KEW BULLETIN VOL. 67: 213 Y 223 (2012)

ISSN: 0075-5974 (print) ISSN: 1874-933X (electronic)

Three new species of Callicarpa (Lamiaceae) from Sulawesi Gemma L. C. Bramley1 Summary. Three new species of the genus Callicarpa L. (Lamiaceae) from Sulawesi are described and illustrated;

C. anisodonta Bramley, C. mendumiae Bramley and C. pseudoverticillata Bramley. Distribution maps and preliminary conservation assessments are provided for each species. To enable identification, a key to the nine species of Callicarpa present on Sulawesi is included. Key Words. Flora Malesiana, Indonesia, Malesia, taxonomy, ultramafic.

Introduction The genus Callicarpa L. (Lamiaceae) contains about 140 species, distributed in both temperate and tropical regions. Fifty-five of these species occur in Tropical Asia: I am currently revising these species for the Lamiaceae ‘II’ account of Flora Malesiana (Bramley et al. in prep). Treatments of the Callicarpa of Borneo (23 species; Bramley 2009) and of the Philippines (27 species; Bramley in press) are complete; these two areas are the centres of species diversity of the genus. As a precursor to the Flora Malesiana treatment, I describe here three species of Callicarpa from Sulawesi that are new to science. To enable easy identification, I provide a key to the nine species of Callicarpa present on Sulawesi. The genus Callicarpa is little known on Sulawesi, but this is true for most plant groups, the island’s flora being under-collected: fewer botanical specimens have been collected from Sulawesi than from any other major island in Indonesia (Mendum & Atkins 2004; Whitten et al. 1987; Keβler et al. 2002). Keβler et al., citing van Steenis (1950), summarises the botanical explorations of Sulawesi, which started in 1687 when Dampier visited Buton Island. The most informative specimens available now were collected in a number of fruitful expeditions over the past 50 years: for example, the Rijksherbarium (now NCB Naturalis) fieldtrips led by de Vogel and other important botanists such as Hennipman and van Balgooy, visits by Coode (Royal Botanic Gardens,

Kew), and the more recent expeditions organised by the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (Argent, Atkins, Mendum, Newman et al.), all in collaboration with Kebun Raya Bogor or Herbarium Bogoriense. The fact that specimens from these collecting trips are the basis of the three new species described here attests their importance to our knowledge of the flora of Sulawesi. The three new species described here occur in the Central (Sulawesi Tengah, east peninsula) and South-Eastern regions (Sulawesi Selatan, south east peninsula); a matter of interest may be that Callicarpa mendumiae and C. pseudoverticillata occur in areas with ultramafic rocks. Distribution maps were made in ArcMap 10 (ESRI, USA). A geological map for South-East Asia, used to create Map 2, was downloaded from the U.S. Geological Survey, Central Energy Resources Team (http://energy.usgs.gov/ OilGas/AssessmentsData/WorldPetroleumAssessment/ WorldGeologicMaps.aspx). I have given each species a preliminary conservation status following IUCN criteria (IUCN 2001). Area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO) were calculated based on specimen distribution data plotted in ArcView (ESRI, USA) using an extension created by Moat (2007). Further collections and an improvement in our knowledge of the vegetation and habitat quality in this Central and South Eastern area of Sulawesi are needed to provide assessments of greater accuracy.

Key to Sulawesi Callicarpa species 1a. 1b. 2a. 2b.

Leaves in strictly opposite pairs, no leaves apparent between the pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leaves in opposite pairs, an apparently alternate leaf present between the pairs . . . . . . . . . . . Lower leaf surface with a pale indumentum, paler in colour than upper surface . . . . . . . . . . . Lower leaf surface with a brownish indumentum, similar or darker in colour to upper surface

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

2 7 3 4

Accepted for publication March 2012. 1 Herbarium, Library, Art & Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, UK. e-mail: [email protected]

© The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012

214

KEW BULLETIN VOL. 67(2)

