14

O I L AND SOAP

ABSTRACTS Oils

and

Fats

w.F..o

T h e amino saponification of fats. II. E. De C O N N O a n d L. T A R S I T A N O . Ann. cairn, appl~cata 22, 433-40 (1932) ; cf. C. A. 12, 1 1 7 2 . - - I n p r e v i o u s w o r k , t h e f a t s h a v e b e e n s a p o n d , i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f FhNI-I~, t h u s f o r m i n g t h e a n i l i d e d i r e c t l y . T h e r e action has now been carried out with m*xylidine, p-anisidine, and p - p h e n e t i d i n e in place of aniline. H o w e v e r , w i t h these defies, of a n i l i n e , t h e s a p o n , is n o t c o m p l e t e . A l l t y p e s o f f a t s w e r e t r i e d : d r y i n g o i l s ; s e m i - d r y i n g o i l s ; n o n - d r y i n g oils, i . e . , p e a n u t oil, oil o f a l m o n d s , o l i v e oil, c a s t o r o i l ; c o d - l i v e r o i l ; l a r d , s u e t . A. W . C O N T I E R L David's method for the separation of solid from liquid f a t t y acidS. R. J U N G K U N Z . Chem. U m s c h a u F e t t e , Ole, W a c h s e H a r z c 39, 171-3 ( 1 9 3 2 ) . - - D a v i d ' s m e t h o d (.C.A. 5, 594) is b a s e d on t h e insoly, of solid f a t t y acids in a l a r g e excess of N H d O H a t 13-14 °. J. f i n d s t h a t m y r i s t i c a n d l a u r i c a c i d s g o l a r g e l y i n t o soln. a n d t h e r e f o r e r e j e c t s t h e m e t h o d . P. E S C H E R . D e t e r m i n i n g the iodine number of the unsaponifiable m a t t e r in olive oil. B. R I C C A a n d R. L A M O N I C A . Olii minvrali, olii grassi, eolori vernici 12, 74-5 ( 1 9 3 2 ) . - - O l i v e o i l s w e r e s e c u r e d f r o m R e g g i o C a l a b r i a w i t h t h e c o n s t s , d ~ 0.9166-0.9175, a c i d i t y a s o l e i c a c i d 2.01-6.62, s a p o n , no. 190.7-192, n=~ 61.6-62.4, I no. 75.07-80.53. A f t e r t h e o i l s h a d b e e n d r i e d , f i l t e r e d a n d k e p t i n d e s i c c a t o r s r e s u l t s o f d e t n s , of t h e I no. o f t h e u n s a p o n i f l a b l e m a t t e r v a r i e d f r o m 76.93 to 134.50. V a r y i n g t h e l e n g t h of t h e treatment with the I did not change the results. The amt. of unsaPonlfiable matter extd. from the oils varied markedly, t h o u g h b e t w e e n d e f i n i t e l i m i t s . T h e I no. f o r t h e u n s a p o n i f i a b l e m a t t e r was i n v e r s e l y p r o p o r t i o n a l to the p e r c e n t a g e of u n s a p o n i flable matter. Together with the substance absorbing I there w a s extd., i n v a r y i n g p r o p o r t i o n , s o m e o t h e r n o n a b s o r b e n t p r o d uct influencing the final value. Special p r e c a u t i o n s in extg. t h e unsaponifiable matter and prolonging the washing of the ether ext. w i t h w a t e r d i d n o t a p p r e c i a b l y i m p r o v e t h e r e s u l t s . The u n s a p o n i f l a b l e m a t t e r a l w a y s h a d a n a c i d r e a c t i o n (2-14% o f the unsaponiflable matter). RAFFAELE SANSONE. A modification in the V J l l a v e c c h i a - F a b r i s sesame oil reaction. ANTONIO MONTEFREDINE. Olii minerali, ot~i grassi, colorl ve~'n~e~ 12, 93 ( 1 9 3 2 ) . - - A f e w cc. o f d i s t d , w a t e r is a d d e d t o t h e acid liquid. T h i s is d e c o l o r i z e d i n t h e a b s e n c e o f s e s a m e oil even if i n t e n s e l y colored; it r e m a i n s colored in its presence. S o m e o i l s w h e n d e c o l o r i z e d t a k e on a s l i g h t l y g r e e n i s h c a s t . R. S A N S O N E . T h e action of sun r a y s on olive oil. GUGLIELMO LOEW. Olti minerali, olii grassi, colori vern~ci 12, 89-91 ( 1 9 3 2 ) . - - S u n r a y s a c t o n l a y e r s f r o m I ram. t o 1000 m m . i n t h i c k n e s s . T h e t h i c k e r t h e y are, t h e s l o w e r is t h e a c t i o n . I f t h e oil is p l a c e d in vessels covered w i t h w h i t e or colored glass, b l e a c h i n g t a k e s place to the s a m e extent, but much more slowly, a l m o s t all the a c t i o n t a k i n g p l a c e in t h e l a s t t h i r d o f t h e e x p o s u r e t i m e . F o r b l e a c h i n g q u i c k l y , m a x . c o n t a c t b e t w e e n oil, a i r a n d s u n l i g h t is n e e d e d . W i t h t h e oil f l o w i n g s l o w l y d o w n low s t e p s b l e a c h i n g t a k e s p l a c e i n ½ t h e t i m e . S u n - b l e a c h e d o l i v e oil s t i l l g i v e s a f l u o r e s c e n c e in W o o d ' s l i g h t . T h e p u r i f i e d oil o f d~5 0.9170, a c i d i t y 2.03% I no. 82.6, s a p o n , no. 193.5, n2o 1.46588 a n d h e a t i n d e x 43.0, a f t e r 15 d a y s ' e x p o s u r e t o t h e s u n in a n o p e n g l a s s v e s s e l h a d d~6 0.9172, a c i d i t y 2.03%, I no. 81.9, s a p o n , no. 192.2. n:0 1.46600, h e a t index, 44.8; a n d a f t e r 30 d a y s . d=~ 0.9175, a c i d i t y 2.03%, I no. 82.6, s a p o n , no. 191.9; n:, 1.46625, h e a t i n d e x 46.6 Increasing the exposure increased the viscosity. R. S A N ~ O N ~2. T h e relation of agronomic practice to the q u a n t i t y and quality of the oil in f i a x s e e d . I. J. J O H N S O N . J. A g r Research 45, 2 3 9 - 5 5 ( 1 9 3 2 ) . - - T h e av. otl c o n t e n t o f f l a x s e e d s h o w s a f a i r l y u n i f o r m i n c r e a s e f r o m 5 d a y s to 25 d a y s a f t e r f l o w e r i n g , f o l h)wed b y a s l i g h t d e c r e a s e to m a t u r i t y . T h e I a b s o r p t i o n no. o f t h e oil i n c r e a s e s r a p i d l y f r o m t h e 5th t o t h e 17th d a y a f t e r f l o w e r i n g , t h e n d e c r e a s e s s l i g h t l y to m a t u r i t y ; this indicates t h a t t h e s a t d . f a t t y a c i d s a r e f o r m e d f i r s t in t h e s y n t h e s i s o f t h e oil b u t a r e p r o g r e s s i v e l y t r a n s f o r m e d to a c i d w i t h a g r e a t e r d e g r e e of u n s a t n . T h e a n a l y s e s of the seed showed a v e r y s l i g h t r e d u c t i o n in oil c o n t e n t w i t h d e l a y e d p l a n t i n g i n 1929 b u t n o c o n s i s t e n t d i f f e r e n c e s i n 1930. T h e I no. o f t h e oil a s detd. i n 1930 i n d i c a t e d ~ a s l i g h t d e c r e a s e w i t h d e l a y e d p l a n t i n g f o r o n e variety but no significant change for another. W . H . 1R. COURTESY

