Abstracts of 43rd National Conference of Association of Clinical Biochemists of India (ACBICON 2016)

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Ind J Clin Biochem DOI 10.1007/s12291-016-0628-z

Abstracts of 43rd National Conference of Association of Clinical Biochemists of India (ACBICON 2016) Association of Clinical Biochemists of India 2016

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Ind J Clin Biochem

Plenary

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Ind J Clin Biochem

Orations OR01 Awadhesh Saran Memorial Oration Inborn errors of Metabolism; An overview and our experience

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D. M. Vasudevan General principles More than 500 inborn errors of metabolism are described. While individually rare, the incidence for inborn errors of metabolism, collectively, is about 1 in 1,000 newborns. Sir Archibald E. Garrod (1857-1936) coined the word “Inborn Errors of Metabolism” in 1909. Metabolic Pathophysiology:

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Therapeutic modalities

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Criteria for newborn screening

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OR03 KL Gupta Memorial Oration Perspectives of tumour markers in clinical oncology in the era of personalized medicine Prof. K.S.Gopinath Surgical Oncologist, HCG Hospitals Bangalore Introduction: 7XPRXUPDUNHUVDUHVXEVWDQFHVWKDWFDQEHGHWHFWHG LQ KLJKHUWKDQQRUPDODPRXQWVLQ WKHEORRG XULQHRU ERG\ WLVVXHV RIVRPHSDWLHQWVZLWKFHUWDLQW\SHVRIFDQFHU0RVWWXPRXUPDUNHUV FDQ EH HOHYDWHG LQ SDWLHQWV ZKR GR QRW KDYH D WXPRXU DQG QR WXPRXUPDUNHULVHQWLUHO\VSHFL¿FWRDSDUWLFXODUW\SHRIFDQFHU7KH FDUFLQRHPEU\RQLFDQWLJHQ&($ LVRQHRIWKH¿UVW7XPRXUPDUNHUV LGHQWL¿HGLQPDNLQJWKHGLDJQRVLVRIFRORUHFWDOFDQFHU *DVWURLQWHVWLQDO*, PDOLJQDQFLHVLQFOXGLQJSDQFUHDWLFFDQFHUVKDYH EHJXQWRULVHLQ$VLD7KHUHLVDQDODUPLQJULVHLQWKHLQFLGHQFHRI *,PDOLJQDQFLHVLQRXUFRXQWU\$FFRUGLQJWRWKH3%&5LQFLGHQFH RI FRORUHFWDO FDQFHU LQ PDOHV LV DQG >@ LQ IHPDOHV LQ %DQJDORUH7KHFRPPRQTXHVWLRQSRVHGWRWKHVXUJHRQLV±LVWKHUHD PDUNHULQWLVVXHRUVHUXPZKLFKGHWHFWVWKHSUHVHQFHRIPDOLJQDQF\ ZLWKRXWEHLQJDQLQYDVLYHSURFHGXUH":KHWKHUDEVHQFHRIWKHPDUNHU SRVWWUHDWPHQWHQVXUHV³FXUH´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±&7 Conclusion: 7KH ELRORJLFDO PDUNHUV DUH JDLQLQJ PRUH LPSRUWDQFH LQWKHPDQDJHPHQWRIYDULRXV*,PDOLJQDQFLHV7KHVHUXPPDUNHUV OLNH &($ /'+$)3 FKURPR JUDQLQ HWF DUH KHOSLQJ LQ GLDJQRVLV SURJQRVLVPRQLWRULQJRIWKHUDS\1R7XPRXUPDUNHUVDUHXVHIXOLQ VFUHHQLQJ1RSURSHUHYLGHQFHUHJDUGLQJZKHQWRGRKRZRIWHQWR GRLQYDULRXVPDOLJQDQFLHV7KHJHQHWLFPDUNHUVKDYHUHPDLQHGDQ LQYHVWLJDWLYHPHWKRGRORJ\IRUVFUHHQLQJGLDJQRVLVSURJQRVLV7KLV KDVEHHQYHU\XVHIXOLQKLJKULVNJURXSKHUHGLWDU\FDQFHUVV\QGURPH OLNH+13&&

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OR04 G P Talwar Oration Human Surfactant Protein D: A ray of hope against HIV Taruna Madan National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Innate Immunity, Mumbai

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Ind J Clin Biochem

Guest Speaker

GS01 Mass Spectrometry (LCMS/MS): Next generation diagnostic tool for clinical application Abha Gupta Senior Consultant and Head, Department of Biochemistry (Lab Services), Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi

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n the clinical chemistry laboratories the advances have been evolutionary but not revolutionary in nature. The recent advances in technology has made it possible to make revolutionary changes. Introduction of Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LCMS/MS) into clinical laboratories is a revolutionary step. Mass spectrometry is a powerful qualitative and quantitative analytical technique to measure a wide range of clinically relevant analytes. If coupled with gas or liquid chromatography, has expanded analytical capabilities and wider clinical applications. It is an analytical technique that combines physical separation of the mixture of compounds by liquid chromatography. The analyte is ionized by high volatage & the ionized molecules resonates through mass analyzers WULSOH TXDGUDSROH ZKLFK LV XQGHU WKH HOHFWURPDJQHWLF ¿HOG 7KH ionized molecule is fragmented to get product/daughter ions. These GDXJWHULRQDUHVSHFL¿FDOO\GHWHFWHG TXDQWL¿HG7KHDQDO\WHRI interest is measured by its molecular mass & its product/daughter ions. In the mass analyzer the unwanted analytes are neutralized. Hence more precise & accurate measurement could be achieved. 7KLVFXWWLQJHGJHWHFKQRORJ\HQDEOHVVLPXOWDQHRXVTXDQWL¿FDWLRQRI various analytes with decreased cost. As compared to immunoassay WHFKQLTXHV LWV PRUH VHQVLWLYH DQG VSHFL¿F DV LW GRHV QRW KDYH DQ\ cross reactivity with other analytes. HPLC-MS/MS s gradually been applied in clinical services for TDM’ps, In born errors of metabolism, ultra sensitive steroid testing, Toxicology, Vitamin D metabolites, QHZELRPDUNHUGHYHORSPHQWDQGSURWHRPLFV:HDUHWKH¿UVWRQHVLQ India to validate a few methods at our centre such as Rapamycin and Busulfan estimation.

caused by the existence of cancer stem cells (CSC). These are minor population of cells within the tumor that is said to drive the growth of the entire tumor. Evidence supporting this hypothesis has gained momentum due to the recent advances in stem cell biology. There is an urgent need for the development of potent anti-CSC agents from natural sources. Piper nigrum (Black pepper) “The King of spices” derived from the fruit of a climbing vine native to southern India KDVVKRZQWRVLJQL¿FDQWO\HQKDQFHWKHF\WRWR[LFDFWLYLW\RIQDWXUDO killer cells, indicating their potential anti-cancer effects. In my talk, I present the data generated from our research laboratory supporting the fact that the phytochemicals present in Piper nigrum may be used to target the cancer stem cells.

GS03 “Together for Tomorrow” True acute coronary syndromes; but still a dream in diabetes? Ashok Chandra Rao Associate professor of Medicine, SUT Medical College, Vattappara, Trivandrum

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ocused, collaborative research, has dramatically changed WKH GH¿QLWLRQ GLDJQRVLV DQG PDQDJHPHQW RI DFXWH FRURQDU\ syndromes. Collaborative work, has resulted in changing even WKH YHU\ GH¿QLWLRQ RI P\RFDUGLDO LQIDUFWLRQ 3HUKDSV ZLWK UHVSHFW to acute coronary syndromes, one could say that “Together for Tomorrow” is already a reality. However, the story of diabetes in India is very different. Diabetes PHOOLWXV DIIHFWV QHDUO\ RI ,QGLDQV DERYH \HDUV 6LJQL¿FDQW proportion of diabetics in India do not achieve glycemic goals. Unchecked, we are likely to see large increases in the complications of diabetes mellitus in the very near future. Major, large scale improvements are urgently required if an epidemic of the complications of diabetes are to be prevented. For preventing complications of diabetes, the need of the hour is to work together for Tomorrow.

