JTTEE5 22:1–9 DOI: 10.1007/s11666-012-9875-6 1059-9630/$19.00 Ó ASM International

Selected Patents Related to Thermal Spraying Issued between July 1, 2012 and September 30, 2012 Prepared by Jirˇı´ Mateˇjı´cˇek, Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Republic; [email protected]. Adapted from Thomson Reuters Scientific. CA denotes Canadian, CN denotes Chinese, EP denotes European, KR denotes Korean, RU denotes Russian, SG denotes Singaporean, US denotes United States patents. The information has the following format: Title, Abstract, Patent number, Inventors, Company, Issued/Filed dates.

Applications Method for Manufacturing Thermal Spray Powders, Swash Plate of Car Air Conditioning System and Thermal Coating Material of Swash Plate. Purpose: A thermal spray powders manufacturing method, a swash plate of car air conditioning system and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve the anti-wearing property of a swash plate by coating the swash plate with thermal spray powders. Constitution: A thermal spray powders manufacturing method comprises next steps. Amorphous powder is made from Si: 2-2.5 wt.%, P: 5-6 wt.%, Cr: 2-3 wt.%, Mo: 5-6 wt.%, B: with 1-2 wt.%, and Fe: 80.5-85 wt.%. A pig iron is used as the main material. Each component is melt after tapping. Nitrogen gas is sprayed to cool the component and mills finely as soon as the component is being tapped (S50). The particle size classification is performed after pulverization through straining. The amorphous powder of 80-95 wt.% is mixed with molydisulfide of 5-20 wt.%. KR 101153650: Ahn Jee Hoon. Company: Posco, Res. Inst. Ind. Science & Tech. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-03/2009-12-30. Method for Preparing Super-Hydrophobic Metal Coating by Plasma Spraying. The invention relates to a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic metal coating by plasma spraying. The method comprises a step of preparing the superhydrophobic metal coating by spraying powder on the substrate surface by using a plasma spraying method, wherein the technical parameters of the spraying are that: the arc voltage is 35-75 V, the arc current is 200-600 A, the main air flow is 30-100 L/min, the auxiliary air flow is 20-55 L/min, the powder feeding speed is 15-100 g/min, and the spraying distance is 45-135 mm. The invention prepares the super-hydrophobic metalcoating by plasma spraying method and has the advantages that: preparation of the entire super-hydrophobic metal coating can be finished by primary plasma spraying without needing complex pre-oxidation step and the like or needing subsequent chemical modification step and the like, the static contact angle of the prepared super-hydrophobic metal coating can reach 150° to 180° and the roll angle is smaller than 5°.

moving ring by a novel plasma spraying technology. The invention is characterized in that: Al2O3-TiO2 ceramic powder which has high comprehensive properties such as wear resistance, friction resistance, corrosion resistance, insulating property, finish machining property and the like is adopted; and a wear-resistant ceramic coating with longitudinal cracks is prepared by the novel plasma spraying technology, has a uniform fine particle structure, low porosity, high bonding strength with a substrate, and high bonding strength, is compact and can be ground to achieve the roughness of a mirror surface. Test results prove that the novel ceramic coating has specific self-sealing capability in rotary friction, surface roughness is improved, the pores of the coating are filled, and high wear resistance is achieved. CN 102094165: Yi Wang, Hongli Suo, Lin Ma, Min Liu, Aidong Guo, Mengxiao Li, Xinya Zhang, Defeng Liu, and Chuanbo Dong. Company: Beijing Univ. of Technology, Beijing Aili Yongtai Energy Technology Co. Ltd. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-04/ 2010-12-27. Method to Apply Heat-Shielding Wearproof Coating on Parts of Iron and Steel. Substance: Abrasive blasting with silicon carbide with a particle size of 1.5 mm is carried out. Then plasma spraying of cermet composition of mechanical powder mixture containing the following components is carried out, wt.%: nichrome 50-60, zirconium dioxide 20-10, titanium carbide 15-20, boron carbide 10-15. Effect: increased durability and longevity of components. RU 2455385: Vladimir P. Pankov, Vladimir E. Zhidkov, Vjacheslav D. Kovalev, Petr T. Kolomytsev, Denis V. Pankov, Oleg L. Rudnev, Anatolij I. Shatalov, Oleg J. Kabakov, Vjacheslav A. SolovÕev, and Igor A. Sobolev. Company: OOO NPP Zashchita Jug. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-10/2011-05-30. Method for Manufacturing Magnetic Ring From Carbonyl Iron Powder. The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a magnetic ring from carbonyl iron powder, which comprises the following steps of: spraying a carbonyl iron powder material which has ultra-high purity, more than or equal to 97% of iron, the impurity type of not exceeding 4 and the particle size of less than or equal to 3.0 lm under high pressure, adding an insulation adhesive into the material in a mass ratio of 1:5 to wrap a carbonyl iron powder core to separate particles from one another so as to achieve high insulation effect; meanwhile, pressing with a mold to form a certain shape and make the material have certain mechanical strength, performing thermal ageing to form a sensitive magnetic material, and performing surface treatment. The manufactured magnetic ring has the characteristics of high saturation magnetic flux density and simple process.

CN 101942630: Yanjun Zheng, Zhengfeng Li, Lishan Cui, and Junai Bai. Company: China Univ. of Petroleum. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-04/2009-07-06.

CN 101950661: Yanbin Guo, Wenge Li, Lei Gao, Aijun Yang, Yan Zhao, and Lahuai Long. Company: Baoji Fenghuo Nuoxin Technology Co. Ltd. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-18/2010-09-03.

