In the released state, the springiness and open up the scleral incision.
of the retractor
causes
the arms
This instrument considerably facilitates the removal of foreign bodies good view of the field, particularly when a microscope is employed.
to move apart and provides
a
Various precision manipulations within the eye can be performed with the retractor. is convenient, reliable in operation, and completely meets the requirements of ophthalmic surgery.
It
The retractor has passed clinical and technical tests and has been recommended for routine production by an expert commission of the committee on new technology of the Ministry of Health of the USSR, and it will form part of a set of instruments for removing foreign bodies from the eye produced by the Mozhaisk medical instrument plant. LITERATURE i.
A. A. Malaev,
Vestn.
PEDIATRIC KIDNEY-STEM
Oftal'mol.,
No.
CITED
i, 56 (1978).
CLAMPS UDC 615.472.2.03:616.61-053.2-089
Z. M. Kochneva, R. R. Garaev, and M. G. Bilyalov
Operations on the kidneys constitute a considerable fraction of the numerous urological forms of intervention required in neonates and young children. Up to now, such operations have been performed with compression of the kidney vessels and arteries with artery clamps, or with Fedorov clamps for older children. However, these clamps are massive and readily injure the kidney capsule and the tissue of the kidney itself, because the capsule is very readily injured [i, 2]. Pediatric surgery thus has its own specific features, and thus its own requirements for surgical instruments. The basic requirements include small dimensions of the working parts and small mass. Also, the clamps must be highly elastic.
Fig. i. Kidney-stem
clamps for neonates dreh.
and young chil-
"Microinstrument" Special Designs Office, Kazan'. Translated nika, No. 5, pp. 56-57, September-October, 1981. Original article
174
0006-3398/81/1505- 0174507.50
from Meditsinskaya Tekhsubmitted April 29, 1981.
© 1982 Plenum Publishing Corporation
All these requirements are met by the kidney neonates and young children.
clamps
developed by this organization
for
The clamps have various forms and enable one to perform all manipulations, being bent into arcs or at an angle (Fig. i). The working parts (jaws) are of two forms: with ordinary (cross hatched) and atraumatic (grooved) ends. The design of the clamps is such that when the jaws are in contact there is a gap of about 1 mm between the locking points, which means that the clamps can also be used as forceps. The locking points provide reliable clamping with adequate elasticity. The clamps are made of martensitic stainless steel, which means that the corrosion resistance is high in various forms of disinfection and sterilization. The small size of the working part enables one to perform operations neys with the least injury and a bettet view of the operation field.
on childrens'
kid-
The clamps have passed clinical tests in the urological sections of the Vladimirskii Regional Clinical Research Institute in Moscow, the Pediatrics Research Institute of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, and the Kazan' Center for Pediatric Surgery. These tests have shown that the clamps completely correspond to the requirements for operative intervention in neonates and young children. These clamps are being produced by the Tyumen medical instrumentation plant. LI TERATURE 1. 2.
CITED
Yu. F. Isakov and V. A. Mikhel'son, Med. Tekh., No. 6, 15 (1980). E. M. Margorin (ed.), Operative Surgery in Childhood [in Russian], (1967).
A CRYOGENIC
and instruments
2nd edn., Leningrad
ENT APPLICATOR
N. A. Moskovchenko, B. N. Murinets-Markevich, A. S. Zhuravlev, V. N. Zamoshnikov, A. R. Krasnikov, and N. V. Kuznetsova
UDC 615.832.03:616.21
Although cryogenic treatment is widely used in the USSR and elsewhere in neurosurgery, ophthalmology, dermatology, gynecology, and so on, it has not become widely used in otorhinolaryngology because the ENT organs have anatomy such as to make them largely inaccessible to the direct action of cooling tips or the direct use of coolant. A standard cryogenic applicator [i] with vapor--liquid circulation of liquid nitrogen has interchangeable tips of four sizes: 25 × 15, 20 x 12, 15 × 8 mm, and a circular one of diameter i0 mm, and is intended for local freezing of the palatine tonsils. Metallic rods are at present used [2-4] of diameter up to 3 mm previously cooled in liquid nitrogen or oxygen in order to destroy neoplasms in inaccessible places, e.g., in treating papillomatosis of the larynx, of the nasal cavity, or of the mouth and glottis. A major disadvantage of these rods, which have been called passive cryoprobes [5], is the unstable c o o l i n g temperature, and consequently the small area of frozen tissue due to the small rod mass. The cryoprobe of [6] uses gaseous carbon dioxide as the cooling agent, and this provides a constant temperature at the tip, but the temperature of the cryoprobe is inadequately low (only -60°C), and therefore it resembles the passive cryoprobes in being suitable only for destroying small tumors. Our KM-22 applicator of ENT operations provides lower temperatures at the cooled tip with a rauch smaller diameter of the working part and does not require hoses to connect it to the source of cryogenic liquid or cylinder. Low-Temperature Technical Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, and Ukrainian Graduate Medical Training Institute, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Kharkov. Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 58-59, September-October, 1981. Original article submitted March 9, 1981.
0006-3398/81/1505-0175507.50
© 1982 Plenum Publishing Corporation
175
