Scientometrics DOI 10.1007/s11192-017-2551-3

Judit Bar-Ilan: information scientist, computer scientist, scientometrician Mike Thelwall1

Received: 29 September 2017 Ó Akade´miai Kiado´, Budapest, Hungary 2017

Keywords Derek de Solla Price Memorial Medal
Information science
Computer science
Scientometrics

Introduction Judit Bar-Ilan is a professor and former head of the Department of Information Science at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. She has a degree in Mathematics and Computer Science, an M.Sc. in Mathematics and a Ph.D. in Computer Science (1990) with the title ‘‘Applications of one-way functions and randomization in security protocols’’. Professor Bar-Ilan has helped to organise seven conferences and workshops, has been a member of 46 conference programme committees and sits on seven editorial boards: Meidaat, Scientometrics, Journal of Informetrics, Cybermetrics, Online Information Review, JASIST and PLOS ONE. She was the SIG/MET Officer of the Year in 2013 and received the Notable Research Achievements in 2015 Prize from Bar-Ilan University. She was a member of the European Union Expert Group on Altmetrics, 2016. She teaches information retrieval, internet research, research assessment and information systems at Bar-Ilan University. She has been the main supervisor of at least seven successful Ph.D. students and continues to supervise Ph.Ds. She has had 12 projects accepted for funding. In September 2017, Judit had a h-index of 42 in Google Scholar from 6147 citations. More importantly, she has made substantial contributions to research on widely different topics over a sustained period. & Mike Thelwall [email protected] 1

Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group, School of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, West Midlands WV1 1LY, UK

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Research contributions Mathematics and computer science research origins Judit Bar-Ilan’s early research was into mathematical computing, with papers such as ‘‘Noncryptographic fault tolerant computing in a constant number of rounds of interaction’’ (1989), with 263 citations in Google Scholar by 2017, and ‘‘How to allocate network centers’’ (1993), with 158 citations in Google Scholar by 2017 but by 1993 she had already shown an interest in computing in the context of libraries with the paper, ‘‘Using a local area network as an interface to wide area networks in library and information science education’’. This was followed in 1995 by a developing interest in the Web, leading to papers like ‘‘security issues on the internet’’ (1996).

Informetrics and webometrics: search engine studies In 1997, and coinciding with the ISSI conference being held in Israel, Judit started to research scientometric topics relating to internet use. She co-authored a Journal of the American Society for Information Science scholarly communication paper ‘‘Internet use by faculty members in various disciplines: A comparative case study’’, and published a quantitative internet study in Scientometrics, ‘‘The ‘mad cow disease’, Usenet Newsgroups and bibliometric laws’’. In 1998, Judit Bar-Ilan exploited her mathematical and computing expertise to start a line of research for which she became justly famous: the study of web search engine accuracy and consistency. Her first paper on this topic, in Scientometrics, was, ‘‘On the overlap, the precision and estimated recall of search engines—A case study of the query ‘Erdos’.’’ This contained a characteristic mix of quantitative and qualitative analyses with an interesting and engaging approach. In this case, focusing on a well-known mathematician added extra depth and flavour to a complex issue that has great importance to librarians and web searchers. She followed this up with the similarly interesting, ‘‘The life span of a specific topic on the Web; the case of ‘informetrics’: A quantitative analysis’’ (1999) and ‘‘Search engine results over time—A case study on search engine stability’’ (1999). These studies revealed that web search engines worked in complex ways and could not be relied upon to be consistent over time in their estimated numbers of search matches and in the URLs returned. In particular, she showed that search engines could know about a web page but not return it for a query that it matches, even if it contains information that the other pages returned do not contain. This is a worst-case scenario for the web searchers that rely on search engines (i.e., nearly everyone with access to the internet). These seminal findings were followed by more systematic methods-focused papers, such as ‘‘Data collection methods on the Web for informetric purposes—A review and analysis’’ (2001) in Scientometrics and ‘‘Methods for measuring search engine performance over time’’ (2002) in Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST). These showcased Prof Bar-Ilan’s ability to create different types of research study.