Highly Wear-Resistant Mechanical Seal Moving Ring and Manufacturing Method Thereof. The invention discloses a highly wear-resistant mechanical seal moving ring and a manufacturing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical seal. A wear-resistant ceramic layer is prepared on the working surface of the mechanical seal

Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Sputtering Targets. A process for the manufacture of sputtering target comprises the steps of (i) providing a substrate; (ii) plasma melting of a material selected to form the sputtering target, yielding droplets of molten material; and (iii) deposition of the droplets onto the substrate, yielding a sputtering target

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composed of the coated layer of the material on the substrate. In some application, it might be preferable that the substrate be a temporary substrate and (iv) to join the coated temporary target via its coated layer to a permanent target backing material; and (v) to remove the temporary substrate, yielding a sputtering target composed of the coated layer of the material on the permanent target backing material. The plasma deposition step is carried out at atmospheric pressure or under soft vacuum conditions using, for example, d.c. plasma spraying, d.c. transferred arc deposition or induction plasma spraying. The process is simple and does not require subsequent operation on the resulting target. CA 2556786: Maher I. Boulos and Jerzy W. Jurewicz. Company: Tekna Plasma Systems Inc. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-24/ 2004-02-23. Method for Repairing Central Slot of Scraper Conveyor. The invention discloses a method for repairing a central slot of a scraper conveyor, and belongs to the technical field of conveyor central slot repairing. The method comprises the following steps of: cleaning and detecting to determine a defect to be repaired; repairing the defect by using carbon-dioxide arc welding, and dressing by using a manual grinding wheel, wherein a welding rod is made from 16Mn or 4Cr; selecting a heat-resistant alkaline flux-cored wire, and spraying a molten spraying material onto the ledge of the central slot to obtain a wear-resistant layer; performing spray welding on the surface of a middle plate of the central slot by adopting plasma spray welding equipment to obtain a wear-resistant layer, wherein the spray welding material is high-chromium cast iron powder; and performing integral painting treatment on the repaired central slot. The ledge of the central slot is sprayed through arcs, which has the characteristics of low cost, easy operation, good wear resistance and the like; and the middle plate of the central slot is subjected to spray welding through plasmas, the wear resistance of the surface of the middle plate is improved, the wear of a scraper to the middle plate is reduced and the service life of the middle plate is prolonged. CN 102091906: Hongli Suo, Yi Wang, Jianying Li, Min Liu, Lin Ma, Mengxiao Li, Bin Zeng, Defeng Liu, Feng Zhao, and Jinhua Wang. Company: Beijing Univ. of Technology. Issued/ Filed: 2012-07-25/2010-12-22. Glass Coated Target Material and Preparation Method Thereof. The invention relates to the field of preparation of glass coated target materials, in particular to a glass coated target material and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problem of preparation of magnetron sputtering glass coated target materials. The glass coated target material is prepared from SiAl powder serving as a raw material which is prepared by mechanically mixing pure Si powder and pure Al powder, wherein the mixed powder comprises 85 to 95 wt.% of Si powder with particle diameter of between 45 and 125 lm and 5 to 15 wt.% of Al powder with particle diameter of between 30 and 100 lm. The glass coated target material is prepared by atmospheric plasma spray coating technology; and the preparation process parameters are that: the current is 400 to 500 A, the voltage is 45 to 58 V, the powder feed rate is 40 to 60 g/min, the powder feed air flow is 5.0 to 7.0 L/min, the main air flow is 41 to 43 L/min, the main air pressure is 0.45 to 0.55 MPa, the secondary air flow is 1.6 to 2.8 L/min, the secondary air pressure is 0.25 to 0.35 MPa, the spray coating

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distance is 100 to 150 mm, and the spray coating angle is 75° to 90°. The sputtering cathode target material prepared by the method is suitable for production of coated glass and has great industrial application value. CN 102021515: Na Xu, Xinchun Chang, Wanliang Hou, Jia Zhang, Chunzhi Zhang, Fengjun Zhang, Jianqiang Wang, and Mingxiu Quan. Company: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-25/2009-09-16. Anticorrosion Abrasion-Resistant Coating Material for HotDip Galvanizing Device. The invention belongs to the crossing field of composite oxide ceramics and hot spray, which is mainly applied to manufacturing an anticorrosion abrasionresistant coating material which can be used for the surface of a hot-dip galvanizing device. The chemical components of the anticorrosion abrasion-resistant coating material used for the surface of the hot-dip galvanizing device can be expressed by mass percentage as (ZnO)t (Al2O3)u (SiO2)v (TiO2)w (Li2O)x (K2O)y Az, wherein A is the sum of MgO, CaO, Na2O, Fe2O3 and other oxides; and t is less than or equal to 70 and more than or equal to 30, u is less than or equal to 70 and more than or equal to 30, v is less than or equal to 10 and more than or equal to 1, w is less than or equal to 5 and more than or equal to 0.5, x is less than or equal to 1 and more than or equal to 0.1, y is less than or equal to 1 and more than or equal to 0.1, z is less than or equal to 0.5, and the sum of the t, u, v, w, x, y, and z is equal to 100. Because the composite ceramic material uses zinc oxide, alumina composite oxide and zinc spinel as main phases, the composite ceramic material has chemical stability and zinc corrosion resistance and can be applied to the coating material on the surface of the hot-dip galvanizing device. Simultaneously, the material has liquidus of lower temperature, so the composite oxide ceramics coating with corrosion resistance, good adhesiveness, high hardness and good thermal stability can be obtained by a common oxy-acetylene flame spraying method. CN 101580380: Qingsong Wang. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-25/ 2008-05-12. Wear-Resistance Layers on Surfaces of Inner Ring and Outer Ring of Bypass Variable Mechanism of Gas Turbine and Preparation Method Thereof. The invention discloses wearresistance layers on the surfaces of an inner ring and an outer ring of a bypass variable mechanism of a gas turbine and a preparation method thereof. The wear-resistance layers are positioned on the inner bottom surface of the outer ring and the outer top surface and the lateral surfaces of the inner ring; and the wear-resistance layers are molybdenum coatings and are made by an air plasma spraying method. The molybdenum coatings have high hardness, low friction coefficient and uniformly distributed ports and can store oil, improve the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bypass mechanism, prolong the service life of workpieces and reduce cost. The preparation method of the invention adopts the air plasma spraying process, solves the problems of difficult molybdenum melting, easy coating oxidization and low spraying efficiency and successfully applies aluminum densified coatings to the bypass mechanism of the gas turbine. At the same time, the spraying method has the advantages that: the temperature of the workpieces is below 150 °C in a spraying process; no post-treatment is required after spraying; and the workpieces do not deform.