3a. Stems, leaves and inflorescence axes with an indumentum of plumose hairs, individual hairs obvious to the naked eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. erioclona Schauer (1847: 643). For full description see Bramley (2009: 432). 3b. Stems, leaves and inflorescence axes with an indumentum of short densely branched hairs, these appressed on the lower leaf surface, individual hairs not obvious to the naked eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C. bicolor Juss. (Jussieu 1806: 77). For full description see Bramley (in press). 4a. Glandular hairs and branched hairs present on leaves and in inflorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. caudata Maxim. (Maximowicz 1887: 76). For full description see Bramley (in press). 4b. Simple and/or branched hairs present on leaves and in inflorescence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5a. Leaves markedly caudate at the apex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. C. mendumiae 5b. Leaves acuminate at the apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6a. Leaves with erect simple hairs above, branched and stellate hairs below; calyx 4 – 4.5 mm long with five linear lobes, three lobes completely divided, two fused for about half of their length; fruit maturing red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. C. anisodonta 6b. Leaves with scattered stellate hairs above and below; calyx c. 1 mm long with four shallow more or less equal lobes; fruit maturing white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. longifolia Lam. (de Monnet de Lamarck 1785: 563). For full description see Bramley (2009: 441). 7a. Leaves in pseudowhorls of four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. C. pseudoverticillata 7b. Leaves in opposite pairs with apparently alternate leaf present between pairs but clearly separated from them . . 8 8a. Calyx ridged, completely enclosing mature fruit and up to 2 mm longer than it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. cinnamomea (Hallier. f.) Govaerts (1999: 12). 8b. Calyx without obvious ridges, subtending or partially enclosing mature fruit, never longer than it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. pentandra Roxb. (Roxburgh 1820: 409). For full description see Bramley (2009: 443) and Bramley (in press).

Species descriptions 1. Callicarpa anisodonta Bramley sp. nov. species ab omnibus ceteris speciebus generis Callicarpae lobis calycis dissimilaribus, tribus liberis sed duobus per dimidium longitudinis connatis distinguenda. Typus: Indonesia, Sulawesi Tengah, Luwuk area, inland from Batui and Seseba on Batui river, at Sinsing camp, 1˚09'S 122˚31'E, 17 Oct. 1989, Coode 5987 (holotypus K; isotypi SING × 2). http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77118741-1 Shrub c. 3 m. Twigs with a layer of branched hairs covering the surface, interspersed with longer patent hairs that are branched at the base only. Leaves narrowly elliptic, 9 – 21 × 3.5 – 8.3 cm, margins dentate, apex acuminate, base cuneate to obtuse, upper surface with erect simple hairs with thickened bases, these dense along the impressed midvein, also with scattered peltate scales, lower surface with branched and stellate hairs, sometimes the central hair longer than the lateral branches, yellow sessile glands on the leaf surface, the venation with longer hairs that are branched at the base only; petioles 0.5 – 1.5 cm. Inflorescence axillary, peduncles c. 0.5 mm, cymes few flowered but congested. Bracts linear c. 8 mm long, indumentum as stems, with scattered peltate scales. Pedicels to c. 0.5 mm long. Bracteoles linear, 4 – 6 mm long. Calyx cupular, 4 – 4.5 mm long, divided into 5 linear lobes, three lobes c. 2 mm long, completely divided, two lobes c. 2 mm long but fused for about half of their length, outer surface densely covered with longer hairs that are branched at the base only, surface obscured, lobes with some hair on © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012