GS02

GS04

Can the phytochemicals present in Indian spices be an alternative tool to target the Cancer stem cells in solid tumors?

Cardiac biomarkers in acute coronary syndrome

Akila Prashant JSS Medical College University, Mysore, Karnataka, India

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ancer is one of the major causes of human death worldwide. The vast majority of cancer patients suffer from solid tumours whose growth destroys vital organs. Scientists have made great efforts in understanding the molecular and cellular changes that cause FDQFHUEXWWKHDSSURYDORIQHZWKHUDSHXWLFVWKDWFDQVSHFL¿FDOO\NLOO cancer cells has lagged behind. This gap suggests that there must be critical bottlenecks impeding the process of turning a basic research GLVFRYHU\LQWRD¿QLVKHGDQWLFDQFHUGUXJ5HVHDUFKRYHUWKHSDVWIHZ decades has given rise to the idea that one of these bottlenecks may be

Chandrika Meegama Head, Department of Chemical Pathology, NHSL, Colombo, Srilanka.

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n 2001, a National Institutes of Health (NIH) working group VWDQGDUGL]HGWKHGH¿QLWLRQRIDELRPDUNHUDV³DFKDUDFWHULVWLFWKDW LV REMHFWLYHO\ PHDVXUHG DQG TXDQWL¿HG DV DQ LQGLFDWRU RI QRUPDO biological processes, pathogenic processes,or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention” Cardiac biomarkers play a pivotal role in the diagnosis, risk VWUDWL¿FDWLRQDQGWUHDWPHQWRISDWLHQWVZLWKFKHVWSDLQDQGVXVSHFWHG acute coronary syndrome. Cardiac biomarkers are central to the new GH¿QLWLRQRIDFXWHP\RFDUGLDOLQIDUFWLRQSXWIRUZDUGE\WKH$PHULFDQ College of Cardiology and the European Society of Cardiology.

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In the past, several cardiac markers namely, CK, CK-MB, CKMB isoforms, troponins myoglobin were used in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease However, due to lack of VHQVLWLYLW\DQGVSHFL¿FLW\IRUFDUGLDFPXVFOHQHFURVLVIXHOVFRQWLQXHG UHVHDUFK7KHODVWGHFDGHKDVVHHQH[FLWLQJDGYDQFHVLQWKH¿HOGRI cardiac biomarkers used in managing patients with acute coronary syndrome. Biomarker research has broadened our knowledge base, shedding more light on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms occurring in patients. The criterion required by an ideal cardiovascular biomarker has been progressively changing to an era of sensitive assays that can be used to guide treatment. Recent technological advances have made it possible to rapidly measure even minute amounts of these proteins by means of higher sensitivity assays. At present, troponins are the biochemical “gold standard” for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction via consensus of ESC/ACC. Recent multicentric studies have shown that high sensitive troponin assays improve the early diagnosis of AMI. The sensitivity of current SRLQWRI ±FDUH DVVD\V FRXSOHG ZLWK WKH EHQH¿W RI UDSLG WXUQDURXQG time make the POC assays attractive clinical tools in the Emergency departments. Although there are many emerging cardiac markers such as B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), 0\HORSHUR[LGDVH032 ,VFKDHPLD PRGL¿HG DOEXPLQ ,0$ PRVW of them need further studies for increasing diagnostic sensitivity and VSHFL¿FLW\DQGRQLPSURYLQJSURJQRVWLFFDSDELOLW\RIDFXWHFRURQDU\ syndrome.

GS05 The signs and science of wellness: lessons from India’s ancient systems of health and wellness informing the future Madan Thangavelu Trustee, Research Council for Complementary Medicine, UK

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an is a metaorganism. Man’s health and wellbeing is shaped by complex and dynamic interactions within and without Man’s body. Despite the complexity of basic biochemical and physiological processes, dominant and recurring themes in all cultures of the world are descriptions of the sense of feeling well and a wish for a state beyond good health. India’s ancient texts offer graphic descriptions of this state as well as prescriptions of how to achieve and maintain this state and steps to prevent the deterioration of this state. India’s ancient system offer comprehensive well-documented procedures and a holistic logic for this state of wellness. Are these and other rules which have guided many and offered health beyond good health for centuries also valid for contemporary living now and for the future? What might these indicators look like when viewed through the eyes of contemporary clinical biochemical and molecular descriptors?

Advances in biochemistry over the last century, particularly the ODVW¿YHGHFDGHVKDYHVHHQWKHELUWKDQGJURZWKRIWHFKQLTXHVDQG technologies with resolution that far exceeds what was previously LPDJLQDEOH6XFKWHFKQRORJLHVDUHHQDEOLQJ¿QHUPRUHVHQVLWLYHDQG correlated analyses of innumerable biomolecules.

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By drawing on a small number of examples from contemporary VFLHQWL¿F UHVHDUFK OLWHUDWXUH IURP DUHDV RI VOHHS DQG KHDOWK IRRG the human microbiome and chronic diseases (obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, multiple sclerosis), seasons and changes in the human immune system, aging- related changes - I will show how observations in contemporary science are entirely consistent with assertions in the ancient Indian texts about wellness and achieving, maintaining and improving this state. I will argue that the lessons IURPWKHKLJKO\UH¿QHG¿OWHUHGDQGWLPHWHVWHGFODVVLFDONQRZOHGJH embodied in India’s ancient system of health and wellness not only inform the future but offers the best template for the developing the much needed new Science of Wellness.

GS06 ,GHQWL¿FDWLRQDQGFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRIELRPDUNHUDQG therapeutic target for triple negative breast cancer Praveen Kumar Shetty Research Co-ordinator/ Professor, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad, India

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reast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide, ranging >1.6% deaths. Breast cancer risk in India is 1 in 28 women during her life time. Rapid advances in breast cancer UHVHDUFK LQ ODVW GHFDGH KDYH LGHQWL¿HG HUE% +HU (VWURJHQ receptor (ER) and Progesterone receptor (PR) as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, which considerably decreased the mortality rate LQWKHVHJURXSRIZRPHQ7KHUHDUHQRVSHFL¿FUHJLPHQVRUWDUJHWHG therapies for basal triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) except chemotherapy. These tumors are highly destructive and the majority RIGHDWKVRFFXULQWKH¿UVW\HDUV7KHELRORJ\DQGWKHPROHFXODU mechanisms which drive the growth and metastasis of Her-2 negative breast cancer are still unknown. In this respect our recent study reported the over-expression of Annexin A2 and Annexin A2 mediated EGFR downstream signaling in the progression of TNBC. 2XUJURXSDOVRYHUL¿HGWKHHI¿FDF\RI$QQH[LQ$DQWLERG\DVWKH therapeutic molecule using TNBC cell lines. We provide evidence in the current study that AnxA2 and its downstream molecules like HB-EGF and IL-6 are co-expressed in Her-2 negative breast cancer cells and AnxA2 is the upstream of this autocrine pathway. Screening of soluble AnxA2 in serum shows that abundant AnxA2 is secreted in Her-2 negative breast cancer compared to normal and Her-2 positive phenotypes. HB-EGF secretory pattern follows WKDW RI $Q[$ DQG VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH ZDV REVHUYHG EHWZHHQ WKHYDULRXVJURXSVZKHUHDV,/VHFUHWRU\OHYHOZDVQRWVLJQL¿FDQW between Her-2 negative and Her-2 positive phenotypes. This study UHSRUWV D VLJQL¿FDQW ¿QGLQJ RI FRH[SUHVVLRQ RI JDODFWRVLGDVH carrying glycoprotein AnxA2 and its interacting lectin galectin-3. Similar expression pattern and membrane co-localization of these two proteins made us to hypothesize in the current study that galectin-3 and AnxA2 interaction is critical for Her-2 negative breast FDQFHU SURJUHVVLRQ %\ YDULRXV H[SHULPHQWDO DQDO\VHV ZH FRQ¿UP that glycosylated AnxA2 at the membrane surface interacts with Galectin-3. N-linked glycosylation inhibitor convincingly blocked AnxA2 membrane translocation and its association with Galectin-3.