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology

CN 101705842: Mingyi He, Dingjun Li, Zhengchao Li, Wei Wang, Xudong Xiang, Daojun Zhang, and Weigang Zhang. Company: Dongfang Electric Group. Issued/Filed: 2012-08-22/ 2009-11-21. Fusion Curing Process Article and Copper Alloy Material for Fusion Curing Process and Manufacturing Method Thereof. A melted-solidified matter having a melted-solidified portion formed by welding, deposit welding, thermal spray or fusion. The melted-solidified portion has an alloy composition comprising 0.0005 to 0.05 mass% Zr, 0.01 to 0.35 mass% P and the balance of Cu wherein the content of P [P] and the content of Zr [Zr] satisfy the relationship: [P]/[Zr]=0.3 to 200, and has an average crystal grain diameter of = 300 lm in the macrostructure after melting-solidification. In the event where Fe and/or Ni is contained as unavoidable impurities in the melted-solidified portion, when either thereof is contained, the content of Fe or Ni is restricted to = 0.3 mass%. When Fe and Ni are contained, the total content thereof is restricted to = 0.4 mass%. CN 101273148: Keiichiro Oishi. Company: Sanbo Shindo Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha. Issued/Filed: 2012-08-29/2005-09-30. Preparation Method of Titanium-Steel Composite Plate Thin Strip. The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a preparation method of a titanium-steel composite plate thin strip, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: firstly, uncoiling a cold rolled metal strip by using an uncoiling machine; secondly, sending the uncoiled strip to a heating furnace to be preheated; thirdly, thermally spraying the preheated strip, cooling to room temperature in air; fourthly, sending the cooled titanium-steel composite plate thin strip to an on-line heating device to ensure that the temperature of the sprayed titanium-steel composite plate thin strip raises to 200-1,000 DEG C at a temperature gradient of 30-300 DEG C/s; and fifthly, enabling the heated titanium-steel composite plate thin strip to enter a finishing mill at a speed of 0.3-2 m/s to be rolled, wherein the primary down rate is more than 5%, the total down rate is more than 30%, the interface bond strength of the obtained titanium-steel composite plate thin strip is more than 300 MPa and the surface roughness is less than 0.01 mm. CN 102019292: Guangming Xie, Zongan Luo, Guanglei Wang, Guodong Wang, and Liang Li. Company: Northeastern Univ. Issued/Filed: 2012-09-05/2010-11-11. CoNiCrAlY Corrosion-Resistant Thermal Spraying Alloy Powder and Preparation Method Thereof. The invention relates to the field of thermal spraying coating materials, in particular to CoNiCrAlY corrosion-resistant thermal spraying alloy powder and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problem of material corrosion in corrosive environment. The thermal spraying alloy powder comprises the following chemical compositions and impurities in percentage by weight: 31.034.0% of Ni, 24.5-26.5% of Cr, 5.0-6.5% of Al, 0.4-0.8% of Y, less than or equal to 0.05% of [O], less than or equal to 0.015% of [N], less than or equal to 0.02% of C, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Si, and the balance of Co. The thermal spraying alloy powder is prepared by an ultrasonic gas atomization technology, and has the granularity of 30-74 lm, the fluidity of less than or equal to 25 s/50 g, and the apparent density of 3.5-4.5 g/cm3 and a coating prepared from the thermal spraying alloy powder has the mean thermal expansion coefficient of (13.3-13.7) 9 10 6 K 1 at the temperature

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology

of between 25 and 700 °C, and has excellent low-temperature (35 °C) and high-temperature (900 °C) corrosion resistance. Through salt spray tests at 35 °C for 15 days, the coating is not changed obviously; and through a high temperature corrosion test at 900 °C for 120 h, the coating is corroded and increases weight of 0.04 to 0.08 mg/mm2. CN 102094163: Na Xu, Jia Zhang, Xinchun Chang, Wanliang Hou, Shengjia Luan, Fengjun Zhang, and Chunzhi Zhang. Company: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Issued/Filed: 2012-09-05/2011-02-25. Coating System for High Temperature Stainless Steel. A method for protecting carbon steel and stainless steel, and particularly high temperature stainless steel, from coking and corrosion at elevated temperatures in corrosive environments, such as during ethylene production by pyrolysis of hydrocarbons or the reduction of oxide ores, by coating the steel with a coating of MCrAlX or MCrAlXT in which M is nickel, cobalt, iron or a mixture thereof, X is yttrium, hafnium, zirconium, lanthanum, scandium or combination thereof, and T is silicon, tantalum, titanium, platinum, palladium, rhenium, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, or combination thereof. The coating and substrate preferably are heat-treated at about 10001200 °C for at least about 10 min, preferably about 20 min to 24 h, effective to metallurgically bond the overlay coating to the substrate and to form a multiphased microstructure. The coating preferably is aluminized by depositing a layer of aluminum thereon and subjecting the resulting coating to oxidation at a temperature above about 1000 °C for a time effective to form an alumina surface layer. An intermediary aluminum-containing interlayer may be deposited directly onto the substrate prior to deposition of the overlay coating and is heat-treated with the coating to form a protective interlayer between the stainless steel substrate and coating to disperse nitride formation at the substrate/coating interface. Also, the coating may be deposited onto and metallurgically bonded to the substrate by plasma transferred arc deposition of atomized powder of MCrAlXT, obviating the need for a separate heat treatment. Alternatively, a blended powder composition to produce a desired MCrAlXT alloy may be applied to the substrate. CA 2612881: Konstantin K. Tzatzov, Gary A. Fisher, Robert Prescott, Yan Chen, Hang Zheng, Chinnia G. Subramanian, A.G. Wysiekiersk, Juan M. Mendez Acevedo, Alexander S. Gorodetsky, and Edward J. Redmond. Company: Bodycote Metallurgical Coatings Ltd. Issued/Filed: 2012-09-18/2001-0608. Tungsten Carbide Reinforced Composite Material Strengthened Layer of Mould Steel Basal Body and Preparation Process Thereof. The invention relates to a tungsten carbide reinforced composite material strengthened layer of a mould steel basal body and a preparation process thereof, belonging to the technical fields of surface material preparation and surface processing. A surface strengthened layer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.852.45% of C, 2.90-3.85% of Si, 12.45-15.25% of Cr, 3.10-3.65% of B, 7.55-8.50% of W, 2.20-2.85% of Co, 4.50-5.50% of Fe, and the balance of Ni. Main strengthened phases in a spray welding layer comprise WC, Cr7C3, Ni4B3, and Co7W6. The process for preparing the surface strengthened layer through plasma spray welding comprises the following steps of:

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cleaning the surface of an H13 steel basal body; preparing the spray welding layer with required thickness by using mixed gas of argon and hydrogen; and controlling the overlapping amount between every two spray welding layer, wherein the obtained composite material surface layer can achieve the functions of repairing defects or strengthening the basal body; and the service life of a mould is recovered and prolonged. CN 102212771: Wenquan Wang, Baosheng Lu, Wenbiao Gong, Shiming Huang, and Qun You. Company: Jilin Univ., Faw Foundry Co. Ltd. Issued/Filed: 2012-09-26/2011-05-13.

