Vyskocil, Pavel (Prof.), Res. Inst. of Geod. Topogr. and Cart., Director of ICRCM, CS-250 66 Zdiby 98, Praha-Vychod, Czech Republic, Ph: (42)-2-6857965, Fx: (42)-2-685-7056, Tx: 121330 SEIS C. Weightman, Jack A. (Dr.), Molibns, Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors, 44 Aytoun road Pollockshields, GB-G41 5HN Glasgow Scotland, Great Britain, Ph: (49)-41-423-8290, Fx: (49)-41337-2699. Wenzel, Hans-Georg (Prof. Dr.-Ing.), Universit~it Karlsruhe, Geod~tisches Institut, Englerstrasse 7 PO Box 6980, D-76128 Karlsruhe , Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)-721-608-2307, Fx: (49)-721694-552, Tx: 721166 UNIKAR, Era: [email protected]. Whitten, Charles A. (Dr.), NOAA (RET), 9606 Sntherland road, Silver Spring MD 20901, USA, Ph: (1)-301-585-5250. Willis, Pascal (Dr:), Institut G6ographique National, LAREG, 2 Avenue Pasteur B.P. 68, 94160 SaintMand6, France, Ph: (33)-1-43988329, Fx: (33)-143988488/8053, Tx: SMD IGN 210 551 F, Era: [email protected]. Wilson, Peter (Dr.), lnstitut fiir Angewandte Geod/isie, Richard Strauss Allee 11, D-6000 Frankfurt am main 70, Fed. Rep. of Germany, Ph: (49)-69-6333260, Fx: (49)-69-633-3425, Tx: 413592. W o n n a e o t t , Richard (Mr.), Surveys & Land Information, Private Bag X 10~ 7705 Mowbray, South Africa, Ph: (27)-21-685-4070, Fx: (27)-21689-1351. Woodworth, P.L. (Dr.), Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Director Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level, Birkenhead, Merseyside L43 7RA, Great Britain, Ph: (44)-653-8633, Fx: (44)-653-6269, Era: 628591OCEANB G. Yokoyama, Koichi (Dr.), National Astronomical Observatory, Division of Earth Rotation, Mizusawa-shi Iwate-ken 023, Japan, Ph: (81)-19724-7111/32, Fx: (81)-197-23-5156/20, Era: (Telemail) MIZUSAWA. Yunck, Thomas (Dr.), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 238-640, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena CA 91109, USA, Ph: (1)-818-354-4321, Fx: (1)-818393-4965, Era: [email protected].

Special A n n o u n c e m e n t The Faculty of Civil and Surveying Engineering of Stuttgart University announces the open position of a C4 - Professorship Application o f Geodesy to civil Engineering (succeeding Pro£Dr.milt. K. Linkwitz)

118 from the Winter Semester 1994/1995. The professorship includes the directorship of the institute named identically. The lecture duties of the professorship include Surveying (to students of Surveying Engineering as well as of Civil Engineering, Architecture, in particular for the English language course Infractructure Planning), adjustment theory, engineering geodesy, geodetic measurement techniques, computer applications. In research emphazize is on applications of geodesy in civil Engineering and other engineering sciences. Interdisciplinary cooperation is required. Applications (CV, publications list, samples of most important scientific publications) should be sent up to 30 April 1994 to : Professor Dr.-Ing. Gerhard Heimerl Institut ffir Eisenbahn-und Verkehrswesen Universit~it Stuttgart Posfach 80 11 40 70511 Stuttgart

Reports of lAG symposia Report Of The 8th International Symposium On Recent Crustal Movements. Prepared by T. Tanaka (President of CRCM,

IAG).

The 8th International Symposium on Recent Crustal Movements was held at the International Conference Center Kobe in Kobe City, Japan from December 6 to 11, 1993 under the auspices of IAG (International Association of Geodesy), Commission VII (Recent Crustal Movements) of the IAG, the National Committee for Geodesy, Science Council of Japan, and the Geodetic Society of Japan. 189 researchers and 8 accompanied persons attended the Symposium from 23 countries. A pre-symposium field tour was organized and 16 persons visited the Yamasaki fault which is one of most geographically and seimologically striking active faults in Japan and along which various geodetic, geophysical, geological and geochemical investigations have been carried out as a test field for earthquake prediction under the Japanese Earthquake Prediction Program. After the Symposium, 5 people joined in the postsymposium trip to visit the Neo-dani Fault which had generated the great 1891 Nobi earthquake (M8.0), the biggest intra-plate earthquake in Japa~

On December 12, a public lecture about topics of modern crustal movement research was held commemorating the Symposium. More than 150 citizens and students attended and listened to the lectures given by Ishii, H. and Vanicek, P. The Symposium was started by two Special lectures, "Recent crustal movement studies: One view from a transform boundary" by Agnew,D.C. and "Crustal deformation studies in the plate convergent area - Japanese Islands - "by Kato,T. The following are the session summaries reported by convenors:

Session A: Crustal movements converging plate boundaries (Convenors: Shichi, R. and Kasahara, M.)

around

For the session A, twenty-seven papers were accepted and seven among them were cancelled. Fifteen oral and five poster presentations were given. In this session, were presented many theses on the crustal movements that were combined with various study fields, such as continuous observation of crustal movements, geodetic surveys including gravity and GPS observations, seismological or geological prospectings and so on. Two papers related to repeated precise gravity observations were presented. One was in the Friuli seismic risk area, Italy, by Groten et al., and the other was in a seismic risk zone of Tokai District, Japan by Nakai et al. Satomura et al. told some characteristic local tilt motion in the seismic risk zone of Tokai District. They implicated it as an active fold in correlation with the regional tectonic movements associated with subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. Nakano et al. reported comparative tidal analyses of the water-tube tiltmeter data at two stations in Tokai District. Iakovlev et al. introduced a newly developed strainmeter and its response characteristics with a vibrator. Yamauchi proposed an effective simulation method to eliminate rainfall-cansed noise on the extensometer records. Miura et al. investigated postseismic after-effects of strain commonly observed on the extensometers at different observatories, that followed by earthquakes with magnitude around 7. They compared the effects with source mechanism by the seismic moment tensor inversions of respective earthquakes. Two papers concerned with the crustal movement in Shikoku area, southwest Japan were reported by Sagiya et al. and Fukahata et al. They analyzed from respective independent standpoints, 8 times of the leveling data obtained during the last one hundred years that covered the whole area of Shikoku District. Shimada and Rosenblatt reported regional crustal movement before and after the seismo-volcanic event in July 1989 east of Izu peninsula, Japan. The data they used were of the GPS fixed-point networks in

119 the south Kanto District. Next two talks were on the seismic topics of two great earthquakes that took place in Hokkaido with magnitude 7.8 in 1993. Hashimoto et al. proposed respective seismic fault models to explain focal mechanisms and the crustal movements associated with them Kinugasa et al. analyzed the crustal movement in Oknshiri Island associated with the Hokkaido-Nausei-Oki earthquake by measuring the height of shell colonies on the uplifted shore. They told that this crustal movement well agreed with the trend of Quaternary crustal movements in this area. "A new map of recent vertical crustal movements in Canada" was introduced by Carrela and Vanicek. They told that a considerably large number of database was assembled than the former compilation in 1980. They described that some geophysical features such as post glacial rebounds are readily apparent in the new map. Wassef reported the program on recent crustal movements in Africa and the present state of international corporations. Kahar et al. reported GPS campaign for crustal deformation monitoring in West Jawa, Indonesia that has being promoted under the international cooperation between Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan and the Institute of Technology in Bandung, Indonesia. Following five papers were presented as posters. Shichi et al. presented several kinds of large sized precise gravity anomaly maps in Southwest Japan. Many clear gravimetric features that may be correlated with recent crustal movements can be seen elsewhere on those maps. Two presentations on the tectonic studies m and around Beppu Bay, eastern end of the BeppuShimabara Graven, central Kyushu, Japan were given. This part of the graven is known as the largest geothermal area in Japanese Island. One was on the gravity features by Fuknda etal., and the other was on the seismic prospectings combined with gravity survey by Takemum et al. Otsuka presented some rheological characteristics of the crust revealed by continuous observation of strain carried out in a fractured zone of active fault in Kobe, Japan. Ohya presented a characteristic after-effect phenomenon on the strain records followed by near-field earthquakes at the Miyazald Observatory on the east coast of Kyushu, Japan+