Content analysis and survey research Although Judit is a mathematician and computer scientist, has been an influential advocate of the content analysis methodology in scientometric research. She first used it to study

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posts to a library-related internet discussion list in 1997 and subsequently employed it in at least eight other studies, including ‘‘The Web as information source on informetrics? A content analysis’’ (2000) in JASIS and ‘‘Results of an extensive search for S&T indicators on the Web—A content analysis’’ (2000) in Scientometrics. Her championing of content analysis was an important step to help ground emerging web research in reality, saving it from exaggerated claims that could not stand up to close examination with this technique. She has also used surveys as an instrument to get the user perspective on internet issues, as with ‘‘Survey on the use of electronic databases and electronic journals accessed through the Web by the academic staff of Israeli universities’’ (2003) and ‘‘Information needs of Israelis on citizen-related information: Results of a survey’’ (2011). A third qualitative/quantitative method that she has used is the user study, as in, ‘‘Presentation bias is significant in determining user preference for search results—A user study’’ (2009). She has also analysed interviews in, ‘‘The role of information in a lifetime process—A model of weight maintenance by women over long time periods’’ (2006). This willingness to engage with diverse qualitative methods is highly unusual, and perhaps unique, in our field.

Webometrics: link analysis Professor Bar-Ilan branched out from her search engine studies to analyse hyperlinks on the web through search engine queries in the days when major search engines could be used to find them. She started with, ‘‘How much information search engines disclose on the links to a Web page?—A longitudinal case study of the ‘Cybermetrics’ home page’’ in 2002 and her work culminated with the major theoretical contribution ‘‘What do we know about links and linking? A framework for studying links in academic environments’’ in Information Processing and Management (2005). This made important progress for webometric studies that investigated using hyperlinks to assess the impact of academic research, eventually leading to the altmetrics field.

Information retrieval and web dynamics Professor Bar-Ilan has continued to publish computer science research despite her contributions to scientometrics. Her interests seem to have moved towards information science topics, such as for the papers, ‘‘Criteria for evaluating information retrieval systems in highly dynamic environments’’ (2002), ‘‘Dynamics of search engine rankings—A case study’’ (2004), and ‘‘Comparing rankings of search results on the web’’ (2005).

Language issues Judit has written in different languages and has taken an ongoing interest in language issues for search engines, as expressed in her paper, ‘‘How do search engines respond to some non-English queries?’’ (2005). This has been demonstrated by her papers, ‘‘Demonstration of Hebrew language retrieval capabilities from the Web as of the beginning of 2005’’ (2006, Hebrew), and ‘‘The aptness of search engines for German queries’’, (2005, German, second author).

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Citation analysis and Google Scholar Starting in 2006, Judit Bar-Ilan began to publish citation analyses. Her first paper on this topic was, ‘‘An ego-centric citation analysis of the works of Michael O. Rabin based on multiple citation indexes’’ (2006) in Information Processing & Management. Her contribution with this paper was to compare the citations found by the Web of Science with those from the (then) new web citation indexes, Google Scholar (launched in November 2004) and CiteSeer (from 1998). She showed that the results varied considerably between them. The focus on an individual again allowed her to write an interesting paper on an issue that is central to the field. A follow up paper, ‘‘Citations to the ‘Introduction to Informetrics’ indexed by WOS, Scopus and Google Scholar’’ (2010) updated the findings from a different perspective and another looked at updates to WOS, ‘‘Web of Science with the Conference Proceedings Citation Indexes—The case of Computer Science’’ (2010). She continued citation analysis research with h-index studies that compared different sources of citation data, such as her highly influential paper, ‘‘Which h-index?—A comparison of WoS, Scopus and Google Scholar’’ (2008) with 566 citations by September 2017 according to (fittingly) Google Scholar. Another h-index study included the JIF, ‘‘Rankings of Information and Library Science journals by JIF and by h-type indices’’ (2010). Although it has not yet been widely adopted, we would probably all agree with her ‘‘Journal report card’’ (2012) in Scientometrics as a rounded replacement for the JIF.