Ind J Clin Biochem

To analyses whether this interaction has any functional relevance, ZH WULHG WR GLVVRFLDWH WKLV LQWHUDFWLRQ ZLWK SXUL¿HG SODQW OHFWLQ 7KLV KLJKO\ VSHFL¿F FRGD SODQW OHFWLQV FRXOG GLVVRFLDWH$Q[$ from endogenous lectin Galectin-3 interaction at the cell surface. This dissociation could down-regulate Bcl-2 family proteins, cell proliferation and migration simultaneously triggering cell apoptosis. Targeting this interaction of membrane surface glycoprotein and its animal lectin in Her-2 negative breast cancer may be of therapeutic value.

GS07 &OLQLFDOVLJQL¿FDQFHRIDGHQRVLQHGHDPLQDVHDFWLYLW\ during HD-MTX treatment in all patients 5DMDPDQLFNDP$ULYD]KDJDQ Clinical Biochemistry Department, Cancer institute, Adayar, Chennai Aim: Methotrexate is an anti-metabolite used in the treatment of certain neoplastic diseases. It interferes with DNA synthesis, repair and cellular replication by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductases. High dose MTX (HDMTX) with Leucovorin (LV) rescue has demonstrated activity in a variety of tumors and is routinely used in the treatment for childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia $// $GHQRVLQH 'HDPLQDVH (& LV DQ HVVHQWLDO PHWDOOR enzyme of purine recycling or salvage pathway. It catalyses irreversible hydrolytic deamination of Adenosine to Inosine and Ammonia. An increase in serum ADA activity has been described in several diseases, including blood cancer, but the available datas are very less. In this study, we have estimated the ADA activity before DQGDIWHU+'07;DGPLQLVWUDWLRQWRHYDOXDWHWKHVLJQL¿FDQFHRIWKLV enzyme. Materials and methods: SDWLHQWVZLWKLQWKHDJHJURXSEHWZHHQ ± \HDUV ZLWK FRQ¿UPHG $// ZHUH LQFOXGHG LQ WKLV VWXG\ HDMTX treatment schedule was four cycles at two weeks’ intervals RIJPVTP%ORRGVDPSOHVZHUHFROOHFWHGIURPWKHVHSDWLHQWV admitted in the Pediatric ward of our Cancer Institute before and 72 KUV DIWHU WKH ¿QDO FRXUVH RI WKH WUHDWPHQW DQG VHUD ZHUH VHSDUDWHG after centrifuge. ADA levels were measured on the same day by the colorimetric method described by Galati and Guisti. MTX level was measured with Syva Emit MTX assay kit, by a Homogeneous enzyme immunoassay technique in the post treated blood samples DORQH LQ %$ IXOO\ DXWRPDWHG ELRFKHPLVWU\ DQDO\]HU 6WDWLVWLFDO DQDO\VLVZDVGRQHXVLQJ6WXGHQWµW¶WHVWFRUUHODWLRQFRHI¿FLHQWZDV determined between before and after treatment samples. Results and discussion: The MTX concentration in patients sera ZHUHUHWXUQHGWRQRUPDOOHYHOPLFURPRO/DVGHVFULEHGE\WKH manufacturer) with Leucovorin administration in all the study group patients after 72 hrs. The serum ADA activity in the study group EHIRUHWUHDWPHQWLVVLJQL¿FDQWO\HOHYDWHGWKDQWKHSRVWWUHDWHGVDPSOH 7KHSUHWUHDWHGVDPSOHVPHDQYDOXHZDV8/S DQGSRVWWUHDWHGVDPSOHVPHDQYDOXHZDV8/S 1R VLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHZDVREVHUYHGLQPHDQVHUXP$'$DFWLYLW\LQ different sex and age groups among these patients.

Conclusion : Several authors reported good diagnostic potential of Serum ADA estimations in different types of diseases like tuberculosis, viral infections and certain malignancies. Our data also VKRZV YHU\ KLJK VHQVLWLYLW\ DQG VSHFL¿FLW\ RI$'$ DFWLYLW\ GXULQJ HD-MTX therapy. The measurement of ADA activity can be used as a marker to monitor the toxicity with high risk patients.

GS08 Importance of deriving ethnic reference ranges in an Indian population - a clinician’s perspective with respect to plasma insulin reference intervals. Shilpa Puthran a, Duru Shah b a MSD Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai. b Gynecworld - the Center for Women’s Health and Assisted Reproduction, Mumbai.

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aboratory medicine is all about various test results. However, VXFKUHVXOWVLQLVRODWLRQKDYHOLPLWHGVLJQL¿FDQFHLQWKHDEVHQFH of appropriate reference intervals & clinical decision limits. As dependency on laboratory results continue to increase for diagnosis & medico-legal aspects, clinicians are increasingly beginning to question the appropriateness of historical reference ranges derived from non-Indian cohorts which have not been validated in an Indian setting. Additionally, regulatory initiatives in the last two decades E\ WKH (XURSHDQ 'LUHFWLYH DQG ,62 VWDQGDUGV KDYH PDGH LW mandatory for diagnostic kit manufacturers to supply their clients with appropriate reference intervals for use with their assay platforms and reagents & also for clinical laboratories seeking accreditation to periodically re-evaluate their in-house reference intervals. Due to this a lot of academic interest is now being focused on deriving ethnicity VSHFL¿FUHIHUHQFHUDQJHV $ WKHRU\ RI UHIHUHQFH YDOXHV WKDW SURYLGHV GH¿QLWLRQV SULQFLSOHV and procedures for the determination and use of reference intervals was developed by the Expert Panel on Theory of Reference Values (EPTRV) of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) and the Standing Committee on Reference Values of the International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH). The C28-A3 guideline published by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and IFCC is still the most widely used source of reference in this area. Discussion will be centered on the method by which reference limits for insulin levels were derived in a normoglycemic healthy Indian cohort based on guidance developed by the CLSI , along with clinical implications of such derived vs. historical insulin reference intervals with respect to various diagnostic parameters in patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).

The IFCC’s committee on Reference Intervals & Decision Limits (C-RIDL) has spearheaded a number of initiatives towards harmonization of reference ranges in recent years. Most prominent amongst these are publication of protocols & standard operating procedures for common use in multicentric studies on reference values, the Asian project for collaborative derivation of reference intervals for standardized & non-standardized analytes and the global multicentric study on reference values. Though all of this work is path breaking & has already laid the foundation for a multi-stakeholder collaboration, thought also needs to be given to the scope of building open databases/registries in order to enable more number of diagnostic laboratories & clinicians to participate in this initiative.

