Get it into print! 120 years of scholarly publishing by The New York Botanical Garden BRIAN M. BOOM NYBG Press, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA; e-mail:
[email protected]
Abstract. The New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), founded 125 years ago in 1891, established a publications program five years later, in 1896, with the launch of The Bulletin of The New York Botanical Garden. Since then, NYBG has published or co-published seven journal titles, 308 books in eight series, and at least 19 stand-alone books. Now, 120 years later, what today is known as NYBG Press has evolved to become one of the largest publishing programs of any independent botanical garden in the world. The Press continues to focus on advancements in knowledge about the classification, utilization, and conservation of plants and fungi through publication of general books, books in series, and quarterly journals, with the recent addition of more titles of general interest, such as field guides and botanical history works. This article reviews the growth and diversification of these publications over the years, and highlights selected, important contributions these books and journals have made to science and society. The article concludes with a brief discussion of plans for the growth and sustainability of NYBG Press as the source of The Best New Books in Botany™. Key Words: Field guides, Floras, monographs, NYBG Press, scientific publications.
This article takes its main title from a motto that Nathaniel Lord Britton was frequently heard to pronounce (BGet it into print!^) to scientists at The New York Botanical Garden (NYBG) during his tenure as Director-in-Chief, according to his one-time graduate student and subsequent Head Curator of the Herbarium, Henry Allan Gleason (Kingsland, 2005: 84). This attitude of Britton’s set the tone not only for expectations for individual scientists’ publishing productivity, but also for The New York Botanical Garden’s program of scholarly publishing of books and journals, beginning in 1896 with the launch of The Bulletin of The New York Botanical Garden. In 2016, NYBG Press, as the Scientific Publications Department was renamed in 1999, offers three quarterly journals, five monographic book series, and 17 stand-alone book titles. Increasingly, titles are offered in e-book format as well as hard copy, and digital downloads are now being offered for sale on the NYBG Press e-commerce site. This article provides an historical overview, presented in chronological order within the framework of three categories of publications: journals, books in series, and general books and textbooks. Much
information on the Press’ history was assembled by Sandi Frank (unpubl. data) in 2005, and summarized on the Press’ Web Site: http://www. nybgpress.org/Pages/About/About-Us.aspx. Not discussed in this article are various titles that are primarily of a horticultural or general institutional nature, which have been published by The New York Botanical Garden in collaboration with other publishers, including such books as Magnificent Trees of The New York Botanical Garden (Lederman & Forrest, 2012) with The Monacelli Press, Flora Illustrata (Fraser & Sellers, 2014) with Yale University Press, and The New York Botanical Garden (Long & Forrest, 2016) with Abrams, exhibition catalogs, and newsletters. Journals THE BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, 1896–1932
The Bulletin of The New York Botanical Garden, first issued April 15, 1896, began as a means to disseminate official information related
Brittonia, DOI 10.1007/s12228-016-9429-1 ISSN: 0007-196X (print) ISSN: 1938-436X (electronic) © 2016, by The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 U.S.A.
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to the founding of the institution, such as the Act of Incorporation, names of Members of the Corporation, and Constitution and By-Laws. By 1899, a new section, BBotanical Contributions,^ was added, providing the first venue for publishing scientific results in a NYBG publication. Of historical interest is that the very first species described as new to science in a NYBG publication occurred in this issue (Britton, 1899); it was a new species, Sedum mexicanum N. L. Britton, that had been grown from seeds collected by Elizabeth Britton near Mexico City, all quite symbolic of the Brittons’ professional partnership that was to so greatly influence the development of the institution from its founding until their deaths in 1934; the type specimen is in the William and Lynda Steere Herbarium (NY): http://sweetgum. nybg.org/science/vh/specimen_details.php?irn= 484969. Over time, it was often the case that scientific reports were all that appeared in the Bulletin. This monthly series was concluded with volume 14, number 54, in 1932, after which the annual report of the NYBG’s Director-in-Chief was published in the Journal of The New York Botanical Garden beginning in 1933. The Bulletin v. 1 (1896) – v. 14 (1932) is available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ and http://mertzdigital.nybg.org/cdm/.
JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, 1900–1950
The Journal of The New York Botanical Garden was first issued in 1900 as a monthly, as an illustrated periodical containing notes, news, and non-technical articles of general interest. It was the NYBG’s early to mid-20th century equivalent of the 21st century’s Garden News, online newsletters, and social media such as Facebook and blogs such as Plant Talk and Science Talk. The contents of the April 1912 issue (volume 13) of the Journal were typical, and included the following articles: BCharles Finney Cox,^ BBotanical Exploration in Cuba,^ BThe Flowering of the Jamaica Candle-Wood Tree,^ BConference Notes,^ BPublications of the Staff, Scholars and Students of The New York Botanical Garden during the Year 1911,^ BNotes, News and Comment,^ and BAccessions.^ By the end of the run of this title, most articles were tending to be about gardening more than science, and in fact in 1948 the Journal was united with
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the journal Garden (published 1948–1950) to form Garden Journal of The New York Botanical Garden (published 1951–1959). Available online: http://mertzdigital.nybg.org/cdm/ and v. 1–51 (1900–1950) at http://www. biodiversitylibrary.org/. MYCOLOGIA, 1909–1998
Mycologia was formed in 1909 with the merger of Mycological Bulletin and the Journal of Mycology. A bimonthly journal, Mycologia was launched under the editorship of William Alfonso Murrill (1869–1957), eminent mycologist at NYBG who served as the journal’s editor until 1924. The purpose was to publish technical articles devoted to fungi, including lichens, as well as news and notes of general interest. In January 1933, Mycologia became the official organ of the Mycological Society of America (MSA), which had been founded in 1932. The arrangement was that Mycologia would be BPublished by The New York Botanical Garden in Collaboration with the Mycological Society of America.^ The copyright of the content of the journal was with NYBG. The 1933 contract was in force through 1998, volume 90, after which, beginning with volume 91 in 1999, Mycologia was published exclusively by the MSA, and NYBG had no official role with the journal from that point going forward. Available online: http://www.jstor.org/ a n d e a r l y v o l u m e s a t h t t p : / / w w w. biodiversitylibrary.org/; current volumes at http://www.mycologia.org/. ADDISONIA, 1916–1964
This journal was created with a bequest made by a former President of NYBG, Judge Addison Brown. With the bequest, the NYBG established the Addison Brown Fund, for the purposes described in the inside front cover of the journal: Bthe income and accumulations from which shall be applied to the founding and publication, as soon as practicable, and to the maintenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class magazine bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration by colored plates of the plants of the United States and its territorial possessions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or its conservatories; with suitable descriptions in popular language, and any desirable notes and synonymy,
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and a brief statement of the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated.^ Addisonia was planned to be published once a year, in April, and each part consisted of eight colored plates with accompanying text. Four parts constituted a volume and the parts were not to be sold separately. Holmgren (1980) compiled an index to the species illustrated in Addisonia, and provided additional details about the journal pertaining to editors and illustrators; Mary Emily Eaton was the journal’s principal illustrator for its first three decades, having illustrated more than 80 percent of the total of 800 plates appearing in the journal. Also of note is that during Addisonia’s half century of publication, 125 plant families were depicted, and there were 50 nomenclatural innovations published: three new genera, 31 new species, two new varieties, and 14 new combinations; see, for example, Plate 5, drawn by Mary Emily Eaton, for one new species described in Addisonia, Begonia cowellii Nash (Begoniaceae), the type specimen of which had been collected by Nathaniel Lord Britton and John F. Cowell in eastern Cuba in 1912 (Nash, 1916): http://www. biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90334#page/18/ mode/1up. Available online: http://www. biodiversitylibrary.org/.
BRITTONIA, 1931–PRESENT
Brittonia was planned as a series of botanical papers, issued irregularly, primarily to cover the fields of systematic botany and plant geography, although papers in other fields were not excluded. It was named in honor of Nathaniel Lord Britton, the NYBG’s Founding Director-in-Chief. By 1943 (volume 5, number 1) the journal began to be published by NYBG in co-operation with The American Society of Plant Taxonomists (ASPT). This arrangement continued until 1957 (volume 9, number 1) when a formal contract went into effect between NYBG and ASPT such that the journal became the official organ of the ASPT. The ASPT was to have editorial oversight and NYBG to continue to be the publisher. Also beginning with calendar year 1957, the journal would be issued quarterly, making four issues per volume per year. The contract between NYBG and ASPT is printed in the journal (Anonymous, 1957). This arrangement continued through 1975 (volume 27, number 4), after which
ASPT created its own journal, Systematic Botany, beginning in 1976, and NYBG continued to publish Brittonia with no affiliation to ASPT, and the new tagline: BA Journal of Systematic Botany Published by The New York Botanical Garden.^ In 2007, NYBG entered into a contract with Springer to co-publish Brittonia (and two of its other journals, Botanical Review and Economic Botany), and this relationship continues to the present day. Brittonia, assuming the broadest possible definition of the field of systematic botany, has been an important outlet for the publication of original research articles on anatomy, botanical history, chemotaxonomy, morphology, paleobotany, phylogenetic systematics, taxonomy, and phytogeography. Each issue contains articles by the staff of The New York Botanical Garden and outside contributors, occasional book reviews, and announcements. The current Editor-in-Chief is Benjamin Torke. Available online: current volumes at http://link.springer.com/ and back issues at http://www.jstor.org/.