Altmetrics Judit has contributed many studies to the area of altmetrics, which, building on earlier webometrics research, uses social web indicators for assessing the wider impacts of scholarly outputs. As well as many collaborative publications, she wrote, ‘‘JASIST@Mendeley’’ (2012), ‘‘Astrophysics publications on arXiv, Scopus and Mendeley: A case study’’ (2014), and ‘‘Altmetric gender bias—An exploratory study’’ (2015).

Libraries Judit Bar-Ilan has maintained a long-term research interest in the use of the web in the context of libraries. Her papers on this topic include ‘‘The use of Weblogs (blogs) by librarians and libraries to disseminate information’’ (2007). She has also researched the internet librarian topic of tagging, with papers including ‘‘Structured versus unstructured tagging—A case study’’ (2008), ‘‘The effects of background information and social interaction on image tagging’’ (2010) in JASIST, and ‘‘Tagbased retrieval of images through different interfaces—A user study’’ (2012).

Internet research Although most of Judit’s research has been related to the internet and has fitted within the broad area of information science, she has also branched out into other internet topics, such as with the paper, ‘‘Israeli parties and party leaders on Facebook during the 2013 election campaign’’ (2015).

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Summary The above discussion has almost exclusively dealt with papers that were written by Judit as the first or sole author but she has also collaborated extensively with others. According to the computer science bibliography DBLP (http://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/b/Bar=Ilan: Judit), she has at least 76 co-authors, including many current and former Ph.D. students. In summary, although her main publishing area is Informetrics, Professor Judit Bar-Ilan has also made substantial contributions to information retrieval, internet research, and information behaviour. It is difficult so say to which area she has most contributed but all are in her debt.

Bibliography Bar-Ilan, J., & Beaver, D. (1989). Noncryptographic fault tolerant computing in a constant number of rounds of interaction. In Proceedings of the Eighth Annual ACM Symposium of Distributed Computing (pp. 201–211). Edmonton, Canada. Bar-Ilan, J., & Zernik, D. (1989). Random leaders and random spanning trees. In Proceedings of WDAG’. WDAG, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 392, pp. 1–12). Springer Verlag, Nice, France. Bar-Ilan, J., Kortsarz, G., & Peleg, D. (1993). How to allocate network centers. Journal of Algorithms, 15, 385–415. Lazinger, S. S., Bar-Ilan, J., Peritz, B. C., & Shickman, D. (1993). Using a local area network as an interface to wide area networks in library and information science education. In Proceedings of the 17th International Online Information Meeting (pp. 651–660). London, England. Bar-Ilan, J., Kortsarz, G., & Peleg, D. (1994). Information centre allocation. The Electronic Library, 12, 361–365. Bar-Ilan, J., & Lazinger, S. S. (1995). Setting up a Web home page: A case study in ‘design by perusal’. In Proceedings of the 19th International Online Information Meeting, pp. 189–196. Bar-Ilan, J., & Peleg, D. (1996). Scheduling jobs using common resources. Information and Computation, 125, 52–61. Bar-Ilan, J. (1996). Security issues on the Internet. The Electronic Library, 14, 37–42. Lazinger, S. S., Bar-Ilan, J., & Peritz, B. C. (1997). Internet use by faculty members in various disciplines: A comparative case study. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 48(6), 508–518. Bar-Ilan, J. (1997). The ‘mad cow disease, Usenet Newsgroups and bibliometric laws. Scientometrics, 39(1), 29–55. Bar-Ilan, J., Lazinger, S. S., & Peritz, B. C. (1997). Ha-shimush ba-INTERNET ba-kerev segel haUniversitah ha-Ivrit. Devarim Ahadim, 2, 153–164 (in Hebrew). Bar-Ilan, J., & Assouline, B. (1997). A content analysis of PUBYAC—A preliminary study. Information Technology and Libraries, 16(4), 165–174. Bar-Ilan, J. (1998a). On the overlap, the precision and estimated recall of search engines—A case study of the query ‘Erdos’. Scientometrics, 42(2), 207–228. Bar-Ilan, J. (1998b). The mathematician, Paul Erdos (1913–1996) in the eyes of the Internet. Scientometrics, 43(2), 257–267. Bar-Ilan, J., & Peritz, B. C. (1999). The life span of a specific topic on the Web; the case of ‘informetrics’: A quantitative analysis. Scientometrics, 46(3), 371–382. Bar-Ilan, J. (1999). Search engine results over time—A case study on search engine stability, Cybermetrics, 2/3(1). Available at: http://www.cindoc.csic.es/cybermetrics/articles/v2i1p1.html. Aumann, Y., Bar-Ilan, J., & Feige, U. (2000). On the cost of precomputing: Tight bounds on pebbling with faults. Theoretical Computer Science, 233(1–2), 247–261. Bar-Ilan, J. (2000a). The Web as information source on informetrics? A content analysis. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51(5), 432–443. Bar-Ilan, J. (2000b). Results of an extensive search for S&T indicators on the Web—A content analysis. Scientometrics, 49(2), 257–277. Bar-Ilan, J. (2000c). Evaluating the stability of the search tools Hotbot and Snap: A case study. Online Information Review, 24(6), 430–450.