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GS09 Current perspective of growth differentiation factor15 in changing of lifestyle diseases: an approach for translational research Shyam Prakash Department of Laboratory Medicine, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi

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URZWK GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ IDFWRU *') LV D FOXVWHU RI interconnected, multifactorial metabolic abnormalities that increases the risk of disease condition. Oxygen plays an important role in metabolic management and acts like double-edged sword. Trends are alarming toward various metabolic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, stroke, early menopause, depression, CVD, musculoskeletal GLVRUGHUV LQÀDPPDWLRQ &23' 1$)/' HWF 7R XQGHUVWDQG WKH *')DVVRFLDWLRQEHWZHHQPHWDEROLFFRPSRQHQWVDQGDQWLR[LGDQWV relationship in changing of lifestyle diseases?. Insulin resistance alters the level of glucose; lipid or methyl glyoxal i.e. increased the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and VXEVHTXHQWO\UHOHDVHVWKHF\WRNLQHV*')SOD\VDSLYRWDOUROHDQG responsible for endothelial dysfunction, dysregulation of calcium channel and ultimately leads to hypertension, fatty liver, diabetes, coronary vascular disease. Similarly, iron mediated oxidative stress generates reactive oxygen species in a cascade manner via the lipid radicals and activates to oxidize the LDL which allows recruiting more foam cells that damages the endothelial wall for atherosclerotic lesion. Evidence suggest that various biomarkers such as adipokines, Insulin 5HVLVWDQFH%0,SURLQÀDPPDWRU\DQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\F\WRNLQH endotoxins, AGEs, oxidants stress index, genetic polymorphism such as SNPs, mitochondrial dysfunction etc requires to manage reactive oxygen species via suppression of Nrf2 gene, omega 3 fatty acids, reduction of dietary fructose and probiotic. Changes in lifestyle DQGVRPHGUXJWUHDWPHQWVIRUPHWDEROLFGLVHDVHV*')PD\EH a novel tool to discover therapies against diabetes and metabolic syndrome including non alcoholic fatty liver disease in population. Omics era helps to understand the metabolic pathogenesis and also for designing of DNA based personalized nutrition. Thus, the quality of life can be improved.

GS10 The criteria of equipment acceptance testing Shyamali Pal JMD Diagnostics Pvt Ltd Kolkata Aims and objectives: Equipment acceptance is a type of user acceptance measurement with respect to the requirements that was DJUHHG XSRQ DV SHU ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6WDQGDUG XQGHU FODXVH 7KHUH should be a uniformity in the process of user acceptance so that all the ODERUDWRULHVDFFUHGLWHGDVSLULQJIRUDFFUHGLWDWLRQPD\XVHWKHEHQH¿W of such format and complication during audit may be prevented. Materials and methods: The newly installed instrument need to VDWLVI\IROORZLQJTXDOL¿FDWLRQV

,QVWDOODWLRQ 4XDOL¿FDWLRQV 7R EH SHUIRUPHG DQG FHUWL¿HG E\ the service engineers of the manufacturer. The installation

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TXDOL¿FDWLRQV QHHG SURSHU VSDFH QR HOHFWULFDO PHFKDQLFDO electromagnetic, vibrational interference, proper room temperature, light, ventilation etc. 2SHUDWLRQDO 4XDOL¿FDWLRQV 7KH $SSOLFDWLRQ 6SHFLDOLVW RI WKH PDQXIDFWXUHUFHUWL¿HVWKHODERUDWRU\ZRUNHUVDERXWWKHLUVNLOO RSHUDWLRQDOHI¿FLHQF\ 3HUIRUPDQFH4XDOL¿FDWLRQV7KLVSDUWQHHGVDXQLTXHDFFHSWDEOH format. It has to be supervised by the Laboratory Head/Quality Manager. It involves satisfactory precision, accuracy and comparability of results with the previous system. Results and discussion:

Precision check: :LWKLQ EHWZHHQEDWFKSUHFLVLRQ 2QHPRQWK,4&FKHFN &RPSDULVRQ RI DW OHDVW WKUHH DQDO\WHV SUHYLRXV DQG SUHVHQW system data. Accuracy check: 3UR¿FLHQF\WHVWLQJUHVXOWRIFXUUHQWPRQWK%LDVRI]VFRUHVRI previous and present system may be evaluated. Calculations: Precision check: CV%, bias, mean bias, sigma calculations.

GS11 Pathology data mining Tony Badrick Chief Executive, The Royal College of Pathologists of Australia Quality of Assurance Programs

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he interpretation of pathology tests, particularly those involved with screening, is complex and relies on an understanding of the GLDJQRVWLFVHQVLWLYLW\DQGVSHFL¿FLW\RIWKHWHVWDQGWKHSUHYDOHQFH of diseases that the test can predict in the community. Tests become more predictive if the pretest probability for disease can be improved. 7KLVFRXOGEHDFKLHYHGE\EHWWHUKLVWRU\PRUHVSHFL¿FWHVWVRUE\D better understanding of the interrelationships, if they exist, between the routine tests which may be used at the screening episode. Some of these interrelationships are well known, for example urea and creatinine, AST and ALT. These tests together reinforce the presence of a possible disease state whilst each can provide some additional information about that disease. Finding more subtle relationships amongst routine tests requires more machine-learning elaborate techniques including recursive partitioning based decision models and decision tree machine learning. Recursive partitioning based decision models have been applied to medical knowledge domains, and decision tree machine learning provides advantages of applicability to Gaussian or non-Gaussian data regardless of distribution, as well as multiple decision boundaries. Support vector machines (SVM) provide a very powerful FODVVL¿FDWLRQ DQG UHJUHVVLRQ SDWWHUQ UHFRJQLWLRQ WRRO ,Q WKLV WDON we will explore some of the tools, their application to pathology databases and the issues that limit the application of these tools to routine pathology data. We will illustrate some of these techniques using some data obtained from routine pathology testing including investigating anemia, renal disease, and liver disease. We are also looking at detecting poor performance in laboratories using data