THE BOTANICAL REVIEW, 1935–PRESENT
For more than half a century, The Botanical Review has been a leading international journal noted for its in-depth articles on a broad spectrum of botanical fields. Systematics, phytogeography, cladistics, evolution, physiology, ecology, morphology, paleobotany, and anatomy are but a few of the many subjects that have been covered. The Botanical Review draws together outstanding scientists in the field, synthesizes the current knowledge about a specific subject, and promotes the advancement of botany by indicating the gaps in our knowledge and providing new outlooks on the topic. Founded by Henry Allan Gleason and Edmund H. Fulling in 1935 (Steere, 1986), this journal has produced varying numbers of issues per year over the course of its publication: volumes 1–7 (1935–1941), 12 issues/volume; volumes 8–25 (1942–1958), 10 issues per volume; volumes 26–present (1959–present), 4 issues per volume. The contents for volumes 1–5 (1935–1939) were indexed in volume 5, and for volumes 6–15 (1945–1949) in volume 15. No articles from subsequent volumes were indexed in the journal, but, effectively, a search of Index to American Botanical Literature for Botanical Review
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serves to find content on a year-by-year basis. In recent years, there has been a trend to have occasional Bspecial issues^ of the journal to focus on particular topics of current interest; examples include Proceedings of Cycad 1999: The 5th International Conference on Cycad Biology, vol. 70(1); Special Issue on Bamboo and Climate Change in China, vol. 77(3); Special Neotropical Palm Issue, vol. 77(4); Special Biogeography Issue, vol. 78(3); Special Issue on Genetics and Plant Conservation in Latin America, vol. 79(4); and Special Issue on Bahamas Flora, vol. 80(3). The current, and long-standing, Editor is Dennis Wm. Stevenson and the Associate Editor is Barbara A. Ambrose. Available online: http://link.springer.com/ and volumes 1-70 (1935–2004) at http://www.jstor.org/.
ECONOMIC BOTANY, 1947–PRESENT
Interdisciplinary in scope, Economic Botany bridges the gap between pure and applied botany by focusing on the uses of plants by people. The foremost publication of its kind in this field, Economic Botany documents the rich relationship between plants and people around the world, encompassing the past, present, and potential uses of plants. Each issue contains original research articles, review articles, book reviews, annotated bibliographies, and notes on economic plants. Founded in 1947 by Edmund H. Fulling, it has consistently been a quarterly publication. Beginning in 1959 (volume 13), Economic Botany became the official organ of the Society for Economic Botany (SEB), which was founded that same year, and this publishing partnership continues to the present day. An index to volumes 1– 20 (1947–1966) was published as separate, unnumbered, volume of the journal in 1967, and another index, to volumes 1–50 appeared as part of volume 50 in 1996. A special issue commemorating the 25th anniversary of the founding of the SEB appeared in 1984 as volume 38(4) and a SEB membership directory appeared in 2001 as volume 55(3). In 2004, a Supplement volume 58 was published that contained a special section on medicinal plants. In 2008, a Special Mushroom Issue was published as volume 62(3). The current Editor-in-Chief is Robert Voeks. Available online: current volumes at http://link.springer.com/ and archived volumes at http://www.jstor.org/.
Books in series CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, 1899–1933; 1984–PRESENT
Contributions from The New York Botanical Garden was established in 1899 as a monographic series of technical papers written by NYBG staff members, published in other journals, and reprinted by the Garden. Numbers 1–336 are also called volumes 1–14. Publication of the series was suspended in 1933 with number 336, and resumed in 1984 with volume 15, with a new focus on the publication of translations, annotated bibliographies, and classical works that are outof-print. The five titles issued to date since Contributions was resumed are Hepaticae of the Amazon and the Andes of Peru and Ecuador, vol. 15 (1984); Translationes Operum Sinensium de Gesneriaceis-I, vol. 16 (1986); The Florida of John Kunkel Small: His Species and Types, Collecting Localities, Bibliography and Selected Reprinted Works, vol. 18 (1987); Liebmann's Mexican Ferns, vol. 19 (1987); Indice de Topônimos do Distrito Federal, Brasil, vol. 20 (1993); Southeast Asian Grasslands: Understanding a Vernacular Landscape. Canonical Readings, vol. 21 (2008). Volume 17 was never published. The current, and long-standing, Editor is William R. Buck. Presently, volumes 1–14 available online: http://www. biodiversitylibrary.org. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, 1900– PRESENT