Session B: Interplate and global-scale crustal movements and their geodynamic and tectonic backgrounds (Convenors: Heki, K. and Foulger, G,R.) Seventeen papers were accepted for this session. Two papers were cancelled and fifteen papers were presented. Ten of them were presented orally and five of them were presented as posters. The first three talks (KEN; Foulger et al.;Ward) were on the plate boundary processes at convergent,

divergent and transcurrent boundaries respectively observed by space geodetic techniques. Heki reviewed velocity vectors of world-wide VLBI stations and emphasized that rheology beneath arcs should be studied more to interpret displacements of VLBI points on island arcs. Foulger etal. reported recent results of GPS surveys at a divergent plate boundary in NE Iceland. They suggested that viscoelasticity plays an important role in the postrifting crustal deformation 1987-1992. Ward, using an inversion scheme to convert length and transverse components of baseline changes to station velocities, reviewed VLBI observations made in the western North America and discussed their relationships with a plate motion model. He also suggested that the Adriatic Sea moves as a microplate from VLBI observations in the Mediterranean regiorL The next two talks discussed more specific issues in a subduction zone. Kawasaki et al. proposed that small seismic coupling in the Pacific coast of the Northeast Japan could be explained by slow earthquakes. Matsu'ura and Sato tried to explain the surface topography in an island arc with a model based on the elastic dislocation theory. There were two papers by Chinese researchers on the establishment of kinematic reference frames using VLBI/SLR (Sun and Zhao) and SLR (Wu and Pen) data. Around Japanese Islands, two space geodetic observations of crustal movements were reported, namely the movement of Minarni-Torishima Island (Koyama and Heki) and the coseismic movement associated with the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki earthquake (Kojin et al.). Vertical crustal movements were reported in the Tibetan Plateau (Hsu et al.) and in Hungary (Joo and Monhor). Space geodetic geoid determination was reported by Yamam0to etal.. A migrating seismicity much slower than seismic waves but faster than known stress diffusion phenomena was reported by Ouchi,

Session C: Application o f space techniques and other advanced technologies to observations (Convenors: Mumkami, M. and Hein, G.W.) Although still a lot of problems have to be solved in particular with respect to the vertical component, GPS has been proven to be already an effective tool in crustal deformation monitoring which can be applied on a routine basis. At the same time it is also clear that VLBI and SLR are still necessary and important techniques l) to define the absolute reference coordinates frame that GPS data needs to refer to, and 2) to perform measurements with the highest accuracy. Synthetic aperture radar (SAlt) interferometry seems to be a new promising technique to map regional

120 displacement fields as shown by its application to deformation caused by Landers earthquake in California.

mathematical modeling to retrieve deformation from observations.

Withdrawn papers are C17, C23, C24 and C25.

Both gave an explanatory talk on the recent advances and future works to be done on dislocation theory. Okada made a Monte Carlo simulation study on expected order of magnitude of crustal movements in a statistical sense when magnitude and epicentral distance are given. Sasai reported co-seismic piezomagnetic change in a closed form and its application to volcanic eruption. He pointed out that we should recognize the geomagnetic and gravity changes as well as the displacement and stress/strain field constitute very useful observables to study the crustal movements. Okubo presented a recipe to compute co-seismic displacement field in a spherically symmetric model. Huang modeled gravity changes before Tangshan earthquake in 1976 as a result of fault creep before the earthquake. Chen and Ishii developed a method to estimate regional stress by observing deformation during drilling a tunnel. They showed that their method gave a result consistent with that derived from hydraulic fracturing. Sato et al. used 3-D FEM to model the deformation on the Himalayas and Tibetan plateau. Miyashita and Miura also used a 3-D FEM to model the deformation around the subducting slab of the Philippine Sea plate.

Session D: Prediction o f earthquakes volcanic eruptions (Convenors: Okada,Y. and Tada, T.)

and

In the Session D, 9 oral and 4 poster presentations were given. Liu discussed earthquake prediction in China from a statistical viewpoint using self-regressive method, while Xu reported dangerous area in China from a geological point of view. Tealeb introduced the present stage and prospect for recent crustal movement studies around seismoactive areas in Egypt, especially around Aswan area. Prilepin proposed the construction of static "geo-stations" to detect earthquake forenmners from GPS deformation measurements. Against his idea, there was a discussion that kinematic positioning technique is more important for earthquake prediction. Fujii related Akaishi mountain uplift to the crustal deformations in the future Tokai earthquake area, central Japan, and proposed a creep dislocation model to interprete them. Nakata et al. reported the result of seismic profiling in Beppu bay, Kyushu, Japan, and showed the characteristic and time-predictable seismic behavior of the submarine active faults. As to the crustal movements around Kobe City, Omura discussed the spatial distribution of tidal deformations in the Rokko fault system, while Takemoto et al. introduced continuous monitoring of crustal strains with a laser strainmeter and Fujimori et al. reported the results of geodetic measurements on a network across the Yamasaki fault. Regarding to the prediction of volcanic eruptions, 4 posters were presented from Japanese colleagues. Volcanic crustal movements which are just on-going at northeastern Izu peninsula, central Japan, and Unzen Vocano, Kyushu, Japan were respectively reported by Hashimoto et al. and Tada et al.. Kikuchi showed the results of continuous observation using water-tube tiltmeters and extensometers at Volcano Aso, Kyushu, Japan. Suzuki-Kamata et al. analyzed components of lithic fragments and discussed the eruption sequence and structure of Crater Lake caldera in Oregon, U.S.A.

Session E: Modeling of crustal movements by advanced numerical calculation Techniques (Convenors: Vanicek, P. and Okubo, S.) In this session were reported on two topics, namely 1) physical treatment of deformation field and 2)

Lai et al. reported a result of GPS campaign in Yunnan, China. Vanicek and Carrera treated sea level records. They showed that the regional correction matrices is quite useful to select optimal paring of tide gauge stations in order to obtain the most accurate velocity differences. Liu discussed modeling of crustal movements by fitting method of multiquadrinc functions. Xu discussed testability, datum definitions, coordinate systems and free net adjustment.

Session F: Causality between plate driving forces and crustal movements (Convenors: Kahle, H.-G. and Kawasaki, I.) This session provided valuable information on deep reaching process causing lithospheric plate movements and interplate deformations mostly associated with earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Hirahara reported on the motion of the Philippine Sea plate (PHS). It was detected with GPS observations in the Nansei-Shotou region, SW Japan, where the PHS is subducting along the Ryukyu trench beneath the Eurasian Plate (EUR). The convergence rate and direction are 6.4 cm/yr and N53°W. Important plate tectonic background for the Arc-Arc Junction in the NE termination of the Ryukyu trench was presented by Kamata. A tectonic model was discussed to explain the complicated present-day geodynamic frame; Oblique subduction under the SW Japan Arc resulted in formation of dextral faults and a volcano-tectonic depression. Normal subduction prevails under the

121 Ryukyu Arc where back-arc spreading takes place at the Okinawa Trough. The Tokai region in Central Japan is another area of interest where forthcoming earthquakes are expected. Different observation techniques as well as results have been presented by Tada. The urgent need for deformation monitoring in the East African Rift system was put forward by Aseno and Saburi. The East African Rift Valley (EARV) System is the most prominent tectonic transcontinental feature in Africa. In both papers proposals for undertaking the needed geodetic monitoring were presented. Realizing the need for geodetic information to corroborate the available geophysical evidence Aseno proposed in his paper a procedure of observational design and statistical analysis of the Kenyon Rift deformation data. In addition the benefits of such a project were discussed including reduction of risks to human life in case of natural catastrophe, aiding economic planning and aiding academic research and development. For Tanzania, Saburi concluded that the crustal motion be depicted in terms of strain parameters, that GPS be deployed using an Active Control System (ACS) and that gravity observations be carried out together with the GPS observations. Geller emphasized in his presentation the problem of earthquake energy and tectonic stress. In his contribution he clarified the definition of "tectonic stress" and related it to the critical problem of its interrelationship with "earthquake energy" Kahle et al. described the present state of the central Alpine/Mediterranean GPS network in the frame of NASA's "Dynamics of the Solid Earth"(DOSE) project. Recent results from GPS measurements were presented in terms of displacement fields, strain - and stress tensors as well as density of strain energy. The findings were discussed with respect to seismicity and seismic hazard. Overall this session initiated fruitful discussions and provided interesting new data and ideas about ongoing geodynamic processes in subduction zones and continental rift systems.

Session G: Loading crustal deformations due to global sea level rise and fall to be caused by global environmental changes (Convenors: Groten, E. and Nakahori, Y.)

TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data. Kuroishi et al. discussed the gravimetric geoid in Japan to discriminate the sea level changes from ocean dynamics. Mazzega introduced an international project of Accurate Tidal Gravity in Antarctica (ATGIA).