Edited by

Ns . . . , . .

T h e action of sun rays on olive oil. G U G L I E L M O L O E W . Oli~ m~neral~, oli~ grassi, colori vernici 12, 8 9 - 9 1 ( 1 9 3 2 ) . - - S u n r a y s a c t on l a y e r s f r o m 1 m m . t o 1000 m m . i n t h i c k n e s s . T h e t h i c k e r t h e y are, t h e s l o w e r i s t h e a c t i o n . I f t h e oil is p l a c e d in vessels covered w i t h w h i t e or colored glass, b l e a c h i n g t a k e s place to the s a m e extent, b u t m u c h more slowly, a l m o s t all the action t a k i n g place in the l a s t t h i r d of the exposure time. F o r b l e a c h i n g q u i c k l y , m a x . c o n t a c t b e t w e e n oil, a i r a n d s u n l i g h t is n e e d e d . W i t h t h e oil f l o w i n g s l o w l y d o w n l o w s t e p s b l e a c h i n g t a k e s p l a c e i n Va t h e t i m e . S u n - b l e a c h e d o l i v e o i l s t i l l g i v e s a f l u o r e s c e n c e i n W o o d ' s l i g h t . T h e p u r i f i e d oil o f d15 0.9170, a c i d i t y 2.03%, I no. 82.6, s a p o n , no. 193.5, n~0 1.46588 a n d h e a t i n d e x 43.0, a f t e r 15 d a y s ' e x p o s u r e t o t h e s u n in a n o p e n g l a s s v e s s e l h a d dz5 0.9172, a c i d i t y 2.03%, I no. 81.9, s a p o n , no. 192.2, ne0 1.46600, h e a t i n d e x 44.8 ; a n d ~tfter 30 d a y s , dz5 0.9175, a c i d i t y 2.03%, I no. 82.8, s a p o n , no. 191.9, nuo 1.46625, h e a t i n d e x 46.6, I n c r e a s i n g t h e e x p o s u r e i n c r e a s e d t h e v i s c o s i t y . R. S A N S O N E . D e t e r m i n a t i o n of beeswax in candles. F R A N C I S ~ ' . POWER a n d l i l D W A R D S. H A U B E R . Ind. Eng. ,Chem., Anal. Ed. 4, 3 8 9 - 9 0 ( 1 9 3 2 ) . - - T h e m e t h o d ' r e c o m m e n d e d f o r s a p o n , no. is t o u s e 40 o r 50 ce. o f 0.5 N o r N K O H i n abs. ale. w i t h 3.5 g. o f s a m p l e a n d r e f l u x f o r 2-2.5 hrs. a n d t i t r a t e w i t h HC1 w i t h I ec. 1% p h e n o l p h t h a l e l n . I t m a y be a s s u m e d t h a t An]. c a n d l e s c o n t a i n o n l y b e e s w a x , s t e a r i c a c i d a n d p a r a f f i n . T h e p e r c e n t a g e o f beesw a x m a y be calcd, f r o m t h e e x p r e s s i o n ; p e r c e n t a g e o f b e e s w a x e s t e r no. o f c a n d l e , E. S C H E R U B E L . e s t e r no. o f b e e s w a x . The significance and c h a r a c t e r of the retention of solvents. L~O IVANOVSZKY. Chem. L i s t y . 26, 331-2(1932).--V~'axes a n d carbohydrates resembling waxes decrease the rate of evapn, of solvents very markedly. T h i s p r o p e r t y is c a l l e d r e t e n t i o n ( R ) . T h e r e t e n t i o n no. ( R z ) is d e t d . b y t h e loss in wt. in 100 g. o f a 25% w a x i n a b e n z e n e soln. (b. 150~95 ° l e a v i n g u n d e r 1% r e s i due) m a d e u n d e r identical conditions a n d exposed to the atm. a t 15 ° in c y l i n d r i c a l d i s h e s w i t h a c r o s s - s e c t i o n a r e a o f 133 sq. ram. T h e r e t e n t i o n b e c o m e s R ---- 100 ÷ R z . ~ o r t h e r e t e n t i o n o f p u r e dil. w a x spins, t h e r e l a t i o n R v = f l ( C t V ~ ) h o l d s u n t i l s a t n . , w h e r e C~ i s the conen, a n d Vt t h e sp. r e t e n t i o n o f t i m d i s solved wax. T h e r e t e n t i o n o f s a t d . spins, is e x p r e s s e d by R g --( R e ) m a x . L a r g e s e r i e s o f d e t n s , s h o w t h a t t h e R o f sp. w a x e s is const, w i t h i n n a r r o w l i m i t s a n d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c n u n l e r i c a l l y i i t c a n be u s e d a s a c r i t e r i o n f o r t h e i r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n a n d p u r i t y f o r i t is m a r k e d l y a f f e c t e d b y s m a l l a d d n s , o f f o r e i g n w a x e s . Cf. following abstr. F.M. T h e retention of a solvent as a constant for wax, LEO IVANOVSZKY. Chem. L i s t y . 26, 3 3 2 - 5 t 1 9 3 2 ) . - - T h e r e t e n t i o n nos. ( R z ) d e c r e a s e d in t h e f o l l o w i n g o r d e r f o r t h e w a x e s : c r u d e montan, Japan, carnauba, beeswax, r e f i n e d ozocerite, extn. paraffin, h a r d paraffin, normal paraffin, bleached montan, ozocerite-ceresin mixt., soft paraffin, h a r d paraffin, refined ozocerite-paraffin and beeswax-paraflln. The Rz values depend o n l y on t h e chem. p r o p e r t i e s a n d p u r i t y of a w a x a n d a r e n o t r e l a t e d to t h e m. p. T h e a d d n . o f a n y w a x d e c r e a s e d t h e R z v a l u e s of b e e s w a x . M i x t s . o f p a r a f f i n w i t h o x o c e r i t e o r b e e s w a x show m i n i m a in the Rz c u r v e s w h i c h allow the e v a l u a t i o n of the p u r i t y of ozocerite. The m i n i m a a p p e a r in the lnixt, paraffin 97.5%, o z o c e r i t e 2.5%. F o r m i x t s , o f c e r e s i n a n d ozocerit*e i t is n e c e s s a r y t o a d d a q u a n t i t y o f p a r a f f i n to b r i n g o u t t h e m i n i m a f o r t h e o z o c e r i t e c o n t e n t is u s u a l l y s m a l l . The carnauba and m o n t a n w a x e s t o g e t h e r w i t h v a r i o u s m i x t s , of p a r a f f i n s h o w no m i n i m a ; t h e i r r e t e n t i o n corresponds to the p a r t i a l retention of 2 c o m p o n e n t s f o l l o w i n g t h e i r p e r c e n t a g e compn. F. M. Sulfonated hydrocarbons as a soap base, H. P O M E R A N Z . Seifensieder-Ztg. 59, 3 5 7 - 9 ( 1 9 3 2 ) . - - B y a d d i n g a t tl~e d o u b l e C b o n d s o f a t r i g l y c e r i d e one o r 2HOaS g r o u p s , T u r k e y - r e d oils a r e f o r m e d w h i c h r e s e m b l e s o a p s b u t a r e s t a b l e t o w a r d C a P , MgO, dil. a c i d s a n d a l k a l i e s . S t i l l b e t t e r r e s u l t s a r e o b t a i n e d by s u l f o n a t i n g a l k y l e s t e r s a n d a m i d e s o f f a t t y acids, or by e s t e r i f y i n g l o w e r a l i p h a t i e h y d r o x y s u l f o n i c a c i d s w i t h f a t t y acids, a n d a l s o b y r e d u c i n g t h e CO2H g r o u p o f a f a t t y a c i d to a C H O H group with or without catalysts, and then esterifyine with I-I.~SOd; a l l t h e s e a r e p r o d u c t s w i t h a s o a p c h a r a c t e r b u t f o r m no insol, s o a p s w i t h C a P , etc., a n d do n o t h y d r o l y z e i n HeO. B y s u l f o n a t i n g h y d r o c a r b o n s direct, d e t e r g e n t s for wool w a s h i n g h a v e been m a n u f d . , b u t t h e i r c o n s t i t u t i o n ~ h a v e n o t Yet been clearly detd. P. E S C H E R .