Launched in 1900, and with 113 volumes published to date, Memoirs has traditionally focused on taxonomy and floristics, with an emphasis on plants of the Western Hemisphere. Most titles comprised a single volume (e.g., vol.1, Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and Yellowstone National Park), but quite a few were multi-volume titles and constitute some of the most iconic and substantial monographic publications of NYBG. Notable examples of multi-parted titles focused on particular taxonomic groups include these three on legumes: Atlas of North American Astragalus, vol. 13, two parts; The American Cassiinae, vol. 35, two parts; Silk Tree, Guanacaste, Monkey’s Earring: A generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the
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Americas, vol. 74, three parts; these examples represent some of the major publications of Rupert Barneby and his collaborators over more than three decades in the late 20 th century. An excellent example from Memoirs of a multi-parted work focusing on a specific geographic site is the four-parted volume 76, initiated by Scott A. Mori, published between 1997 and 2009: Guide to Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana. Part 1. Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Monocotyledons; Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana. Part 2. Dicotyledons; Guide to the Plants of Central French Guiana. Part 3. Mosses; and Guide to the Plants of Central French Guiana. Part 4. Liverworts and Hornworts; for volume 76 more than 100 scientists contributed taxonomic treatments. However, the most massive series of books in the Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden was certainly the 13parted Botany of the Guayana Highland, initiated by Bassett Maguire in 1953, and spanning 36 years to the final part published in 1989; more than 65 scientists contributed to taxonomic treatments in this series (Buck et al., 1990). Memoirs has also published a number of volumes of conference proceedings in recent years, most notably Proceedings of Cycad 1987: The 1st International Conference on Cycad Biology, vol. 57; Proceedings of Cycad 2005: The 7 th International Conference on Cycad Biology, vol. 97; Proceedings of Cycad 2008: The 8 th International Conference on Cycad Biology, vol. 106; Proceedings of Cycad 2011: The 9 th International Conference on Cycad Biology, vol. 117, is in press as of this writing. All of these cycad volumes were produced under the sole or co-editorship of Dennis Wm. Stevenson. In recent years, the Memoirs series has expanded to encompass field guides and botanical history as well. Examples of such titles include Liverworts of New England, vol. 96, Macrolichens of New England, vol. 99; Common Lichens of Northeastern North America: A Field Guide, vol. 112; The Lichens and Allied Fungi of Great Smoky Mountains National Park: An Annotated Checklist with Comprehensive Keys, vol. 104; and Britton's Botanical Empire: The New York Botanical Garden and American Botany, 1888–1929, vol. 94. The current, and long-standing, Editor of Memoirs is William R. Buck. Available online: http://
mertzdigital.nybg.org/cdm/ and volumes 1–12 (1900–1965) at http://www.biodiversitylibrary. org/.
NORTH AMERICAN FLORA, 1905–1949, SERIES I; 1954–1990, SERIES II
The announcement of this ambitious project on the inside front covers of individual early volumes laid out the plan (e.g., North American Flora, 1940): North American Flora is designed to present in one work descriptions of all plants growing, independent of cultivation, in North America, here taken to include Greenland, Central America, the Republic of Panama, and the West Indies, except Trinidad, Tobago, and Curacao, and other islands off the north coast of Venezuela, whose flora is essentially South American. The work will be published in parts at irregular intervals, by The New York Botanical Garden, through the aid of the income of the David Lydig Fund bequeathed by Charles P. Daly. It is planned to issue parts as rapidly as they can be prepared, the extent of the work making it possible to commence publication at any number of points. The complete work will form a series of volumes with the following sequence: Volume 1. Myxomycetes, Schizophyta Volumes 2 to 10. Fungi Volumes 11 to 13. Algae Volumes 14 and 15. Bryophyta Volume 16. Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae Volume 17 to 19. Monocotyledones Volume 20 to 34. Dicotyledones After nearly a half century of publications towards this goal, Bsome 94 parts of 24 volumes were published at irregular intervals between 1905 and 1949. Only volumes 7, 9, and 28B were completed. Because of bibliographic difficulties inherent in publishing volumes and parts out of order, the project to complete the 34 volumes was discontinued. Therefore, no further parts will be
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assigned to the 34-volume series. Instead, North American Flora Series II, initiated in 1954, is being published, in which parts are numbered in order, without regard for taxonomic relationships. Parts will appear at irregular intervals as manuscripts are available. Each part will be devoted to an order, family, or smaller group, complete with bibliography and index^ (North American Flora Series II, 1990). Thirteen parts of Series II were published; in 1990 the series was discontinued after Part 13. Some volumes and parts of Series I a r e a v a i l a b l e o n l i n e : h t t p : / / w w w. biodiversitylibrary.org/.