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Scientometrics Bar-Ilan, J., Kortsarz, G., & Peleg, D. (2001). Generalized submodular cover problems and applications. Theoretical Computer Science, 250, 179–2000. Bar-Ilan, J. (2001). Data collection methods on the Web for informetric purposes—A review and analysis. Scientometrics, 50(1), 7–32. Bar-Ilan, J. (2002a). Methods for measuring search engine performance over time. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 54(3), 308–319. Bar-Ilan, J. (2002). Criteria for evaluating information retrieval systems in highly dynamic environments. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Web Dynamics, Honolulu, Hawaii. Available at: http://www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/*ap/webDyn2/onlineProceedings.html. Bar-Ilan, J., & Peritz, B. C. (2002). Informetric theories and methods for exploring the Internet: An analytical survey of recent research. Library Trends, 50(3), 371–392. Peritz, B. C., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2002). The sources used by bibliometrics-scientometrics as reflected in references. Scientometrics, 54(2), 269–284. Bar-Ilan, J. (2002c). How much information search engines disclose on the links to a Web page?—A longitudinal case study of the ‘Cybermetrics’ home page. Journal of Information Science, 28(6), 455–466. Bar-Ilan, J., & Groisman, N. (2003). Modern Hebrew literature on the Web: A content analysis. Online Information Review, 27(2), 77–86. Bar-Ilan, J. (2004a). The use of Web search engines in information science research. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 38, 231–288. Bar-Ilan, J., Peritz, B. C., & Wolman, Y. A. (2003). Survey on the use of electronic databases and electronic journals accessed through the Web by the academic staff of Israeli universities. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 29(6), 346–361. Bar-Ilan, J. (2004b). Self-linking and self-linked rates of academic institutions on the Web. Scientometrics, 59(1), 29–41. Bar-Ilan, J. (2004c). A microscopic link analysis of academic institutions within a country—The case of Israel. Scientometrics, 59(3), 391–403. Bar-Ilan, J., & Peritz, B. C. (2004). Evolution, continuity and disappearance of documents on a specific topic on the Web—A longitudinal study of ‘informetrics’. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55(11), 980–990. Bar-Ilan, J. (2004). Blogarians—A new breed of librarians. In Proceedings of the ASIST 2004 Annual Meeting (pp. 119–128). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Bar-Ilan, J. (2005a). What do we know about links and linking? A framework for studying links in academic environments. Information Processing and Management, 41(4), 973–986. Bar-Ilan, J., & Gutman, T. (2005). How do search engines respond to some non-English queries? Journal of Information Science, 31(1), 13–28. Guggenheim, E., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2005). Tauglichkeit von Suchmaschinen fu¨r deutschesprachige Abfragen (The aptness of search engines for German queries) Information. Wissenschaft und Praxis, 56(1), 35–40. Barsky, E., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2005). From the search problem through query formulation to results on the Web. Online Information Review, 29(1), 75–89. Bar-Ilan, J., & Echerman, A. (2005). The anthrax scare and the Web: A content analysis of Web pages linking to resources on anthrax. Scientometrics, 63(3), 443–462. Bar-Ilan, J. (2005b). Information hub blogs. Journal of Information Science, 31(4), 297–307. Bar-Ilan, J. (2005c). Comparing rankings of search results on the web. Information Processing and Management, 41(6), 973–986. Bar-Ilan, J. (2005). Expectations versus reality—Search engine features needed for Web research at mid 2005. Cybermetrics, 9(2). Available at: http://www.cindoc.csic.es/cybermetrics/articles/v9i1p2.html. Levene, M., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2005). Comparing move choices of chess search engines. ICGA Journal, 28(2), 67–76. Bar-Ilan, J., & Fink, N. (2005). Preference for electronic format of scientific journals—A case study of the Science Library users at the Hebrew University. Library and Information Science Research, 27, 363–376. Bar-Ilan, J. (2006a). Demonstration of Hebrew language retrieval capabilities from the Web as of the beginning of 2005. Meidaat, 2, 68–78 (in Hebrew). Bar-Ilan, J., Mat-Hassan, M., & Levene, M. (2006a). Methods for comparing rankings of search engine results. Computer Networks, 50(10), 1448–1463. Bar-Ilan, J. (2006b). An ego-centric citation analysis of the works of Michael O. Rabin based on multiple citation indexes. Information Processing and Management, 42(6), 1553–1566.