Ind J Clin Biochem

GS12

GS13

Epistasis in dementia and depression

Screening of elevated blood lead levels – a tertiary hospital report

A. K. Mukhopadhyay Head, Department of Laboratory Medicine, AIIMS New Delhi, India

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nteraction between two genes situated distance apart on different chromosomes to effect phenotypical changes of a disease in the subjects is known as Epistasis. The phenomenon has been reported in a number of diseases. The objective of this study was to see whether this phenomenon alters the odds ratio of having or not having the disease like Dementia in elderly and Depression in adolescent. With strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 80 patients of Alzheimer GLVHDVH$' DQGFDVHVRI9DVFXODUGHPHQWLD9D' UHFUXLWHGIURP cognitive disorder clinic of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, along with hundred twenty age-, and gender-matched healthy controls PRVWO\DWWHQGDQWRIWKHSDWLHQWV6LPLODUO\DGROHVFHQWGHSUHVVLRQ patients were recruited from child guidance clinic and walk-in-clinic of department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, along with sixty gender-, and age-matched healthy controls from nearby school children. Standard method for polymorphism study was adopted. In cases of GHPHQWLDSRO\PRUSKLVPRI¿YHJHQHVQDPHO\$SR(JHQHV07+)5 &7 07+)5$& ,/ *& DQG 321 JHQHV ZHUH studied. In cases of adolescent depression patients, polymorphism RI%'1)9DO0HWUV$$$* JHQHVDQG+77/35OV s/s) genes were studied. The phenomenon of epistasis was analyzed by multinomial logistic regression taking the absence of both wild genotypes as reference. ,Q 'HPHQWLD FDVHV LW ZDV REVHUYHG WKDW VSHFL¿F FRPELQDWLRQ RI SUHVHQFHRUDEVHQFH RI07+)5DQG,/JHQHV07+)5 DQG,/JHQHV321UVDQG$SR(¼JHQHV321 UVDQG$SR(¼JHQHVVLJQL¿FDQWO\DOWHUWKHRGGVUDWLRRIKDYLQJ AD, VaD or both. No epistatic interaction was observed between 07+)5 DQG 07+)5 JHQHV ,Q DGROHVFHQW 'HSUHVVLRQ FDVHVZKHQPHWFDUULHUVRI%'1)YDOPHWPHWPHWYDOPHW ZHUHDEVHQWEXWWKHVKRUWDOOHOLFFDUULHUVOVDQGVV RI+77/35 were present in combination, the odd ratio of having depression increased 3.2 times with probability value of 0.038. The genes ApoE and PON1 are on different chromosomes FKURPRVRPHDQGFKURPRVRPHUHVSHFWLYHO\ DQG07+)5DQG ,/ JHQHV DUH DOVR RQ GLIIHUHQW FKURPRVRPHV FKURPRVRPH and chromosome 7 respectively). The human BDNF gene is located RQFKURPRVRPHZKLOH+77/35LVORFDWHGRQFKURPRVRPH,W is of great concern how the genes, which are at such a distance apart, LQWHUDFWZLWKHDFKRWKHUWRLQÀXHQFHWKHSKHQRW\SLFRXWFRPHLQIRUP of AD/VaD or Depression. 7KHVH ¿QGLQJV RQ JHQHJHQH LQWHUDFWLRQ LQ ,QGLDQ SRSXODWLRQ RI Dementia and Adolescent depression attending a tertiary care hospital are stimulus for (i) further investigating its mechanism and for (ii) understanding the pathogenetic mechanism, particularly the UROHRIDORZJUDGHFKURQLFQHXURLQÀDPPDWLRQLQFDVHVRIGHPHQWLD and the relationship between neurotropin hypothesis and serotonin hypothesis in case of depression.

Anjali Manocha Dept of Biochemistry, Sir Ganga Ram hospital, New Delhi, India

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ead is a naturally occurring toxic metal whose widespread use has resulted in extensive environmental contamination and KXPDQH[SRVXUH,WKDVEHFRPHDVLJQL¿FDQWSXEOLFKHDOWKSUREOHP DQG DFFRUGLQJ WR :+2 HVWLPDWHV DFFRXQWV IRU RI LGLRSDWKLF LQWHOOHFWXDOGLVDELOLW\RILVFKDHPLFKHDUWGLVHDVHDQGRIWKH global burden of stroke. Lead is distributed to the brain, liver, kidney and bones and accumulates in teeth and bone.There is no known safe level of lead exposure. Since toxicity of lead often occurs with no obvious symptoms, it frequently goes unrecognized. Lead testing in a tertiary hospital assumes importance due to the presence of multispeciality departments and patients from different economic backgrounds and ethnic regions of India and South East Asia.The department is involved in various projects, one of which screens lead levels of children from different areas of the city, based on their consumption RIWDSRU¿OWHUHGZDWHU,QDQRWKHUSURMHFWWKHDVVRFLDWLRQRIEORRG lead levels with the biochemical markers of bone formation are being studied in peri and post-menopausal women.Since mobilization of lead from bone to blood occurs during menopause, this coupled with environmental exposure, predisposes already vulnerable women in this age group to the health hazards of lead toxicity.Hence, early LGHQWL¿FDWLRQRI OHDGH[SRVXUHZLOOVLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHWKHVHULRXV and permanent adverse health effects associated with it. This will bring us closer to our mission of a Lead Free India.

GS14 Novel therapies to treat depression-induced cognitive GH¿FLWV B S Shankaranarayana Rao Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.

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ajor depression is a chronic psychiatric disease and is associated ZLWK VLJQL¿FDQW PRUELGLW\ DQG VHYHUHO\ DIIHFWV FRJQLWLYH capabilities and executive functions. Severe depression compromises structural and functional integrity of the brain leading to cognitive GH¿FLWV7KHSUHFLVHPHFKDQLVPVXQGHUO\LQJFRJQLWLYHG\VIXQFWLRQV in depression remain largely unknown. We have demonstrated that depression causes impairments in spatial learning, alters the levels of monoamines and their metabolites and suppresses hippocampal longterm potentiation (LTP) and enhances anxiety-like behaviours. The FRJQLWLYHGH¿FLWVDOWHUHGV\QDSWLFSODVWLFLW\DQGQHXURWUDQVPLVVLRQ are associated with hippocampal atrophy and amygdalar hypertrophy. 7KHVHGH¿FLWVZHUHUHYHUVHGDIWHUFKURQLFWUHDWPHQWZLWKKLJKGRVHV RI665,HVFLWDORSUDPRU615,UHER[HWLQH7KH¿UVWOLQHRIWUHDWPHQW in depressive illness is antidepressant drugs and is associated with several side effects, poor response and recurrence. Therefore, it has become increasingly necessary to develop more effective strategies

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to treat and manage depressive disorders. Accordingly, we have DWWHPSWHG WR XQGHUVWDQG GHSUHVVLRQLQGXFHG FRJQLWLYH GH¿FLWV anxiety and the effect of exposure to environmental enrichment (EE), or the combination of short duration EE with sub-effective GRVHV RI HVFLWDORSUDP RU UHER[HWLQH RQ GHSUHVVLRQLQGXFHG GH¿FLWV as novel antidepressant therapy. In depressive rats subjected to concomitant escitalopram / reboxetine - EE treatment, resulted in complete behavioral recovery and improved spatial learning along with a complete restoration of dentate gyrus and amygdalar volumes and restored hippocampal LTP. Thus, positive environmental stimuli even relatively for short term exposure can potentiate the effect of sub-effective doses of antidepressants in alleviating depression LQGXFHG GH¿FLWV7KHVH VWUDWHJLHV ZLOO EH XVHG WR GHYHORS HIIHFWLYH antidepressant therapies that are free from side effects and reduce recurrence of depressive episodes and associated disorders. Keywords: Endogenous depression, neurodegeneration, Learning DQG PHPRU\ GH¿FLWV HQULFKHG HQYLURQPHQW DQWLGHSUHVVDQWV hippocampal synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, anxiety, hippocampal and amygdalar volumes, major depressive disorders Acknowledgements: $XWKRUV DFNQRZOHGJH ¿QDQFLDO VXSSRUW IURP UGC, CSIR, DST, DBT and NIMHANS

GS15 Molecular basis of the preventive effect of amla ((PEOLFD RI¿FLQDOLV) on metabolic derangements in an experimental model of postmenopausal metabolic syndrome Bobby Zachariah JIPMER, Pondicherry, India Objectives: Increased fructose consumption worsens the already raised cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women. This study explored the potential mechanisms by which amla reduced hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia and prevented fatty liver in fructose fed postmenopausal rats. Methods: Sham operated and ovariectomized rats were put on either chow or high fructose diet. They were further divided into groups with or without amla. After 18 weeks of treatment, the livers were harvested and subjected to western blot and histological analyses. Results: Fructose fed rats developed fatty liver and amla prevented this. Amla increased the protein expression of liver farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and liver X receptor (LXR), key proteins involved in lipid metabolism. In fructose group, amla produced an exceptional rise in LXR and Insulin induced gene-2 (Insig-2) which prevented the maturation of Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1(SREBP-1) and Steroyl CoA desaturase 1responsible for triglyceride synthesis. Amla also increased the protein expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 involved in high density lipoprotein (HDL) synthesis as well as low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor responsible for uptake of LDL cholesterol. Besides this amla increased the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ? (PPAR ?) involved in ? oxidation of fatty acids. Conclusions: Amla was highly effective in preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an independent risk factor for CHD in postmenopausal rats. The property of amla to modulate some of the key proteins involved in lipid metabolism promises its usefulness as a preventive agent for dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis.