CHEMICAL

ABSTRACTS

JANUARY, 1933

15

ABSTRACTS Soaps Explanation of Drop in Soap Production. A m e r i c a n P e r f u m e r and Essential Oil R e v i e w , O c t o b e r , 1 9 3 2 . - - S i g n i f i c a n t t r e n d s w h i c h h a v e c o m b i n e d t o i n j u r e t h e s o a p t r a d e a r e : (1) T h e r e a r e a s m a l l e r n u m b e r Of s e r v a n t s , w h o a r e a p t t o be w a s t e f u l w i t h soap. (2) P a v e d r o a d s , m u c h c l e a n e r t h a n d i r t a n d g r a v e l roads, have greatly increased. The p o p u l a r closed model of a u t o m o b i l e a l s o t e n d s to k e e p o u t dirt'. (3) L i n o l e u m a n d tile, w h i c h r e q u i r e l i t t l e s o a p f o r c l e a n s i n g , h a v e b e e n s u b s t i t u t e d in m a n y places for c a r p e t s a n d rugs. (4) By the w i d e s p r e a d use of electricity in the household, the d i r t f r o m wood a n d coal stoves is avoided. (5) T h e use of c h e m i c a l s in laundries. (6) ~Vomen w e a r c l o t h i n g o f l i g h t e r w e i g h t s a n d less y a r d a g e t h a n formerly. (7) T h e t r e n d of i n d u s t r y is t o l e t m a c h i n e s d o t h e h e a v y d i r t y jobs. T.C. PITKIN.

Investigates Dry-Cleaning Soap Properties,. The A m e r i c a n P e r f u m e r and Essential Oil R e v i e w , O c t o b e r , 1932.--C. L. B i r d h a s r e c e n t l y m a d e s o m e e x p e r i m e n t s in B r i t a i n in o r d e r to s t u d y t h e effect o f t h e a d d i t i o n o f w a t e r t o m i x t u r e s o f s o a p ( i n ti~is case. p o t a s s i u m o l e a t e s o a p ) oleic acid, p e t r o l e u m s p i r i t a n d d e n a t n r e d alcohol. T h e a d d i t i o n o f w a t e r to p o t a s s i u m oleate in p e t r o l e u m spirit g i v e s a g e l a t i n o u s p r e c i p i t a t e ; f u r t h e r a d d i t i o n s increase the viscosity until a slight excess causes a d e c r e a s e in v i s c o s i t y w i t h u l t i m a t e s e p a r a t i o n i n t o t w o l a y e r s . Mr. B i r d r e a c h e d t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t c o m m e r c i a l d r y - c l e a n i n g s o a p s h o u l d n o t c o n t a i n m o r e t h a n 5% d e n a t u r e d a l c o h o l a n d t h a t t h e o l e i n u s e d s h o u l d n o t be m o r e t h a n 60% s a p o n i f i e d . T h e h i g h oleic a c i d c o n t e n t i n t h e a b s e n c e o f a l i t t l e d e n a t u r e d a l c o h o l is n e c e s s a r y t o e n s u r e s t a b i l i t y .

Ethylene Glycol Soaps. P e r f u m e r y and Essential Oil Record. September, 1932.--Glycol " s o a p s " are now on the m a r k e t u n d e r t h e n a m e s of d i g l y c o l o l e a t e a n d d i g l y c o l s t e a r a t e , a n d c o n s i s t o f mixture of the men- and diesters. Soda, p o t a s h , a m m o n i a o r a m m o n i a d e r i v a t i v e s h a v e been replaced by ethylene glycol. T h e o l e a t e is a l i q u i d i n s o l u b l e i n w a t e r , b u t s o l u b l e in a l c o hol, e s t e r s , a n d h y d r o c a r b o n s , a n d i t s s o l u t i o n i n n a p h t h a i s b e i n g used in d r y - c l e a n i n g . T h e s t e a r a t e h a s a m e l t i n g p o i n t o f 58-60 ° C., a n d d i s p e r s e s in w a r m w a t e r , a 10% m i x t u r e w i t h h o t w a t e r g i v i n g a t h i c k c r e a m . I t i s s a i d to be u s e f u l in w o o l w a s h i n g a n d in w e a v i n g r a y o n a n d s i l k , a s w e l l a s in c o s m e t i c ~ B o t h the oleate a n d s t e a r a t e a r e used in polishes as e m u l s i f y i n g a g e n t s , a n d t h e a d d i t i o n o f 4-6% t o a n o r d i n a r y s o a p is c l a i m e d to increase the d e t e r g e n t p o w e r a n d g i v e a more l a s t i n g lather, w i t h s m a l l e r b u b b l e s . A s p e c i a l f e a t u r e o f t h e s e c o m p o u n d s is t h a t t h e y a r e n e u t r a l o r s l i g h t l y acid, w h e r e a s a n o r d i n a r y s o - c a l l e d n e u t r a l s o a p is a l w a y s a l k a l i n e w h e n d i s s o l v e d in water.

Litharge and glycerine m o r t a r s . G E O R G E W. G L E A S O N . P a p e r Tredes Journal, Vol. X C V , No. 15, P a g e 33, O c t o b e r 13, 1932.---The l i t h a r g e - g l y c e r i n e m o r t a r s , w h e n m a d e u p w i t h P o r t l a n d cement: a n d s a n d , a r e so p l a s t i c a n d " f a t " t h a t t h e r e a p p e a r s t o be l i t t l e d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e g l y c e r i n e r e q u i r e m e n t f o r a c e r t a i n p l a s t i c i t y d u e t o t h e t y p e o f s a n d used. T h e a d d i t i o n or s u b t r a c t i o n of r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l m a s s e s of glycerine solution change the consistency materially. A continual increase in t h e s t r e n g t h of set m o r t a r is experienced with increase in the glycerine c o n t e n t of the glycerinew a t e r solution used to mix the m o r t a r . Such v a r i a t i o n , because of the price of glycerine, should m a k e possible an o p t i m u m concentration for given conditions. P r a c t i c a l l y , t h e w r i t e r h a s f o u n d ma~ly u s e s f o r t h i s m o r t a r . I t f o r m s a strong, q u i c k - s e t t i n g cement for p l a c i n g steel pins in c o n c r e t e o r m a c h i n e b a s e bolts. I t c e m e n t s t i l e Joints, j o i n s b r o k e n c o n c r e t e , e m b e d s w a l l i n s e r t s , etc. T h e p r o p e r t y o f r a p i d s e t c o m b i n e d w i t h t h e h i g h s t r e n g t h o b t a i n e d to a l a r g e m e a s u r e o v e r c o m e s t h e h i g h c o s t Of t h e m o r t a r .

