New species and new combinations in Peruvian Orchidaceae DAVID E. BENNETT, JR. AND ERIC A . CHRISTENSON ~
Bennett, David E., Jr. (Francisco Tudela Varela 229 Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru) and Eric A. Christenson (The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 104585126, U.S.A.). New species and new combinations in Peruvian Orchidaceae. Brittonia 46: 24-53. 1994.--seventeen new species and combinations are proposed in the genera Chondrorhyncha, Cischweinfia, Cochlioda, Eloyella, Encyclia, Kefersteinia, Koellensteinia, Macroclinium, Rodriguezia, Solenidiopsis, and Stenia. All new species are illustrated. A key is provided for 2-flowered species of Macroclinium, Peruvian Sigmatostalix, and Peruvian Stenia. Solenidium (Solenidiopsis) peruvianum Schltr. is lectotypified. Key words: Peru, Orchidaceae, Chondrorhyncha, Cischweinfia, Cochlioda, Eloyella, Encyclia, Kefersteinia, Koellensteinia, Macroclinium, Rodriguezia, Sigmatostalix, Solenidiopsis, Stenia.
This article continues the systematic cataloging, description, and illustration of orchid species from Peru (Bennett, 1992, 1993; Bennett & Fernandez, 1992; Dodson & Bennett, 1989). The plants studied for this article were collected by a number of collectors and then flowered under cultivation in Lima, Peru, in the garden o f the senior author. Reported phenology is based on field knowledge combined with data from cultivation.
Chondrorhyncha Lindl. Chondrorhyncha plicata D. E. Benn. & Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. I) TYPE: PERU. JUMN: Kivinaki, N margin o f Ri6 Peren6, 1700 m, 26 Mar 1992, O.
del Castillo s.n. ex D. Bennett 5507 (HOLOTYPE: USM). Species haec Chondrorhynchae viridisepalae Senghas similis sed labello plicato, callo biporcato et foliis angustis differt.
Current address for reprint requests: 1646 Oak St., Sarasota, FL 34236, U.S.A.
Caespitose, acaulous epiphytes to 21 cm tall, producing fan-shaped growths. Leaves 5-6, lanceolate, long acuminate, conduplicate at the base, midvein carinate, 15-21 • 1.5-1.9 cm, dark green, stiff, articulated to imbricating sheaths. Inflorescences lax axillary scapes. Flowers campanulate with spreading lateral sepals, pale greenish-white, the labellum cream-white with lavender and yellow markings, the column and anther cream-white, the pollinia yellow. Dorsal sepal oblong, acute, concave, 1.8 x 0.8 cm. Lateralsepals lanceolate, subacute, strongly concave, divergent, 2.6 x 0.7 cm. Petals o b o v a t e - s p a t u l a t e , m u c r o n u l a t e , distal margins lightly pleated, 2.3 x 0.8 cm, obliquely adnate to column foot. Labellum unlobed, tubular, 2.4 x 1.8 cm, the outer 1/3 constricted and transversely thickened, verrucose across the middle, apex recurved, margins with many pleats, the callus of two elongate low, broad ribs, converging, thicker and free at the oblique tips. Column arcuate, clavate, fleshy, 1.75 x 0.6 cm, ventral surface covered with long verrucose processes. Pollinaria to 4.5 m m long, the pollinia 4 in 2 very unequal pairs, the larger 3.5 x 1.1 mm, the smaller 2.1 x 0.9 mm, on a small ovate stipe and elliptic viscid-
Brittonia, 46(1), 1994, pp. 24-53. 9 1994, by The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126
ISSUED: 29 March 1994
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FIG. 1. Chondrorhyncha plicata (drawn from Bennett 5507). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower in profile. C. Labellum and column in profile. D. Labellum from above. E. Column from the side with close-up of surface texture. F. Column from below. G. Floral dissection with close-ups of apices. H. Anther cap. I. Pollinarium.
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ium. Ovary and pedicel to 1.1 cm long, subtended by an ovate, acuminate floral bract to 0.5 cm long. Etymology: From the Latin plicatus, meaning pleated, in reference to the pleated mid-lobe of the labellum. Habitat: Wet montane forest. Flowering in the spring months of October to November.
margins revolute, 1.35 x 1.68 cm, the disc with a low oblong thickening near the base. Column elongate, somewhat dorsoventrally complanate, 9 x 3 mm, the hooded clinandrium continuous with lateral column wings, the stigma bilobed, sparsely hispid laterally. Anther operculum globose, sparsely tuberculate-spiculate, narrowly cuneate below, 2.5 x 1.5 mm, pollinarium 3.5 m m long, pollinia 2, the stipe triangular-spatulate, the PARATYPE:PERU.Dept. Piura: Prov. Ayabaca,Ruinas de Aypate,belowsummit, 1950 m, J. Campoverde viscidium minute. Etymology" Named in honor of Mark W. ex D. Bennett 5723 (NY). Chase for his contributions to orchid sysChondrorhynchaplicata differs from other tematics. species in having a 2-ribbed, elongate callus Habitat: Montane wet forest. Flowering with the apices free and converging, the con- from January to February. stricted labellum with transverse, verrucose This species is distinguished by the transthickening, and the pleated margins of the verse, broadly ovate, emarginate, apiculate mid-lobe. It is similar to the Peruvian C. labellum, the slightly dorsoventrally comaurantiaca Senghas but differs by the very pressed column with a broad spreading different color and callus shape and to the hood, and the tuberculate-spiculate, globose Ecuadorian C. viridisepala Senghas but dif- operculum. fers by the plicate labellum, shape of the callus, and very differently shaped leaves. Cochlioda Lindl. Cischweinfia Dressier & N. H. Williams
Cochlioda chasei D. E. Benn. & Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 3)
Cischweinfia chasei D. E. Benn. & Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 2)
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Amazonas: Prov. B6ngara, reportedly from Rio Nieva above 1700 m, 20 Nov 1987, M. Arias exD. Bennett & M. Chase 4080 (HOLOTYPE: USM).
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Huanuco: Leoncio Prado, above Tingo Maria near Cueva de Las Pavas, 1000 m, 19 Jan 1989, E. Jara P. ex D. Bennett 4497 (HOLOTYPE: USM). Species haec Cischweinfiae rostratae Dressler & N. H. Williamssimilis sed anthera tuberculata et labello albo differt. Small epiphytes to 15 cm tall. Pseudobulbs approximate, elliptic-oblong, complanate, rugose, 45 x 9 ram, subtended at the base by 2 pairs of distichous, imbricating bracts, the upper pair foliaceous. L e a f solitary, linear-lanceolate, acute, to 14 x 1.3 cm. Inflorescences short, axillary, loosely 23 flowered racemes. Sepals and petals pale green, the labellum white, the column white tinted pale rose below, the anther red-brown, the stipe hyaline, the pollinia bright yellow. Sepals and petals subsimilar, subequal, lanceolate, acute-carinate, 1.6-1.7 x 0.4-0.5 mm. Labellum transversely broadly ovate, concave, very shortly clawed, with lateral
Specieshaec Cochliodaeroseae(Lindl.)Benth. similis sed labello biauriculatocallo sparsim piloso differt. Epiphytes to 20 cm tall. Pseudobulbs ovoid-pyriform, compressed, 2.5--8.0 x 1.24.0 cm, subtended by several distichous, imbricating foliaccous sheaths. Leaves 2, oval to elliptic-oblong, shortly acute to retuse, 4.0-14.5 x 4 cm, dark green. Inflorescences few-flowered basal racemes; peduncle 15-25 cm, terete, with 7-10 distant bracts. Flowers dark rose-purple, the labellum white with lilac blotches on callus teeth, mid-lobe tinted lilac, the column white with lilac markings basaUy tinted pale lilac. Dorsal sepal oblong-obovate, apex conduplicate, apiculate, 1.1 x 0.4 cm. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic, apex keeled, apiculate, 1.2 x 0.4 cm. Petals obliquely elliptic-oblanceolate, acuminate, 1.0 x 0.4 cm. Labellum trullate, cuneate, lateral lobes spreading,
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F1c. 2. Cischweinfia chasei (drawn from Bennett 4497). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower in profile, C. Labellum and column in profile. D. Column from below. E, Labellum spread. F, Close-up of labellum apex. G. Floral dissection. H. Anther cap. I. Pollinarium.