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GS16 Strategies for implementation of nation wide newborn screening program in India Kannan Vaidyanathan Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India

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ass newborn screening is practiced in most Western countries using tandem mass spectrometry. It is done for common disorders detected in their population like phenylketonuria, maple syrup urine disease, organic acidurias, galactosemic, hyperhomocystenimia etc. In India, prevalence of inborn errors of metabolism is very high. There is high morbidity and mortality necessitating urgent steps for control. Inherited diseases can be controlled only if they are detected at an early stage and by counseling, including family prenatal counseling. Even now, in India there is no government sponsored program for newborn screening, even though many centers are performing out of their own interest and a few states are also performing. The major limiting factor is cost. There is no need to perform tandem mass spectrometry in our country. Our studies suggest that urine screening tests can be used, and implemented as a preliminary tool for mass screening programs. Babies detected to have abnormalities can be followed up by advanced testing, if necessary, free of charges, at advanced centers. Educating the families about the importance of detecting inborn errors of metabolism at an early stage LV LPSRUWDQW 7KH EHQH¿WV RI VXFK SURJUDP DUH PDQLIROG )URP WKH point of view of families, there is a better response towards the disease. From a national perspective, we have better understanding about the actual incidence across different populations. With the long term goal of reducing the impact of inborn errors of metabolism in the society, mass screening programs should be implemented without further delay.

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ÀFDQWQHJDWLYHFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKHOHYHOVRIVHUXP K\GUR[\YLWDPLQ'DQGOHYHOVRIVSXWXPSRVLWLYLW\ &RQFOXVLRQ 6HUXP YLWDPLQ ' OHYHOV QHJDWLYHO\ FRUUHODWHV ZLWK EDFWHULDOORDGLQSDWLHQWVZLWKDFWLYHSXOPRQDU\WXEHUFXORVLV .H\ZRUGV 3XOPRQDU\ WXEHUFXORVLV K\GUR[\YLWDPLQ ' GHÀFLHQF\$FLG)DVW%DFLOOLORDG

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GS18 %LRFKHPLFDOSUR¿OHRIQRQDOFRKROLFIDWW\OLYHUGLVHDVH in patients of eastern India with histopathological correlation. Manorama Swain SCB Medical College, Cuttack Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease worldwide[1]. Population based preYDOHQFHRI1$)/'YDULHVIURPLQPHQDQG in women of the west[2]. A higher prevalence has been observed in people who have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) i.e., up to 70% [3] . In coastal eastern India, one fourth of general population have evidence of fatty liver on routine sonographic examination[4]. NAFLD ranges from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steato hepatitis 1$6+ ZLWKKHSDWRF\WHEDOORRQLQJDQGLQÀDPPDWRU\FRPSRQHQWV NASH can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in XSWRRISDWLHQWV[5]. NASH is projected to be the leading cause of liver transplantation by 2020 [6]. By now, the Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a common term which includes central obesity, hypertension, decreased serum HDL and elevated triglyceride with insulin resistance as the central pathophysiological factor. NAFLD/NASH is now considered to be the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome. It is associated with obesity as well as diabetes and could be not only a result of insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome but rather a major contributor to systemic IR. Diagnosis of NAFLD is based on liver function tests particularly abnormal serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in most of the studies [7, 8]. :HFRQGXFWHGWKLVVWXG\ZLWKDQDLPWRH[SORUHWKHSUR¿OHRIOLYHU enzymes in patients with NAFLD in eastern India and also to look at the possibility of histopathological correlation, if any, with the transaminase levels. Results and discussion : In our study, patients with NAFLD had higher BMI, higher Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), higher serum triglycerides, lower serum HDL, higher serum AST and ALT, higher serum insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA IR) than controls. Most of the previous studies too have shown that NAFLD is increasingly associated with obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, high serum AST and ALT [9,10,11,12]. A positive correlation between insulin resistance and higher grades of NAFLD, rather than the degree of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients has been demonstrated by Das et al. [13] 7KH PHDQ$67 DQG$/7 LQ 1$)/' VXEMHFWV ZDV DQG UHVSHFWLYHO\ 0RVW RI WKH VWXGLHV KDYH UHSRUWHG WKDW NAFLD is frequently associated with elevated serum transaminases. [14] However, studies which are population based have shown that patients with NAFLD can have normal AST and ALT. [15] The present VWXG\LQFOXGHVDWRWDORIVXEMHFWVPDOHVDQGIHPDOHV and their mean values of serum transaminases were a little higher, REVHUYHGLQRI1$)/'SDWLHQWV

NASH patients have higher risk for liver and non-liver related mortality than patients with simple steatosis. However it is not possible to get liver biopsy in every patient of NAFLD due to its high incidence. So it is important to stratify the NAFLD population and identify which subgroup needs more attention and regular follow up. NAFLD patients with transaminitis and higher values of HOMA IR are more prone for metabolic syndrome and hence cardiovascular disease. There are several limitations of this study. Being an observational study it is not devoid of selection and confounding bias. Also there may have been a selection bias for patients undergoing liver biopsy. Subjects with higher serum transaminases and insulin resistance may have been more often referred for liver biopsy. However, over half of the patients who underwent liver biopsy had normal transaminase values. Besides it is believed that trans abdominal ultrasound which was used as the screening test for fatty liver can reliably diagnoses NAFLD only if steatosis is >33%. Patients with mild steatosis less than 33% can be missed by sonography. Conclusion: Despite the older belief that NAFLD is frequently associated with raised transaminases, our study showed that PRUH WKDQ KDOI RI 1$)/' VXEMHFWV KDG QRUPDO VHUXP transaminase levels, while paradoxically transaminitis was observed LQ RQH ¿IWK RI QRUPDO KHDOWK\ FRQWUROV ZLWKRXW IDWW\ OLYHU Hence, serum transaminase level alone should never be used as a screening test for NAFLD, otherwise a huge proportion of patients ZLOO EH RYHUORRNHG UHVXOWLQJ LQ VLJQL¿FDQW XQGHUHVWLPDWLRQ RI WKH prevalence of fatty liver. However, although NAFLD subjects who had serum transaminitis were more insulin resistant with higher incidence of metabolic syndrome than those without, there was no VLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHLQKLVWRSDWKRORJLFDOIHDWXUHVEHWZHHQ1$)/' with and without transaminitis. Therefore, although the presence of raised serum transaminase in patients of NAFLD indicates a higher PHWDEROLFULVNLWLVQRWDUHÀHFWLRQRIWKHGHJUHHRIKHSDWLFQHFUR LQÀDPPDWLRQ %HVLGHV WKLV DOVR UDLVHV WKH SRVVLELOLW\ WKDW KLWKHUWR unknown extra-metabolic factors, most likely the gut microbiota, PLJKWEHLQÀXHQFLQJWKHGHJUHHRIKHSDWLFGLVHDVH

GS19 Hepcidin and iron homeostasis – from the bench to the clinic Molly Jacob Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

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ron is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms. In humans, LWVOHYHOVDUHWLJKWO\UHJXODWHGLQRUGHUWRSUHYHQWHLWKHUGH¿FLHQF\ or excess, as both are detrimental to health. There are a number of complex homeostatic mechanisms that are operational in the body to achieve this. There has been a dramatic expansion of knowledge LQ WKLV DUHD LQ WKH ODVW \HDUV ,W LV QRZ NQRZQ WKDW KHSFLGLQ D peptide produced mainly in the liver, is the central regulator of iron homeostasis in the body. The role of hepcidin in the processes involved in normal homeostasis of iron and also in pathogenesis of dysregulated iron metabolism in various clinical conditions will be EULHÀ\UHYLHZHG