Thermal Barrier Coatings and Bondcoats Formation of Metallic Thermal Barrier Alloys. A metallic thermal barrier coating and a method for producing the same are provided. The coating includes an iron base alloy metal wherein iron is present at 52.3-55.9 at.%, chromium at 19.022.0 at.%, molybdenum at 0.6-2.5 at.%, tungsten at 0.41.7 at.%, manganese at 0.9-2.0 at.%, carbon at 3.5-4.0 at.%, boron at 15.6-16.0 at.%, and at least 1.2 at.% silicon, wherein the metallic thermal barrier coating has a thermal conductivity equal to or less than about 10 W/m K at 400 °C. The method includes: mixing the metal alloy composition and forming a metallic thermal barrier coating using a thermal spray process, wherein the metallic thermal barrier coating has a thermal conductivity equal to or less than about 10 W/m K at 400°C. CA 2515739: Daniel J. Branagan. Company: Nanosteel Co. Issued/Filed: 2012-08-14/2004-02-11. Multielement Rare Earth Oxide Doped Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coating With Craze Crack Structure and Preparing Method Thereof. The invention discloses a method for preparing a rare earth oxide doped zirconia thermal barrier coating with a craze crack structure, which solves the problems of low thermal shock resistance property, difficult further thermal conductivity reduction and the like of the thermal coating prepared by conventional plasma spraying. Under the condition of the plasma spraying technology, the preheating temperature of a base body, the moving speed of a plasma spraying gun and a powder delivery rate are adjusted, then a rare earth oxide doped zirconia thermal barrier coating (BH-TBCO1) with a craze crack structure and stable thermodynamics is prepared. The rare earth oxide doped zirconia thermal barrier coating with a craze crack structure has good high-temperature phase stability at the temperature below 1300 °C; the thermal insulation property of the thermal barrier coating is further enhanced, and the thermal insulation temperature achieves more than 150 °C and is enhanced by more than 50% when compared with the coating prepared by the conventional plasma spraying; the thermal shock life of the coating exceeds 4000 cycles and is enhanced by more than 1 time when compared with the coating prepared by the conventional plasma spraying. CN 101723667: Shengkai Gong, Hongbo Guo, Xiaoyun Xie, Huibin Xu, and Hongju Zhang. Company: Beihang Univ. Issued/Filed: 2012-09-05/2009-11-18.

Spraying Systems and Methods Apparatus and Method for Clean, Rapidly Solidified Alloys. One non-limiting embodiment of an apparatus for forming an alloy powder or preform includes a melting assembly, an atomizing assembly, and a field generating

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assembly, and a collector. The melting assembly produces at least one of a stream of a molten alloy and a series of droplets of a molten alloy, and may be substantially free from ceramic in regions contacted by the molten alloy. The atomizing assembly generates electrons and impinges the electrons on molten alloy from the melting assembly, thereby producing molten alloy particles. The field generating assembly produces at least one of an electrostatic field and an electromagnetic field between the atomizing assembly and the collector. The molten alloy particles interact with the at least one field, which influences at least one of the acceleration, speed, and direction of the molten alloy particles. Related methods also are disclosed. US 8216339: Robin M. Forbes Jones and Richard L. Kennedy. Company: ATI Properties, Inc. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-10/200907-14. Plasma Torch. Purpose: A plasma torch is provided to extend the lifetime of a torch by constituting an air inlet and an air passage to apply air entering through the air inlet to a voltage bar. Constitution: A nozzle has a cone shaped space part which is formed inside. The nozzle reacts at an anode. A voltage bar is projected on the top of the space part. The nozzle reacts at a cathode. An arc generating part generates an electrical arc in a space part between the voltage bar and the nozzle. A reaction gas supply means supplies reaction gas to the space part. A refrigerant supply means supplies a refrigerant to the inside of the voltage bar in order to cool a high temperature state caused by plasma generation. A clean air supply means sprays high pressure clean air on an exposed space part of the voltage bar in order to eliminate foreign materials attached to the voltage bar of the arch generating part. KR 101173088: Kim Lee Gon, Chun Byung Joon, and Lee Chang Ho. Company: MAK. Issued/Filed: 2012-08-10/201102-24. Device to Feed Powder into Plasma Flow. Substance: proposed device comprises two coaxial electrodes of spark discharger arranged in encased spraying chamber. Piston with flange is aligned with said discharger. Revolving axle from current conducting material is arranged along piston axis of symmetry, spark discharger central electrode is arranged on bottom end of said axle. Shear is made on outer cylindrical surface on said electrode. It comprises also blade from dielectric material with two cutting edges arranged in plane perpendicular to rotational axis and inclined to the plate of rotation. Spark discharger second annular electrode made up of sidewalls of cup with sample and arranged on rod to vertically displace inside the case. Note here that said cup has double walls: outer wall from dielectric material and inner wall from metal with vertical slit. Effect: controlled feed rate. RU 2459308: Aleksandr P. Tagiltsev, Elena A. Tagiltseva, Jurij A. Karpov, and Vasilisa B. Baranovskaja. Company: GIREDMET AOOT. Issued/Filed: 2012-08-20/2010-10-07. Method for Feeding Particles of a Coating Material into a Thermal Spraying Process. The invention relates a method in which particles are fed to a thermal spraying process in order to form a layer on a part. In the thermal spraying process, the particles are entrained by a carrier gas flow and are deposited on a part that is to be coated. According to the invention, the particles are dispersed in a liquid or solid additive before being introduced into a supply pipe that ex-