inner side but inner surface of tube ± glabrous. Corolla c. 5 mm long, divided into (4) 5 lobes c. 0.5 mm long, outer surface with adpressed branched hairs on the tube, also with yellow sessile glands, inner surface ± glabrous. Stamens (4) 5, filaments exserted c. 1 mm from corolla, anthers oblong c. 2.5 mm long, yellow sessile glands on the connective. Stigma ± capitate, asymmetric with slightly more tissue on one side. Fruit red (Coode), c. 3 mm wide (on dry specimen), stellate hairs on the apex, the persistent calyx splitting as the fruit matures; 9 (?10) 1-seeded pyrenes. Figs 1 and 2. DISTRIBUTION. Apparently endemic to the Luwuk area, Sulawesi Tengah (central), on the east Peninsula. Maps 1 and 2. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. INDONESIA. Sulawesi Tengah: Luwuk area, inland from Batui and Seseba on Batui river, at Sinsing camp, 1˚09' S 122˚31' E, 17 Oct. 1989, Coode 5987 (holotype K; isotypes SING × 2). HABITAT. Riverside forest, very steep slopes; growing from near vertical riverbank: 70 m. CONSERVATION STATUS. Because this species is only known from one locality at present, a preliminary conservation status of Data Deficient seems appropriate. A paper by Cannon et al. (2007) published conservation priorities for Sulawesi based on forest type, condition and threats. They produced maps of current forest cover, and a map showing the top twenty ranking protected areas. The collecting locality of Callicarpa anisodonta is close to the Suaka Margasatwa Lombuyan I-II protected area in the Balingara and Lombuyan mountains; maps show the area has fair to good forest condition. Satellite views of the area around

THREE NEW SPECIES OF CALLICARPA (LAMIACEAE) FROM SULAWESI

215

Fig. 1. Callicarpa anisodonta. A habit; B stem indumentum detail; C upper leaf surface detail; D lower leaf surface detail; E inner surface of calyx, note unevenly divided lobes, and ovary; F corolla tube and stamens; G inner surface of corolla tube, stamens and filaments; H detail, style and stigma; J mature fruit in split calyx; K cross section of fruit. All from Coode 5987. DRAWN BY JULIET BEENTJE.

the locality using Google Earth (http://www.google. com/earth/index.html, accessed 2010) also show continuous forest cover. On the basis of this evidence, I

think it likely that further exploration in this area would result in more collections of this species, and a conservation assessment of Least Concern. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012

216

KEW BULLETIN VOL. 67(2)

Fig. 2. Callicarpa anisodonta, Coode 5987, fruit detail; note the short hairs around the fruit apex. From RBG Kew slide collection. PHOTO BY MARK COODE.

ETYMOLOGY. The epithet anisodonta refers to the unequal calyx lobes of this species. NOTES. The specimen on which Callicarpa anisodonta is based was first identified as C. havilandii (King & Gamble) H. J. Lam, a species native to Borneo. On close inspection a number of characters by which it differs from that species became apparent. The most distinct is the calyx morphology: in Callicarpa the typical calyx is actinomorphic with 4 – 5 (6, 7) lobes that are equal in size, but in C. anisodonta, two of the five calyx lobes are different to the other three, being fused for about half their length. I have not come across this character in the genus before. Further distinguishing features of C. anisodonta are calyx lobes that are linear (C. havilandii and other similar Bornean species such as C. argentii Bramley have much smaller triangular calyx lobes), a hairy corolla (the corolla of C. havilandii is hairy on the lobes only) and an inflorescence that has shorter axes and fewer flowers than that of C. havilandii. Although this species is based

© The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012

only on one collection, the distinctive nature of the calyx means that I am confident in describing it as new. An anomaly is the four-merous corolla (see Fig. 1) found in the same inflorescence as five-merous corollas: this occurs in other species such as Callicarpa pentandra (Bramley 2009; Bramley in press). A cross section of the scant fruit material present on Coode 5987 revealed five evenly spaced pyrenes on one side, but four rather unequal pyrenes on the other, along with a thinner fruit wall (Fig. 1). The fruit itself was slightly asymmetric the side with only four pyrenes; I assume that one of the ovules did not develop on this side. In Callicarpa there are two types of fruit: on the basis of this I have informally divided the genus into two groups, typical Callicarpa, and the ‘Geunsia group’ (I now consider Geunsia Blume to be a synonym of Callicarpa; see Bramley 2009, for more details regarding these groups and the history of confusion concerning the perceived relationship between Geunsia and Callicarpa). The typical Callicarpa group has four-

THREE NEW SPECIES OF CALLICARPA (LAMIACEAE) FROM SULAWESI

217

Map 1. Topological Map of South East Sulawesi showing distribution of Callicarpa anisodonta (■); C. mendumiae (●); and C. pseudoverticillata (▲).