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GS20 Children with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) are at a greater risk of metabolic bone disease Pradeep Kumar Dabla G B Panth Institute of Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India Introduction: Children with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) are at a greater risk of metabolic bone disease due to biochemical derangements of renal disease and due to the effects of corticosteroids and immunosuppressant therapy. Aims & Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the calcium-vitamin D status in children with SRNS. Materials and Methods: - A cross-sectional case control study was SHUIRUPHG WR LQYHVWLJDWH WKH FDOFLXPYLWDPLQ ' VWDWXV LQ SDWLHQWV RI6516DQGKHDOWK\FRQWUROV6HUXPOHYHOVRIK\GUR[\YLWDPLQ ' >2+ '@ FDOFLXP SKRVSKRUXV DONDOLQH SKRVSKDWDVH $/3 DQG parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assayed in all subjects. The SRNS SDWLHQWVZHUHIXUWKHUGLYLGHGLQWRJURXSVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHLU8S8FUDWLR Results: - 9LWDPLQ'DQGFDOFLXPOHYHOVZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHULQ the SRNS patients as compared to control (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.001) ZKHUHDV37+ZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\HOHYDWHGS /RZHUOHYHOVRI vitamin D and calcium were found in the relapse phase (p < 0.01 and S 37+DQG$/3OHYHOVZHUHKRZHYHUKLJKHUSDQG S 2QFRUUHODWLQJZLWK8S8FUDWLRYLWDPLQ'DQGFDOFLXP VKRZHG D VLJQL¿FDQW QHJDWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ S DQG S ZKHUHDVDSRVLWLYHFRUUHODWLRQZDVVHHQIRU37+DQG$/3S for both). Conclusion: - 7KHUH LV D FOHDU GLPLQXWLRQ RI VHUXP 2+ ' LQ patients with SRNS which reverts rapidly to normal after cessation of proteinuria. It may be associated with severe nephrotoxicity. Prophylactic therapy with vitamin D should be advocated in these patients.

GS21 Antioxidative role of tocotrienol against moderate dose of ethanol intoxication Prasunpriya Nayak NRI Medical College & General Hospital, Chinakakani, Mangalagiri (MDL), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

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ocotrienol, an unfamiliar constituent of vitamin E, present only in selected seed oil. By virtue of unsaturated side chain, tocotrienol appears to be more potent antioxidant compared to tocopherol. Neuroprotective effects of tocotrienol have also been demonstrated independent of its antioxidative performances. The current study is aimed to evaluate the effect of tocotrienol against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. Male albino Wistar rats were treated with ethanol (0.6 mg/Kg bw) for four weeks without (Group NTE) RUZLWK*URXS7( WRFRWULHQRO>7RFRWULHQRO@H[SRVXUHPJ day). Some ethanol-exposed rats were orally treated with tocotrienol (10 mg/day) for two weeks prior and then continued with (Group 6TE) or without (Group 2TE) tocotrienol treatment for four weeks of ethanol treatment. Oxidative stress parameters were determined in frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (HC). Kruskal-Wallis tests

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LQGLFDWHVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWDOWHUDWLRQVLQDOOWKHWHVWHGSDUDPHWHUV except catalase activity of FC and level of lipid peroxidation in HC. Comparisons between the groups are carried out by Mann-Whitney WHVW FRQVLGHULQJ 17( DV FRQWURO JURXS 6LJQL¿FDQW LQFUHDVHV LQ glutathione reductase activities of FC and HC are observed along with rise in reduced glutathione contents of in 6TE group. Similarly, VLJQL¿FDQWGHFOLQHVLQOLSLGSHUR[LGDWLRQOHYHOVDUHFRUURERUDWHGZLWK VLJQL¿FDQW LQFUHPHQWV LQ VXSHUR[LGH GLVPXWDVH DFWLYLWLHV LQ ERWK )&DQG+&RI7(JURXS2QWKHRWKHUKDQGVLJQL¿FDQWHOHYDWLRQV of glutathione peroxidase activities of FC and HC are noticed in 2TE group. Accordingly, glutathione-dependent superoxide and peroxide handling capacities (SPHC) of FC and HC are found to EH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ WKH 7( JURXS ,Q DGGLWLRQ JOXWDWKLRQH LQGHSHQGHQW 63+& RI +& LV DOVR VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ WKH 7( group. However, both glutathione-dependent and glutathioneLQGHSHQGHQW63+&VDUHREVHUYHGWREHVLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHGLQ7( group. These results indicate that pretreatment with tocotrienol could be helpful for combating the oxidative stress faced by brain regions. However, prolonged treatment of tocotrienol may efface the inherent antioxidant capacity of brain cells. Therefore, from the present study it can be suggested that though tocotrienol is an effective antioxidant, it should be used conservatively. [Financial support from ER & IPR, '5'27RFRWULHQROIURP2U\]D2LO )DW&KHPLFDO&R/WG -DSDQ@

GS22 Genetic aberrations of folate metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus R Dhananjayan Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Vanagaram, Chennai Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the commonest form of DM characterized by disorders of insulin secretion and insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, VRPHWLPHV FRPELQHG ZLWK DQ DEVROXWH LQVXOLQ GH¿FLHQF\ 6LQJOH nucleotide polymorphisms are small genetic changes or variations of a single base found in the sequence of DNA and are present at 1% or more within a population. The development of T2DM depends on the involvement of genetic and environmental factors. Even the more common forms of atherosclerosis manifest in later life, they are partly heritable, arising as a result of common environmental exposures and many common genetic variants (polymorphisms) with small to moderate effect. Functional polymorphisms in genes regulating IRODWH PHWDEROLVP DQG GH¿FLHQF\ RI PLFURQXWULHQWV QDPHO\ IRODWH B12, B6 perturbate folate metabolism. Folate Metabolism and Genetic Aberrations Folate metabolism is also known as one-carbon metabolism, which involves sequential transfer of one-carbon moiety from one substrate to another to form several crucial metabolites. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is the universal methyl group donor for a variety of methyltransferases, resulting in the methylation of substrates such as nucleic acids, lipids and proteins. The transmethylation pathway is present in most mammalian tissues and SAM is generated via the activation of methionine by methionine adenosyltransferase. All SAM-dependent methyltransferase reactions result in the production of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), which can subsequently be converted to HCY by SAH hydrolase. HCY may be remethylated back to methionine by either folate-dependent or folate-independent

Ind J Clin Biochem

mechanisms. For folate-dependent remethylation, the B12dependent enzyme methionine synthase utilizes a methyl group from PHWK\OWHWUDK\GURIRODWH%HWDLQHKRPRF\VWHLQH6PHWK\OWUDQVIHUDVH catalyzes the folate-independent remethylation of HCY using betaine, a methyl group donor derived from choline oxidation. Hepatic folate, methyl group and HCY metabolism are interrelated that when disrupted are associated with numerous pathologies. Maintenance of normal methyl group and HCY homeostasis are depending on the balance between SAM-dependent transmethylation, which utilizes methyl groups and produces HCY; remethylation of HCY back to methionine by folate-dependent and -independent mechanisms; and HCY catabolism via the transsulfuration pathway. A diabetic state is FKDUDFWHUL]HGE\LQFUHDVHGH[SUHVVLRQRIVSHFL¿FPHWK\OWUDQVIHUDVHV that utilize SAM-derived methyl groups and produce HCY. Dietary folate in the form of folyl polyglutamates is hydrolysed to monoglutamate form by glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP II), an intestinal enzyme. This facilitates the intestinal absorption of folate. Folate reductase reduces the folate into dihydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate (THF), which in the plasma is transported into red blood cells through reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC 1), where it accepts PHWK\OHQHPRLHW\IURPVHULQHWRIRUPPHWK\OHQH7+)LQWKH presence of cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (cSHMT). PHWK\OHQH7+) LV D VXEVWUDWH IRU WZR UDWHOLPLWLQJ HQ]\PHV i.e., thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). The former catalyzes the conversion of dUMP to dTMP, while the later catalyzes the FAD-dependent reduction RI PHWK\OHQH 7+) WR PHWK\O 7+) ZKLFK GRQDWHV PHWK\O group for remethylation of HCY to methionine in the presence of methionine synthase (MTR)-methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) holoenzyme complex. Methionine is the precursor for the synthesis of SAM, a universal methyl group donor that donates methyl group to DNA, proteins and catecholamines. Our research study on various genetic variants of folate metabolism VKRZHGWKHIROORZLQJUHVXOWV075$*DOOHOHZDVIRXQGWREH SURWHFWLYH LQ7'0 *&3 ,, &7 DQG 07+)5 &7 VKRZHG SRVLWLYHDVVRFLDWLRQZLWKSODVPD+&
GS23 Insulin resistance: from bench to bedside Sivasankaran Sivasubramanian Shri Chitra Tirunal institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