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology

tends into the thermal spraying device, and the additive is transferred into a gaseous state in the carrier gas flow after being discharged from the supply pipe. Hence, a liquid additive evaporates while a solid additive sublimates such that the particles are individualized in the carrier gas flow. Dispersing the particles in the additive advantageously makes it easier to accurately meter the particles and prevents the particles from agglomerating, thus allowing improved layers to be deposited because the carrier gas flow is more homogeneous. Transferring the additive into a gaseous state prevents the additive from being deposited in the layer. CA 2664595: Jens D. Jensen, Ursus Krueger, Volkmar Luethen, Ralph Reiche, Oliver Stier, Jens Klingemann, and Daniel Koertvelyessy. Company: Siemens AG. Issued/Filed: 2012-08-28/2007-09-27. Method for Improving Contact Fatigue Life of Spray Coating Layer. The invention discloses a method for improving the contact fatigue life of a spraying coating layer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) optimizing spraying parameters of a work coating layer, namely calculating the spraying parameters of the work coating layer by using an orthogonal experiment; (2) preparing a Ni/Al bonding bottom layer; and (3) spraying the work coating layer by using a plasma spraying technique. The method adopts an orthogonal design namely a modern applied mathematics method to optimize the spraying parameters, and obtains an optimal parameter combination according to different properties of coating materials. The method is applied to the optimization of thermal spraying parameters of various coating layer materials. The invention provides a new process method through which a coating layer with high hardness, low porosity, good comprehensive performance and high bonding strength is obtained by optimizing a working layer and preparing an undercoat. Through experimental comparison, the new process method can significantly improve the contact fatigue life of the coating layer. CN 101713059: Chunhuan Pu, Zhongyu Piao, Guopu Wang, Haidou Wang, and Binshi Xu. Company: Armored Force Engineering Univ. Issued/Filed: 2012-09-05/2008-10-07. Method to Apply Coatings. Substance: method includes installation of a plasmatron into a chamber with lower pressure, arrangement of a substrate for coating application in a chamber, maintenance of dynamic vacuum in the chamber, supply of plasma-forming gas and powder of sprayed material into the plasmatron and spraying of material by supersonic flow of plasma in the chamber to form melted particles of powder and steam phase of the sprayed material. In front of the substrate, onto which a coating is applied, a mask with holes and links between them is installed, flow of steam phase of a sprayed substance is ensured around links, underpressure waves are developed behind the links, where the steam phase condenses to form nanoparticles, which drop onto the substrate and form a coating in the form of narrow strips made only of nanoparticles and arranged around sections of the coating provided oppositely to the mask holes from powder particles. The mask is moved relative to the applied coating, and subsequent layers of the coating are generated on the applied layer to produce a coating with a structure of several applied layers. Effect: improved working characteristics of a coating under multiple thermocyclic loads.

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology

RU 2462536: Tatjana A. Evdokimova, Mikhail N. Poljanskij, and Svetlana V. Savushkina. Company: Gosudarstvennyj Nauchnyj Tsentr Rossijskoj Federatsii. Issued/Filed: 2012-0927/2011-05-11. Method of Plasma Spraying of Wear Resistant Coating. Substance: invention relates to a technology of gas-thermal spraying, namely to plasma methods of spraying of wear-resistant coatings on parts operating under the simultaneous effect of wear and corrosive environments, and can be used in machine industry, metallurgy, power engineering and other areas of production. According to the method the dispersed ceramic powder is entered through the annular gap in air-plasma jet and its subsequent sputtering on the pretreated surface of the part. At the same time the dispersed particles of aluminium oxide Al2O3 are used, with the following ratio of fractional composition: 20-40 lm in an amount of 75-85% and less than 20 lm—the rest. Spraying is carried out at the plasmatron power within the 44-54 kW and air flow rate of 1-2 g/s. Effect: increased microhardness and wear resistance of coating. RU 2462533: Viktor I. Kuzmin, Aleksandr A. Mikhalchenko, Evgenij V. Kartaev, Natalja A. Rudenskaja, and Natalja V. Sokolova. Company: Inst. teoreticheskoj i prikladnoj mek. im. S.A. Khristianovicha. Issued/Filed: 2012-09-27/2011-04-26.

Pre- and Post-treatment Preparation Method of Heat-Resisting Steel Tube Instant Liquid Phase Diffusion Connection Interlayer Alloy. The invention provides a preparation method of heat-resisting steel tube instant liquid phase diffusion connection interlayer alloys, comprising the following steps: carrying out leveling processing on a connection interface of a heat-resisting steel tube to lead the end face of the steel tube to be straight; cleaning and deoiling the end face of the steel tube by alcohol or acetone; carrying out sand blasting and roughening treatment; preparing an NiCrFeBSi nickel-base self-fluxing property alloy interlayer at one side of the connection interface of the steel tube by a microbeam plasma spraying method; and adopting argon as a plasma gas and a powder delivery gas, wherein the process parameters are as follows: the spraying voltage is 32-38 V, the spraying current is 20-65 A, the spraying distance is 30-120 mm, the argon flow is 0.8-3.0 L/min, the deposition beam spot diameter is 3-10 mm, and the thickness of the acquired interlayer is 50-100 lm; and carrying out instant liquid phase diffusion connection. Compared with the method adopting an amorphous foil band alloy interlayer, the preparation method has simple operation and strong applicability, can save high-alloy interlayer material and is beneficial for being popularized. CN 102166687: Qinglong Yuan, Sijie Chen, Hongbao Cui, Xiaoling Deng, Wendan Ling, and Hongyan Guan. Company: Henan Polytechnic Univ. Issued/Filed: 2012-08-01/2011-01-24. Method and Device of Laser Impact and Thermal Spraying Composite Coating Preparation. A method and a device of laser impact and thermal spraying composite coating preparation relates to the nontraditional machining field. At first, the invention uses a thermal spraying device to spray powder onto the surface of a metal substrate in order to form a coating. The invention is characterized in that laser is used to impact the metal substrate surface coated with the coating and