merous flowers, four ovules and four pyrenes; the Geunsia group has 4 – 6 (7)-merous flowers, but 8 – 12 (14) pyrenes. Geunsia group species also tend to have oblong anthers that are larger relative to the corolla than the elliptic anthers of the typical Callicarpa group. On the basis of these characters, Callicarpa anisodonta falls under the Geunsia group, and as such I would predict the four-merous flowers to produce fruit with eight pyrenes, and the five-merous flowers to produce fruit with ten pyrenes. Whether the fruit seen to date is typical for this species remains to be seen; at present no further material has been located.

2. Callicarpa mendumiae Bramley sp. nov. species ab omnibus ceteris speciebus generis Callicarpae foliis ad apicem valde caudatis distinguenda. Typus: Central Sulawesi, Luwuk district, Bunta subdistrict, Sumber Agung, Gunung Hek, Sungai Hel, 1˚01'S 122˚10'E,

980 m, 28 Feb. 2004, Hendrian, Newman, Scott, Nazre Saleh & Supriadi 979 (holotypus E!, isotypus BO). http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77118742-1 Scandent to weakly climbing shrub. Twigs with a layer of branched hairs covering the surface, interspersed with longer patent hairs that are branched at the base only, and densely branched hairs. Leaves opposite or appearing ternate, very narrowly ovate, 16.5 – 22.5 × 3.5 – 4 cm, margins shallowly dentate, apex strongly caudate, base rounded to asymmetric, upper surface with shorter branched hairs close to the surface and longer erect hairs some of which are branched at the base, these dense along the midrib and venation, lower surface with branched hairs of varying lengths on the venation, venation raised, yellow sessile glands on the surface, occasional peltate scales; petioles 1 – 1.5 cm. Inflorescence axillary, peduncles 2.2 – 2.7 cm, © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012

218

KEW BULLETIN VOL. 67(2)

Map 2. Geological Map of Sulawesi showing distribution of Callicarpa anisodonta (■);C. mendumiae (●); and C. pseudoverticillata (▲).

© The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012

THREE NEW SPECIES OF CALLICARPA (LAMIACEAE) FROM SULAWESI

cymes laxly branched. Bracts linear c. 7 mm long, indumentum as stems. Pedicels to 0.5 – 1 mm long. Bracteoles linear, 2 – 5 mm long. Calyx seen only in bud and in fruit, in bud narrowly cupular, 3 mm long, divided into 4 narrowly triangular lobes, c. 0.5 mm long, outer surface with branched hairs covering the surface, interspersed with longer hairs that are branched at the base only, these especially dense on the lobes, inner surface ± glabrous. Corolla white (Hendrian et al. 979), seen only in bud, c. 2.5 mm long, divided into 4 lobes, outer surface glabrous except for a few branched hairs on the back of the lobes, lobes also with yellow sessile glands, inner surface ± glabrous. Stamens 4, seen only in bud when filaments undeveloped, anthers oblong, c. 1.5 mm long, yellow sessile glands on the connective. Stigma too immature to describe accurately. Fruit pink (Lack & Grimes 1809), not seen intact, subtended by the persistent calyx (calyces seen on fruiting specimen have 5 lobes); apparently breaking up into 4 1-seeded pyrenes (seen fragmented, as shown in Fig. 3). DISTRIBUTION. Apparently endemic to Central and