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FIG. 3. Cochlioda chasei (drawn from Bennett & Chase 4080). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum and column in profile. D. Column from above. E. Close-up of column. F. Labellum from above. G. Floral dissection with close-ups of apices. H. Pollinarium.
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midlobe reflexed, 1.1 x 0.8 cm, with sparsely hispid 4-ridged callus. Column 0.6 x 0.3 cm, with prominent apical oblong-triangular acuminate auricles and separated, obovate, stigmatic cavities; rostellum shortly bifid extending downward between thickened, protruding stigmatic lobes. Pollinarium of 2 obovoid, slightly cleft pollinia, the stipe oblong with involute wings, the viscidium elliptic. Etymology: Named in honor of Mark W. Chase, a comprehending teacher, expert on the Oncidiinae, and frequent author on orchid systematics. Habitat: Montane wet forest. Flowering October to December. Cochlioda chasei is distinguished by the rose-purple coloration, labellum very shortly adnate to column, inner keels semiterete, free apex cylindric and obtuse, column auricles large. Mark Chase (pers. comm.) indicates that the type plant illustrated here was not fully developed and has increased 3 to 4 times in size in cultivation.
Eloyella P. Ortiz Eloyella bifida D. E. Benn. & Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 4) TYPE: PERU. Dept. Amazonas: Prov. Bongara, ca. 1800 m, exact locality not given, M. Arias ex D. Bennett 3763 (HOLOTYPE: USM). Species haec Eloyellae cundinamarcae (P. Ortiz) P. Ortiz similissed ligulaerecta bifida. Small equitant monopodial epiphytes to 6 cm tall. Roots pubescent. Leaves 10-12, distichous, imbricating slightly at base, falcate, compressed laterally, articulated to basal sheath, 2-3.0 x 0.5 cm. Inflorescences axillary, 5-7 flowered racemes, exceeding the leaves to 5 cm long, with ovate-acuminate, concave floral bracts subequal to the ovary. Flowers greenish yellow with a purple blotch at the column base. Sepals subsimilar, oblong, slightly broader across apex, curved forward, carinate, acute, 0.350.4 x 0.1--0.12 cm. Petals oblanceolate, acute, carinate, 0.35 x 0.12 cm. Labellum broadly lanceolate, convex, recurved, acute, 0.45 x 0.25 cm, with 5 longitudinal central
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verrucose nerves; callus very prominent with a raised, semiobovate, thick ridge and an erect, bifid, basal ligule. Column erect, slightly arcuate, 0.25 x 0.1 cm; anther basally minutely tuberculate, 0.1 x 0.1 cm; pollinarium of 4 hard pollinia, 0.12 x 0.08 cm; stipe broad, attenuate; viscidium minute. Etymology: From the Latin bi "two" and fidus "divided" for the distinctly bifid ligulate callus. Habitat: Lower cloud forest. Flowering November to March. Eloyella bifida is distinguished by the narrow, carinate sepals and petals, the labellum having a large semiobovate callus with a recurred bifid ligule at the base.
Encyclia Hook. Encyclia bennettii Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 5) TYPE: PERU. Dept. Huanuco: Prov. Huanuco, near Carpish Pass on Huanuco side, 2350 m, 31 Aug 1985, D. &A. Bennett 3490 (HOLOTYeE: USM). SpecieshaecEncycliaevespae(Vell.)Dresslersimilis sed labello profunde trilobo, pedunculo longo, foliis angustis et petalis undulatisdiffert. Terrestrial, lithophytic or epiphytic plants to 40 cm tall. Rhizome woody, creeping, terete, enveloped by short, scarious bracts. Pseudobulbs cylindric, lightly compressed, slender, 4-5 cm distant, 12-17 x 1 cm, basally enveloped by 2-3 loosely sheathing bracts to beyond the middle, comprising one long internode and one short apical internode (between the leaves). Leaves 2-3 at apex of pseudobulb, oblong, obliquely bilobed apically, mid-vein carinate, to 20 x 1.75 cm. Peduncle erect, 18-19 cm long, subtended by a spathe to 7 cm long, floral bracts minute. Flowers 10-15, sepals brownish orange, petals dark brownish red, labellum purple with a white margin. Sepals subequal; dorsal sepal oblanceolate, acute, reflexed; lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, apically carinate or shortly apiculate. Petals oblanceolate, shortly acuminate, margins undulate, 0.9 x 0.5 cm. Labellum 3-lobed, 0.35 x 0.37 cm, with
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FIG. 4. Eloyella bifida (drawn from Bennett 3763). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum and column in profile. D. Floral dissection. E. Anther cap. F. Pollinarium.
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FI~. 5. Encyclia bennettii (drawn from Bennett 3490). A. Plant in flower with close-up of leaf attachment. B. Flower. C. Column from below. D. Labellum and column in profile. E. Labellum from above. F. Floral dissection.
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central fleshy quadrangular callus; lateral lobes orbicular; middle lobe quadrangular with acute triangular apex. C o l u m n very short, stout, tridentate. Ovary 3-winged. Fruit 3-angled, to 2.7 cm long. Etymology: Named in honor of David E. Bennett, Jr. o f Lima for his on-going contributions to Peruvian orchidology. Habitat: Area of reduced rainfall on Huanuco side o f Carpish Pass; shrubs, herbaceous plants and grass in red-brown heavy clay loam soil with organic litter. Flowering August to October. PARATYPES" PERU. Dept. Amazonas: PROV. CHACHAPOYAS, Leimebamba-La Joya trail, near La-
jasbamba turnoff, 27 May 1977, J. D. Boeke 1793 (MO). Dept.Cusco:PROV.URUBAMBA,88-112 km from Cusco, Santuario Historico de Machupicchu and el Camino Inca, 2300--4150m, 16-19 Mar 1988, P. Nune2 & F. Luna 8862 (MO); PROV. LA CONVENCION, Huayopata, Pistipata drainage (Puncuyo), 10 km SW of Incatambo, 2400 m, 6 Oct 1982, B. Peyton & S. King 1443 (MO). A close relative of the highly variable E. vespa (Veil.) Dressier, E. bennettii is immediately separable by the strongly 3-lobed labellum (at most 3-1obulate in E. vespa, s.l. ) and narrower leaves (less than 2 cm wide). E p i d e n d r u m f e d d e a n u m Kraenzl., conservatively maintained as a separate species by Schweinfurth (1959) and placed in the synonymy o f E. vespa by most authors, was described inaccurately as having a 3-lobed labellum. Examination of a type photograph shows E . f e d d e a n u m to have a slightly 3-1obulate labellum, unlike that of E. bennettiL and within the range of variability accepted for E. vespa. Encyclia bennettii is a member o f A n a c h e i l i u m Hoffmans. when that genus is accepted as separate from Encyclia.