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the coating which has low porosity, high bonding strength and compression stress is formed. The device implementing the method comprises a computer control device, a thermal spraying system, a laser impact system, a sealed treatment room, a clamping device, a five-axis workbench and a vacuum pump, which are connected in turn. The thermal spraying system comprises the thermal spraying device and sprayed powder. The laser impact system comprises a nanosecond laser generator, laser beam, a light pipe, a 45° totally reflective mirror, a facula adjusting device, a K9 glass window and an automatic spraying system. The invention can form the coating on the surface of the metal, increase the porosity of the coating, improve the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate and change the state of residual stress. CN 101760719: Jinzhong Lu, Kaiyu Luo, Guifang Sun, Chaoyang Zhang, Lei Zhang, Yongkang Zhang, and Junwei Zhong. Company: Jiangsu Univ. Issued/Filed: 2012-08-15/ 2010-02-05. Method for Preparing Thermal Barrier Coating by Laser Compound Plasma Spraying. The invention discloses a method for preparing a thermal barrier coating by laser compound plasma spraying, which relates to the field of surface coatings. The method comprises the following steps: (1) cutting a material to be treated into required size by adopting line cutting; (2) polishing the surface of the cut material by using abrasive paper; (3) cleaning the surface of the polished material by adopting pulse laser; (4) performing laser texturing treatment on the surface of the cleaned material to roughen the surface of the material; and (5) filling spraying material powder into a powder feeder, fixing the roughened material on a turntable, and preparing the thermal barrier coating by plasma spraying; or first preparing a middle adhesive layer, then repeating the cleaning and texturing processes in the steps (3) and (4), and preparing the thermal barrier coating by the plasma spraying process. The interface of the thermal barrier coating prepared by the method is firmly combined, and the thermal shock resistance and mechanical property of the thermal barrier coating are remarkably improved. The method has simple processes, is suitable for large-scale mass production, and can prepare the high-performance thermal barrier coating with firm interface combination. CN 101768714: Xiaonong Cheng, Chengyun Cui, Xigui Cui, Haibing Guan, Jinzhong Lu, Xiaoming Qian, Xiaojing Xu, and Chaoyang Zhang. Company: Jiangsu Univ. Issued/Filed: 2012-08-15/2010-02-09. Soldering Strengthening Method for Thermal Sprayed Coating on Surface of Metal Material. The invention relates to a soldering strengthening method for a thermal sprayed coating on the surface of a metal material. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, spraying a solder layer on the surface of a metal material and spraying a coating needed to be prepared on the surface of the solder layer by adopting a thermal spraying method, wherein the melting point of the solder layer is lower than a coating material and a substrate material; and then, carrying out plasma plume flow heating to the surface of the coating to melt the solder layer, welding the coating and the substrate together by the molted solder layer, and cooling to generate metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate. In the invention, the thermally sprayed coating is strengthened by using the soldering method, metallurgical

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bonding is generated between the coating and the substrate, and the bonding strength (shearing tensile strength) of the obtained thermal sprayed coating is greater than 250 MPa. CN 102127729: Xiaoping Zhou and Xinbin Hu. Company: Hubei Univ. of Technology. Issued/Filed: 2012-09-05/2011-0218. A Method for the Generation of a Functional Layer. A method for the generation of a functional layer is proposed in which, in a first step, a coating material is sprayed onto a surface of a substrate in the form of a jet of powder by means of a plasma spraying process, wherein the coating material is injected at a low process pressure which is less than 10,000 Pa into a plasma, which defocuses the jet of powder and is melted partly or completely there, wherein a plasma with adequately high specific enthalpy is produced, so that a substantial proportion, amounting to at least 5% by weight of the coating material passes over into the vapour phase and an anisotropically structured layer arises on the substrate, wherein elongate corpuscles, which form an anisotropic microstructure, are aligned standing largely perpendicular to the surface of the substrate and transition regions with little material delimit the corpuscles with respect to one another. In a second step capillary spaces of the layer are filled to strengthen the layer, with a liquid being used as a reinforcing medium, which includes at least one salt of a metal contained therein, which can be thermally converted into a metal oxide, with the reinforcing medium being applied to the surface of the layer and—after waiting for a penetration into the capillary spaces—an introduction of heat takes place for the formation of an oxide. SG 183722: Rajiv J. Damani, Arno Refke, and Konstantin von Niessen. Company: Sulzer Metco AG. Issued/Filed: 2012-0927/2008-08-14.

Feedstock Iron-Based Alloy Powder for High Strength and Toughness Laser Deposited Coating. The invention discloses iron-based alloy powder for a high strength and toughness laser deposited coating in the technical field of alloy materials. The iron-based alloy powder comprises the following components: 0.60-1.00% of C, 0.35-0.70% of Si, 0.30-0.60% of Mn, 5.00-7.00% of Cr, 2.50-4.00% of Ni, 1.50-2.50% of Mo, 1.00-1.50% of W, 0.701.00% of V, 0.20-0.40% of Ti, 0.50-0.70% of B, 0.20-0.40% of Nb, 0.10-0.30% of Ce and the balance of Fe. The iron-based laser deposited alloy coating without cracks in large area can be obtained without pre-heating and post thermal treatment, the deposited alloy coating has high hardness which reaches 62 to 67 HRC, and the yield strength reaches 1700 to 2000 MPa. CN 101974724: Jian Huang, Chengwu Yao, Zhuguo Li, and Yixiong Wu. Company: Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-18/2010-11-24. Process for Preparing Metal Powders Having Low Oxygen Content, Powders So-Produced and Uses Thereof. The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of a metal powder having a purity at least as high as the starting powder and having an oxygen content of 10 ppm or less comprising heating the metal powder containing oxygen in the form of an oxide, with the total oxygen content being from 50 to 3000 ppm, in an inert atmosphere at a pressure of from 1 bar to 10 7 to a temperature at which the oxide of the metal