Session H: Quaternary crustal m o v e m e n t s (Convenors: Nelson, A. and Ota, Y.) Session H sought to offer a long-term perspective on the modern-day crustal movements discussed in other sessions. The session began with a series of talks and a poster about slip on active faults in China, Japan, Italy, Greece, and New Zealand during the late Holocene, The highlight of these talks was slides showing surface scarps and other evidence of large earthquakes in the past few hundred years. Unfortunately, three posters could not be presented by Russian colleagues. After lunch the focus shifted to the rapidly uplifting coasts of Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, Chile, California, and Italy. Common themes in these talks were how to relate the uplift of marine terraces to deformation on shallow or deep faults or folds during the Holocene and Quaternary and how to distinguish periods of accelerated uplift over time spans of a few thousand to a few hundred years. The session concluded with four papers that related modem and historic deformation on active folds and faults in Japan an Greece to the style of deformation and tectonic evolution of those regions. Speakers presented many different topics of interest to the geomorphologists, paleoseismologists, geologists, geodesists, and others in attendance, but in many talks discussions centered around several unresolved issues including: how to distinguish between coseismic and aseismic (here aseismic means below the detection level for moderate-sized earthquakes) deformation on active structures; how coseismic faults unconnected to seismogenic faults can be identified and classified; how slip is distributed along and across wide fault zones; whether or not earthquakes of a given size are characteristic of particular active structures; how to distinguish local from regional mechanisms of uplift; and whether offset landforms spaced every few thousand years along or above faults and folds indicate very large earthquakes with a reccurrence of thousands of years or many small earthquakes that occur far more frequently -perhaps both large and small earthquakes occur in many are.as.

Five papers were presented in the session G. All three posters were cancelled. Marson stated the importance of absolute gravity for monitoring of sea level changes, status of absolute gravity measurement techniques and implementation plan in the Mediterranean area. Kaidzu et al. showed that gravity changes in Tsukuba is correlated with changes in ground water level. Doi estimated the gravity changes due to sea level change obtained from

If a consensus was reached by participants in Session H it was of the need for greater collaboration between geographers and geologists studying earth deformation over periods of hundreds to hundreds of thousands of years with geodesists and geophysicists studying modem deformation and other specialists (for example, archeologists). There was much evidence of the considerable time invested by speakers in Session H

122 to make their presentations interesting and informative; we thank them for their efforts to make Session H so successful. Finally, resolutions were approved at the closing session as follows: RESOLUTIONS The 9~rticinllnts of the "Eiehth Internationld Sympq~ipm on Rgf~nt Crustal Movements",

#1 notin~ the objectives of Commission VII and the role of the International Center on Recent Crustal Movements as stipulated in the Statutes and By-laws of the IAG approved by the General Assembly in Vienna, the tasks assigned to the ICRCM, and the resolutions of the Seventh International Symposium on Recent Crustal Movements, wish to express their appreciation of the effective way by which ICRCM is discharging its responsibilities toward the promotion of the objectives of the Commision in Africa, express the wish that this activity be continued and expanded into other parts of the world. #2 recalling the resolution Number 6 of the Seventh International Symposium on Recent Crustal Movements on the monitoring of the East African Rift Valley deformations, urges the authorities in Kenya and Tanzania, and the Commission, to give high priority and adequate technical and financial support to the implementation of that resolution. #3 noting the increasing value of the application of extraterrestrial positioning techniques, such as SLR, VLBI and GPS, for the deformation of the ongoing movements of the major lithospherie plates, reco~nizin~ the lack of such measurements on the African, South-American, Antarctic, Indian, Cocos and Caribbean plates, recommend that (i) National governments facilities the geodetic activities related to these measurements; (ii) the CRCM seek cooperation of the pertinent institutions equipped with mobile Lasers and Radiotelescopes as well as GPS receivers to develop a strategy for deployment of their equipment on these plates. #4 noting the importance of high-accuracy monitoring of temporal gravity variations to study the physical causes of lithospheric deformations, the

availability of absolute gravity meters of very high precision, which, in combination with extraterrestrial positioning techniques provide a powerful tool for this purpose, urges (i) that absolute gravity be monitored at selected VLBI/SLR/GPS stations; (ii) that permanently operating (relative) gravity meters be compared periodically against visiting absolute gravity meters; (iii) ground water level and meteorological parameters be recorded simultaneously with the gravity measurements. #5 noting that major recent geodynamic processes are associated with high potential of seismic and volcanic hazards, recognizing the increasing availability of geodetic apace techniques (SLR, VLBI, GPS) and the development of new remote sensing techniques (such as SAR image interferometry), recommend that national and international funding agencies promote and facilitate the worldwide determination of strain rate tensors and seismic stress release as a major contn'oution to research dedicated to the prediction of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions as well as to dynamic modelling of the deforming lithospheric plates and microplates. #6 n o t i n g that high precision geodetic measurements for the determination of deformation parameters had been carried out mostly in the boundary areas of lithospheric plates, r e c o m m e n d to the national agencies that the intraplate areas already covered by classical terrestrial networks be remeasured with high precision geodetic techniques, such as GPS, to study intraplate deformations. #7 considering the importance of geodetic data for crustal movement studies, request the national geodetic agencies holding such as data to make them available in digital f o r m if possible, to the 18 scientific community, not later than one year after measurements. #8 wish to express their appreciation and heartfelt thanks for the excellent organization, hospitality and cordial atmosphere to the Local Organizing Committee, the City of Kobe and to all the supporting organizations.

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Further informations can be obtained from : Dr. Peter Wilson and the Institute of Applied Astronomy in Russia.

Symposia announcements W e g e n e r 1994. St-Petersburg, Russia 1994

,

June

20-24,

Objectives : This is the 6th Meeting of WEGENER to be used as a forum for discussing current progress in meeting the aims of the programme, for reporting latest results and reviewing Working Group policies and interests. Papers are being solicited which address any aspects of the three main topics under consideration by the Wegener Consortium or the technologies being applied for their investigation. Emphasis at this meeting will be placed on the discussion of numerical results, investigation techniques, technological advances and plans applicable to the improvment of knowledge of the geo-environment of the countries of Eastern Europe and the countries of the former Soviet Union and its impact on global issues. Local Organizing Committee : A.M. Finkelstein (Chairman) I.I. Kumkova A. Bajkova A. El'yashevich V. Grachev A. Ipatov M. Kajdanovskij E. Lysenkov Conference Adivisory Committee : P. Wilson (Chairman) A.M. Finkelstein I.I. Kumkova M.R. Pearlman C. Reigber Abstracts should be submitted (preferably by e-mail) to: Wegener St. Petersburg c/o Dr. Peter Wilson GeoForschungsZentrum Postdam Telegrafenberg A17 14473 Postdam Germany Phone : (49) 331 288 1172 Fax : (49) 331 288 1111 e-mail : wil son@gfz-po stdam.de orto : Wegener St.Petersburg c/o Institute of Applied Astronomy Zhdanovskaya 8 197042 St. Petersburg Russia Phone : (7) 812 230 7414 Fax : (7) 812 230 7413 Telex : 064 121391 ipa su e-marl : [email protected] Deadline for abstract :April 1st, 1994 Registration fees :$100 US

I n t e r n a t i o n a l S y m p o s i u m on K i n e m a t i c S y s t e m s in G e o d e s y , G e o m a t i c s a n d Navigation (KIS'94). Banff, Canada, August 30 S e p t e m b e r 2, 1 9 9 4 . Objectives : Kinematic methods in navigation and geodesy are evolving rapidly and numerous applications in these areas are emerging. KIS'94 will bring together scientists and engineers from different areas to present the state of the art in a comprehensive way, to analyse recent results, to discuss new equipment available, and to advance developments through a lively exchange of ideas between specialists from different fields. In its structure, the meeting will follow the successful series of kinematic positioning symposia which took place in the same location during the past 12 years. In its scope, it will be more comprehensive, including GPS, INS, and other emerging kinematic technologies. Organizing Committee : Department of Geomatics Engineering The University of Calgary Abstrats : Prepare and submit a one page abstract of your paper, stressing Objectives, results and conclusions. Send or fax the abstract to : Dr. M.E. Cannon or G. Lachapelle Deadline for abstract : 1 May, 1994. Registration fees : Participants : $350 CDN or $250 U.S. (Post marked before July 15) $400 CD-DN or $285 U.S. (after July 15) Students : $80 CDN or $60 U.S. Further informations can be obtained from : Dr. M. Elizabeth Cannon or Dr. CJtrard LachapeUe Department of Geomatics Engineering The University of Calgary 2500 University Dr. NW Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada Phone : (403) 220 5834 Fax : (403) 284 1980 Secretary : Marguerite Anderson Phone : (403)220 4982

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International School for the D e t e r m i n a t i o n a n d U s e o f the Geoid. M i l a n , Italy, 10-15 O c t o b e r , 1994. Symposium : The courses of the school will cover the following topics : 1- An introduction to the geodetic and mathematical concepts of a geoid computation (F. Sans6); 2-The use of global models in computing the geoid (R. Rapp); 3- The computation of terrain reductions for gravity potential and gravity anomalies (R. Forsberg); 4-The computation of a gravimetric geoid by collocation (C.C. Tscherning); 5- The computation of a gravimetric geoid by the Stokes' integral with the Fast Fourier Transform technique (M. Sideris). The program includes exercises on simulated and real exemples.