Kefersteinia Rchb. f. Kefersteinia delcastilloi D. E. Bennett &
Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 6) TYPE: PERU. Dept. Junin: Prov. Chanchamayo, above Puerto Yurinaki, 1050 m,
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7 July 1991, O. del Castillo e x D. Bennett 5113 (HOLOTYPE:NY). SpecieshaecKefersteinMe laminatae Rchb. f. similis sed petalis ovatis oblique, callo elongato et columna latialata differt. Caespitose, acaulous epiphytes to 14 cm tall, producing fan-shaped growths. S t e m s completely covered by distichous, imbricating, articulated, conduplicate, foliar sheaths. Leaves lanceolate, acute, mid-vein carinate, thin, 12-14 x 1.6 cm, pale green. Inflorescences multiple scapes from basal leaf axils; peduncle terete, subtended by 2 remote ovate, acute, loose bracts; floral bract subsimilar, smaller. Flowers light green with dark purple to brownish red spots, more dense on the dorsal sepal and petals, the labellum white tinged green with sparsely occurring brownish spots near the middle along the inner margin, the column very pale green, the anther pale cream to nearly white. Dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse to shortly acute, 1.7 x 0.8 cm. Lateralsepals oblique, ovate, basally concave, 2.2 x 0.8 cm. Petals ovate, acute, oblique, 2.2 x 1.2 cm. Labell u m shortly clawed, the blade when expanded broadly oval, 1.5 x 1.2 cm, in natural position sides strongly i ncurved, concave, distal margin strongly reflexed, pleated, the callus extending from the base to beyond the middle of the labellum, consisting of a central, low, rounded, elongate rib, thicker through the basal half, flanked by two nearly erect, compressed, semiovate lobes, attenuate toward the apex. C o l u m n arcuate, with obtuse triangular wings and a prominent ventral keel below the stigma, 1.4 x 0.67 cm, with a prominent foot. AntherO.25 x 0.2 cm. Pollinarium 0.25 x 0.15 cm; pollinia 4 in 2 unequal pairs; stipe ovate, acute; viscidium minute. Etymology: Named for the first collector of the species, Oliveros del Castillo. Habitat: Wet montane forest. Flowering January to March. Kefersteinia delcastilloi is distinguished by the ovate sepals and petals, the elongate callus, the apical margin of the labellum strongly reflexed and pleated, and the obtuse, triangular column wings.
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Fie. 6. Kefersteinia delcastilloi (drawn from Bennett 5113-1). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C-D. Labellum and column. E. Floral dissection. F. Labellum from above with the apex spread. G. Anther cap. H. Pollinarium.
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Kefersteinia jarae D. E. Benn. & Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 7)
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umn base and foot concave, divided; pop linia straight, clavate; stipe and viscidium broad. TYPE: PERU. Dept. Huanuco: ProP. Generic limits within the Zygopetalinae Leoncio Prado, above Tingo Maria near Las are both problematic and fluid. No consenPalmas, 900 m, l0 Nov 1990, E. Jara P. sus has been reached within the taxonomic ex D. Bennett 4752 (HOLOTYPE"NY). community, and such a consensus is unSpecieshaecKefersteiniaebertoldiiJennysimilissed likely to be forthcoming in the near future. columnanon alata, callogranulatoet foliislanceolatis Kefersteinia jarae and its sister species, K. anguste. bertholdii Jenny (as well as the next species, Caespitose, acaulous epiphytes to 9.5 cm K. licethyi), are somewhat atypical species tall, producing fan-shaped growths. Leaves of Kefersteinia on the basis of their minimal several, lanceolate, mid-vein carinate, acu- column wings and labellum that lacks the minate, articulated to conduplicate sheaths typical de flexed broad margin. They have imbricating at base, to 8.0 x 1.4 cm, pale several characters in common with a probdull green. Inflorescences multiple axillary lematic cluster of species, typified by Chonslender scapes. Flowers pale green-yellow drorhyncha caudata Ackerman, that have with red-brown markings towards the base; been transferred to Stenia by Dodson and labellum exterior whitish, interior with dark Bennett (1989), recognized as Chondropurplish red markings intensifying towards rhyncha section Stenioides Senghas & G. the center, the dark red colored areas con- Gerlach (Senghas & Gerlach, 1991), and resisting of short, small tuberculiform cells; cently made the basis for the genus Ackercolumn base clear green-yellow, foot white mania Dodson & R. Escobar (Dodson & with dark red-brown markings; anther pale Escobar, 1993). A conservative approach to yellow mottled red-brown; pollinia yellow- the taxonomy of these plants is recomish white. Sepals and petals subsimilar, el- mended to limit the frequent and confusing liptic, apiculate, 1.15-1.4 x 0.45-0.55 cm, transfer o f species within the group. the petals and lateral sepals oblique. Labellum shortly clawed, 1.1 x 0.6 cm in nat- Kefersteinia licethyi D. E. Benn. & Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 8) ural position; callus transverse, retuse, densely granulate, minutely tuberculate. TYPE: PERU. Pasco: Oxapampa, Caserio Column without wings, dorsal lower half Enefias, between ViUarica and Cacazu, 1200 sparsely pubescent, with a prominent, lon- m, 16 April 1991, O. del Castillo ex D. Bengitudinal, abaxial keel, 0.25 cm long, below nett 5054 (HOLOTYPE:N'Y). stigma descending to become a low ridge Species haecK. bertholdiiJennysimilissed labellurn dividing the concave base and foot, with 8deorsum extensumcallo curvato erecto differt. 10 small blisters on each thickened margin, keel thicker and much wider on the foot. Caespitose, acaulous epiphytes to 7 cm Clinandrium hooded; rostellum ligulate, tall, producing fan-shaped growths. Leaves angled forward; anther 0.23 x 0.21 cm. Pol- several, grading with foliaceous bracts, narlinarium with 4 pollinia in 2 unequal pairs, rowly lanceolate, conduplicate basally, acuclavate, straight, the larger pair 0.3 x 0.1 minate, articulated to sheaths, 5-9 x 1.5 cm; stipe rhombic; viscidium transversely cm. Inflorescences axillary pendent scapes, oblong. the peduncle very slender, with 1-2 bracts Etymology: Named to honor the original below the middle, the floral bracts 2, subopcollector of this species, Enrique Jara P. posite, dissimilar. Sepals and petals pale Habitat: Montane wet forest. Flowering clear green with purple spots and markings October-December and March-May. towards the base, the labellum dark purple, Kefersteinia jarae is distinguished by the distally clear green with pale purple spots, dark blood-red, granulate surface on the la- the callus dark purple, the column clear bellum interior; callus granulate, densely green, the anther whitish lime-green, the short tuberculate; column keel short; col- stipe translucent white, the caudicles yel-
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FIG. 7. Kefersteiniajarae (drawn from Bennett 4752). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum and column in profile. D. Column from below. E. Labellum from above. F. Close-up of callus. G. Floral dissection with close-ups of apices. H. Anther cap. I. Pollinarium.
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FIG. 8. Kefersteinia licethyi (drawn from Bennett 5054). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum from above. D. Column from below. E. Floral dissection with close-ups of apices. F-G. Close-up of callus. H. Labellum and column in profile. I. Anther cap. J. Pollinarium.
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low, the pollinia semiopaque grayish-white. Sepals subsimilar, lanceolate, concave, apices somewhat thickened, with a ventral apicule, 7.3 x 3 mm, the dorsal sepal embracing the column. Petals obliquely oblanceolate, apiculate, 7 x 3 mm. Labellure atypical for the genus, extended downwards 165 degrees to the column axis, clawed, ovate, sides lightly pinched near the middle, apex obtuse, 7.5 x 5 mm, the callus curvate, erect, thick, bidentate. Column erect, claviform, foot short, ventral keel extending from the stigma to the column foot. Anther broadly oblong-obovoid, 2.3 x 1.9 mm, pollinia 4 in 2 unequal pairs, the larger 1.5 x 0.5 mm, the smaller 1.2 x 0.5 ram, the viscidium subrhombic, 1.5 • 1.2 ram. Etymology: Named for Licethy del Castillo Castro, oldest daughter of Sr. Oliveros del Castillo, collector of the species. Habitat: Wet montane forest. Flowering March to April in cultivation in Lima but probably during most of the year in the wild. Kefersteinia licethyi is an extremely unusual species of Kefersteinia that is distinguished by the downward extended labellure with a curvate, erect callus. Kefersteinia salustianae D. E. Benn. & Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 9)
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Junin: Prov. Chanchamayo, Tirol, 7 km E of San Ramon, 1200 m, 15 Mar 1992, S. Castro ex D. Bennett 5455 (HOLOTYPE: N Y ) . Species haee K. j a r a e D. E. Benn. & Christenson similis sed columnae alis brevibus et sepalis petalisque immaculatis.