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology

powder becomes thermodynamically unstable and removing the resulting oxygen via volatilization. The metal powder is preferably selected from the group consisting of tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, zirconium, titanium, vanadium, rhenium and tungsten. The invention also relates to the powders produced by the process and the use of such powders in a cold sprtantalum, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, zirconium, titanium, vanadium, rhenium and tungsten. The invention also relates to the powders produced by the process and the use of such powders in a cold spray process.. CN 101522342: Leonid N. Shekhter, Wu R.-C. Richard, Leah F. Haywiser, and Steven A. Miller. Company: H.C. Starck Inc. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-18/2007-10-03. Cored Wire for High Amorphous Content Wear-Resistant Anticorrosive Coating Layer. The invention discloses a cored wire for a high amorphous content wear-resistant anticorrosive coating layer. The cored wire consists of a powdered core and an outer skin, wherein the outer skin is a stainless steel strip, and the powdered core is obtained by mixing six types of metal alloy powder, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2-6% of B, 2-5% of Si, 3-10% of Nb, 2-5% of Cr, 2-7% of Ni, 0.5-2% of Al, and the balance of Fe. The preparation method of the cored wire comprises the following steps of: rolling the stainless steel strip into a U shape, and adding 33-42% of powder into a U-shaped groove; sealing up the U-shaped groove to enwrap the powder in the U-shaped groove; and gradually drawing and reducing the diameter through a wire-drawing die to ensure that the final diameter of the cored wire is 2.0 mm. A compact and continuous amorphous coating layer with a low oxide content and a certain shape is formed on a cooled steel substrate by adopting a high-speed electric arc spraying technique; the coating layer is compact in organization structure and high in thermal stability, the amorphous content is more than or equal to 80%, the porosity is less than or equal to 2.5%, the bonding strength is more than or equal to 50 MPa, and the average hardness is more than or equal to 1,000 HV0.1, so the cored wire can significantly improve the long-effective corrosion resistance and the wear-out life of mechanical parts. CN 102181814: Jiangbo Cheng, Zehua Wang, Zehua Zhou, Shaoqun Jiang, Gang Wang, and Jinran Lin. Company: Hehai Univ. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-25/2011-05-20. AgZnCu Alloy Powder for Hot Spraying and Preparation Method. The invention relates to AgZnCu alloy powder for hot spraying and a preparation method. The AgZnCu copperbased alloy powder is prepared by adopting a vacuum meltinginert gas atomizing method; the alloy powder comprises the following components: 10 to 30 wt.% of silver, 10 to 30 wt.% of zinc, and less than or equal to 400 ppm of oxygen; and the granularity of the alloy powder is 25 to 150 lm, and the main body granularity is in a range of 40 to 120 lm. After lowpressure plasma spraying is adopted, a coating can reach the following properties that: the bonding strength is more than or equal to 27 MPa, the hardness is less than or equal to HV0.1 125, the porosity is less than or equal to 0.5% and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 0.3 wt.%. The technical problems that the zinc component is difficultly controlled and the oxygen content exceeds the standard and the like are solved. The powder can be applied to end face sealing of air engine parts and preparation of soft-supporting low-abrasion

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology

antifriction coatings, and the adaptability of the hot spraying process and the performance indexes of the coatings are superior to those of the conventional AgCu alloy coatings. CN 102162078: Xianjing Ren, Shuting Zhang, Hui Wang, Zaiping Lu, Yuliang Tian, Chengcai Zhu, Changjiang Shi, and Jiangang Xie. Company: Beijing Gen. Res. Inst. Mining. Issued/Filed: 2012-08-29/2011-03-30. Abradable Composition and Method of Manufacture. A thermal spray powder having a first component A mechanically blended with a second component B, wherein the first component A is a metal or metal composite, preferably at least one of Ni-Cr-Al clad ABN, Ni-Cr-Al clad HBN, Ni-CrAl clad agglomerated hexagonal boron nitride powder with organic binder, Ni-Cr-Al agglomerated hexagonal boron nitride powder with inorganic binder, an MCrAlY type powder where M is at least one of Ni, Co, Fe, and wherein component B is a polymer clad with at least one of nickel, nickel alloys, nickel chrome alloys, nickel chrome aluminum alloys, nickel aluminum alloys, cobalt and cobalt alloys. The result is a thermal spray powder of four distinctly different phases making the powder a four-phase blend. SG 182251: Mitch Dorfman, Chris Dambra, Walter Pietrowicz, Scott Wilson, Daniel Garcia, Petr Fiala, Eric Kozculab, Dieter Sporer, Omar Sabouni, Montia Nestler, Eric Reents, and Gustavo Arevalo. Company: Sulzer Metco US Inc. Issued/ Filed: 2012-08-30/2011-01-25. Method for Agglomerating and Granulizing Superfine Nano WC-Co Composite Powder. The invention discloses a method for agglomerating and granulizing superfine nano WC-Co composite powder, which belongs to the technical field of metal ceramic coatings and comprises the following steps of: mixing the superfine nano WC-Co composite powder with polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and deionized water according to a certain ratio to prepare a slurry; atomizing and granulizing the slurry of the WC-Co composite powder with centrifugal atomizing drying equipment, wherein the inlet temperature of the dryer is 140-200 °C and the rotation frequency of an atomizing tray is 200-300 Hz; and performing heat treatment on the atomized and dried powder with a vacuum heat treating furnace, wherein the temperature of heat treatment is 950-1200 °C, the time for heat preservation is 1-2 h and argon is maintained in the furnace. By the method, agglomerated granules of which the average particle diameter and the granulometric distribution meet the requests of the thermal spraying technique can be obtained. The sphericility of the agglomerated granules is good, so the agglomerated granules can be used for preparing hard alloy coating with a superfine nano structure and good combination property. CN 101884892: Xiaoyan Song, Haibin Wang, Xuemei Liu, and Yang Gao. Company: Beijing Univ. of Technology. Issued/ Filed: 2012-09-05/2010-06-25. Cored Wire for Electric Arc Spraying of Amorphous and Nano-Crystalline Anti-Cavitation Coating Layer. The invention discloses a cored wire for electric arc spraying of an amorphous and nano-crystalline anti-cavitation coating layer. The cored wire is prepared from a low-carbon steel casing coated cored wire, and the powdered core is obtained by mixing four types of metal alloy powder. The cored wire is