Registration fee :500 $ The deadline is fixed to the end of April, 1994. To all people answering to this almoucement. We will supply more information before Summer '94. Further information can be obtained from : Mrs. Cinzia Vajani International Geoid Service (I.Ge.S.) at DIIR (Politecnico di Milano) Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 Fax : (39) 2 2399 6530

Ms. C. Webber (DSG)

Further informations can be obtained from: Dr. F. Podmore Dept. of Physics, University of Zimbabwe P.O. Box MP167 Harare, Zimbabwe Fax: (263) 4 333407 Email: [email protected] The Fourth International Symposium on R e c e n t C r u s t a l M o v e m e n t in Africa. Nairobi, Kenya, November 28 D e c e m b e r 2, 1994. First circular Monitoring of Earth Movement phenomena to facilitate economic development and the protection of human life, engineering structures and the environment.

Local Organizing Committee • Dr. F.W.O. Aduol Chairman Mr. J.D. Obel Vice-Chairman Dr. J.O. Aseno Secretary Mr. P.J. Ogao Assistant Secretary Dr. E. Dindi Member Mr. M.W.L. Ch-hodota Member Prof. J.P. Patel Member Mr. S.A. Okoth Member Registration fees: Details of these will be provided in the second circular. Deadline for abstract : At the end of August 1994.

5th S y m p o s i u m on G e o d e s y in Africa. Harare, Zimbabwe, 22-27 November 1994. First circular The 5th Symposium on Geodesy in Africa will be held at the University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe, with provisional dates of 22-27 November 1994.

Symposium : The Symposium will consist of lectures, poster presentations and a technical equipement exhibition. Please take this opportunity to inform other researchers who are concerned with the latest developments in the fields of geodesy, gravity and surveying and come to learn of the advances being made in African geodesy. Local Organizing Committee : Dr. F. Podmore (UZ) (Chairman) Mr. J. Davies (UZ) Dr. O. Gwavava (UZ) Mr. M.T. Hawadi (Geol. Surv) Mr. C. Masterton (UZ)

Summerschool, GPS for Geodesy. D e l f t , T h e N e t h e r l a n d s , M a r c h 26 A p r i l 1, 1995. First circular Objectives : The basic objective of the School is to provide the necessary information to understand the potential and the limitations of GPS for geodesy, and to understand and/or develop software for the adjustment of GPS observation. Organizers : Prof. Dr. A. Kleusberg Prof. Dr. P. Teunissen The Office of the Netherlands Geodetic Commission Summerschool secretariat address : GPS Summerschool c/o Netherlands Geodetic Commission

125 P.O. Box 5030 NL-2600 GA Delft The Netherlands Phone : (31) 15 782819 Fax : (31) 15 782745 E-mail : schroder@tudgv 1.tudelft.nl

Book Reviews H a c k b u s c h W. and K. Witsch : Numerical techniques in continuum mechanics, Proc. 2nd GAMM Seminar: F. V i e w e g Verlag, Braunschweig 1987, ISBN 3-528-08091-4. The book reviews the algorithmic treatment of partial differential equations, in particular in continuum mechanics. Interesting topics for the Geodesist are the following: B. Kr~plin (Dortmund) presents a technique for structural instability analysis, in particular for systems of thin walled shell structures. An algorithm that exploits symmetries in bifurcations problems, namely in nonlinear eigenvalue problems, is reviewed by H.D. Mittelmann and B.H. Thomson (Tempe). A simple finite element method for plate bending problems (Mindlin plate model) is constructed by J. Pitkgranta (Espoo). All contributions are on high analytical standard. They show precisely the state-of-the-art of numerical techniques in continuum mechanics, a subject being of focal interest for Earth rotation and deformation analysis. Numerical geodetic techniques have to be projected onto those given here, a very welcome procedure. Erik.W. Grafarend

Pugh, D.T. : Tides, surges and mean sea-level, J. W i l e y , 472 pages, Chichester, 1987, ISBN 0-471-91505-X As an undergraduate text, the author has succeeded to present a motivating book on tides, surges and -of special interest for the geodesist- mean sea level. With an historical introduction, tidal patterns, meteorological and other non-tidal disturbances, definition of common terms as well as basic statistics of tides as time series, the first chapter kicks off for the wide opening into ten other chapters: observations and data reduction, gravitational tidal forces and the hydrodynamic equations, analysis and prediction, tidal dynamics, storm surges (stress laws, wind set-up, Ekman transport, alongshore winds, inertial currents, seiches, Tsunamis, flood warning systems), shallow-water dynamics, stability, changes of mean sea-level with

time, changes of mean sea-level in space, the geoid), geological processes, biology. The text offers a variety of valuable information. Photographs and many figures illustrate the clear text. It can be recommanded for a first reading accompagnying geodetic lectures on gravimetry. An updated version of the book including results from various satellite missions (Topex/Pose~don, ERS 1, etc,..) would be welcomed. Erik.W. Grafarend

Flaherty J.E., P.J. Paslow, M.S. Shephard and J.D. Vasilakis : Adaptive methods for partial differential equations, SIAM Publ. P h i l a d e l p h i a 1989, ISBN 0-89871242-4. The book grew from an international conference on Accuracy Estimates and Adaptive Refinements in Finite Elements Computations (Lisbon 1984), where progress reports on designing data structures for adaptive software were given, in particular in developing reliable techniques for estimating solution accuracy, creating optimal strategies for mesh (h-)refinement, mesh redistribution (r-refinement) or basis enriclunent (prefinement). 16 review papers are included in the monograph. I found two contributions being of interest for the computing geodesist: R.W. Soanes reviews "good, better, and best meshes in piecewise linear interpolation". In contrast W.J. Schroeder varifies geometric triangulations with application to automatic mesh generation: An algorithm has been implemented in conjunction with the octree spatial decomposition technique to generate two different meshes. The geometric triangulation satisfying the conditions of geometric similarity and topological compatibility correctly approximates geometric models. The author concludes that geometric triangulation is ideally suited for generating computational grids. Erik.W. Grafarend

Felli M. and R.E. Spencer : Very long baseline interferometry, techniques and applications, D. Reidel Publ. Comp. 437 pages, D o r d r e c h t - Boston London 1989, ISBN 0-7923-0376-8. The detection of radio waves from space, in particular from quasars has led to the development of interferometertechniques using baselines of transglobal dimension: These methods have become known as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). Arrays of radio telescopes situated all over the Earth or even in space

126 are regularly used for researchers in radio astronomy, reaching resolutions as small as a fraction of a miUi arcsecond. The technique also allows the measurement of the positions of the radio telescopes to a few millimeter and so VLBI has become a major tove in geodesy and the study of the rotation of the Earth. Despote the enormous progress in the VLBI technique over recent years there is still a limited number of the European VLBI Network Consortium (EVN) felt that a Summer School, on VLBI Techniques would be the most appropriate way to achieve the goal of a wider group of users. The now published Lectures review topics organized partially by - fundamental VLBI techniques (part one) - VLBI techniques in practice (part two) - results in VLBI (part three) - the present and future of VLBI (part four) - contribution papers (part five) For an interested geodesist the set-up of VLBI observational equations (R.E. Spencer, pages 18-20), J.M. Moran (pages 47-59: tropospheric refraction ionospheric refraction, turbulent media), P.N. Wilkinson (pages 69-93: selfcalibration of antennae), R. Craig-Walker (pages 141-162: fringe fitting), A. Alef (pages 261-274: phase-reference mapping), W.D. Cotton (polarimetry, pages 275-287), B.O. ROnnang pages 289-302: geodesy-VLBI observables, pages 305-317: geodetic results in VLBI) and R.J. Schilizzi (pages 357-362: the European and US VLBI networks / 1988 / and / 1990) would be most useful to study. The Lectures Notes form an excellent platform to enter the new dimension of spacetime geodesy: VLBI has to be included in Lectures on Geodetic Astronomy in Geodetic University Curricula! Unfortunately the Felli-Spencer proceedings excluded the relativistic treatment of VLBI, an absolute must for high resolution geodetic VLBI. Otherwise the still-up-to-date proceedings canbe recommended to any geodesist. Erik.W. Grafarend