Soap or synthetic compounds?

Chemical Abstracts. ~rol. 26. (1932i.--J. STOCKttAUSEN a n d E. K E S S L E R . Seifensieder-Ztg. 59, 539-40, 558-60 ( 1 9 3 2 ) . - - T h e p H v a l u e s of 2 s o a p s of a s y n t h e t i c w a s h i n g c o m p o u n d a n d o f N a s C O a w e r e determined with Phenolphthalein and Alizarin yellow R indic a t o r s a t 25 ° a n d 65 ° . T h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e s o a p a n d t h e a m o u n t o f Na.-COa a d d e d w e r e v a r i e d t o r e p r e s e n t c o m m e r c i a l c o n d i t i o n s . C o n c l u s i o n s : T h e pI-/ v a l u e o f s o a p s o l u t i o n s i s c o n t r o l l e d by t h e p e r c e n t a g e of NasCOa p r e s e n t : the h y d r o l y z i n g effect of s o a p s h a s l i t t l e effect. T h e d a m a g i n g effect of s o a p s c o n t a i n i n g NauCOa u p o n w o o l w a s d e t e r m i n e d b y w a s h i n g w o o l , 6171

g. S.EELV drying, storage for 4 weeks and then applying the Allwoerden a n d t h e P a u l y - M a r k - B r u n s w i k r e a c t i o n f o r d a m a g e d fibers. R e sult : With normal soap-soda concent~'ations and temperatures no d a m a g e occurs, b u t i n c r e a s e d t e m p e r a t u r e o r i n c r e a s e d t i m e o f e x p o s u r e c a u s e s fiber d e t e r i o r a t i o n s . The advertised damaging effect o f h y d r o l y z e d s o a p is w i t h o u t f o u n d a t i o n .

PATENTS Soap and glycerol.

Chemical A b s t r a c t s , N o v e m b e r 10, 1 9 3 2 . -

J o h n B. E. J o h n s o n . F r e n c h 728,431, D e c e m b e r 18, 1931. S o a p and glycerol are prepared by submitting a rapid current comp o s e d o f a m i x t u r e o f oil o r l i q u e f i e d f a t a n d a n a q u e o u s s o l u tion of a basic s a p o n i f y i n g a g e n t in a m o u n t sufficient to f o r m s o a p , t o a r e l a t i v e l y h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e (e. g. 250 ° ) a t a sufficiently h i g h p r e s s u r e - t o insure complete saponification w h i l e excluding air a n d p r e v e n t i n g d e c o m p o s i t i o n of the soap f o r m e d a t t h e t e m p e r a t u r e to w h i c h t h e m i x t u r e is s u b m i t t e d .

Soap m a n u f a c t u r e . Soap, N o v e m b e r , 1 9 3 2 . - - U . S. P a t e n t , 1,878,547, S o a p M a n u f a c t u r e , P a t e n t e d S e p t e m b e r 20, 1932, b y J u l i u s A. S c h w a n t e s , ~ a u w a t o s a , W i s c o n s i n , a s s i g n o r to Colgate-Palmolive-Peel Company, Chicago. The combination with a conveyor means, of m e a n s for f o r m i n g soap into cakes on the conveyor means, and means for polishing and finishing the cakes w h i l e on the conveyor means. Glycerol in l a m i n a t e d glass. Chemical A b s t r a c t s , Vol. 26, 6090 (1932).--Wilbur F. Brown (to Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co.). U. S. 1,873,280, A u g u s t 23. G l y c e r o l is u s e d f o r b o n d i n g t o gether layers such as glass and cellulose derivative compounds. C. F. C. A. 25, 5535. Scouring action of soap on silk. Chemical A b s t r a c t s . Vol. 26, 6144 ( 1 9 3 2 ) . - - R I S A K U T S U N O K A Y E . J. Soc. Chem. Ind., J a p a n 35, Suppl. b i n d i n g 405-10 ( 1 9 3 2 ) ; o f C. A. 26, 5 7 6 2 . - - I n t h e d e g u m m i n g o f silk, t h e s o a p a n d i t s h y d r o l y z e d p r o d u c t s r e main combined with the fiber physically and chemically and influence t h e n a t u r e of t h e silk. T h e s u b s t a n c e s w h i c h a f f e c t t h e silk a r e f a t t y acids, a l k a l i a n d soap, the a l k a l i d e s t r o y i n g the luster and decreasing the strength and ~longation, while fhe fatty acid increases the elasticity. Adsorbed saturated fatty acids hold the color of the scoured silk w h i l e u n s a t u r a t e d f a t t y a c i d s , b e c a u s e o f t h e i r o x i d a t i o n , c h a n g e i t s color. Adsorbed f a t t y a c i d s a l s o i n f l u e n c e t h e degTee o f w e i g h t i n g o f t h e s i l k . T h e effect o f a d s o r b e d s o a p o n t h e s t r e n g t h , e l o n g a t i o n a n d e l a s t i c i t : ¢ of t h e s i l k is v a r i o u s , b u t i t is n o t so l i a b l e t o u n d e r g o o x i d a t i o n o n t h e s i l k fiber, l~atty acids and not soap are the c a u s e o f t h e s c r o o p on s c o u r e d s i l k . Washing powder and soap powders containilqg water gla,ss and their behavior in hard water, ~hem~ca~ Abstracts, N o vember 10, 1 9 3 2 . - - W E L W A R T . Svtfensteder-Ztg. 59, 489-90 ( 1 9 3 2 ) . - - S o - c a l l e d b l e a c h i n g s o d a i s a m i x t u r e o f ~qa_-COa a n d Na silicate, the l a t t e r u s u a l l y in a n insOluble f o r m t h a t does n o t a i d in s o f t e n i n g h a r d water, b u t increases t h e deposits on t h e f a b r i c s a n d is a positive d e t r i m e n t . I n soap p o w d e r s its p r e s e n c e m e a n s a filler.