THE WILDFLOWERS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1966–1973
This book series had its origins in the early 1960s (Harold William Rickett Papers, RG12): At the urging of literary agent Diarmuid C. Russell, the National Committee for the Wild Flowers of the United States was established in April of 1963 with Mrs. David (Peggy) Rockefeller, a member of the Board of Managers of the NYBG. Mrs. Rockefeller became the committee's chairperson and Mr. Russell its secretary. The 6volume Wild Flowers of the United States is a monumental botanical work, written in nontechnical language for the amateur, with each species illustrated in color photographs. Sponsored by The New York Botanical Garden, the project was edited by Dr. William C. Steere, director of the NYBG; written by Dr. Harold Rickett, Senior Botanist; and published by McGrawHill Book Company. The six volumes (in fourteen parts and an index) are divided by geographical region: Volume 1: Northeastern states; Volume 2: Southeastern states; Volume 3: Texas; Volume 4: Southwest; Volume 5: Northwest; Volume 6: Rocky Mountains and Great Plains and an Index. The first volume was published in 1966, the final one in 1973. The series is out-of-print and not presently available digitally; the books were co-
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publications of McGraw-Hill and The New York Botanical Garden. FLORA NEOTROPICA, 1967–PRESENT
These monographic volumes provide taxonomic treatments of plant or fungal groups of families growing in the Americas between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The monographs are intended to be comprehensive, so most of them also include information on economic botany, conservation, phylogenetic relationships, taxonomic history, ecology, cytology, anatomy, and phytochemistry, among other topics. Each volume is illustrated with line drawings, black and white photographs, and distribution maps. Monographs may be written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. This series is the official publication of the Organization for Flora Neotropica (OFN), an organization founded in 1964 with the mission of producing a published botanical inventory of the American tropics. Forero and Mori (1995) described the early years of the OFN and the publication of Flora Neotropica volumes. Thomas (2005) discussed the value of monographs as floristic inventories, using Flora Neotropica as a case study. For information on how Flora Neotropica is playing a large, central role in the NYBG’s contributions to the World Flora Online (FWO) project through digitization of content, see Thomas and Tulig (2015). Flora Neotropica volumes 1–14 (1968–1974) were published by Hafner Publishing Company; subsequent volumes have been published by The New York Botanical Garden, and to date, 114 volumes of this series have been published. The current Executive Director of the Organization for Flora Neotropica is Wm. Wayt Thomas; the current Editor-in-Chief of Flora Neotropica is Lawrence M. Kelly. Available online: http://www. jstor.org/. INTERMOUNTAIN FLORA, 1972–PRESENT
Intermountain Flora Project spanned three generations of botanists and the better part of a century. Conceived in the 1940s by Bassett Maguire, the project began in earnest in the 1960s, driven by Maguire's students Arthur Holmgren and Arthur Cronquist, and will be completed with the publication of volume 7 in 2016, making it the
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longest-running NYBG research project. The Intermountain Flora is designed to cover essentially the dryland region (approximately 267,000 sq. miles) between the Sierra Nevada on the west and the Rocky Mountains on the east, and between the moister country of the Pacific Northwest on the north, and the warmer drylands (often characterized by Larrea) to the south (see Thomas, 2016, this issue, Fig. 1). It is the core of the region in which the foothills and lowlands are largely dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt., sens. lat.) and chenopodiaceous genera such as Atriplex. Each volume provides reliable keys, thorough descriptions, and plentiful illustrations for the flora of this region. Buck and Naczi (2013) edited a volume of papers celebrating Noel and Patricia Holmgrens’ completion of Intermountain Flora, containing insights into the labor of love that went into the decades-long research and publications effort. The series of volumes has garnered an outpouring of praise from the many users of the books. This statement by Teresa Prendusi, Regional Botanist, U.S. Forest Service Intermountain Region, in a letter on file in the LuEsther T. Mertz Library Archives of the NYBG, is representative: BIntermountain Flora has been an indispensable tool for us as well as for other Federal (Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Department of Energy) and State agencies for the Interior West. Every natural resource specialist in the fields of Botany, Ecology, Range Management, Soil Science, and Forestry utilizes this reference on a regular, if not daily basis.^ The series is published in seven volumes (two of which were in two parts) with varying authorship; the volumes were not published in numerical sequence, but rather in the order in which the pre-determined content was written and submitted. Volume Six was published by Columbia University Press. Intermountain Flora Volume One. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. By Arthur Cronquist, Arthur H. Holmgren, Noel H. Holmgren, James L. Reveal, and Patricia K. Holmgren. Published 1/1/1972 [geological and botanical history of the region, its plant geography and a glossary; the vascular cryptogams and the gymnosperms] Intermountain Flora Volume Two. Part A: Subclasses Magnoliidae–Caryophyllidae. Vascular
Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. By Noel H. Holmgren, Patricia K. Holmgren, James L. Reveal, and Collaborators. Published 8/10/2012 Intermountain Flora Volume Two, Part B. Subclass Dilleniidae. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. By Noel H. Holmgren, Patricia K. Holmgren, and Arthur Cronquist. Published 6/30/2005 Intermountain Flora Volume Three, Part A. Subclass Rosidae (except Fabales). Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. By Arthur Cronquist, Noel H. Holmgren, and Patricia K. Holmgren. Published 1/1/1997 Intermountain Flora Volume Three. Part B. Fabales. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. By Arthur Cronquist, Arthur H. Holmgren, Noel H. Holmgren, James L. Reveal, and Patricia K. Holmgren. Fabales by Rupert C. Barneby. Published 1/1/1989 Intermountain Flora Volume Four. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. By Arthur Cronquist, Arthur H. Holmgren, Noel H. Holmgren, James L. Reveal, and Patricia K. Holmgren. Published 1/1/1984 [This volume covers a great many of the most difficult families found in the flora of the Intermountain region, the largest of which are Polemoniaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Boraginaceae, and Scrophulariaceae.] Intermountain Flora Volume Five. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. By Arthur Cronquist, Arthur H. Holmgren, Noel H. Holmgren, James L. Reveal, and Patricia K. Holmgren. Asterales by Arthur Cronquist. Published 6/30/1994 Intermountain Flora Volume Six. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. By Arthur Cronquist, Arthur H. Holmgren, Noel H. Holmgren, James L. Reveal, and Patricia K. Holmgren. [Published by Columbia University Press] Published1/1/1977 [This volume covers the Liliopsida] Intermountain Flora Volume Seven. Potpourri: H i s t o r y, A u t h o r s , A r t i s t s , C o l l e c t o r s , Beardtounges, Glossary, and Indices. By Noel H. Holmgren and Patricia K. Holmgren. In Press.