convection (F.H. Busse, 72 pages) in chapter 2 include the linear theory of convection versus weakly / strongly nonlinear convection, finally special effects like buoyancy driven motions. Chapter 3 (T.H. Jordan, A.L. Lerner-Lam, K.C. Creager, 103 pages) reflects seismic imagine of boundary layers with deep mantle convection. In contrast chapter 4 (1~ Jeanloz, 56 pages) reviews high pressure chemistry of the Earth's mantle as well as the core. (Mantle phase diagram in F i g u r e 4.11). Constraints on the nature and development of chemical heterogeneities in the mantle are discussed in chapter 5 (S. Hart and A. Zindler, 125 pages). Inthe central chapter 6 (V£.1~ Peltier, 89 pages) focus is on mantle viscosity, in particular from glacial isostasy, postglacial sea level variations, free air gravity anomalies and Earth rotation observations. In contrast chapter 7 (G.T. Jarvis and W.R. Peltier, 113 pages) portray convection models with geophysical observations. Closely related is chapter 8 (U.R. Chistensen, 60 pages) on mantle rheology, constitution and convection. For the geodesist, chapter 9 (B.H. Hager and R.W. Clayton, 105 pages) on constraints on structure, on mantle convection using seismic observations, on flow models and on the geoid will be most interesting. Chapter I0 (W.R. Peltier, G.T. Jarvis, A.M. Forte and L.P. Solheim, 50 pages) describes the radial structure of the mantle general circulation. The final chapter 11 (D.J. Stevenson, 55 pages) focuses on the formation and early evolution of the Earth, in particular from solar nebula, the accumulation of Earth in the absence of gas and in the presence of gas, the Hadean Earth (core deformation, cooling of a magma ocean, outgassing, composition of the early atmosphere, to the later thermal evolution of the Earth. The monograph offers a great view of the state-ofthe-art of the theory and the measurement situation relating to mantle convection, written by experts in their field of interest. Myself I have been greatly surprised of how much mantle convection information is contained in the geoid and the free air gravity anomalies. For a geodesist who is interested in geodynamical processes the book has great value. Erik W. Grafarend

P e l t i e r W.R. (editor) : Mantle convection, 881 pages, Gordon and Breach Science Publ., New York 1989, ISBN-0-677-22120-7. The monograph on mantle convection subtitled "plate tectonics and global dynamics" - volume 4 in a series on "fluid mechanics o f astrophysics and geophysics" - opens up by an introduction of the series editor P.H. Robert. Chapter 1 (W.R. Peltier, 22 pages) set-ups the framework of mantle convection and plate tectonics, mainly by paleomagnetic evidence, seismic evidence, seismic evidence and thermial-gravitational evidence. In addition, he as the book's editor presents the book's outline. The fundamentals of thermal

Babcock A.K. and G.A. Wilkins : The Earth's rotation and reference frames for geodesy and geodynamics, I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s t r o n o m i c a l Union, Proceedings 128th Symposium Coolfort, West V i r g i n i a , K l u w e r Academic Publishers, DordrechtBoston-London 1968, ISBN 90-2772657-4. Review papers built up the body of the symposium proceedings. As introductory lectures K. Lambeck gives

127 some geophysical causes for the Earth's variable rotation, J.A. Hughes makes some general remarks concerning reference frames w.r.t, geodesy, geophysics and astrometry. Seven chapters, follow on (i) celestial reference frame including relativistic ones, (ii), terrestrial reference systems, 0ii) determination of Earth rotation parameters (iv) combination and prediction of Earth rotation parameters, (v) precession and nutation, (vi) causes of variations in Earth rotation parameters and (vii) other topics like the definition of rotation for a deformable body.

given. Each rotation about a single axis is derived in detail and small figures again complete the text. Chapter 4 supplies the reader with basic informations concerning quaternious as well as quaternion transformation and propagation. In Chapter 5, the authors present the FORTRAN Code for selected point transformations. Finally, the appendices reveal some nice proofs for selected relations (e.g. Angular Rotation Rate Vector, Dynamic Equation of an Inertial Navigation System and Quatemion propagation). An errata sheet is attached.

The proceedings offer a great view about the stateof-the-art of the key problem of geodynarnics, namely the variable Earth's rotation, and the establishment /materialization of reference frames for a deformable body like the Earth. They can be strongly recommended for the geodesist reflecting the foundation of geodetic coordinates changing in spacetime.

For the geodesist being interested in inertial navigation the selected material is rather elementary in particular since ellipsoidal coordinate systems are not considered. Chapter 3 on coordinate transformations lacks of a general theory based on orthogonal rotation matrices (e.g. of Cardan-type) which would have led to a better understanding. Moreover, writing out the product of rotations matrices is of no use and obscures one's view of critical configurations, i.e. singularities. At the end, no programmer would implement the FORTRAN code of Chapter 4 since elementary rules such as computing the trigonometric functions of the same argument only once and storing the value in an intermediate variable are disregarded. Only the appendices present some interesting material. Last but not least, for a book being written also for students the index is to short, and among the very few bibliographic references important standard ones are missing.

Erik.W. Grafarend

Minkler G. and J. Minkler : Aerospace Coordinate Systems and Transformations, 306 pages, Magellan Book Company, Baltimore 1990, ISBN 0-9621618-0-2. The intention of the book is as described in the last paragraph of the preface to bring together, in one volume, all important information on aerospace coordinate systems, as a reference for practicing engineers, and a learning aid for engineering students. Furtheron, the authors hope that the reader finds a new and deeper understanding of coordinate systems, and a valuable reference. The book is organized in five parts and contains in addition six appendices and a very short one-page index. In detail, Chapter 1 treats the mathematical principles of coordinate transformation consisting of an introduction into Matrix and Vector calculus, Coordinate Systems, Transformation (Direction Cosine) Matrices, Vector and Point Transformations as well as the Propagation of the Direction Cosine Matrix. It is written in a veg¢ elementaq¢ manner and the reader needs (almost) no prerequisite for its understanding. Chapter 2 defines ten coordinate systems widely used in aerospace applications: Earth Centered Earth Fixed (ECEF), North East Down (NED), East North Up (ENU), Navigation (NED Wander Azimuth), Platform (NWU Wander Azimuth), Body (Roll, Pitch, Yaw), Antenna, Topocentric, Earth Centered Inertial (ECI) and Geodetic Coordinate Frame. Typical (monorthogonal) frames such as Accelerometer or Gym Frames are not included. Each coordinate system is illustrated by a small figure. Subsequently Chapter 3 contains the vector and point transformations between each of the coordinate systems as described in Chapter 2. In each case the complete derivation of the vector and point transformation is

Efik W. Gmfarend

W a h b a G. : Spline models for observational data, S I A M Publ., Philadelphia 1990, ISBN 089871244-0. The monograph based on 10 lectures at Ohio State University in 1987 reflects the author's view of those many interesting things that statistician can do with splines. Chapter one is devoted positive-definite functions, variances-covariances, reproducing kernels, in particular with norms involving derivatives, and outlining the special and general spline smoothing problems. Splines on the circle and on the sphere, the role of the iteroted Laplacian, another look at the Bayes model behind the thin-plate spline refering to kriging are the subjects of chapter two. Emphazise is on the connection between spline estimation and kriging: A peculiar chapter three discusses equivalence and perpendicularity. Chapter four explains how to estimate a smoothing parameter. There even confidence intervals outlined in chapter five. "Partial spline models" of chapter six and finite-dimensional approximating subspaces of chapter seven form the basis for Fredholm integral equations of the first kind in chapter eight. Nonlinear generalizations are reviewed in chapter nine. A highlights is chapter ten on "additive and interaction sphnes". Numerical methods of chapter eleven as well

128 as special topics (the high frequency problem, experimental design) of chapter twelve round up a great introduction into the synergy of splines in statistics. The level of writing is for the experimentalist. The text is clear and ready for an "armchair-reading". Assumptions are clearly stated, definitions and theorems well stated. Those experimental geodesists who like to relate their observations to splines find here the right forum. Erik W. Grafarend