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Scientometrics Bar-Ilan, J., Shalom, N., Baruchson-Arbib, S., Shoham, S., & Getz, I. (2006). The role of information in a lifetime process—A model of weight maintenance by women over long time periods. Information Research, 11(4), paper 263. Available at: http://InformationR.net/ir/11-4/paper263.html. Bar-Ilan, J., Levene, M., & Mat-Hassan, M. (2006c). Methods for evaluating dynamic changes in search engine rankings—A case study. Journal of Documentation, 62(6), 708–729. Bar-Ilan, J. (2006). False Web memories: A case study on finding information about Andrei Broder. First Monday, 11(9). http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue11_9/barilan/index.html. Bar-Ilan, J. (2006d). Web links and search engine ranking—The case of Google and the query Jew. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57(12), 1581–1589. Bar-Ilan, J., Levene, M., & Lin, A. (2007a). Some measures for comparing citation databases. Journal of Informetrics, 1(1), 26–34. Bar-Ilan, J., & Belous, Y. (2007). Children as architects of Web directories—An exploratory study. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(6), 895–907. Bar-Ilan, J., Keenoy, K., Yaari, E., & Levene, M. (2007b). User rankings of search engine results. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(9), 1254–1266. Bar-Ilan, J. (2007a). Google bombing from a time perspective. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(3), 910–938. Levene, M., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2007). Comparing typical opening move choices made by humans and chess engines. Computer Journal, 50(5), 567–573. Bar-Ilan J. (2007). Position paper: Access to query logs—An academic researcher’s point of view. Log analysis workshop, WWW2007. Available at: http://www2007.org/workshops/paper_39.pdf. Bar-Ilan, J. (2007c). Manipulating search engine algorithms: The case of Google. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 5(2/3), 155–166. Ravid, G., Bar-Ilan, J., Rafaeli, S., & Baruchson-Arbib, S. (2007). Popularity and findability through log analysis of search terms and queries: The case of a multilingual public service Web site. Journal of Information Science, 33(5), 567–583. Bar-Ilan, J. (2007). The use of Weblogs (blogs) by librarians and libraries to disseminate information. Information Research, 12(4) Available at: http://informationr.net/ir/12-4/paper323.html. Bar-Ilan, J. (2008a). Informetrics at the beginning of the 21st century—A review. Journal of Informetrics, 2(1), 1–52. Bar-Ilan, J. (2008b). Which h-index?—A comparison of WoS, Scopus and Google Scholar. Scientometrics, 74(2), 257–271. Bar-Ilan, J. (2008c). The h-index of h-index and of other informetric topics. Scientometrics, 75(3), 591–605. Bar-Ilan, J., Shoham, S., Idan, A., Miller, Y., & Shachak, A. (2008). Structured versus unstructured tagging—A case study. Online Information Review, 32(5), 635–647. Fink-Shamit, N. & Bar-Ilan, J. (2008). Information quality assessment on the Web—An expression of behavior. Information Research, 13(4). Available at: http://informationr.net/ir/13-4/paper357.html. Bar-Ilan, J. (2008d). Attentes versus re´alite´—Fonctionnalite´s de moteurs ne´cessaires pour la recherche Web en 2008. Questions de Ccommunication, 14, 49–74. Bar-Ilan, J., Keenoy, K., Levene, M., & Yaari, E. (2009a). Presentation bias is significant in determining user preference for search results—A user study. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(1), 135–149. Zimmerman, E., Gla¨nzel, W., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2009). Scholarly collaboration between Europe and Israel: A scientometric examination of a changing landscape. Scientometrics, 78(3), 427–446. Zimmerman, E., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2009). PIM@Academia: How email is used by scholars? Online Information Review, 33(1), 22–42. Bar-Ilan, J., & Peritz, B. C. (2009a). The lifespan of ‘informetrics’ on the Web: An eight year study (1998–2006). Scientometrics, 79(1), 7–25. Bar-Ilan, J., Zhu, Z., & Levene, M. (2009). Topic specific analysis of search queries. In Proceedings of the 2009 workshop on Web Search Click Data, pp. 35–42. Kochavi, L., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2009). Internet forums for parents of children with special needs. Meidaat, 5, 19–41 (in Hebrew). Bar-Ilan, J., & Peritz, B. C. (2009b). A method for measuring the evolution of a topic on the Web—The case of ‘informetrics’. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60, 1730–1740. Thijs, B., Zimmerman, E., Bar-Ilan, J., & Gla¨nzel, W. (2009). Israeli research institutes: A dynamic and evaluative perspective. Research Evaluation, 18(3), 251–260. Bar-Ilan, J. (2009). A closer look at the sources of informetric research. Cybermetrics, 13(1), 4. Available at: http://www.cybermetrics.info/articles/v13i1p4.html.