Acaulous epiphytes to 17.5 cm tall, producing fan-shaped growths, with prominent, more or less ascending rhizome. Leaves several, grading into bracts, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, elongate, conduplicate, distichous, petiolate, acuminate, acute to minutely apiculate, 16-17.5 • 1.85 cm, dark green. Inflorescences multiple axillary stapes, laxly erect, terete, to 6.0 cm long, subtended by 2 floral bracts, larger bract nearly surrounding peduncle, transverse, ovate-reniform, 0.43 x 0.9 cm. Flowers pale yellowish green, the labellum clear yellow with reddish brown spots and blotches on
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the basal half of the concave involute sides of iabellum; callus yellow with scattered small reddish spots; column same color as the sepals with small red spots dispersed over ventral surface; anther dull yellow suffused reddish brown; pollinia wax-white. Sepals subsimilar, ovate-elliptic, acuteapiculate, spreading, 1.5-1.8 x 0.9-1.0 cm; the lateral sepals larger, slightly oblique, concave and shortly connate at the base, adnate to column foot. Petals oblique, ovateelliptic, acute to apiculate, mid-vein thickened, 1.67 x 0.9 cm. Labellum concave to subsaccate, obscurely 3-lobed, shortly clawed, 1.1 x 1.25 cm; lateral lobes rounded, concave; midlobe transversely reniform, erose, reflexed; callus of 3 longitudinal ridges to midpoint, 4-dentate apically, minutely tuberculate, 0.72 x 0.4 cm. Column convex above, more or less flat to lightly convex below, sparsely short pubescent, with a small, short keel extending below the stigma, 1.3 cm long, 0.52 cm broad across widespreading wings, the foot pronounced; anther 0.15 x 0.175 cm; pollinia 4 in 2 unequal pairs, clavate, concave, larger pair 0.18 x 0.55 cm, smaller pair 0.14 x 0.5 cm; stipe oblong, acute. Etymology: Named to honor Salustiana Castro, a member of the Ashininga Indian Tribe, who first collected the species. Habitat: Montane wet forest. Flowering from February to May. PARATYPE: PERU. Dept. Junin: Prov. Chanchamayo, Puntayaco, 2 km from road to Tarma from San Ramon, 1800 m, O. del Castillo ex D. Bennett 5426 (NY).
Kefersteinia salustianae is distinguished from other species by its prominent rhizome yielding an ascending habit, sparsely pubescent column, and position and extent of column wings. Koellensteinia Rchb. f. Koellensteinia graminoides D. E. Benn. & Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 10)
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Loreto: Iquitos, 250 m, May 1965, C. Dodsonex D. Bennett 1483 (HOLOTYPE: USM).
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FIo. 9. Kefersteinia salustianae (drawn from Bennett 5455). A. Plant in flower. B. Hower. C. Scape with flower and bracts in profile. D. Horal dissection. E. Labellum from above. F, Close-up of callus. G. Column. H. Anther cap. I. Pollinarium.
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Fio. 10. Koellensteinia graminoides (drawn from Bennett 1483). A. Plant in flower. B-C. Flower. D. Floral dissection. E. Labellum and column in profile. F. Labellum from above.
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Species haec Koellensteiniae gramineae similis sed sepalo dorsali ovato-triangulato, labello parvo et labelli lobo laterali rotundato differt.
Caespitose epiphytes, 12-15 cm tall. Leaves several, linear, long-tapered, acute, articulated to conduplicate sheathing bases, 15 x 0.6-0.9 cm. Inflorescences 1-2 per growth, axillary few-flowered racemes, occasionally branched. Flowers campanulate, segments pale yellow suffused with red towards the base, dorsal sepal with 3 inconspicuous reddish longitudinal stripes, lateral sepals and petals transversely reddish brown barred basally, basal halfoflabellum striped with intense purple and brown red, column pale green, anther pale yellow. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, acute, concave, 0.85 x 0.48 cm. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-oblong, acute, concave, lightly carinate, margins involute, 0.7 • 0.38 cm. Petals oblong, acute, 0.7 x 0.3 cm. Labellum 4-1obulate, 0.6 x 0.57 cm, articulate to column foot; lateral lobes rounded, obtuse, incurved, erect; midlobe emarginate, concave, the lobules subquadrate; callus basal, erect, 2-lobed. Column short, stout, with a prominent foot. Pollinia 4, in 2 equal pairs, obovate, compressed, viscidium ovate. Etymology: From the Latin gramineus "grass-like" and oides "resembling" for its similarity to K. graminea (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Habitat: Tropical rain forest. Flowering from April to June. PARATYPE:PERU. Dept. San Martin: Zepelacio (near Moyobamba), 1100 m, May 1934, G. Klug3622 (MO).
This sister species to K. graminea (Lindl.) Rchb. f. is distinguished by the smaller, differently shaped lateral lobes of the labellum, the much smaller midlobes, and the differently shaped floral segments. Koellensteinia graminoides may prove to be a clinal extreme ofK. graminea, but it does not appear to represent an ontogenetic form of that species. Macroclinium Barb. Rodr. Macroclinium biflorum D. E. Benn. &
Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 11)
[VOL. 46
TYPE: PERU. Dept. San Martin: Prov. San Martin, Tarapoto, km 25 along road to Yurimaguas, 500 m, 9 Apt 1965, D. & A. Bennett 1571 (HOLOTYPE:AMES). Species haec Macroclinio adunco (Dressier) Dodson similis sed clinandrio typico et sepalis petalisque acutis differt.
Miniature epiphytes to 1 cm tall. Pseudobulbs absent or when present obscure, subtended by 4-6 equitant, imbricate, oblique, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, ancipitous, fleshy foliaceous bracts. Leaf 1, similar to and grading with bracts, 0.4-0.8 x 0.07-0.22 cm, reddish to green, with chartaceous margins. Inflorescences racemose, successively 2-flowered, filiform, axillary, erect, with 4-6 ovate-triangular, acuminate, carinate, distant bracts. Flowers campanulate, pale purple, petals paler and with 3 small purple spots, the labellum pale rose-purple, the column rose-pink, the anther white and basally dark red-purple, stipe white, pollinia yellow, viscidium light brown. Sepals subsimilar, oblong-lanceolate, acute, concave, 0.3 x 0.1 cm, the lateral sepals oblanceolate, oblique, acuminate. Petals oblanceolate, acuminate, shorter than the sepals. Labellum clawed, lamina ovate, attenuate, acute to obtuse, margin undulate. Column stipitate, clavate, straight, typical for the genus. Pollinarium long triangular; pollinia 2, obovate, compressed, attached to the stipe by slender caudicles, 0.08 x 0.03 cm. Etymology: From the Latin bi "two" and .~los "'flower" in reference to the 2-flowered habit of the species. Habitat: Tropical rain forest. Flowering April to August. PARATYPES: PERU. Dept. Loreto: Iquitos, 130 m, 1965, C. H. Dodson ex D. Bennett 1207 (USM); Dept. Huanuco: Prov. Leoncio Prado, Tingo Mafia, Aug 1987, L. Moore ex D. Bennett 3950 (USM).