Flodmark, Stig. (ed.) : New Approaches in Geomagnetism and the Earth's Rotation. 281 pages, World Scientific, Singapore 1991, ISBN 98102-0359-4. This is an unusual book indeed. It contains the Proceedings of a conference on this topic held October 10-12, 1988 in Stoskholm. The title "New Approaches" is almost too modest; it should perhaps rather read "Nonstandard theories" or "Alternative theories". For instance, in the two central articles by the Swedish physicist S. Flodmark, "The Earth's polar motion" and "Geomagnetism and polar motion", almost everything is different from the usual litterature of books and papers in this field. The Earth's inner core is assumed to be a huge pure single iron crystal, permanently magnetized according to the modem manyparticle solid-state theory (Stanislaw Lem would love this idea!). Core and mantle are supposed to form a twotop system, and polar motion is derived from this model. For geomagnetism, a three-top model with separately moving inner core, outer core, and mantle is used. This theory naris counter to most of our beloved ideas on the internal constitution of the Earth, on the cause of the Chandler wobble, and on the magnetic geodynamo. In the Introduction (p. IX) it is predicted that these novel ideas "may be received unsympathetically by most geophysicists". So another book by scientific individualists, to put it mildly? Not quite: the Introduction just mentioned was written by the famous geophysicist S.K. Runcorn, who in the fifties was instrumental in reviving Wegener's theory of continental drift which then became plate tectonics. It is known that Keith Runcom has always kept an open and youthfully sympathetic mind to new and unconventional ideas, for instance the "fifth force". I think that geophysical theories can never be completely verified or, "falsified" in the sense of Karl Popper. We cannot place the Earth into a physical laboratory and perform various experiments with it. We have to rely on relatively few data which furthermore,

almost exclusively refer to the Earth's surface. The search for models of the Earth's interior is the textbook case of "improperly posed inverse problems" which typically admit of an infinity of possible solutions. The ideal complete solution would consist of the set of all models which are compatible with the given surface data At present, of course, such an "ideal" solution appears totally unfeasible. We can be satisfied if the standard theories satisfy the data to a reasonable accuracy and without too much manipulation. Any other solution which also fits the data would be a welcome new nember in the above-mentioned set of possible solutions. Perhaps the new ideas contained in the present book will eventually provide such a new distinguished member to the club of possible geophysical theories:.. The two papers by S. Flodmark are well written, and Keith Runcom's article "Geomagnetism and the Earth's rotation", as well as his above-mentioned Introduction, belong to this usual masterpieces. A particularly remarkable article is by J. Weber, the famous pioneer of experimental general relativity: "New methods for neutrino detection, and solar neutrino interactions with a single crystal Earth core". The title is instructive: an other case of possibly using "the Earth as a physical laboratory". At geophysical meetings we always complain that there are "too many papers and too few ideas". The logician and philosoph Alfred North Whitehead once said "It is more important that a proposition be interesting than that it be true". This may apply also to the present book. Don't read it if you are working on a special problem in Earth rotation which requires the processing of given data by a given method, if you are happy with your work, and if you don't like the peace of your mind to be disturbed by unusual ideas. If you are interested in unconventional novel ideas, however, you may find the critical reading of the present book quite stimulating. Helmut Moritz

Cassettari, S. : Introduction to GeoInformation Management, Chapman & Hall, 1992, ISBN 0-412-48900-7. The focus of the book is on the role o f GIS in a broad information handling context and as part of an integrated decision making structure. It only touches issues like data modelling, database management, software and hardware but contains a plenitude of information on the capabilities, the limitations and the implications of implementing get-information systems.

129 The book is organized in 12 chapters. Chapter 1 is a discussion of the general issues which relate to management and information systems and reviews spatial decision support systems. The following three chapters deal with the database of spatial information systems. At first, the nature of data and information is reflected and the importance of accuracy and quality considerations and metadata is stressed. Then data structures and data models including three- and fourdimensional data are explained and related to database management systems and query languages. Finally, the topic of data integration is introduced. The institutionnal issues of information networks, implementation strategies, benefits and costs are considered. Chapter 5 is on low cost strategies, stand-alone solutions and microcomputers, while chapter 6 introduces and discusses the questions of ownership, copyright , liability and availability of data. In chapter 7, standards, especiallly transfer standards, are reviewed, and a summary of current data standards is given: The subject of chapter 8 is the analysis capability of GIS. Data manipulation, statistical analysis, overlay operations and analytical processes are explained. Chapter 9 looks at user interfaces and their importance in effective information dissemination, while chapter 10 takes up the issue of visualization, pointing out, that tools and methods should be adopted from cartography. The last two chapters are devoted to recent and future technologies which are potentially important for the development of integrated solutions, such as image-based systems, hypertext and hypermap concepts The subjects are illustrated by clear figures and tables, and each chapter closes with up-to-date references. Appendices with acronyms, a list of GIS software packages for microcomputers and an extensive index complete the volume. The well structured and easy to read paperback is an excellent addition to more basic texts on concepts and models. It paints the broader technologies, organizational and social setting in which GIS is embedded, and thus provides background information of interest for all involved in the GIS industry. On the other hand, it can be highly recommanded for managers, who need an overview on the capabilities of GIS and on its implementation on the organization and on its products. The author teaches at Kingston University, UK and, therefore, is especially familiar with the situation in Great Britain. This, of course, can be noticed throughout the text. The position of the GIS industry, the social background and even the references primarily apply to this country. Obviously the book is written for a readership in England. But that should not repel potential readers in other countries especially in continental Europe, who can, without doubt, benefit

from the high level of geo-information sciences in Great Britain. W. Caspary

Searle S.R., G. Oasella and C.E. Culloch : V a r i a n c e components, 501 pages, J. Wiley, New York, 1992. The long awaited book by S.R. Searle (note his classics: Linear Models, Matrix Algebra Useful for Statistics and Linear Models for Unbalanced Data) and his professorial colleagues at Comell University is a welcomed add to the other standard text books under the same title. The subject being first treated by F.R. Helmert (no geodetic literature has been included, unfommately) and lateron applied for the adjustment of heterogeneous geodetic observations if here only used for the fixed effects models and the random effects model for the 1-way classification: The introductory first chapter reviews levels and cells, fixed and random effects, maiuly by clear examples. The second chapter offers historical comments, in particular identifying three epochs (18611949, 1950-1960, into the 1970s and beyond). The 1way classification model is extensively treated in chapter three (ANOVA, REML, Bayes) before focus is given to balanced data inchapter four (e.g. the 2-way rested classification) and to unbalanced data in chapter five. (Henderson's Method I, II, III). A chapter six on Maximum Liklihood (ML) and Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) is added. A highlights is chapter seven with prediction concepts of random variables ("best predictions", "best linear prediction'', "mixed model prediction'', MME). Computational aspects, in particular the EM algorithm is the subjects- of chapter eight. Hierarchical models and Bayesian estimation fill chapter nine. So-called other procedures like classe C O - C4 (MINQUE, MINQUEO, M1NVAR etc.) are reviewed in chapter eleven. Most geodetic interest will be raised by chapter twelve on the dispersion-mean model: ordinary least-squares (OLS) yields MINQUEO; fourth moments in the mixed model; generalized leastsquares (GLS); non-negative estimation of variance components. Three appendices, ones of course, on matrix algebra (Schur complement, vec, vechoperations) one, of course, on statistics (CHI-square, Fdistribution, ML) are competing a great book. The following reference should be added m the

book: (i) Kelm R.: Ist die Varianzsch~tzung nach Helmert Minque? Allgemeine Vennessungsnachrichten 85 (1978) 49-54 and (ii) Grafarend E., A. Kleusberg and B. Schaffrin: An introduction to the variancecovariance-component estimation of Helmert type, Zeitschrift ffir Vermerssungswesen 105 (1980) 161-180 for the historical perspective and (iii) B. Schaffrin: Varianz-Kovarianz-Komponentenschatzung bei der Ausgleichung heterogener Wiederholungsmessungen. Deutsche Geod~itische Kommission, Bayerische

130 Akademie der Wissenschaften, Heft C 282, Miinchen 1983 for a review about "the state-of-the-art". The monograph is easily read, in particular due to the well selected examples. Thanks go to the authors for their careful work which also includes numerical and algorithmic questions. The book can be recommended to the praticing geodesist and surveyor. Erik W. Gmfarend

Lousteau J. and M. Dillon: Linear Geometry with Computer Graphics, Marcel Decker, Inc., New York, Basel, Hong Kong, 1993, 440 pages, ISBN 0-8247-8898-2 J. Lousteau is an Ass. Professor at the Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics at the Hunter College of the City of New York. M. Dillon, an Ass. Professor of Mathematics comes from the Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Sciences of the Indiana State University in Terre Haute. In four of five chapters, the authors develop a thorough but concise mathematical theory of the theoretical basis of geometry. They are divided into: - preliminaries (Introduction, Fields, Vector Spaces, Linear Transformation, Cosets of a Vector Space, Invariant Subspaces on 38 pages), Symmetric Bilinear Forms (Introduction, Symmetric Bilinear Forms, Congruence, Orthogonal Complements, Orthogonal Bases, Witt's Cancellation theoreme, Isotropic and Anisotropic Spaces, Functions on Inner Product Spaces on 38 pages), Plane Geometry (Introduction, The Affine Plane, The Affine Group, Postulates for the Euclidean Plane, Inner Product Planes, Projective Planes, Conic Sections on 70 pages) and Homogenious Spaces in R n (Introduction, Topological Groups, Homogenious Spaces, Geometry on Homogeneous Spaces, The Rieman Space, The Poincarr6 Upper Half-Plane, Differentiable Manifolds on 69 pages). The fith chapter: Topics in Computer Graphics deals with practical applications of the theory in 12 sub-chapters (Introduction, A 1st Graphic Program, A Computer Graphic System Overview, Geometric Mappings in a CG System, The Line Drawing Algorithm, The WingEdge Object Representation, The Conic Sections, Bezier Curves and B-Splines, Hidden Surface Removal, Texture Mapping, Quadratic Intermediate Surfaces, Koch Systems on 152 pages). With a system of sample programs, the authors lead the novice programmerapplicant of Computer Graphics into his praxis of programming.