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Scientometrics Bar-Ilan, J. (2010a). Citations to the ‘Introduction to informetrics’ indexed by WOS, Scopus and Google Scholar. Scientometrics, 82(3), 495–506. Bar-Ilan, J. (2010b). Rankings of information and library science journals by JIF and by h-type indices. Journal of Informetrics, 4(2), 141–147. Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M., Bar-Ilan, J., Miller, Y., & Shoham, S. (2010). A generic framework for collaborative multi-perspective ontology acquisition. Online Information Review, 34(1), 145–159. Bar-Ilan, J. (2010c). Web of Science with the conference proceedings citation indexes—The case of computer science. Scientometrics, 83(3), 809–824. Bar-Ilan, J., Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M., Miller, Y., & Shoham, S. (2010a). The effects of background information and social interaction on image tagging. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(5), 940–951. Aguillo, I., Bar-Ilan, J., Levene, M., & Ortega, J. L. (2010). Comparing university rankings. Scientometrics, 85(1), 243–256. Bar-Ilan, J. (2010). Measuring research impact: A first approximation of the achievements of the iSchools. ISI’s Information and Library Science category—An exploratory study. In Proceedings of iConference. Available at: https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/14925. Ravid, G., Bar-Ilan, J., Baruchson-Arbib, S., Yaari, E., Rafaeli, S., & Weiss, N. (2010). A user survey of a site providing citizen information: Preliminary findings of shil.info. In Proceedings of MCIS 2010. Available at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/mcis2010/69. Weisman, R., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2010). Intranet search patterns in a complex organization—The hybrid information model. In Proceedings of MCIS 2010. Available at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/mcis2010/88. Shema, H., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2010). Sources of health articles in Israeli news websites. Meeidat, 6, 46–64. (In Hebrew). Yaari, E., Baruchson-Arbib, S., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2011). Information quality assessment of communitygenerated content—A user study of Wikipedia. Journal of Information Science, 37(5), 487–498. Bar-Ilan, J., & Levene, M. (2011). A method to assess search engine results. Online Information Review, 36(6), 854–868. Bar-Ilan, J., Baruchson-Arbib, S., Rafaeli, S., Ravid, G., & Yaari, E. (2011). Information needs of Israelis on citizen-related information: Results of a survey. Libri, 61, 298–308. Finzi, S., Bronstein, J., Bar-Ilan, J., Baruchson-Arbib, S., Rafaeli, S., & Ravid, G. (2012). Volunteers acting as information providers to citizens. ASLIB Proceedings, 64(3), 289–303. Azoulay, R., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2012). A map of non-profit organization Websites in Israel. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(6), 1142–1167. Bar-Ilan, J., Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M., Miller, Y., & Shoham, S. (2012a). Tag-based retrieval of images through different interfaces—A user study. Online Information Review, 36(5), 739–757.