Macroclinium biflorum is distinguished by having two, nearly opposite flowers on each pedicel of the raceme, obliquely oblanceolate lateral sepals and petals, a broadly ovate, undulate, clawed labellum, and a clavate, terete column. This species is very
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BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE
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FIG. 11. Macroclinium biflora (drawn from Bennett 3950). A. Plant in flower. B-C. Flower. D-E. Labellum and column. F. Perianth. G. Column.
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similar to M . a d u n c u m and differs by its acute segments and typical clinandrium. In addition to M . biflorum, several other
[VOL. 46
species o f M a c r o c l i n i u m consistently bear 2-flowered inflorescences. These are keyed here:
Base of labellum auriculate (Brazil, Peru, Venezuela) ..................................................... M. mirabile (C. Schweinf.)Dodson Base of labellum cuneate. 2 Column atypical for the genus, i.e., apically bent at 90 degrees (Peru) .........M. aduncum (Dressier) Dodson 2 Column typical for the genus, i.e., clinandrium dorsal. 3 Apex of the anther and column finely denticulate (Bolivia, Peru) ...........M. chasei Dodson & D. E. Benn. 3 Apex of the anther and column not denticulate. 4 LabeUum margin undulate (Peru) .......................................................................... M. biflorum D. E. Benn. & Christenson 4 Labellum margin not undulate. 5 Lateral sepals oblique, more than 1 mm wide (Brasil) .....................................M. brasiliense (Pabst) Dodson 5 Lateral sepals not oblique, less than 1 mm wide (Ecuador) ......................................................... M. hirtzii Dodson
Rodriguezia Ruiz & Pav. Rodriguezia delcastilloi D. E. Benn. & Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 12) TYPE: P E R U . Pasco: Oxapampa, District o f Puerto Bermudez, Cuidad de Constitucion, along road between Pt. B e r m u d e z and Pucalpa, 250 m, 10 N o v 1991, O. del Castillo e x B e n n e t t 5 3 8 2
(HOLOTYPE:NY).
Specieshaec R. luteolae N. E. Br. similis sed columna strigosa et floribus albis differt. Caespitose epiphytes to 15 cm tall. P s e u dobulbs elliptic, complanate, ancipitous, 1.4 x 1.0 cm, 0.4 cm thick, enveloped at the base by 3--4 pairs o f distichous, imbricating bracts, the upper pairs foliaceous and subequal to the leaf. L e a f 1, oblong, attenuate to shortly conduplicate base, otherwise fiat, obliquely bilobed, obtuse, stiffly coriaceous, 7-14 x 2.4-3.0 cm, the margins u n e v e n and lightly undulate. Inflorescences several, successively 5-7 densely flowered, fractiflex racemes f r o m upper foliaceous bracts, shorter than the leaves. F l o w e r s greenish-white becoming pure white after 2-3 days, the callus very pale yellow, with microscopic intercellular crystals. D o r s a l sepal elliptic, bluntly obtuse, concave, 1.25 x 0.6 c m when expanded. L a t e r a l sepals connate for their length in a cochleate, bidentate, conduplicate, basally saccate and scrotiform spur. Petals obovate, shallowly emarginate, concave, 1.3 x 0.65 cm. L a b e l l u m narrowly flabellate, emarginate, margins lightly undulate, deeply involute with the basal mar-
gins erect and partially enveloping the column, 1.4 x 0.6 cm; callus oblong, lightly concave, terminating in two low ribs diminishing and converging distally, the base thickened in a dorso-ventrally compressed, obtuse, hispidulous tip, shortly j o i n e d to the ventral c o l u m n surface. C o l u m n clavate, semiterete below, ventral surface fiat, 0.8 cm long, 0.15 (base)-0.3 (apex) cm across, excavated longitudinally below stigma for 0.2 cm, densely appressed hispid on basal third, with two minute fiat triangular auricles appressed horizontally to ventral surface below anther bed. S t i p e convex, obsaggitate, 0.16 x 0.875 cm. P o l l i n i a 2. Etymology: N a m e d to h o n o r Oliveros del Castillo, m e m b e r o f the Ashininga Tribe, collector o f the species. Habitat: H o t tropical wet forest. Flowering March to April. A close relative o f R . luteola N. E. Br., the species is distinguished by the lightly rugose, thin, stiffly coriaceous flat leaves, the bluntly obtuse dorsal sepal, and the strigose c o l u m n with a pair o f minute, horizontal, triangular auricles.
Sigmatostalix Rchb. f. Schweinfurth (1961) recorded six species o f S i g m a t o s t a l i x for Peru, two o f which have
been subsequently reduced to s y n o n y m y (S. a u r o s a n g u i n e a Rchb. f. and S. p e r u v i a n a Rolfe = S. g r a m i n e a (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.). With the addition (Bennett & Christenson, 1993) o f S. c a q u e t a n a Schltr. ( C h a s e 8 7 2 0 7 ) and S. p u t u m a y e n s i s P. Ortiz ( B e n nett 5 2 0 7 - 1 ) , recognition o f species previ-
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FIG. 12. Rodriguezia delcastillo (drawn from Bennett 5382). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower in profile. C. Floral dissection. D. Labellum and column in profile. E. Column in profile. F. Column from below. G. Sideview o f sepaline spur. H. Anther cap. I. Pollinaria.
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o u s l y p l a c e d in s y n o n y m y , a n d n e w c o u n t r y records, nine species of Sigmatostalix are
[VOL. 46
n o w k n o w n f r o m Peru. T o a i d in t h e i r i d e n tification, w e p r o v i d e t h e f o l l o w i n g key:
I Labellum abruptly and distinctly clawed. 2 Labellum cordate without basal auricles or lateral lobes. 3 Base oflabellum blade with a 2-seriate callus ..............................................................................................S. bicallosa Garay 3 Base of labellum blade with a single callus ...........................................................................S. crescentilabia C. Schweinf. 2 Labellum quadrangular-pandurate with pronounced basal auricles or lateral lobes. 4 Lateral labellum lobes falcate, forward-projecting ........................................................................................S. caquetana Schltr. 4 Lateral labellum lobes not falcate, projecting backwards. 5 Lateral labellum lobes approximately 1 mm long; callus obovate ...................................S. buchtienii Kraenzl. 5 Lateral labellum lobes more than 2 mm long; callus ovate ........................................................................S. eliae Rolfe I Labellum cuneate or sessile, not abruptly and distinctly clawed. 6 Labellum transverse, sessile; inflorescences few-flowered racemes .........S. graminea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f. 6 Labellum longer than broad, cuneate; inflorescences many-flowered racemose panicles. 7 Labellum flabellate, sidelobes completely lacking .........................................................................S. putumayen.sis P. Ortiz 7 Labellum weakly 4-1obulale-to strongly 4-lobed. 8 LabeIlum weakly 4qobulate, cuneate towards the base; column straight ...................S. a m a z o n i c a Schltr. 8 Labellum strongly 4-lobed, not cuneate towards the base; column strongly curved ................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ S. huebneri Mansf.
Solenidiopsis Senghas The genus Solenidiopsis was established b y S e n g h a s (1986) t o c o n t a i n S . t i g r o i d e s (C. S c h w e i n f . ) S e n g h a s , a s p e c i e s p r e v i o u s l y p l a c e d in a n o v e r l y b r o a d l y d e f i n e d O d o n toglossum K u n t h . S o l e n i d i o p s i s is c h a r a c terized by a bilobed stigma and prominent c o l u m n wings. S u b s e q u e n t l y , a s e c o n d s p e cies was a d d e d to t h e g e n u s ( S e n g h a s , 1989; B e n n e t t & C h r i s t e n s o n , 1993). I n a d d i t i o n to t h e t w o s p e c i e s p r o p o s e d h e r e , w e a r e a w a r e o f at l e a s t o n e a d d i t i o n a l , u n d e s c r i b e d P e r u v i a n species. T o d a t e , t h e g e n u s r e m a i n s e n d e m i c to Peru.
