NEW

BOOKS

V. A.

Romenets,

Oo V.

THE EFFICIENCY Reviewed by P. F.

OF

Yuzov,

E o K. Sivaeva,

INCREASING

STEEL

and

A.

G.

Shaleev

QUALITY*

Parasyuk

Every year numerous scientific, technical, and organizational achievements and measures to perfect technological processes and to improve the quality of steel and the economy of metal are introduced into production in the metallurgical plants of the country. In the book under review, methods to determine the economic efficiency of measures assuring the improvement of steel quality and economy of metal are considered. The book contains four sections. In the first section "Methods of Increasing Steel Quality and Economy of IV~tal in the National Economy," a technical-economic survey is given of the basic means of increasing the quality and economy of metal; the method of determining the economic efficiency of the prevailing means of increasing steel quality and decreasing metal consumption is considered in detail. Unfortunately, in this section, economic measures as a result of decreasing the consumption of interchangeable assemblies, rigging, and instruments in theproduction of ingots and rolled iron (molds, bottom plates, adapters, rollers, broaching instruments for making tubes, and others) are not discussed; the specific consumption of each per ton of liquid steel and rolled sheet at various metallurgical plants of the country differ by 10-40%. This indicates a significant unused reserve in the metal economy. The significant means which the ferrous metallurgical fac!ories use for improving steel quality gives metal economy only to the consumer. Therefore, as an example for improving steel quality during the preparation of automobile bearings, the authors considered in detail how to obtain economic efficiency in their preparation and operation. To determine the economic efficiency of increasing quality and economy of metal not all the letter symbols in Eqs. (4), (i0), and (14) were expanded. The second section "The Investigation of the Efficiency in Refining Steel in the Ladle with a Synthetic Slag" is devoted to a technical and economic analysis of the production and commercial application of various steels processed with synthetic slag. The technical-economic analysis of obtaining synthetic slag in a series of metallurgical plants in different electrical furnaces is of interest. A steel-melting furnace DS-51VIr with a furnace transformer power of 2800 k V A is used for obtaining synthetic slag, but the authors called this furnace a slag-melting furnace (pp. 54, 62, and 65). In the analysis of the operation of the electric furnaces for obtaining synthetic slag it was indicated (p. 65) that the size and power of the steel-melting furnace D S - 5 M T is 2-3 times less than other electric slag-melting furnaces. However, the index, "yearly productivity for 1000-kVA transformer," for furnace D S - 5 M T is higher than for furnaces DPSSh-2, OKB-284, and others. Consequently, it would have been necessary to consider in more detail the expediency of using the arc steel-melting furnaces released by industry to melt synthetic slag. In Chapters ]II and V of this section, results of using steels processed with synthetic slag in the aircraft, tractor, and machine-tool industries for the production of tubes and other items are thoroughly analyzed. In analyzing the decrease in scrap articles from steel 4 0 K h N M A - S S h compared with the usual steel not processed with synthetic slag, the authors used conventional symbols for the different forms of rolled scrap (Table 8, po 49). They should have named the scrap forms according to the tabulation in Table 8.

* IVietallurgiya, Moscow

Scientific-Research p. 53, July, 1976.

(1975), 280 pp. with illustrations.

Institute for Automation

of Ferrous

Metallurgy~

Translated from Metallurg,

This material is protected by copyright registered in the name o f Plenum Publishing Corporation, 227 West 1 7th Street, N e w York, N . Y . 10011. N o p a r t ] o f this publication m a y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any ,means electronic mechanical, photocopying, | microfilming, recording or otherwise, w i t h o u t written permission o f the publisher. A c o p y o f this article is available from the publisher for $ 7. 50. ]

510

It is not c l e a r f r o m the t e s t (p. 50) how the a v e r a g e stability of the drills f r o m s t e e l RIB was d e t e r m i n e d during the p r o c e s s i n g of a r t i c l e s m a d e of s t e e l s 35Kh and 35Kh-SSh. In the third section " I n v e s t i g a t i o n of the Efficiency of O u t - o f - t h e - F u r n a c e Degassing Methods for Steel" the t e c h n i c a l - e c o n o m i c a n a l y s i s of the alloyed m e t a l production using o u t - o f - t h e - f u r n a c e d e g a s s i n g is s a t i s f a c t o r i l y done. One should e s p e c i a l l y note the w e l l - p r e s e n t e d C h a p t e r IX, in which the economic efficiency of the production and the application of d e g a s s e d m e t a l in v a r i o u s b r a n c h e s of the national e c o n o m y is considered, b e c a u s e c a r b o n and alloy s t e e l s with lowered content of h a r m f u l g a s e s a r e finding eve r - w i d e r application. The section should have been s u p p l e m e n t e d with a n a n a l y s i s of t e c h n i c a l - e c o n o m i c indices for the use of deg a s s e d m e t a l in the production of c a s t a r t i c l e s f r o m c a r b o n and alloy steels~ In the fourth section 'TInvestigation of the Efficiency of Steel P o u r i n g Using E x o t h e r m i c and H e a t - I n sulating Materials ~ the t e c h n i c a l - e c o n o m i c indices f o r the production of e x o t h e r m i c m i x t u r e s and the p r e p a r a t i o n of h e a t - i n s u l a t i n g i n s e r t i o n s , the technological p e c u l a r i t i e s of bottom casting s t e e l u n d e r a slag l a y e r and with h e a t - i n s u l a t i n g i n s e r t i o n s , and an expedient combination of steel-pouring methods and t r i m m i n g rolled s h e e t a r e c o n s i d e r e d . The m a t e r i a l of this section, as in the whole book, was written on the b a s i s of data f r o m the l a r g e m e t a l l u r g i c a l plants in the country. One should m a k e s o m e c o m m e n t s about the design of the figures; in Fig~ 1 the ordinate shows time in percent, although it would have been m o r e d e s c r i p t i v e to show it in hours. In Fig. 3 three solid lines a r e shown but t h e i r content is not disclosed. In the caption of Fig. 7 the b a s i c i n s t r u m e n t is not given. This book is a valuable w o r k devoted to a c o r r e l a t i o n of m a t e r i a l s dealing with the economical efficiency of i n c r e a s i n g s t e e l quality and m e t a l economy. The book will be useful to e n g i n e e r i n g - t e c h n i c a l w o r k e r s in the m e t a l l u r g i c a l plants a s well as to u n i v e r s i t y students and w o r k e r s studying for higher training.

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