410

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ABSTRACTS Kapok Oil. (Bull. Imp. I n s t . t926, 24, 18-36). K a p o k seed f r o m T r a v a n c o r e , F e d e r a t e d M a l a y States, Gold Coast and Z a n z i b a r varied in its oil c o n t e n t from 27.4 per cent on the dry seed for T r a v a n c o r e to 21.6 per cent for F. M. S. T h e oils h a d the following characteristics: Sp. gr. at 15°C. ( T ) 0.9217, (G. C.) 0.9226, (Z) 0.914; acid value, ( T ) 30.9, (F. M. S.) 54.1, a n d 61.10 (G. C.) 6.1, (Z) 26.0; saponification value, ( T ) 192.2, (G. C.) 193.5, (Z) 194.1; iodine value, H u b l . 17 hours, ( T ) 90.4, (G. C.) 89.6, (Z) 101.5; and for T r a v a n c o r e oil u n s a p o n i f i able matter, 1.2 per cent, n ~ ° ' 1. 463; a n d "titer," 29.8°C. T h e meal from T r a v a n c o r e seed closely r e s e m b l e d commercial k a p o k cake b u t contained p r o p o r tionately m o r e ( a b o u t 4 per cent) p r o t e i n . - - D . G. H. Unsaturated Fatty Acids Associated with Corn Starch. T a y l o r a n d L. Lehrman. (J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 1739-1743). Corn s t a r c h (a-amylose), completely freed f r o m e x t r a n e o u s fat by m e a n s of o r d i n a r y solvents, yields, on hydrolysis w i t h acids, 0.5 to 0.6 per cent of fatty acids, w h i c h consist of a p p r o x imately 24 p e r cent of palmitic, 40 per cent of oleic, a n d 36 per cent of linolic a c i d . - - T . H. F. Influence of Fatty Acids on Bomer's Melting-Point Method. F. J. F. M u s c h t e r a n d R. Staid. (Chem. W e e k b l a d , 1926, 23, 284-285) B o m e r ' s differential m e l t i n g - p o i n t m e t h o d (Analyst, 1913, 38, 204, 214; 1914, 39, 84, 171) gives fallacious results if applied to lards c o n t a i n i n g free fatty acids (in excess, 0.3 per cent of free oleic acid). F o r instance, a n e u t r a l fat s h o w i n g a B o m e r value of 70, gave a value of 71.5 w h e n mixed with 2,5 per cent of stearic acid, a n d of 72.0 w h e n m i x e d with 5 per cent of palmitic acid. Again, a grease w i t h a B o m e r value of over 71 gave, after removal of free fatty acids, a value below 71, and was therefore adulterated. Free Acids of E d i b l e Oils (Olive Oil). A. Ceriotti and A. S a n g u i n e t t i (Rev. Fac. Cien. Quim., 1925, 3, 65-75). Data are given for the free acid c o n t e n t , expressed as oleic acid, of samples of olive oil from different countries. Since free acidity g r e a t e r than 1.5 per cent is only s h o w n in a few cases, it is r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t this figure should be adopted as the legal m a x i m u m . - - G . \V. R o b i n s o n .

Determination of the Titer of Tallow. J. D a v i d s o h n (Z. Deuts. Oel-u. Fett-Ind., 1926, 46, 353-354).--The effect of v a r y i n g the conditions in the Dal]can m e t h o d of d e t e r m i n i n g the titer (solidif. point of insoluble fatty acids) of tallow was determined. A particular tallow g a t e the following results: (a) w i t h o u t stirring, titer 43.50 ° a n d 43.40°; (b) stirring three times to the r i g h t a n d t h r e e times to the left after solidification started, 43.48 ° a n d 43.40°; (c) s t i r r i n g from the start until solidification commenced. 44.20". It is r e c o m m e n d e d to omit the use of alcoholic p o t a s h for the saponilication, which can be effectcd by h e a t i n g the fat and aqueous alkali on a water bath. and then keeping the m i x t u r e at 100-105 ° for 1 ~ hrs. T h i s is n m c h safer than the alcoholic alkali saponification, as there is no risk of ester f o r m a t i o n from traces of alcobl left in the mixture. In the case of the a b o v e tallow, w h e n the alcohol was not completely removed after saponification with alcoholic alkali a titcr of (a) 39.90°; (b3 40.82 ° . and (c) 40.75 ° n n d e r the conditions mClltioncd xxas observed. It is stated that the latent heat fusion of the fatty acids decreases witll repeated r e h e a t i n g and finally n e i t h e r rise nor statiom{ry point is observed in the test: in such cases a fresh sample m u s t be taken. N e w Fatty Acids in S h a r k L i v e r Oil. F a t t y Acids of Shark and Ray Liver Oils. I . M . T s u j i m o t o (z. Dents. Oel u. F e t t - l n d . . 1926. 46, 285-388)--The fatty acids from two species of red s h a r k xxerc examined, and two new fatty acids were isolated, viz., sclachoccric acid, C:,11,sO:. white crystals, m.p. 78 °, and selacholeic acid, C:,It,~O:, white crystals, m.p. 42.5--43 °. T h e latter w h e n hydrogenated gave a s a t u r a t e d acid isoselachoccric acid. m.p. about 82 ° . By t r e a t i n g setacholcic acid with nitrous acid, a stereoisomeride, selachelaidic acid, m.p. 60.5 °, was produced.