Solenidiopsis peruviana (Schltr.) D. E. Benn. & Christenson, comb. nov. Solenidium p e r u v i a n u m Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 113. 1921; Mansf., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 57: t. 129, nr. 507. 1929. TYPE:PERU. Loreto: near Moyobamba, Filomeno s.n. (HOLOTYPE:B-- destroyed; LECTOTYPE, here designated: Tabula 129, nr. 507, loc. cit.). Solenidiopsis peruviana is d i s t i n g u i s h e d from other species by the ovoid-pyriform pseudobulbs, pale orange-brown sepals and petals, and unlobed cream-yellow labellum with an apical orange blotch. N o d u p l i c a t e t y p e m a t e r i a l h a s b e e n located. I n lieu o f a u t h e n t i c m a t e r i a l , w e lectotypify this species with the plate published
by Mansfeld based on unpublished drawings b y S c h l e c h t e r o f t h e h o l o t y p e . Specimens examined: PERU. Amazonas: Luya, Cordillera Callacalla, 18 km above Leimebamba along road to Balsas, 3100 m, 9 Apr 1964, P. C. IIutchinson & D. E. Bennett 4693 (UC); Hualgayoc, Cajamarca, Rio Taulis, upstream from La Playa, 2900 m, P. C. tfutchison & K. v. Bismarck 6477 (AMES, F, K, MO, NY, UC, US, USM).
Solenidiopsis rhombicalla D. E. B e n n . & C h r i s t e n s o n , sp. n o v . (Fig. 13)
TYPE: P E R U . A m a z o n a s , B o n g a r a , k m 358 a l o n g r o a d f r o m O l m o s t o J u m b i l l a , 1450 m , J u l y 1965, D . E . B e n n e t t e t a l . 2 0 6 6 (HOLOTYPE: A M E S ) . Species haec S. tigroidi (C. Schweinf.) Senghas simiiis sed floribus minoribus, callo dissimili, labello ad apicem bilobato differt. C a e s p i t o s e e p i p h y t e s to 9.5 c m tall. P s e u ovoid, complanate, furrowed, subt e n d e d b y b r a c t s w i t h t h e u p p e r p a i r foliaceous. Leaves 3, o b l o n g o r n a r r o w l y l a n c e o l a t e , a t t e n u a t e b e l o w to c o n d u p l i c a t e p e t i o l a t e b a s e , a p e x retuse, 7.5 x 1.0 c m . Inflorescences racemes, upright, 14-17 cm long, t h e floral b r a c t s s m a l l , o v a t e , a c u t e . Flowers pale orange-brown with two broad chestnut-brown transverse bars, the labellum pure white with pale greenish-yellow callus b a s e a n d a g r e e n m e d i a n r i b b o r d e r e d dobulbs
19941
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FIG. 13. Solenidiopsis rhombicalla (drawn from Bennett 2066--4). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum and column in profile. D. Column from above. E. Labellum and column frontview. F. Labellum from above.
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BRITTONIA
by a bright orange rhombiform marking, the c o l u m n p a l e green w i t h t w o a p i c a l , b r o w n blotches. Sepals andpetals subsimilar, spatulate, r o u n d e d w i t h s h o r t l y a c u m i n a t e a p i ces, t h e s e p a l s 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 8 3 x 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 1 6 c m , the p e t a l s s m a l l e r to 0.61 c m long. L a b e l l u m 3 - l o b e d , c l a w e d , 0.6 x 0.4 c m , t h e l a t e r a l lobes obliquely rhombic, the midlobe much s m a l l e r , b i l o b e d o r retuse, t h e c a l l u s w i t h t w o e x t e r i o r , d i v e r g e n t keels a n d a t h i c k e n e d c e n t e r w i t h a s c e n d i n g m a r g i n s , cent r a l l y r h o m b i c d e s c e n d i n g in f r o n t to a n oblong, c o n v e x rib w i t h a slightly r a i s e d m i d n e r v e e x t e n d i n g to t h e c e n t e r o f t h e m i d lobe. C o l u m n lightly a r c u a t e , s u b c l a v a t e , 0.46-0.22 cm, with porrect, incurved, acute c o l u m n wings. Etymology: From the Latin rhombicus and c a l l u m r e f e r i n g to t h e r h o m b i c - s h a p e d callus on t h e l a b e l l u m . H a b i t a t : W e t m o n t a n e forest. F l o w e r i n g f r o m A u g u s t to S e p t e m b e r .
[VOL. 46
T h i s s p e c i e s is s i m i l a r to S . t i g r o i d e s (C. S c h w e i n f . ) S e n g h a s b u t is c o n s i d e r a b l y s m a l l e r in all its p a r t s a n d h a s a d i f f e r e n t callus a n d a b i l o b e d l a b e l l u m a p e x .
Stenia Lindl. S c h w e i n f u r t h (1961) r e c o r d e d o n l y o n e s p e c i e s o f S t e n i a for P e r u , S . g u t t a t a R c h b . f. W i t h t h e r e m o v a l o f S. c a u d a t a ( A c k e r m a n ) D o d s o n & D. E. Benn. to A c k e r m a n i a ( D o d s o n & E s c o b a r , 1993) a n d t h e a d d i t i o n o f n e w s p e c i e s b y B e n n e t t (1992), D o d s o n & B e n n e t t (1989), a n d t h o s e d e s c r i b e d here, n i n e s p e c i e s a r e k n o w n for P e r u , a n d P e r u represents the center of distribution for the genus. T o a i d in t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f S t e n i a , a k e y to t h e P e r u v i a n s p e c i e s is p r e s e n t e d here. It s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t C h a u b a r d i e l l a p a r s o n i i J e n n y ( n o m e n ; J e n n y , 1989) is S. c a l c e o l a r i s ( G a r a y ) D o d s o n & D . E. Benn.
1 Petals spotted, sepals immaculate. 2 Petals ovate-elliptic; labellum longer than column .................................................................................................... S. guttata Rehb. f. 2 Petals obovate to suborbicular; labellum as long as column .......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................... S. calceolaris (Garay) Dodson & D. E. Benn. 1 Petals not spotted, sepals and petals immaculate. 3 Column with minute wings. 4 Dorsal sepal less than 2 cm long; labellum sidelobes continuous with the midlobe; labellum equal to column ................................................................................................................................................................................................ S. jarae D. E. Benn. 4 Dorsal sepal more than 2 cm long; labellum sidelobes distinct from midlobe; labellum shorter than column. 5 Distal portion of sidelobes not pustulose ............................................................................................. S. pastorelli D. E. Benn. 5 Distal portion of sidelobes pustulose ................................................................S. pustulosa D. E. Benn. & Christenson 3 Column not winged. 6 Labellum longer than column. 7 Stipe short and broad, as long as wide; column foot short, labellum essentially sessile ..................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... S. pallida Lindl. 7 Stipe linear, much longer than broad; column foot long, labellum clawed ........................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................... S. lillianae D. E. Berm. & Christenson 6 Labeilum equal to or shorter than column. 8 Callus basal with additional transverse ealli on the labellum sidelobes .................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................................................... S. wendiae D. E. Benn. & Christenson 8 Callus basal with no transverse calli on labellum sidelobes. 9 Labellum indistinctly 3-lobed; callus central; petals obovate-elliptic ............................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... S. stenioides (Garay) Dodson & R. Escobar 9 Labellum distinctly 3-lobed; callus subapical; petals cuneate to broadly clawed ................................. ................................................................................................................................................................... S. bismarckii Dodson & D. E. Benn.