3 appendices: - Equivalence Relations, - The Jordan Canonical Form, -Graphlib Documentation (Introduction, Types, Procedures and Functions), together with a - Bibliography of 47 entries and an Index of 40 pages terminate the book. In order to facilitate practical applications, the authors have included a 3,5 inch disquette with a Library of Utility Programms called GmphLib of about 800 lines of programms, written in Borland's TURBO PASCAL for PC's and based on a VGA graphic processor board. Annoyingly enough, although this disquette is by far not full, the authors did not include the many routines (about 1100 lines) dealt with in the 152 pages of the last chapter. Therefore, the applicant, wishing to practise them has to manually enter these into a computer readable form, if he has no scanning facility available. But even so, the user has to deal with many printing and spelling errors: wrong names of variables and of routines to be called, missing definitions of variables in the routines and finally, with the omissions the user has to fix himself. DrawConic and DrawBez offer four dimensionnal matrices, whereas teh routine BezPts of GraphLib requires 8 coordinates. To fix all these avoidable errors wxill consume a lot of time. The expert user will not require the software discussed, the novice might invest too much time with an uncertain result. Applying their own routines, the authors would recognize the hell of a difference of swimming in the ocean and a course to learn it solely outside water. The recesent gained the impression that the software discussed was never worked witk Another question is related to the chosen program language. During the past years, UNIX and C together with C++ and object oriented programming techniques have conquered wide spread applications in many countries on low priced, fast and powerful WorkStations. This holds especially for Computer-cycles, which are only provided by Work-Stations. Therefore, the reader has to decide if PASCAL fits into his possibilities, intentions and strategies. Anyhow, the similarity of PASCAL and C facilitates and easy transfer of most of the ideas inherent in this book into the C-world, if the reader wants to do the translation. Only the use of the recent screen for the specific (colour-) plotting has ten to be fitted to the actual facilities of available Work-Stations. All the persons interested in the theoretical and mathematical basis of Computer Graphics will find a very valuable, yet not fast and easily readable compendium of the necessary definitions, theorems and lemmas. The fact that the contents has to be studied carefully and thoroughly comes from the unaVoidable mathematical reasoning and the development of a solid theory, which is clearly derived by the authors.

131 History of painting shows that a realistic imaging of space could only be achieved after the development of thorough theories of perspective views. Also the evolution in Mapping demonstrates the well known necessity of solid theories about map projections and a modelling of the possibilities to display spatial information in two dimensions. Even more important is the understanding of solid theories of possible Geometries when computers are to be used for realistics views in CAD and Construction Business as well as for Rendering Models designed with the computers for various purposes. Especially the straight-forward and economical design and development of systems of graphic libraries and application packages of programs for arbitrary apllications require a solid knowledge of the theoretical background of graphic tools as a very important, ff not unavoidable prerequisite. This book combines pure theory with examples of its practical applications, which only demonstrate their inherent potential dining intensive practical execising with the computer. F.S. Kr611

Mailing D.H. : Coordinate systems and map projections, Pergamon Press, 2 nd edition, 476 pages, Oxford - N e w York - Seoul - Tokyo 1993, ISBN-008-037033-3. The well established textbook on map projections appears now in the second edition with corrections with respect to the first edition. The original book was written in response to a need for a suitable textbook to cover the requirements of the British national and tectmical certificates in cartography and surveying, now updated due to new developments like automated cartography, Geodetic, Geographical and Land Information Systems, marine geodesy. The book is divided into 19 chapters with three appendices. Most important appendix one gives a review of functional expressions needed to determine the coordinates and distortions characteristics of each of the named classes of projections, together with a list of specific equations for particular members of each class. The classification system os described in chapter seven, illustrated by Table 7.02, mainly following W.R. ToNer (1963), to produce an ordered hierarchy of groups, classes and series. H. Maurer's (1935) "Linnaean System" has been found too complicated. All coordinate expressions have been derived for a sphere of unit radius S2. Appendix two offers a table of projections coordinates for 15 ° graticule intersections of Briesemeister's projection. Of course, the geodesist is interested in mapping the reference ellipsoid (spheroid, ellipsoid of revolution): (i) Appendix three gives a short

introduction into the Transverse Mercator equations, in particular the original Gaug-Kriiger version and - to my great surprise - to the Biernacki-Rapp version. (The original double projection spheroid - sphere - plane refers to C.F. GauB (1828, 1844)). The UTM dilation factor 0.999,578 is not derived. This appendix should be reworked taking reference to A. SchOdlbauer: Sammlung yon Rechenformeln und Rechenbeispielen zur Landesvermessung, Tell A1 und A2, HSBW Miinchen 1980 oder Rechenformeln und Rechenbeispiele zur Landesvermessung, Teile 1, 2, 3, H. Wichmann Verlag, Karlsruhe 1982. (ii) The geometry of reference ellipsoi is reviewed partially in chapter four. Unfortunately Table 4.02 contains only the International Reference Ellipsoid 1924. Here we strongly recommend an update to the Geodetic Reference System 1980 published in Bulletin Geodesique, 66 (1992) 187-192, for instance. (Geodesists Handbook: seminajor axis a = 6,378,137in, first eccentricity e2 = 0.006,694,380,033,9.). Another comment has to be made to chapter three on coordinate reference systems on the sphere where geographical coordinates latitude and longitude are introduced. Once we would try to compute the tangent space TS 2 in these coordinates at North pole or at South pole we have to fail! The minimal set of coordinates consist of two coordinate systems (minimal atlas) which cover the sphere singularity - free. A transverse metalatitude / metalongitude coordinate system would as a second coordinates system solve the problem. (A minimal atlas of the sphere consists of two charts / coordinate systems). As a first-hand information the new second edition of the book by D.H. Mating is a great welcome. Chapter sixteen on the Transverse Mercator Projection will be of Interest for the practising geodesist. Those geodesists working in navigation will appreciate the introductory chapter fourteen of projections for navigation charts. Photogrammetrists will enjoy reading on photographes taken from artificial satellites and satellites orbit geometry and now remote sensing is reflected in space-oblique Mercator projection. Erik W. Grafarend

Mather P.M. : Geographical Information Handling Research and A p p l i c a t i o n s , W i l e y & Sons Ltd., 1993, I S B N 0-471-94060-7. In 1989, the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) instituted a three-year Joint Programme of research and training in Geeographical Information Handling furnished with a budget of £ 1 m. The purpose of the programme was to increase British research and development effort in the area of geographic information handling and to encourage

132 greater collaboration between the environmental and social sciences. To this end, the following principal objectives were set: 1- To carry out basic research into the handling of geographic information using newly developed GIS technology. 2- To develop and apply GIS methods to selected application areas and to demoustmte their value. 3-To generate the transfer of results from information technology programmes elsewhere. 4- To generate additional training opportunities in GIS. A steering Committee of representatives of ESCR, NERC, local and central government and industry was installed, and P.M. Mather, the editor of the volume, was appointed Programme Evaluation Consultant. From a large number of proposals, 17 research projets were selected. The findings were presented in February 1993 and are published in this book. The list of contributors contains 63 individuals from 29 institutions, who were involved in the programme. The majority (35) are with university department of geography, the others can be allocated to the area of environmental and planning sciences (7), surveying (6), computer sciences and electronic (5), non university research (7) and industry (3). The 22 chapters of the volume are organized in four parts. The first part "acknoledgments" contains five very interesting chapters. The introduction by P.M. Mather briefly describes the history, the objectives and the structure of the programme and gives a short review of the findings presented at length in chapter 6 to 22. He summarizes the value of the Joint Programme, stating that it has stimulated academic research in GIS in the UK, has increased contacts between industry and academia, has brought together research workers from a variety of disciplines with common interest in spatial data handling and has increased training opportunities. In chapter 2, J. Knill decsribes the involvment of NERC in GIS. The enviromental data explosion and the need for integration of data form different sources require the utilization of GIS technology. Today, GIS are rather under-utilized in enviromnetal research because of lack of awareness and of limitations. Therefore, much more basic research is required to get a tool which is suitable for the three- and four-dimensional problems in enviromental sciences. This assesment of current GIS technology is the motivation for the NERC to actively support GIS research. In its view, the principal objectives for the future research should be the development of: - higher-dimensional GIS - e x t e n d e d modelling capabilities to accomodate complex deterministic and stochastic models -functions for the integration of higherdimensional vector and raster data from a wide variety of different sensors

- t h e capability of assimilitating spatio-temporal data, f.i. time series, into models - methods of error propagation - links to expert systems to increase the potential as decision support system - interfaces which substancially improve the userfriendliness.