Middle soap. R. TI. F E R G U S O N a n d A. S. R I C H A R D S O N . T h e P r o c t e r a n d G a m b l e C o m p a n y , Ind~estrial and E n g i n e e r i n g C h e m i s t r y 24, 1329 ( 1 9 3 2 ) . - - - E q u i l i b r i a i n v o l v i n g m i d d l e s o a p h a v e been i n v e s t i g a t e d in t h e s y s t e m s t a l l o w s o a p - s o d i u m chloride-water, c o c o n u t oil s o a p - s o d i u m chloride-water, and ] n i x e d s o a p s y s t e m s a t 100 ° C. M i d d l e s o a p h a s b e e n d e s c r i b e d a s i t o c c u r s in s u c h c o m m e r cial soap systems, and, from analyses of the actually separated p h a s e s , i t h a s b e e n p o s s i b l e to c o n f i r m f u l l y M e B a i n ' s d i s c o v e r y o f t h e e x i s t e n c e of t h i s f o r m o f s o a p a s a s e p a r a t e a n d d i s t i n c t phase, immiscible with neat soap and nigre. Commercial soap systems such as were investigated appear to s t i m u l a f e to a m a r k e d degree t h r e e - c o m p o n e n t s y s t e m s of soap, w a t e r , a n d e l e c t r o l y t e i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n r a n g e s w h e r e m i d dle s o a p o c c u r s ; t h e y e x h i b i t t h e s a m e t y p e s o f e q u i l i b r i a a s t h e pure soaps of single f a t t y acids. Soap helps launch liner. A m e r i c a n P e r ] u m e r and Essent~a~ Oil R e v i e w , N o v e m b e r , 1 9 3 2 . - - I t is i n t e r e s t i n g to n o t e t h a t s o a p plays an i m p o r t a n t p a r t in the l a u n c h i n g of m o d e r n liners. The new French leviathan, the Normandie, which was launched at St. N a z a i r e o n O c t o b e r 30th, r e q u i r e d 35 t o n s o f soap, t a l l o w , a n d l a r d to e n a b l e t h e s t r u c t u r e t o m o v e q u i c k l y a n d s t e a d i l y a l o n g t h e s l i p w a y i n t o t h e sea.