Stenia lillianae R. J e n n y ex D . E. B e n n . &
b a m b a , P a c a y s a p a , 1100 m , 4 O c t 1992, B. C o l l a n t e s e x D . B e n n e t t 5 6 8 4 (HOLOTY-PE:
C h r i s t e n s o n , sp. n o v . (Fig. 14) S t e n i a lill i a n a e R. J e n n y , D i e O r c h i d e e 40(6): 199. 1989, w i t h o u t L a t i n d i a g n o s i s o r s p e c i men citation.
Species haec Steniae pallidae Lind1. similis sed stipite lineari et columnae pede elongato differt.
TYPE: P E R U . D e p t . S a n M a r t i n : M o y o -
C a e s p i t o s e , a c a u l o u s e p i p h y t e s w i t h fan-
NY).
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BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE
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Fro. 14. Stenia lillianae (drawn from Bennett 5684-2). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Floral dissection. D. LabeUum, longitudinal section, and column in profile. E. Labellum, longitudinal section. F. Anther cap. G. Pollinarium.
48
BRITTONIA
shaped growths. Leaves 2-3, oblanceolate, acuminate, apiculate, midvein carinate, thin, bright greenish-yellow, 6.5-17.5 x 3.2-4.3 cm, conduplicate at the base and articulated to shortly imbricating, conduplicate sheathing leaf bases. Inflorescences laxly pendent basal scapes. Flowers semitranslucent pale greenish yellow, with the labellum creamyellow externally and internally with reddish-brown spots, the column pale green with a red-brown spotted foot. Dorsal sepal elliptic, apiculate, concave, 2.5 x 1.3 cm. Lateral sepals ovate-elliptic, apiculate, oblique, concave at the base, 3.1 x 1.5 cm. Petals ovate, acute, oblique, 2.4 x 1.35 cm. Labellum 3-1obulate, saccate, extremely fleshy, clawed, 2.2 cm long, approximately 2.2 cm in circumference, lateral lobes semiovate and pinched together, the midlobe narrowly triangular, acute, the callus an irregularly margined transverse ridge with 2 longer unequal teeth, divided by a high, rounded keel shorter than the callus. Column strongly arcuate, fleshy, with large, truncate basal wings, the foot elongate with papillose base. Pollinarium 8.4 m m long, pollinia 4 in 2 very unequal pairs, the stipe with a small, pectinate-appendaged apex. Etymology: Named for Mrs. Henry J. Severin of Cupertino, California, who apparently first cultivated this species. Habitat: Montane rain forest in deep shade. Flowering several months of the year as new growths mature (September to November under cultivation in Lima).
[VOL. 46
very close to S. pallida Lindl. but differs by the longer column foot and callus ridge further forward in the labellum. Stenia pustulosa D. E. Benn. & Christenson, sp. nov. (Fig. 15)
TYPE: PERU. Dept. Tarma: southeast o f Contayapaccha, Quebrada Seca 1890 m, 22 April 1992, O. del Castillo ex D. Bennett 5552 (HOLOTYPE: N Y ) . Species haec Steniae pastorellii D. E. Benn. similis sed labelli lobis lateralibus pustulatis differt.
Caespitose, acaulous epiphytes producing fan-shaped growths 12-14 cm tall. Leaves 4-6, oblanceolate, acute, minutely apiculate, grading in size from 6.5-13.0 x 2.02.3 cm, dark green, articulated to the imbricating conduplicate leaf sheaths. Inflorescences axillary, laxly long-pendent scapes to 8 cm long, subtended by 1-2 tubular bracts. Flowers with spreading segments, translucent pale yellow, the labellum pale green externally with the pustules along distal margin pale brown turning purple forward, the interior streaked and spotted brownish-red, the midlobe very pale yellow with a few brownish-red spots along the margin, callus pale white with greenish-yellow teeth tipped brownish-red, the column pale yellowish-white, the foot with faint lavender streaks and spots shading to darker red-purple at the base of the foot, the claw white with red-purple spots, the anther pale cream white and the pollinia shiny pale yelPARATYPES:PERU. Dept. San Martin: Moyobamba, exact locality not given, 3 Sept 1992, R. Villena e x D. low. Sepals elliptic to oblong-elliptic, acute, Bennett 5713 (USM); Dept. Junin: Prov. Jauja, above margins lightly revolute, 2.6-2.7 x 1.1-1.2 Monobamba, 1600 m, O. del Castillo e x D. Bennett cm, the lateral sepals oblique and abruptly 6278 (NY). acute. Petals obovate, minutely apiculate, oblique, 2.4 x 1.4 cm. Labellum 3-lobed, Stenia lillianae is easily distinguished saccate, very fleshy-rigid, 0.7 x 0.7 cm in from S. jarae by the larger flowers, the el- natural position, the lateral lobes erect, inliptic-lanceolate dorsal sepal, the apiculate dividually 0.87 cm long, the midlobe comsepals, the broadly lanceolate petals, the la- pletely involute, the calli in 2 series, the bellum with a high, elongate median keel, posterior callus erect, broadly oblong, the more pronounced and more numerous sparsely papillose, the anterior callus a calli teeth, the 4 knobs at claw base, and the transverse ridge of 10-12 teeth extending column that is more strongly arcuate and for nearly the entire width. Column lightly shorter with atypical truncate wings near the arcuate with barely discernible wings, 1.4 base, a papillose foot, and a pectinate stipe cm long, the foot prominent, pubescent. apex on the pollinarium. Stenia lillianae is Pollinarium to 3 mm long, pollinia 4 in 2
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FIo. 15. Stenia pustulosa (drawn from Bennett 5552). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Floral dissection. D. Labellum and column in profile. E. Labellum from above. F. Labellum, longitudinal section. G. Surface texture of basal callus and claw. H. Anther cap. L Pollinarium.
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BRITTON[A
[VOL. 4 6
Fie;. 16. Stenia stenioides (drawn from Bennett 6053). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum and column in profile. D. Labellum, longitudinal section, with close-up of callus surface texture. E. Floral dissection. F. Anther cap. G. Pollinaria.
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BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE
unequal pairs, the larger 2.5 x 1 mm, the smaller 1.7 x 0.9 mm, on a serrate stipe to 0.7 mm long and a viscidium to 1 mm long. Etymology: From the Latin pustulosus referring to the atypical pustules or blisters on the distal portion of the lateral lobes of the labellum. Habitat: Lower levels of wet cloud forest. Flowering from October to November and March to April as new growths near maturity. PARATYPES: PERU. Same date and locality as holotype, O. del Castillo e x D. Bennett 5553 (USM). Dept. Pasco: Oxapampa, along Pisco River between Oxapampa and Paurcatambo, 1700 m, 4 Apr 93, O. de! Castillo ex Bennett 6 1 7 9 (USM). Dept. Junin: PROV. JAUJA; above Monobamba, 1600 m, O. del Castillo e x D. Bennett 6279 (NY), above Monobamba, Sector Cedrulla, 2300 m, O. del Castillo e x D. Bennett 6311 (NY).
Stenia pustulosa is easily distinguished from other species by the broadly oblong, sparsely papillose basal callus, and the pustulate distal portion of the earlobe-like lateral lobes of the labellum. Stenia stenioides (Garay) Dodson & R. Es-
cobar, Orquideologia 18: 206. 1993 (Fig. 16) Chondrorhyncha stenioides Garay, Bot. Mus. Lear.
26: 26. 1978.