ADVANCES IN ECONOMIC BOTANY, 1984–PRESENT
Advances in Economic Botany is an interdisciplinary series of books designed to integrate pure and applied studies in the realm of plants and
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people. Advances has found its readership among policy makers, teachers, researchers, and students in the field of agronomy, anthropology, biology, ecology, economic botany, ethnobotany, geography, and pharmacology. The AEB series serves as the official publication of the NYBG’s Institute of Economic Botany. To date, seventeen volumes have been published, as listed below. The current Editor of Advances in Economic Botany is Charles M. Peters. This series is not presently available digitally, but can, as with all in-print titles from New York Botanical Garden, be obtained through http://www.nybgpress.org/. Ethnobotany in the Neotropics (AEB 1). Edited by G. T. Prance and J. A. Kallunki. Published 9/18/1984 The Life and Botanical Accomplishments of Boris Alexander Krukoff (AEB 2). By Leslie R. Landrum. Published 6/9/1986 Systematics and Economic Botany of the Oenocarpus-Jessenia (Palmae) Complex (AEB 3). By Michael J. Balick. Published 10/6/1986 Ethnobotany of the Chácobo Indians, Beni, Bolivia. Second Edition (AEB 4). By Brian M. Boom. Published 1/20/1987; Second Edition published in 1996 Swidden-Fallow Agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon (AEB 5). By Christine Padoch and William M. Denevan. Published 1/1/1988 The Palm -Tree of Life: Biology, Utilization, and Conservation (AEB 6). Edited by Michael J. Balick. Published 1/6/1988 Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies (AEB 7). Edited by D. A. Posey and W. Balée. Published 6/27/1989 New Directions in the Study of Plants and People (AEB 8). Edited by Ghillean T. Prance and Michael J. Balick. Published 1/31/1990 Non-Timber Products from Tropical Forests: Evaluation of a Conservation and Development Strategy (AEB 9). Edited by Daniel C. Nepstad and Stephan Schwartzman. Published 1/1/1992 Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research: A Field Manual (AEB10). Edited by Miguel N. Alexiades with assistance from Jennie Wood Sheldon. Published 1/1/1996 Beyond Slash and Burn: Building on Indigenous Management of Borneo's Tropical Rain Forests (AEB 11). By Carol J. Pierce Colfer with Nancy Peluso and Chin See Chung Published 1/1/1998 Medicinal Plants: Can Utilization and Conservation Coexist? (AEB12). By Jennie Wood
Sheldon, Michael J. Balick, and Sarah A. Laird. With a forward by George M. Milne, Jr. Published 3/4/1997 Várzea: Diversity, Development, and Conservation of Amazonia's Whitewater Floodplains (AEB 13). Edited by Christine Padoch, José Márcio Ayres, Miguel Pinedo-Vasquez, and Andrew Henderson. Published 1/1/1999 Ethnobotany of the Shuar of Eastern Ecuador (AEB 14). By Bradley C. Bennett, Marc A. Baker, and Patricia Gomez Andrade. Published 3/22/2002 Ethnobotany and Conservation of Biocultural Diversity (AEB15). Edited by Thomas J. S. Carlson and Luisa Maffi. Published 4/15/2004 The Amazonian Caboclo and the Açaí Palm: Forest Farmers in the Global Market (AEB 16). By Eduardo S. Brondízio. Published 5/29/2008 Bark: Use, Management, and Commerce in Africa (AEB 17). Edited by Anthony B. Cunningham, Bruce M. Campbell, and Martin K. Luckert. Published 4/25/2014 General books and textbooks Since 1898, NYBG has published or copublished at least 19 free-standing scholarly books outside the realm of the aforementioned series. Several were multi-volume works and several went through a number of editions and/or printings, as indicated below. Several of these have become modern classics among angiosperm systematics titles, namely Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist’s Manual, and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants. Recently some of these printed books have been reissued also as digital PDF files. The list of all titles is presented below in chronological order by year of publication. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic ocean westward to the 102d meridian. By Nathaniel Lord Britton and Addison Brown. [The 3volume set, appearing in sequence in 1896, 1897, 1898, was published in New York by Charles Scribner’s Sons. This work constituted the first illustrated flora published in the United States. The descriptive text was chiefly prepared