16

Registration, Society

OIL

American Oil Chemists' Convention, October 20th and 21 st

Agee, G. W o r t h e n , a n d Wife, B a r r o w - A g e e L a b o r a t o r i e s , Inc., M e m p h i s , T e n n . A l l b i i g h t , W. B., T h e Allbright-Nell Co., Chicago, Ill. A s p e g r e n , H e r m a n , Norfolk R e s e a r c h Corp., Norfolk, Va. B e n n e t t , E. J., a n d Wife, B e n n e t t C l a r k Co., So. Bend, Ind., a n d S a n Antonio, T e x a s . Berg, I. A., Cereal L a b o r a t o r i e s , Chicago, Ill. Birch, R. B., Jr., Gillette P u b l i s h i n g Co., Chicago, Ill. Blake, R. E., T h e B e s t Foods, Inc., Chicago, Ill. C a m p b e l l , Archibald, C i n c i n n a t i , Ohio. C a n n o n , Lloyd, a n d Wife, Sinclair R e f i n i n g Co., O l m s t e a d , Ill. Carlson, A. J., U n i v e r s i t y of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. Clark, C. B., Corn P r o d u c t s Refining Co., Argo, Ill. Connelley, P a u l C., Gillette P u b l i s h i n g Co., Chicago, Ill. C o s g r o v e , D. P., S t e r n e & Son, Chicago, Ill. Craig, J. D , S p e n c e r - K e l l o g g & Sons, Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. D a w s o n , L y m a n L., Vogt P r o c e s s e s , Inc., Louisville, Ky. D e g a v r e , M a r t i n L., C o l g a t e - P a l m o l i v e - P e e r Co., Jeffersonville, Ind. D o h e r t y , ft. E., L e v e r Bros. Co., Boston, Mass. D o r m i t z e r , H. C., a n d Wife, W i l s o n & Co., Chicago, Ill. D u r k e e , M. M., A. E. S t a l e y Mfg. Co., D e c a t u r , Ill. E i s e n s t a d t , Win., 133 W. W a s h i n g t o n Street, Chicago, Ill. F e r g u s o n , J. L., J. L. F e r g u s o n Co., Joliet, Ill. F o e r s t e r , C., D a r l i n g & Co., Chicago, Ill. G a r r i s o n , K e n n e t h , P u r i n a Mills, St. Louis, Me. G i e r a h m , T. A., S o u t h e r n Cotton Oil Co., Chicago, Ill. Gillette, H. P., Gillette P u b l i s h i n g Co., Chicago, Ill. Griem, M. E., C u d a h y B r o t h e r s Co., C u d a h y , Wis. G r o u n d w a t e r , R., S w i f t & Co., Chicago, Ill. G u i l l a u d e u , A r t h u r , S w i f t & Co., Chicago, Ill. H a m n e r , N. C., a n d Wife, S o u t h w e s t e r n L a b o r a t o r i e s , Dallas, T e x a s . H a n s e n , T h e e . B., I n d e p e n d e n t B i s c u i t Mfg. Co., Chicago, Ill. H a r r i n g t o n , B. S., A r m o u r & Co., Chicago, Ill. H a r r i s , B e n j a m i n R., E p s t e i n R e y n o l d s & H a r r i s , 5 So. W a b a s h Ave., Chicago, Ill. H a r r i s , J o h n P., a n d Wife, I n d u s t r i a l C h e m i c a l S a l e s Co., Inc., Chicago, Ill. H a r t l e y , M. L., T h e B e s t Foods, Inc., Chicago, Ill. H a t t e r , R. C , V a n C a m p s , Louisville, Ky. Hoyt, L. F., L a r k i n Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Irwin, W. H., a n d W i f e , Swift & Co., Chicago, Ill. J e n s e n , L. B., Swift & Co., Chicago, Ill. J o h n s o n , Victor, U n i v e r s i t y of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. K e m p e r , D a v i d A., Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co., Cleveland, Ohio. K i e s s , A r t h u r A., A r m o u r & Co., Chicago, Ill. K i n g , A. E., Swift & Co., Chicago, Ill. K i s t l e r , J. C., A r m o u r & Co., Chicago, Ill. K i s t l e r , R. E., S w i f t & Co., Chicago, Ill. L a M e n t , H. H.: S h a r p i e s S p e c i a l t y Co., P h i l a d e l p h i a , Pa. L a n i e r , S. J , L e v e r Bros. Co., H a m m o n d , Ind. L a p p e n . J. J., A. E. S t a l e y Co., D e c a t u r , Ill. L e a m o n , E. C., C e n t r a l