A preliminary version appeared as: Bar-Ilan, J., Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M., Miller, Y., & Shoham, S. (2010). Tag cloud and ontology based retrieval of images. In Proceedings of the Third Symposium of Information Interaction in Context, Vol. IIiX, pp. 85–94. Bar-Ilan, J. (2012a). Journal report card. Scientometrics, 92(2), 249–260. Shema, H., Bar-Ilan, J., & Thelwall, M. (2012). Research blogs and the discussion of scholarly information. PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035869. Barsky, L., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2012). The impact of task phrasing on the choice of search keywords and on the search process and success. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(10), 1987–2005. Bar-Ilan, J. (2012b). JASIST 2001-2010. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 38(6), 24–28. Bar-Ilan, J., Haustein, S., Peters, I., Priem, J., Shema, S., & Terliesner, J. (2012b). Beyond citations: Scholars’ visibility on the social Web. In E. Archambault, Y. Gingras, & V. Lariviere (Eds.), Proceedings of the 17th international conference on science and technology indicators (pp. 98–109). Montreal: Science Metrix and OST. Shalom, N., Baruchson-Arbib, S., Bar-Ilan, J., Rafaeli, S., & Ravid, G. (2012). A case study of a citizen’s advisory center at the Kotar Rishon library in Rishon Le-Zion. Meidaat, 8, 16–33. (In Hebrew). Levene, M., Fenner, T., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2012). A bibliometric index based on the complete list of cited publications. Cybermetrics, 16. Available at: http://cybermetrics.cindoc.csic.es/articles/v16i1p1.html. Greenberg, S., Yaari, E., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2013). Perceived credibility of blogs on the Internet—The influence of age on the extent of criticism. Aslib Proceedings, 65(1), 4–18.