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by Britton, with the assistance of specialists in several groups; the figures were also drawn under his supervision. Available online at http://www. biodiversitylibrary.org/ and https://www. hathitrust.org/. General key and indexes to the three volumes, published in 1898; available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/. The Second Edition, revised and enlarged, was published by The New York Botanical Garden in 1936, and reprinted in 1947; the Second Edition was reprinted in 1970 by Dover Publications with a slight alteration to the title and page size. This title is out-of-print.] The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. By Henry A. Gleason. [Published for The New York Botanical Garden by Hafner Publishing Company, Inc. in 1952; this 3-volume work was reprinted with slight revisions in 1958, 1963, and 1968. Gleason provided the vast majority of taxonomic treatments, but he was assisted by ten specialists for certain families or genera. This title is out-of-print.] Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. By Henry A. Gleason and Arthur Cronquist. 1963, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.; 1991, Second Edition, The New York Botanical Garden; reprinted in 1993, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2009. [The antecedent title to this modern classic is now the long outof-print Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and Canada by Nathaniel Lord Britton, published by Henry Holt and Company, 1901, available online at http://www.biodiversity library.org/ and https://www.hathitrust.org/; Second Edition, revised and enlarged in 1905 is available online at https://archive.org/ and https://www.hathitrust.org/; Third Edition, revised and enlarged, 1907. All editions available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ and https://www.hathitrust.org/ ] The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants. By Arthur Cronquist. [Published in 1968 by Houghton Mifflin; reprinted in 1978 with a two-page addendum by Allen Press, and distributed by The New York Botanical Garden; Second Edition, 1988, published by The New York Botanical Garden.] Contributions Toward a Classification of Rhododendron: Proceedings of the International Rhododendron Conference (The New York Botanical Garden, May 15–17, 1978. Sponsored by
The New York Botanical Garden and The American Rhododendron Society). Edited by James L. Luteyn and Mary E. O'Brien. 1980 Rare Plant Conservation: Geographical Data Organization. Edited by Larry E. Morse and Mary Sue Henifin.1981 Floristic Inventory of Tropical Countries: The Status of Plant Systematics, Collections, and Vegetation, plus Recommendations for the Future. Edited by David G. Campbell and H. David Hammond. 1989 Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests: Proceedings of the Neotropical Montane Forest Biodiversity and Conservation Symposium. The New York Botanical Garden. 21-26 June 1993. Edited by Steven P. Churchill, Henrik Balslev, Enrique Forero, and James L. Luteyn. 1995 Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual: Illustrations of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. By Noel H. Holmgren. 1998 [Reprinted in 2004] A Color Atlas of Plant Propagation and Conservation. By Bryan G. Bowes. 1999 Cultural Uses of Plants: A Guide to Learning about Ethnobotany. By Gabriell DeBear Paye. 2000 Evolution and Ecology of Palms. By Andrew Henderson. 2002 Handbook of Poisonous and Injurious Plants. Second Edition. By Lewis S. Nelson, Richard D. Shih and Michael J. Balick. Co-published with Springer. 2007 Palms of Southern Asia. By Andrew Henderson. Co-published with Princeton University Press. 2009 Manual of Leaf Architecture. By Beth Ellis, Douglas C. Daly, Leo J. Hickey, John D. Mitchell, Kirk R. Johnson, Peter Wilf, and Scott L. Wing. Co-published with Cornell University Press, Comstock Publishing Associates. 2009 Pohnpei Primary Health Care Manual: Health Care in Pohnpei, Micronesia; Traditional Uses of Plants for Health and Healing. By Roberta Lee, Nieve Shere, Michael J. Balick, Francisca Sohl, Andrew S. Roberts, Katherine Herrera, Stephen Dahmer, Min Lieskovsky, Alfred Dores, William Raynor, Pelihter Raynor, Elipiana Albert, Molly Hunt, Clay Trauernicht, Lisa Offringa, Irina Adam, and Wayne Law. Co-published with CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 2010
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The Amazon Várzea: The Decade Past and the Decade Ahead. Edited by Miguel PinedoVasquez, Mauro L. Ruffino, Christine Padoch, and Eduardo S. Brondízio. Co-published with Springer. 2011 Messages from the Gods: A Guide to the Useful Plants of Belize. By Michael J. Balick and Rosita Arvigo. Co-published with Oxford University Press. 2015 Remarkable Plants of Vanuatu/Plantes Remarquables du Vanuatu. By Laurence Ramon and Chanel Sam. Co-published with Biotope. 2015 NYBG Press and the future As indicated above, NYBG Press has a proud tradition of publishing scholarly literature on plants and fungi. In its long history it has published seven journal titles, 308 books in eight series, and 19 stand-alone books. Along the way, several of these books have been recipients of awards: Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual: Illustrations of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada was recipient of the 1998 Association of American Publishers Award for Excellence in Professional/Scholarly Publishing in Biological Science; The Pteridophytes of Mexico Parts I (Descriptions and Maps) & II (Plates) was recipient of the 2004 CBHL Award for Significant Works in Botanical Literature; and Foliicolous Lichenized Fungi was recipient of the Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genève Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle Prize for Best Monograph 2008. Building on this solid record of accomplishment in scholarly publishing since 1896, NYBG Press is poised to take the institution’s publications program to an even higher level of productivity by adding a more diverse range of titles having appeal not only to the scientific community but also for the general reader. In 2015, NYBG acquired state-of-the-art publishing software to streamline, manage, and coordinate the Press’ production, business, and customer services functions. Central to this new functionality is an e-commerce site, which allows for online marketing and selling of NYBG Press publications in a way competitive within the modern publishing industry; see http://www.nybgpress. org/ for The Best New Books in Botany™. In addition to offering a more diverse range of titles about plants and fungi, including more field
guides and books for the general public, plans call for offering more titles that are co-published with other organizations, and more that are offered in digital formats. Already, NYBG Press has begun to enter a broader marketplace with its publications and with formats beyond traditional print media. For example, NYBG Press’ most recent stand-alone book, Remarkable Plants of Vanuatu/Plantes Remarquables du Vanuatu, was co-published bilingually in English and French with the French organization Biotope. Two of NYBG Press’ recent titles in its series Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden, published in traditional print format, That Glorious Forest (vol. 113) and New Flora of Vermont (vol. 110), have been reissued as e-books. Beginning in 2016, NYBG Press is issuing an online edition of a revision by R. F. C. Naczi, J. R. Abbott, and Collaborators of the classic Gleason & Cronquist Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, as digital PDF file downloads of plant family treatments. The print version of The New Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada will follow when the plant family treatments are all completed. Making content available in digital formats is clearly one of the means for NYBG Press to foster its future growth and sustainability. To N. L. Britton’s motto BGet it into print!^ NYBG Press has added this coda for the 21st century: BGet it online!^ Acknowledgments The author thanks two anonymous reviewers for their improvements to this article and Sandi Frank for compiling some preliminary, unpublished information on the history of scholarly publishing at The New York Botanical Garden.
Literature Cited Anonymous. 1957. Editorial. Brittonia 9(1): 1. Britton, N. L. 1899. Description of a new stonecrop from Mexico. Bulletin of The New York Botanical Garden 1: 257. Buck, W. R., B. M. Boom & R. A. Howard. 1990. The Bassett Maguire Festschrift: A tribute to the man and his deeds. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 64: 1– 302. ——— & R. F. C. Naczi, eds. 2013. Harmony and Grit: Papers Celebrating the Holmgrens' Completion of Intermountain Flora. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 108: 1–290.
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Forero, E. & S. A. Mori. 1995. The organization for Flora Neotropica. Brittonia 47: 379–393. Frank, S. Unpubl. data. The New York Botanical Garden Press. Manuscript compiled in 2005. Fraser, S. M. & V. B. Sellers, eds. 2014. Flora Illustrata: Great works from the LuEsther T. Mertz Library of The New York Botanical Garden. New Haven and New York: Yale University Press and New York Botanical Garden. Harold William Rickett Papers, RG12. http://www.nybg. org/library/finding_guide/archv/rickett_irf.html. LuEsther T. Mertz Library, The New York Botanical Garden. Holmgren, N. H. 1980. Indices to the species illustrated in Addisonia. Brittonia 32(3): 421–436. Kingsland, S. E. 2005. The Evolution of American Ecology, 1890–2000. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Lederman, L. & T. A. Forrest. 2012. Magnificent Trees of The New York Botanical Garden. New York: Monacelli Press and New York Botanical Garden. Long, G. & T. A. Forrest, eds. 2016. The New York Botanical Garden. Rev. ed. New York: Abrams.
Nash, G. V. 1916. Begonia cowellii, Cowell’s Begonia, native of eastern Cuba. Addisonia 1: 9–10. North American Flora. 1940. Bibliography and Index. North American Flora 7(15): inside front cover. North American Flora Series II. 1990. Melanommatales (Loculoascomycetes). North American Flora Series II, Part 13: inside front cover. Steere, W. C. 1986. Edmund H. Fulling. Economic Botany 40(1): 18–20. Thomas, W. W. 2005. Flora Neotropica – Monographs as inventories: Species Plantarum 250 years; Proceedings of the Species Plantarum Symposium held in Uppsala, August 22-24, 2003. Acta Universitalis Upsaliensis, Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 33: 187–192. ———. 2016, this issue. 125 years of floristic research and collecting at The New York Botanical Garden. Brittonia 68(3). ——— & M. Tulig. 2015. Hard Copy to Digital: Flora Neotropica and the World Flora Online. Rodriguésia 66(4): 983–987.