Eastern Central Sulawesi; known from two collections only. Maps 1 and 2. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. INDONESIA. Central Sulawesi: Luwuk district, Bunta subdistrict, Sumber Agung, Gunung Hek, Sungai Hel, 1°01'S 122°10'E, Hendrian et al. 979, 980 m, 28 Feb. 2004 (holotype E; isotype BO n.v.). Eastern Central Sulawesi: Morowali province, Mount Tambusisi, 1°45'S 121°25'E, 1000 m, 1 April 1980, Lack & Grimes 1809 (K). HABITAT. Montane evergreen forest; 980 – 1000 m. CONSERVATION STATUS. According to the maps of forest condition produced by Cannon et al. (2007), the two collecting localities of Callicarpa mendumiae lie in good forest; this also appears to be the case when satellite images of the area are viewed using Google Earth (Google 2010). There is approximately 120 km between the two localities (measured using Google Earth); forest cover appears to be more or less uninterrupted across the mountainous region between the two areas, perhaps suggesting the range of the species to be quite extensive. I therefore recommend a preliminary conservation assessment of Least Concern. ETYMOLOGY. This species is named in memory of the late Mary Mendum, botanist at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, to acknowledge her contribution to our botanical knowledge of Sulawesi through her research on Aeschynanthus (Gesneriaceae) and fieldwork on the island. NOTES. Callicarpa mendumiae is immediately distinctive because of its caudate leaf apices. These are quite unlike any other species in the genus I have seen to date. Both collections are united by this character, coupled with the scandent to weakly climbing habit, and the montane forest habitat. There are some differences between the two collections that are illustrated in Fig. 3: Lack & Grimes 1809 displays an

219

apparently ternate leaf arrangement, but Hendrian et al. 979 has leaves in opposite pairs. The leaves in the latter specimen also have an indumentum of generally shorter hairs. In addition, the Hendrian et al. specimen was collected when the inflorescences were immature, but the Lack & Grimes specimen has a mature fruiting calyx and one fruit. This fruiting calyx appears to be rather an odd feature: it is five lobed. Given that the flower buds seen on Hendrian et al. 979 have four parts, and the fragmented fruit seen on Lack & Grimes 1809 apparently had four pyrenes, I would have predicted the calyx to be four lobed. Further material must been seen to investigate this apparent anomaly. Callicarpa mendumiae appears to inhabit ultramafic areas (Map 2). It would be interesting to ascertain whether this species acts as a hyperaccumulator of nickel as is the case with many other species that occur in ultramafic areas (Proctor 2003).

3. Callicarpa pseudoverticillata Bramley sp. nov. a C. pentandrae foliis pseudoverticillatis et fructibus 6-seminalibus differt. Typus: South Sulawesi, Soroako, S Shore of Lake Matano, 2°31'S 121°21'E, 400 m, 10 June 1979, de Vogel 5703 (holotypus K!; isotypus L!). http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77118744-1 Treelet to small tree, up to 6 m (largest individual collected to date). Twigs with a dense indumentum of patent brown hairs, 2 – 3 mm long, branched at the base only or with small branches occurring along the length of the hair. Leaves in pseudo-whorls of four, three leaves ± equal in size, the fourth much smaller; larger blades ± elliptic, rarely ovate, 9.5 – 19 × 4.5 – 8.5 cm, the fourth smaller blade ovate, 3 – 8.5 × 1.3 – 4.3 cm, in all blades the margins entire to minutely dentate, apex acuminate, base obtuse to rounded, upper surface with scattered erect simple hairs with thickened bases, these dense along the impressed venation, with peltate scales scattered over the surface but more regularly clustered around the base, lower surface with branched hairs and copious yellow sessile glands on the surface, darker brown and more densely branched hairs covering the venation, venation raised, also with scattered peltate scales more apparent near leaf base; petioles of larger leaves 1 – 1.5 cm, of the fourth smaller leaf 0.5 – 0.8 cm. Inflorescence in the axils of each of the four leaves in a pseudowhorl, peduncles 1 – 4.5 cm. Bracts linear 7 – 15 mm long, indumentum as stems. Pedicels 1 – 1.5 mm long. Bracteoles linear, 1 – 7 mm long. Calyx cupular, c. 2 mm long, with 5 – 6 (8) shallowly triangular lobes, outer surface densely covered with branched hairs, not dense enough to obscure the surface, yellow sessile glands and occasional peltate scales; inner surface glabrous. Corolla purple, 6 – 7 mm long, divided into 5 – 6 lobes © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012

220

KEW BULLETIN VOL. 67(2)

Fig. 3. Callicarpa mendumiae. A habit; A1 stem indumentum detail; B detail of ternate leaves; C upper leaf surface detail; D leaf margin; E lower leaf surface detail; E1 indumentum detail; F inflorescence detail; G flower bud; H dissected calyx (in bud); J dissected corolla bud showing immature stamens, and back of individual anther; K side view of mature fruiting calyx; L top view of mature fruiting calyx; M four pyrenes from fruit material. A1, C – E1, F – J from Hendrian et al. 979 (E); K – M from Lack & Grimes 1809 (K). DRAWN BY JULIET BEENTJE.