TYPE: ECUADOR. Prov. Pastaza: at confluence of Rio Verde and Rio Pastaza, Stacy s.n. (HOLOTYPE:AMES). Caespitose acaulous epiphytes with fanshaped growths. Leaves obovate-flabellate, attenuate at the base, acute, dark gray-green, to 9 x 3 cm. Inflorescences pendent scapes, the peduncles slender, the solitary basal bract tubular, the floral bracts 2, subopposite. Flowers spreading, greenish-cream, the lateral labellum lobes yellowish-green with pale purple spots, the column with pale reddishpurple markings of the concave base and foot. Sepals subsimilar, subequal, elliptic, obtuse, concave, 2.2-2.3 x 1.25-1.3 cm. Petals obliquely obovate-elliptic, apiculate, 2.0 x 1.3 cm. Labellum indistinctly 3-lobed, saccate, broadly ovate, apex triangular, 9 m m long, the column foot sharply curved
51
forward, joined to the claw forming a 90 ~ angle, the basal callus ridge semielliptic, semiterete at the edges, basally tuberculate, the central callus long, transverse, multidentate. Column lightly arcuate, concave ventrally, basally tuberculate, with a nearly straight foot. Pollinarium to 4 m m long, the pollinia 4 in 2 unequal, tear-shaped, complanate pairs, the stipe very small, retrorsely pectinate, the viscidium oblanceolate. Habitat: Montane wet forest. Flowering from January through April. Stenia stenioides is a rather typical Stenia despite speculation to the contrary (q.v., Dodson & Dodson, 1984; see comments above under Kefersteinia jarae). Like most other species of Stenia, including the type, S. pallida Lindl., S. stenioides bears greenish white flowers with fleshy, rigidly conduplicate labella on a long column foot and claw, with an internal transverse callus. We take the opportunity to publish a detailed description and illustration based on a fresh flower at this time because the commonly available illustration of the species (Dodson & Dodson, 1984) is inaccurate to the point of being misleading. In particular, the previously published plate is inaccurate in: (1) the relative proportion of the sepals in the whole flowers; (2) the width of the dorsal sepal in the whole flowers is more than twice the actual width; (3) the relative position of the callus in the labellum is too near the apex; and (4) the attachment of the labellum to the column foot does not represent accurately the morphology. Specimen examined: PERU. Dept. Paseo: Oxapampa, District of Villarrica, 10 km SE down Canal de Piedra, 2000 m, 6 Jan 1993, O. del Castillo e x Bennett 6053 ( N Y ) .
Stenia wendiae D. E. Benn. & Christenson,
sp. nov. (Fig. 17) TYPE: PERU. Dept. Junin: Chanchamayo, sector Chipes of the San Vicente mine, 1800 m, 10 Dec 1992, O. del Castillo ex D. Bennett 5968 (HOLOTYPE" N Y ) . Species haec S. stenioidi (Garay) Dodson & R. Escobar similis sed labeUo minori et carina basali alta differt.
Caespitose, acaulous epiphytes with fan-
52
BRITTONIA
[VOL. 4 6
FIG. 17. Stenia wendiae(drawn from Bennett 5968-2). A. Plant in flower. B. Flower. C. Labellum and column in profile. D. LabeUum, spread, from above. E. Labellum, longitudinal section. F. Floral dissection. G. Column from below with close-up of basal surface texture. H. Anther cap. I. Pollinarium, with close-up showing details of stipe.
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BENNETT & CHRISTENSON: PERUVIAN ORCHIDACEAE
shaped growths. L e a v e s obovate, rounded, carinate, conduplicate, petiolate, 6.5-8.3 x 2.3-2.9 cm, articulated to conduplicate, imbricating sheaths. I n f l o r e s c e n c e s pendent, axillary scapes, the peduncle with a solitary, basal, lanceolate, close bract. F l o w e r s campanulate, pale semitranslucent green, the labellum white, tinged green towards the base with dark purple spots on the concave center. S e p a l s subsimilar, subequal, broadly elliptic, concave, apiculate, 1.5 x 1.0 cm. Petals oblique, very broadly obovate-elliptic, shortly acute, 1.5 x 1.2 cm. L a b e l l u m small, 0.5 x 0.57 cm when expanded, 3-lobed, cuneate, the c o l u m n foot and claw folded into a high arch with a distinctive pointed tip, the lateral lobes erect, semiorbicular, broadly rounded, the m i d l o b e m u c h smaller, transverse, subtruncate, acute, the basal callus vertical, complanate, the transverse calli carinate, terminating in a prominent free tooth toward the middle, continuous with a central, low transverse ridge across the middle. C o l u m n thick, lightly arcuate, elliptic when seen from below, concave, basally papillose, the foot thick, recurved. A n t h e r 21 x 19 m m , the pollinia 4 in 2 unequal, claviform, complanate, arcuate pairs, 0.9-1.2 x 0.5-0.6 m m , the stipe shortly cleft, the viscidium lanceolate. Etymology: N a m e d to h o n o r W e n d y de y o n Bismarck who has shared with the first author and his wife m e m o r a b l e collecting trips and decades o f true friendship. Habitat: Wet, lower cloud forest9 Flowering from February through April. PARATYPE:Same locality as the holotype, O. del Castillo ex D. Bennett 5967 (USM). S t e n i a w e n d i a e is distinguished from all other species o f S t e n i a by the broadly elliptic sepals and petals, the 3-lobed, atypically transverse labellum, the claw replicated with a long pointed, antrorse tip, the c o l u m n base and fool papillose, and the stipe margins shortly cleft.
53
Acknowledgments
We thank the staff at AMES, MO, NY, and U C for courtesies extended during Christenson's visits. In addition, we thank Leslie G a r a y for sharing his opinions on m a n y o f our Peruvian identifications, Aurora Bennett for her steadfast dedication to this project, and the following artists: Marco Alcantara A., Javier Bonifaz F., R o x a n n a Esparza A., Mario Pastorelli C., and Virginia Velasco O. Literature
Cited
D. E., Jr. 1992. New orchid species from Peru. Lindleyana 7(2): 80-87. --. 1993. A new Masdevallia from the Peruvian Andes and the rediscovery of Telipogon radiatus Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae). Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. Univ. Nac9 Mayor San Marcos (B) 37: 1-5. - & E. A. Christenson. 1993. [cones Orchidacearum Peruvianum. Privately published, Sarasota, FL. - & R. Fernandez G. 1992. Four new Telipogon (Orchidaceae) from the Peruvian Andes. Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. Univ. Nac. Mayor San Marcos (B) 36: 1-11. D o f l s o n , C. H . & D . E . Bennett, Jr. 1989. Icon. P1. Trop., Ser. 2, fasc. 1-2. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri. - & P. M. Dodson. 1984. Chondrorhyncha stenioides Garay. Icon. P1. Trop. Ser. 1, pl. 912. - & R. Eseobar. 1993. Ackermania, a new genus in the Chondrorhyncha alliance. Orquideologia 18(3): 209-214. J e n n y , R. 1989. Stenia Lindley, eine wenig bekannte Orchideengattung. Die Orchidee 40(6): 196-201. S c h w e i n f u r t h , C. 1959. Epidendrum. In: Orchids of Peru, Fieldiana, Bot. 30(2): 390-531. --. 1960. Stenia. In: Orchids of Peru, Fieldiana, Bot. 30(3): 664. 9 1961. Sigmatostalix. In: Orchids of Peru, Fieldiana, Bot. 30(4): 916-921. Senghas, K. 1986. SolenMiopsis, eine neue Gattung aus der Subtribus Oncidiinae. Die Orchidee37:271275. 9 1989. Eine zweite art der Gattung Solenidiopsis: S.flavobrunnea aus Peru. Die Orchidee 40: 205-207. - & G. Gerlach. 199 i. Zwei neuentdeckte Huntleyinen: Chondrorhyncha aurantiaca und Cochleanthes guianensis. Die Orchidee 42(6): 280-287. Bennett,