Scientific Co.. Chicago, Ill. Lenox, R. V., S o u t h e r n C o t t o n Oil Co., Chicago, Ill. Lewis, W. Lee, I n s t i t u t e of A m e r i c a n M e a t P a c k e r s , Chicago, Ill. L o n g , C. P , P r o c t e r & Gamble, C i n c i n n a t i , Ohio. L u c k o w , E l m e r R., a n d Wife, Allen B. XVrisley Co., Chicago, Ill. MacGee, A. E r n e s t , a n d Wife, Skelly Oil Co., Chicago, Ill. Martin, C. B., S t e r n e & Son Co., Chicago, Ill. Marx, Victor, Chicago, Ill. Maxfield. J. P., A. D a i g g e r & Co., Chicago, Ill. McDonell, G. H., A m e r i c a n Can C o m p a n y , Maywood, Ill. McLeod, W m . G., C a n a d a P a c k e r s , Ltd., Toronto. Miner, Carl, M i n e r L a b o r a t o r i e s , Chicago, Ill. Moore, G. A., C o r n P r o d u c t s , Chicago, Ill. Moran, J. A., C u d a h y Bros. Co., Milwaukee, Wis. N e w t o n , R. C,, Swift & Co., Chicago, Ill. Oilar, Rozier D., W e s t L a F a y e t t e , Ind. P e r r y , R. W., W m . Davies Co., Chicago, Ill. P h e l p s , G. W., Swift & Co., Chicago, Ill. P o l c z y n s k i , E d w a r d R., C u d a h y Bros. Co.. C u d a h y , Wis. P u t l a n d , A. W., A r m o u r & Co., Chicago, Ill. P u l f r e y , A r t h u r , Corn P r o d u c t s R e f i n i n g Co., Argo, Ill. Pye, A. R:, T h e C o l u m b i a Alkali Corp., Chicago, Ill. R e e s e , W. J., C o l g a t e - P a l m o l i v e - P e e t Co., K a n s a s City, Kan. R i c h a r d s o n , A. S., P r o c t e r & Gamble, C i n c i n n a t i , Ohio.

AND

SOAP

Richer, A. S., a n d Wife, H. K o n s t a m & Co., Inc., Clearing, Ill. Roeg, L o u i s M., M e r c k & Co., Inc., R a h w a y , N. J. R o b i n s o n , A. A., a n d Wife, W i l s o n & C o , Chicago, Ill. R o b i n s o n , A., Swift & Co., Chicago, Ill. Roth, W m . , T h e A n d r e w J e r g e n s Co.. C i n c i n n a t i , Ohio. Schille, J. L., B e s t Foods, Inc., Chicago, Ill. Schroder, A r t h u r , P r e c i s i o n Scientific Co., Chicago, Ill. Sheely, M. L., a n d Wife, A r m o u r & Co., Chicago, Ill. S h e r r i c k , Paul, E. H. S a r g e n t & Co., Chicago, Ill. Sieck, E r n s t , Sieck & Drucker, Chicago, Ill. Siegal, L. A., L e v e r Bros., H a m m o n d , Ind. S j o s t r o m , O., 6204 S. M a p l e w o o d Ave., Chicago, Ill. Spielraan, L. A., D u r k e e F a m o u s 'Foods, Inc., Chicago, Ill. S t e p h e n , R. A.. J. L. F e r g u s o n Co., Joliet, Ill. Stern, P a u l L., C l i n t o n Corn S y r u p R e f i n i n g Co., Clinton. Iowa. S t r a n d , O. P., W i l s o n & Co., Chicago, Ill. Taylor, W. L., a n d Wife, A r c h e r - D a n i e l s - M i d l a n d Co., Chb cage, Ill. Tefft, H e n r y D., I n s t i t u t e of A m e r i c a n M e a t P a c k e r s , Chicago, Ill. T r a i n e r , Gee. W., D a r l i n g & Co., Chicago, Ill. T r u x a l , Gee. W., T h e Cleveland.Cliffs Iron Co., Cleveland, Ohio. T u c k e r , Floyd, C o r n P r o d u c t s Ref. Co., Argo, I11. U t e s c h , Donald N., A r m o u r & C o , Chicago, IlL Van de W e g h e , Marins, H o l m a n Soap Co., Chicago, Ill. Vibrans, F r a n k C., I n s t i t u t e of A m e r i c a n M e a t P a c k e r s , Chicago, IlL V i s s e r 't Hooft, Dr. F., Buffalo, New York. Vollertsen, J. J., a n d Wife, A r m o u r & Co., Chicago, Ill. W e a t h e r h e a d , D. T., D a r l i n g & Co., Chicago, Ill. W r e n c h , J., I n d u s t r i a l C h e m i c a l S a l e s Co., Inc., N e w York, N.Y. W r i g h t , R. E., L e v e r Bros. Co., H a m m o n d , Ind. W u r s t e r , O. H., a n d Wife, W U r s t e r & S a n g e r , Inc., Chicago, Ill. W y l d s , H a r r y W., L e v e r Bros. Co., H a m m o n d , Ind.