1 – 2 mm long, outer surface with a few hairs and yellow sessile glands on the backs of the lobes, the lobe © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012

edges papillose, the remainder of the corolla tube glabrous, inner surface ± glabrous. Stamens 5 – 6,

THREE NEW SPECIES OF CALLICARPA (LAMIACEAE) FROM SULAWESI

221

Fig. 4. Callicarpa pseudoverticillata. A habit; B upper leaf surface detail; C lower leaf surface detail; D flower; E dissected calyx, outer surface; F dissected corolla, inner surface showing stamens (although this flower is 5-merous, others on the same specimen are 6-merous); G fruit within calyx, with detail of surface; H cross section of fruit. A – F from de Vogel 5703 (K), G and H from de Vogel 5831 (L). DRAWN BY JULIET BEENTJE.

© The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012

222

filaments exserted c. 1 – 2 mm from corolla, anthers oblong c. 2 – 2.5 mm long, yellow sessile glands on the connective. Stigma capitate, sometimes with three lobes obvious (as shown in Fig. 4). Fruit green maturing red or orange, 2 – 4 mm wide (on dry specimen), with scattered short branched hairs and copious yellow sessile glands, subtended by persistent calyx; 6 1-seeded pyrenes. Fig. 4. DISTRIBUTION . Sulawesi Selatan (Southern), area around Lake Matano and Lake Towuti. Maps 1 and 2. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. INDONESIA. South Sulawesi: along the road to the powerplant Larona, [2°45'S 121°20'E] 1, 19 June 1979, Hennipman 5934 (K); Soroako-Wasuponda road, [2°31'S 121°21'E], 9 June 1979, 500 m, van Balgooy 3629 (K, L); N Shore of Lake Matano, E of Nuha, 2°27'S 121°22'E, 17 June 1979, 400 m, de Vogel 5831 (K, L); Soroako, S Shore of Lake Matano, 2°31'S 121°21'E, 10 June 1979, 400 m, de Vogel 5703 (holotype K; isotype L); Malili, 2 km W of Towuti Lake, 2°45'S 121°25'E, 11 Dec. 1994, 70 m, Sidiyasa 1363 (L). HABITAT. Ultramafic soils; disturbed Lithocarpus forest, alluvial flat, waterfront along lake and coastal forest: 400 – 500 m. 2 CONSERVATION STATUS. Both the AOO (52.81 km ) 2 and EOO (325.94 km ), point towards a preliminary conservation status of EN. Some of the area around Lake Matano forms part of the PT Inco open cast nickel mine (www.pt-inco.co.id); any expansion of this mine into the surrounding waterfront forest in which Callicarpa pseudoverticillata is found would pose a severe threat to its population. Callicarpa pseudoverticillata appears to occur only in ultramafic areas; these areas are where nickel and other elements such as iron are at a high concentration (Proctor 2003). Based on this, I suggest a preliminary conservation assessment of EN (B1bi,ii, iii; B2Bi,ii,iii). ETYMOLOGY. The epithet ‘pseudoverticillata’ refers to the leaves of this species: they are arranged in pseudo-whorls. NOTES. It is the ferruginous indumentum of Callicarpa pseudoverticillata that immediately catches the eye, although this is a character which this species shares with a number of others (e.g. C. havilandii; C. argentii; C. subaequalis Bramley, all endemic to Borneo, and some extreme forms of C. pentandra). However, it is the leaf arrangement that sets this species apart from the others in the genus: leaves are in pseudowhorls of four, three of them being more or less equal in size, and one being significantly smaller. The inflorescence is similar to the widespread and variable C. pentandra, especially the form of the corolla. However, although the corolla morphology is similar, the fruit of C. pseudoverticillata apparently has only six one-seeded 1

Coordinates in square brackets have been estimated from label information.