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characterized in that the powdered core comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 2-6% of boron, 3-7% of silicon, 2-7% of phosphorus, 2-5% of nickel, and the balance of Fe. The preparation method of the cored wire comprises the following steps of: rolling a low-carbon steel strip into a U shape, and adding alloy powder which accounts for 30-40% of the total weight of cored wire into a U-shaped groove; healing up the U-shaped groove to enwrap the powder in the groove; gradually drawing and reducing the diameter through a wire-drawing die to ensure that the final diameter of the cored wire is 2.0 mm; and forming an amorphous and nanocrystalline coating layer on a cooled steel substrate by adopting a high-speed electric arc spraying technique, wherein the coating layer is compact in organization structure and high in thermal stability, the porosity is less than 3%, the amorphous content is more than or equal to 70%, the bonding strength of the coating layer is more than or equal to 45 MPa, and the average hardness is more than or equal to 1,000 HV0.1, so the cored wire can significantly improve the anti-cavitation performance of key flow passage components of hydraulic machinery. CN 102181813: Zehua Wang, Jiangbo Cheng, Zehua Zhou, Shaoqun Jiang, Gang Wang, and Jinran Lin. Company: Hehai Univ. Issued/Filed: 2012-09-26/2011-05-20. Preparation Method of Titanium Carbide-Based Cermet Powder Material for Thermal Spraying. The invention provides a preparation method of a titanium carbide-based cermet powder material for thermal spraying, which belongs to the field of powder materials for thermal spraying. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, weighting titanium powder, graphite powder/soot carbon, and other metal components in a proportion to prepare raw material powder; putting the raw material powder into a ball mill pot for ball milling, briquetting the mixture to form a block after the mixing is finished, placing in a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis reactor, igniting the block after the air in the reactor is removed so that the whole block is ignited to undergo a self-propagating reaction; starting a mechanical pump to vacuumize after the reaction is finished, and cooling reaction products to room temperature with the reactor so as to obtain a loose porous titanium carbide-based cermet block; and finally, after the cermet block is taken out, removing contaminants on the surface of the cermet block, and then crushing and screening residual products to obtain titanium carbide-based cermet powder for thermal spraying in different grain sizes. The preparation method in the invention has the characteristics of short synthesis time, energy saving, environmental protection, low price, and the like, and is suitable for industrial production. CN 102166652: Zhimeng Guo, Xiangqing Liu, Tao Lin, Fang Wen, and Xu Wu. Company: Beijing Univ. of Science & Technology. Issued/Filed: 2012-09-26/2011-03-30.

Diagnostics and characterization Device for Determining Adhesive and Cohesive Strength of Gas Thermal Coatings on Samples. Substance: device for determining the adhesive strength of gas thermal coatings, contains a substrate made in two detachable parts and a coating placed between them. One part is made is in the form of a fixture with a hole in a shape of a truncated cone and a

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cylinder of diameter D conjugate with its lesser base, the other is made in the form of a pin installed in the cylindrical part of the hole, and the cover is placed both in the conical part, and on the end working surface of the pin. At that the end of the fixture on the side of the larger diameter of the truncated cone is made conical and forms together with the surface of a truncated cone a collar of triangular profile, upon which the collar is also deposited. Height H of a truncated cone and the diameter D of the pin are selected from the condition of 2H > D, when nominal diameter of the pin and the cylinder coincide. At that the fixture is installed in the cassette through the fitting, which is mounted on the base by removable racks, located parallel to the band, in which an adjuster screw is coaxially mounted with a possibility of axial movement comprising an outer spherical surface, through which it affects the bottom surface of the pin, changing HC—the value of embedding of the working surface of a pin in a cylinder part of the fixture, fixing the position of the working surface of the pin relative to the lower (small) hole of a truncated cone of the fixture. In the case of zero embedding of the working surface of the pin, i.e., Hc = 0, the adhesive bond of coating and the substrate is determined, and at Hc > 0 the cohesive bond in longitudinal layers of the coating is determined. Moreover, in determining the cohesive bond in the coating the pin is mounted embedded into the cylindrical part, keeping the ratio of Hcan > Hc, where Hcan is the height of the coating layer in the conical part of the cage, mm; Hc is the height of the coating layer in the cylindrical part of the cage, mm. Effect: broadening the range of control of the strength of adhesive and cohesive bond in the longitudinal layers of thermal coatings, simultaneous control of several samples. RU 2456577: Suren G. Mchedlov. Company: Saratovskij GTU. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-20/2010-12-29. Method for Quantitatively Characterizing Carbide Loss in Chrome Carbide Metal Ceramic Coating Prepared by Thermal Spraying. The invention discloses a method for quantitatively characterizing carbide loss in a chrome carbide metal ceramic coating prepared by thermal spraying, and discloses a method for quantitatively characterizing the carbide loss caused by oxidation, melting and rebound in the process of preparing the chrome carbide metal ceramic coating by thermal spraying based on experiments. The method is simple and easy to implement, and can quickly, flexibly, and conveniently quantitatively characterize the carbide loss at different stages in the process of thermally spraying the chrome carbide metal ceramic coating. The method provides a research method and theoretical support for quantitatively characterizing the rule of influence of spraying technological conditions on the carbide loss in the process of forming the chrome carbide metal ceramic coating through thermal spraying, optimizing the coating structure and spraying technological parameters, and preparing the high wearresistant metal ceramic coating. CN 101979998: Gangchang Ji, Hongtao Wang, and Jieguang Song. Company: Jiujiang Univ. Issued/Filed: 2012-07-25/201009-17. Method and Device for Determining the Proportion of at Least One Aggregate of a Multi-Component Powder for Thermal Spraying. The method involves illuminating a powder injection jet before entering into a hot gas jet, and

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology

detecting the fluorescence of a polyester additive by detection optics, where the additive is provided with multiple fluorescence markers. The powder injection jet is illuminated by a coherent light source such as laser light source. The detection optics is formed as a fiber-optic cable. The detected fluorescence is evaluated by utilizing emission spectroscopy. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a method

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology

for online-process control during thermal spraying (2) a device for selective detection of an additive during thermal spraying. EP 2006409: Manuel Hertter, Andreas Jakimov, Stefan Kick, and Wolfgang Wachter. Company: MTU Aero Engines GmbH. Issued/Filed: 2012-08-01/2008-03-25.

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