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MAKING

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411

LIVER OIL

The Alaskan Glacier Sea Food company, Petersburg, Alaska, has been experimenting with the production of shark liver oil with the idea of developing a new line of profit for the smaller halibut boats. These boats, says Earl N. Ohmer of this company, catch numbers of sharks in the course of halibut fishing, and it was felt that by opening a market for the livers they might have a source of income that would take care of part of their expenses. The method followed is to put the livers only in a vat and boil slowly with a steam coil submerged in the tank. One Petersburg boat owner has gone into shark fishing as a regular thing as a result of the experiment.

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STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, CIRCULATION, ETC., REQUIRED B Y T H E A C T O F C O N G R E S S O F A U G U S T 24, 1912, O f J o u r n a l of Oil and :Fat I n d u s t r i e s , published monthly at N e w York, N. Y.. for October 1, 1926 State of N e w Y o r k | County of N e w Y o r k S s s . : Before me, a N o t a r y in and for the State and county aforesaid, personally appeared J o h n T. Ogden, who, h a v i n g been duly sworn according to law, deposes and says that he is the Editor of the J o u r n a l of Oil and F a t I n d u s t r i e s , and that the following is, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, m a n a g e m e n t (aud i f a daily paper, the circulation), etc., of the aforesaid publication for the date shown in the above caption, required by the A c t of A u g u s t 24, 1912, embodied in section 411, Postal L a w s and Regulations, printed on the r e v e r s e of this form, to w i t : 1. T h a t the nantes and addresses of the publisher, editor, m a n a g i n g editor, and business managers are: Publisher, Russell P a h n e r , 71 Cohunbia St., Seattle, W a s h . ; Editor, John T . Ogden, 220 W e s t 42d St., N e w York City; M a n a g i n g Editor, none; Business M a n a g e r , Russell P a h n e r , 71 Cohunbia St., Seattle, W a s h . 2. T h a t the owner i s : ( I f owned by a corporation, its n a m e and address m u s t be stated and also inmlediately thereunder the names and addresses of stockholders o w n i u g or holding one per cent or more of total amount of stock. I t not owned by a corporation, the n a m e s and addresses of the individual owners n m s t be given. I f owued by a firm. company, or other mfincorporated concern, its n a m e and address, as well as those of each individual member, nmst he g i v e n . ) Russell P a l m e r , 71 Cohmfl)ia St., Seattle, \\~ash. 3. T h a t the known bmtdholders, mortgagees, attd other security holde,'s o w n i n g or holding 1 per cent or more of total a m o u n t of bonds, m o r t g a g e s , or other securities a r e : ( I f there a r e notle, so state.) l~Vone. 4. T h a t the two p a r a g r a p h s next above, g i v i n g the n a m e s of the owners, stockholders, and security holders, i f any, contain not only the list of stockholders and security holders as they appear upon the hooks of the company but also, in eases where the stockholder or security holder appears upon the books of the company as t r u s t e e or iu any other fiduciary relation, the n a m e of the person or corporation for whom such trustee is acting, is g i v e n : also that the said two p a r a g r a p h s contain statements e m b r a c i n g at:fiant's full knowledge and hellef ms to the circmnstanees and conditions reader which st~ckhohlers and security hohters who do not appear upou (be books of the c o m p a n y as trustees, hoht stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fide o w n e r ; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other persou, association, or corporation has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock, bonds, or other seeurltles than as so stated by him. JOHN T. OGDEN, Sworn to and subscribed before me this 27th day ot September, I926. Editor. {,Seal.) J o h a u n a E. Sclmlt. N o t a r y Public Queens County No, 2766. Cert. filed in N. Y. Co. No. 1526, Reg. No. 8097a. M y commission expires M a r c h 30, 1928.