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Scientometrics Bergman, O., Gradovitch, N., Bar-Ilan, J., & Beyth-Marom, R. (2013). Folder versus tag preference in personal information management. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64(1), 1995–2012. Haustein, S., Peters, I., Bar-Ilan, J., Priem, J., Shema, H., & Terliesner, J. (2014). Coverage and adoption of altmetrics sources in the bibliometric community. Scientometrics, 101, 1145–1163. doi:10.1007/ s11192-013-1221-3. Shema, H., Bar-Ilan, J., & Thelwall, M. (2014). Do blog citations correlate with a higher number of future citations? Research blogs as a potential for alternative metrics. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 65(5), 1018–1027. doi:10.1002/asi.23037. Ravid, G., Bar-Ilan, J., Baruchson-Arbib, S., Yaari, E., Aharony, N., Rafaeli, S., et al. (2014). I just wanted to ask: A comparison of user studies of the Citizen Advice Bureau (SHIL) in Israel. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 46(1), 21–31. Greenberg, R., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2014). Information needs of students in Israel—A case study of a multicultural society. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 42(2), 185–191. doi:10.1016/j.acalib.2013.10. 002. Bar-Ilan, J. (2014a). Astrophysics publications on arXiv, Scopus and Mendeley: A case study. Scientometrics, 100, 217–225. doi:10.1007/s11192-013-1215-1. Shema, H., Bar-Ilan, J., & Thelwall, M. (2015). How research is blogged? A content analysis approach. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66(6), 1136–1149. doi:10.1002/ asi.23239. Shveiky, R., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2014). National libraries’ traditional collection policy facing Web archiving. Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues, 24(2), 1–36. Bar-Ilan, J.(2014). JASIST@Mendeley revisited. Altmetrics14: Expanding impacts and metrics workshop. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1031681. Bar-Ilan, J., & Aharony N. (2014). Twelve years of Wikipedia research. In Proceeding of the ACM WebScience 2014 Conference, pp. 243–244. Bar-Ilan, J., & van der Weijden, I. (2014). Altmetric gender bias?—Preliminary results. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators, pp. 26–29. Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2014). Towards maximal unification of semantically diverse ontologies for controversial domains. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 66(5), 494–518. Bar-Ilan, J., & Levene, M. (2015). The hw-rank: An h-index variant for ranking web pages. Scientometrics, 102, 2247–2253. doi:10.1007/s11192-014-1477-2. Greenberg, R., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2015). Ask a librarian—Comparing virtual reference services in an Israeli academic library. Library and Information Science Research, 37(2), 139–146. doi:10.1016/j.lisr.2014. 09.005. Bar-Ilan, J., Bronstein, J., & Aharony, N. (2015). Israeli parties and party leaders on Facebook during the 2013 election campaign. In Proceedings of iConference 2015. Available at: https://www.ideals.illinois. edu/bitstream/handle/2142/73671/23_ready.pdf?sequence=2. Halevi, G., Moed, H. F., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2015). Accessing, reading and interacting with scientific literature as a factor of academic role. Publishing Research Quarterly, 31(2), 102–121. Bar-Ilan, J., & van der Weijden, I. (2015). Altmetric gender bias—An exploratory study. International Journal of Computer Science: Theory and Application, 4(1), 16–22. Bar-Ilan, J., & Aharony, N. (2015). A bibliometric analysis of Wikipedia research. In International Conference on Internet Studies (NETs2015). http://academic.atisr.org/NETs2015CD/NETs2015_137_A_ BIBLIOMETRC.pdf. Amichai-Hamburger, Y., Tali Gazit, T., Bar-Ilan, J., Perez, O., Aharony, N., Bronstein, J., et al. (2016). Psychological factors behind the lack of participation in online discussions. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 268–277. Halevi, G., Moed, H. F., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2016a). Researchers’ mobility, productivity and impact: Case of top producing authors in seven disciplines. Publications Research Quarterly, 32(1), 22–37. doi:10.1007/ s12109-015-9437-0. Greenberg, R., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2016). Library metrics—studying academic users’ information retrieval behavior: A case study of an Israeli university library. Journal of Librarianship & Information Science. doi:10.1177/0961000616640031. Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M., Erez, E. S., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2017a). Toward multiviewpoint ontology construction by collaboration of non-experts and crowdsourcing: The case of the effect of diet on health. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. doi:10.1002/asi.23686. Aharony, N., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2016a). Students’ reading preferences: An exploratory study. Journal of Librarianship & Information Science. doi:10.1177/0961000616656044.

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Scientometrics Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M., Bar-Ilan, J., & Levene, M. (2016a). Testing the stability of ‘‘wisdom of crowds’’ judgments of search results over time and their similarity with the search engine rankings. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 68(4), 407–427. Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M., Bar-Ilan, J., & Levene, M. (2017b). Analysis of change in users’ assessment of search results over time. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 68, 1137–1148. Moed, H. F., Bar-Ilan, J., & Halevi, G. (2016). A new methodology for comparing Google Scholar and Scopus. Journal of Informetrics, 10(2), 533–551. Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M., Bar-Ilan, J., & Levene, M. (2016b). A Markov chain model for changes in users’ assessment of search results. PLoS ONE, 11(5), e0155285. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155285. Halevi, G., Nicolas, B., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2016b). The complexity of measuring the impact of books. Publishing Research Quarterly, 32(3), 187–200. Aharony, N., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2016). Students’ perceptions on MOOCs: An exploratory study. Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning, 12, 142–162. Retrieved from http://www. informingscience.org/Publications/3540. Halevi, G., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2016). Post retraction citation in context. In: Proceedings of BIRNDL 2016 Joint Workshop on Bibliometric-enhanced Information Retrieval and NLP for Digital Libraries. Retrieved from http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1610/paper3.pdf.

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