In chapter 3, H. Newby explains the ESCR interest in GIS which naturally arises from its responsabilities for the social sciences in general. Since 1987, ESRC has supported the establishment of eight Regional Research Laboratories (RRL). These centers of excellence have mainly developed GIS applications. They have stimulated the development of GIS techniques and extended the awareness of GIS to disciplines other than geography. The Joint Programme has provided a specific focus for GIS research and has supplemented the work of the RRLs. In a cooperative way links have been established with users and vendors in both the public and private sectors. Now are endedd, the ESRC assesments is, thet the aims have been achieved and that the UK now has a leading role to play in the development of GIS in Europe. M.J. Jackson, Laserscan Ltd., takes a more critical view of the outcome of the Joint Programme in chapter 4. He evaluates the success in terms of commercial impact and considers the issue of partnership between government-funded research and UK industry. He states that in disciplines like GIS, academic programmes cannot hope to compete with the significant development teams of highly qtmlified staff and the sophisticated development tools that even medium-sized companies have. Therefore, especially in basis research, a much closer cooperation with the commercial sector would have been necessary. The objectives two and three of the programme have increased user awareness and stimulated user demand rather than transfer applications or methodology to the vendors. Disappointingly, little evidence was found of a systematic transfer of results from technology programmes elsewhere or of a noticeable increase in numbers of suitable recruits for development or sales organizations. In chapter 5, D.W. Rhind and I.T. Logan, Ordnance Survey, present an account of the involvment of their organization in GIS technology. This very informative chapter on structure, budget, obligations and commitments of the Ordnance Survey is of special interest to readers from the surveying community. The policy of the Ordnance Survey is to promote GIS development in order to increase the number of customers of its products, i.e. digital data. The following three sections of the volume contain the final reports of the 17 research groups. Section I comprises seven papers on basic research. These deal with GIS, development isssues, simulation of error effects in GIS, development of a generalization machine

133 to minimize generalization effects, datum transformation and data integration, the object-based paradigm for a geographical database, spatio-temporal techniques and the development of a generic spatial language interface for GIS. The better part of the material has been published in magazines and proceedings. Nevertheless, the detailled reports on the findings give an ecellent overview on the current state of GIS research in Great Britain. The same is tree for the papers in Section II which presentthe findings of four research projects in the area of environmental applications of GIS. They are concerned with analytical tools to monitor urban areas, application to the monitoring and modelling of land cover and use in the UK, GIS and distributed hydrological models and with automated derivation of stream-channel networks and selected catchment characteristics from DEM. The final Section III on economic and planning applications contains six presentations on the subjects: mapping natural hazards, evaluation of GISas an aid to planning in rural areas, property-based GIS, impact of GIS on local government in Great Britain, GIS for the Eastern Thames Corridor and intelligent, interactive analysis-based GIS. This collection of final reports on 17 research projects selected by a peer review process shows the priorities of the resaerch agenda of 1990 in Great Britain and the achievements of the designated research groups. Everybody engaged in scientific work in the area of geographic information systems can benefit from reading this account of GIS research in Great Britain.

examples. Various definitions of a geodesic line are given, the formulation of the geodesic as a partial differential equation (that's what the Eiconal equation actually is) helps to understand the geometric properties of refraction space which is the content of chapter three "Nonlinear coordinates in three dimensions". Starting with the differential geometry of the gravitational field the concept of refraction space follows which describes the influence of an isotropic and non-dispersive medium on the propagation of high frequency waves (geometrical optics limit-. "The theory of relativity" is the content of chapter four. The geometric properties of Minkowski space-time are discussed at the beginning, several applications are following. The line element in a rotating (e.g. earth fixed) frame of reference is the motivation to introduce the basic principles of genera[ relativity. A comparison of Newton and Einstein theory follows, a section about the properties of a sphericallysymmetric solution, i.e. the Schwarzschild metric, concludes this chapter. From our point of view the most important part of the book, chapter five, "Geodetic applications of relativity", follows. Quasiinertial and Fermi-systems are introduced, a wide discussion how to define geodetic reference systems on a curved space-time manifold follows as well as the separation of inertial and gravitation effects. The P__arametrized Post Newtonian approximation is only briefly discussed, gyroscopic effects and the gravitational time delay conclude this chapter, ff one has reached the stage of four-dimensional Riemalm space, the transition to n-dimensional Hilbert space is quite easy which is done in chapter six, "Hilbert Spaces, quantum mechanics and least-squares collocation". Basic concepts of Hilbert spaces are introduced and applied to quantttm mechanics as well as to least squares collocation.

W. Caspary

Moritz H. and B. Hofmann-Wellenhof: Geometry, Relativity, Geodesy, 367 pages, Wichmann, Karlsruhe, 1993, ISBN 3-87907-244-2. The significance of special and general relativity for modem geodetic measurement techniques is the content of the book "Geometry, Relativity, Geodesy" by Moritz H. and B. Hofmann-Wellenhof. The book is divided in six parts. Chapter one is devoted to Euclidean space, which contains a comparison of different notations, i.e. index versus matrix notation as well as the geometry of least squares collocation and photogrammetric methods. By considering "typical geodetic" examples this chapter should help to overcome the difficilties to handle the mathematics which is required for general relativity. The differential geometry in two dimensions is the content of chapter two. Several basic quantities like the corariant and derivative, parallel transport and curvaatre are introduced and intensively discussed in several

From our point of view this book fills a gap in the geodetic literature. The authors try to help the reader to understand a complex matter, but there are also serious drawbacks. From a book written by geodesists for geodesists (not only of course) one would have to expect a more sophisticated part on differential geometry. Chapter two is state of the art of the 19th century, introducing modem concepts (e.g. coordinate versus anholonomic frames) would make the nice, neat distinction between the two-three and fourdimensional case superfluous. The concept of refraction space (chapter three) can be generalized to four-dimensional space-time, an approach which goes back to (Gordon, W., "Zur Lichtausbreitung nach der Relativit/itstheorie", Annalen der Physik, 7_Z, 421, 1923). The dispersive case, which is also very important in geodetic applications is completely excluded, though the four-dimensional dispersion theory is available (concept of a so called dispersion metric allows to formulate the equation of motion of an electromagnetic wave as a geodetic line!). In chapter five where the problem of Inertial systems is discussed sometimes in a poetic way (p. 249: "... but not all

134 dreams become true" ...") the authors are writing about the harmonic systems (p. 249: "Therefore, there are uniquely defined systems which are called harmonic systems. Such uniquely defined systems rigorously refer to curved space-time".). What do the authors want to say? To introduce harmonic systems is possible because the Einstein field equations don't determine the metric tensor uniquely. This enables one to put some additional restrictions on the coordinates (harmonic gauge is just one possibility). Another draw-back is the short description of the PPN formalism. The authors are writing on (p. 277: "Of course the quadratic term is negligible for almost all practical applications."). It is left to the phantasy of the reader (or as an exercise?) to find the applications for which the quadratic term is required or not. Of course for light propagation it does not make sense to take the quadratic term into account (because dxi and cdt are of the same order of magnitude), whereas for the relativistic computation of satellite orbits this term is required! To avoid misunderstandings ot has to be mentioned first that the four-dimensional line element on (p. 224, eq. (4.199)) is the line element of Newton space-time and has nothing to do with special relativity (compare the remark on p. 279: "Thus flat space-time of special relativity is curved by gravitation.") and second that the space-time of General Relativity is Pseudo-Riemaun. The authors are discussing rotating systems on many pages, it would have been interesting to consider the Sagnac effect which causes a large effect on time-difference measurements. As already mentioned in the preface the book should be an easy introduction. Being intended for "easy armchair reading" (according to the preface) does not prevent to give the present state of the mathematical and physical art and to use relativistic patterns correctly (Occam's razor serves often as a simple excuse). Many parts of the book are therefore rather oldfashioned. Since a geodesist is used to think in meters and degrees, numbers like 10-8, 10-12 (as on p. 284) are not useful. It would have been better to consider a certain spacel~aae measurement scenario and give concrete numbers. In many case this is an easy readable book. It might help geodesists (and other scientists) who are not familiar with relativity at all to overcome their aversion against that beanliful branch of physics.

Fast Bibliography Due to the unusually long list of books review in this Newsletter, the Fast Bibliography part will be published in the next IAG Newsletter.