© The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012

KEW BULLETIN VOL. 67(2)

pyrenes, rather than the typical eight or ten oneseeded pyrenes of C. pentandra. In addition, there is variation in the number of calyx lobes that does not always correspond with number of corolla lobes, or the number of anthers: for example, a calyx has been found with eight lobes but the associated corolla has only six lobes, and six stamens. The three-lobed stigma is also unusual. Callicarpa pseudoverticillata appears to inhabit ultramafic areas (Map 2). It would be interesting to ascertain whether this species acts as a hyperaccumulator of nickel as is the case with many other species that occur in ultramafic areas (Proctor 2003).

Identification list van Balgooy 3629 (K, L) = C. pseudoverticillata; Coode 5987 (holotype K; isotypes SING ×2) = C. anisodonta; Hendrian, Newman, Scott, Nazre Saleh & Supriadi 979 (holotype E; isotype BO n.v.) = C. mendumiae; Hennipman 5934 (K) = C. pseudoverticillata; Lack & Grimes 1809 (K) = C. mendumiae; Sidiyasa 1363 (L) = C. pseudoverticillata; de Vogel 5831, (K, L) = C. pseudoverticillata; de Vogel 5703 (holotype K; isotype L) = C. pseudoverticillata. Acknowledgments I am grateful to the curators of the following herbaria for allowing access to their collections onsite or for providing them on loan: E, L, SING. I would like to acknowledge Melanie Thomas, for assisting me with the Latin diagnoses; Juliet Beentje for creating the botanical illustrations, and Steve Bachman and Charlie Wood for helping me to produce the distribution maps. References Bramley, G. L. C. (2009). The genus Callicarpa (Lamiaceae) on Borneo. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 159: 416 – 455. ____ (in press). The genus Callicarpa (Lamiaceae) in the Philippines. Kew Bulletin. Cannon, C. H., Summers, M., Harting, J. R. & Kessler, P. J. A. (2007). Developing Conservation Priorities Based on Forest Type, Condition, and Threats in a Poorly Known Ecoregion: Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biotropica 39: 747 – 759. Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants: volume 3, part 1. Continental Publishing, Antwerp. Keβler, P. J. A., Bos, M. M., Sierra Daza, S. E. C., Kop, A., Willemse, L. P. M., Pitopang, R. & Gradstein, S. R. (2002). Checklist of woody plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea Supplement 14.

THREE NEW SPECIES OF CALLICARPA (LAMIACEAE) FROM SULAWESI

IUCN (2001). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland & Cambridge. Jussieu, A. L (1806). Observations sur la famille des plantes Verbénacées. Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 7: 63 – 77. de Monnet de Lamarck, J. B. A. P. (1785). Encyclopedie Methodique: Botanique 1. Panckoucke, Paris. Maximowicz, C. J. (1887). Diagnoses plantarum novarum asiaticarum. Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 31: 12 – 121. Mendum, M. & Atkins, H. J. (2004). The Gesneriaceae of Sulawesi I: an introduction. Edinburgh J. Bot. 60: 299 – 304. Moat, J. (2007). Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3.x: version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic

223

Gardens, Kew. Available at: http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/ gis/cats Proctor, J. (2003). Vegetation and soil and plant chemistry on ultramafic rocks in the Tropical Far East. Perspect. Pl. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 6: 105 – 124. Roxburgh, W. (1820). Flora Indica. Thacker, Spink, Calcultta (reprinted 1874). Schauer, J. C. (1847). Verbenaceae in de Candolle A. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 11: 522 – 700. Geneva. van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (1950). Flora Malesiana 1, 1. Noordhoff-Kolff, Jakarta. Whitten, A. J., Mustafa, M. & Henderson, G. S. (1987). The Ecology of Sulawesi. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.

© The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012