Fully Automatic Water Softener Announced by Permutit N E W fully automatic industrial zeolite water softener has just been announced by The P e r m u t i t Company, New York. B y a combination of a meter operated switch and electric controls with a motor driven Permutit single valve, each operation of the water softener is conducted under precise control. Briefly, at the end of the softening run, the meter actuates the electrical controls which carry through the steps of: Cutting the softener out of operation. Baekwashing it for a regulated period so as to secure thorough cleansing. Admitting a carefully regulated amount of saturated salt brine so as to assure thorough regeneration without wastage of salt. Rinsing out the hardness salts to waste with the minimmn amount of rinse water. And throwing the softener back into service thus 1)lacing it again under control of the meter, which governs the volume of water to be softened during the softening run and initiates the start of the next regenerating cycle. Not only may the new models be had in the full automatic type but it is also a relatively simple m a t t e r to apply the automatic control to existent downflow softeners thus converting manual to fully automatic operation.

A

JANUARY, 1933 ~letal

Polish

17 in Powder

Form

Such products as have been offered on the market give unstable suspensions in naphtha or gasoline and are unsuitable for use in making water base polishes. An improved product on which patent is pending consists of silica and suitable emulsifying and stabilizing agents. It is m a n u f a c t u r e d and sold in d r y form to consumer trade. The consumer simply mixes the powder with water. Manufacturers or janitors' supply houses buy in bulk, mix with water, put in cans under their own label and sell to constoner trade as liquid metal polish. Information as to purchase of the product and licenses to manufacture under pending patents can be obtained from the Hull Company, 130 Clinton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Price charts in essential oils from 1929 to the present time are being sent on request, by Fritzsehe Brothers, Inc., 78 Beekman street, New York.

OIL AND SOAP

18

A recent decision by the U. S. Customs Court, in the much discussed "Bergamot Oil Case," is expected to be an effective weapon against the adulteration of essential oils. The court held that oils containing any foreign substance were, within the meaning of the law, "compounds" and as such were subject to the prohibitive duty of the tariff against other than pure oils.

Investigation

with Respect to Flaxseed Discontinued The Tariff Commission announces that the investigation with respect to flaxseed has been discontinued and dismissed without prejudice. This investigation was instituted June 9, 1931, for the purposes of Section 336 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The investigation also includes linseed or flaxseed oil, but this part is continued, in order to carry out the provision of Senate Resolution 243, 72d Congress, adopted June 20, 1932. It is planned that the information with respect to flaxseed collected thus far in the investigation will be used in the preparation of a survey on the subject, under the provisions of Section 332 of the present tariff law.

19 Patterson F o u n d r y and Machine Co., of East Liverpool, Ohio, has mailed an interesting booklet on "Special Processing E q u i p m e n t " to the trade. Many illustrations of uses of their machinery make the booklet interesting and helpful to the plant superintendent and others.

Formation of a new sales division, called the Closure Division, is announced by the Armstrong Cork & Insulation Co., Lancaster, Pa. Dwight L. Armstrong, a vice-president of the company, has been made general manager of this division, which is comprised of three departments: Corks Department, E. F. Ebberts, manager; Cap Department, S. L. Barnes, manager; and Crown Department, J. C. Feagley, manager, assisted by J. M. McCormick.

The new president of the Chicago Perfumery, Soap and Extract Association is Dudley F. Lum, of Chicago. He was elected at the annual meeting in December to succeed Donald M. Clark. W. Kedsie Teller, of Columbus Laboratories, is the new secretary.

Carl F. Miller & Co., of 1008 Western avenue, Seattle, Washington, has been appointed sales representative in the northwestern field by the Glyco Products Co., Inc., of Bush Terminal, Brooklyn, N.Y. They will specialize on special emulsifying agents and synthetic resins and waxes.

Sesame Estimate Sharply Revised

November sesame seed report shows exports five thousand five hundred ninety-eight short tons. E g y p t leads one thousand nine hundred nlnety-three. Europe one thousand five hundred forty, United States one thousand four hundred fifty. Stocks Hankow November 30 three thousand five hundred short tons. Substantial revision crop estimate reduces exportable surplus of sesame seed from seventy thous~nd short tons to forty-five thousand or fifty thousand short tons.