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nsulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia is increasingly recognized as the driving force for the present non-communicable disease epidemic around the world. Biochemical molecular and evolutionary insight is therefore important to the clinician to favourably modulate the clinical outcome of this protean syndrome. In the common garden variety of insulin resistance represented by metabolic syndrome there is selective resistance for the adipocyte liver and muscles for the hypoglycaemic effects of insulin. The extend and duration of insulin resistance mediates the onset of cardiovascular diseases, neoplasia, islet beta cell degeneration and type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Various DVSHFWV RI WLVVXH VSHFL¿F LQVXOLQ UHVLVWDQFH UROH RI DQWLLQVXOLQ hormones, leptin, adiponectin, vitamin D and Klotho proteins, incretins, insulin receptors, anti-insulin antibodies and subcellular motor signalling will be discussed to open further avenues of research and clinical manipulation. Insulin resistance can the recognized as a fundamental evolutionarily conserved mechanism to provide energy to energy intensive tissues like brain, placenta and immune system, ZKLFKLVDPSOL¿HGE\WKHOLYHUDQGLQFUHWLQVZLWKWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQW RIHQWHUDOIHHGLQJ([SRQHQWLDODPSOL¿FDWLRQRIWKLVSURWHFWLYHF\FOH by sloth and gluttony adversely damages the liver and cardiovascular system, potentiates both benign and malignant growth of tissues and ¿QDOO\UHVXOWVLQWKHSUHPDWXUHGHJHQHUDWLRQRILQVXOLQVHFUHWLQJFHOOV

GS24 Oxidative stress and antioxidants in gastrointestinal disesases Satyavati Rana Dept. of Gastroenterology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

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KURQLF LQÀDPPDWLRQ OHDGV WR LQFUHDVHG R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV DQG long-term consequences, most notably cancer. Oxidative stress is caused, in part, by highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (for example, superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and proximities), which can damage proteins, lipids, DNA, and organelles, leading to altered phenotypic patterns. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a key source of ROS. Despite the protective barrier provided by the epithelial layer, ingested materials DQGSDWKRJHQVFDQFDXVHLQÀDPPDWLRQE\DFWLYDWLQJWKHHSLWKHOLXP polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), and macrophages to SURGXFHLQÀDPPDWRU\F\WRNLQHVDQGRWKHUPHGLDWRUVWKDWFRQWULEXWH further to oxidative stress. Various GI pathological conditions LQFOXGLQJJDVWURGXRGHQDOXOFHUV*,PDOLJQDQFLHVDQGLQÀDPPDWRU\ bowel disease (IBD) arise in part from oxidative stress. Although free radicals are continuously generated, the body is equipped to defend against the harmful effects of ROS with the help of antioxidants, collectively called the antioxidant defense system which comprises both enzymatic and no enzymatic mechanisms. Antioxidants remove free radicals from the system and inhibit oxidation by being oxidized themselves. Dietary intake is another very important source of antioxidants and points to the potential effects of malnutrition or malabsorption of nutrients on the regulation of these mediators. Hence, in this we will discuss an overview of the role of oxidative VWUHVVLQLQÀDPPDWLRQEDVHG*,WUDFWGLVHDVHV

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GS25 Evolution of glycocalyx components in prognosis of sepsis patients Seema Bhargava Dept of Biochemistry Gangaram Hospital New Delhi, India

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ntroduction: The pathophysiology and morbidity/ mortality of sepsis is governed by the deterioration of the endovascular epithelium. There is a protective layer of the vascular endothelium - the glycocalyx - which lines blood vessels on the luminal side and protects it from direct insult. Endothelial glycocalyx shedding has been recognized as a contributor in sepsis pathophysiology. Amongst the components of this glycocalyx layer are Sidneyan and Hyaluronan. When the glycocalyx is disrupted by cytokines released in response to pathogens, these components are released into circulation. It would WKHUHIRUHIROORZWKDWWKHLUFRQFHQWUDWLRQLQWKHVHUXPZRXOGUHÀHFW the extent of insult and morbidity. Methods: Community acquired sepsis, severe sepsis and septic VKRFN SDWLHQWV ZHUH HQUROOHG LQ WKH VWXG\ IURP WKRVH ZKR ZHUH DGPLWWHG WR WKH ,&8 RI RXU WHUWLDU\ FDUH KRVSLWDO KHDOWK\ YROXQWHHUVZHUHDOVRHQUROOHG3DWLHQWVZHUHIROORZHGIRUGD\VDQG then segregated into survivor and non-survivor groups. Sidneyan and hyaluronan levels were measured in the serum of these patients on GD\VDQGRIDGPLVVLRQ6WDWLVWLFDODQDO\VLVZDVSHUIRUPHGWR HYDOXDWHWKHLUSURJQRVWLFHI¿FDF\.UXVNDO:DOOLVDQG0DQQ:KLWQH\ U tests) and their correlation (Spearman’s correlation) to the SOFA and APACHE scores. Results: Levels of both markers were increased in severe sepsis and septic shock patients as compared to sepsis patient group at all time-points. Hyaluronan and sideman differentiated survivors from non-survivors (p<0.001). Unlike non-survivors, in the survivor group, median hyaluronan and sideman levels decreased VLJQL¿FDQWO\S LQVXEVHTXHQWPHDVXUHPHQWV52&DQDO\VLV IRU WKH SUHGLFWLRQ RI PRUWDOLW\ LGHQWL¿HG FXWRIIV RI QJPO DQG QJPOIRUK\DOXURQDQDQGVLGHPDQUHVSHFWLYHO\7KHVSHFL¿FLW\ DQG QHJDWLYH SUHGLFWLYH YDOXHV ZHUH DQG IRU K\DOXURQDQ DQG DQG IRU VLGHPDQ UHVSHFWLYHO\ .DSODQ 0HLHU FXUYHV UHYHDOHG VLPLODU UHVXOWV %RWK PDUNHUV FRUUHODWHG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ZLWK APACHE II and SOFA scores. Conclusions: These observations indicate that serial measurements RI K\DOXURQDQ DQG VLGHPDQ DUH VLJQL¿FDQW SURJQRVWLF PDUNHUV IRU morbidity and survival in sepsis. Future therapeutic interventional possibilities may be explored in experimental interventional prospective multi-centric trials.

GS26 3URWHFWLYH HIIHFWV RI JUDSH H[WUDFWV DJDLQVW LRQL]LQJ radiation-induced membrane alterations in RBC Subir Kumar Das College of Medicine & JNM Hospital, WBUHS, West Bengal.

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onizing radiation causes damage to the biomolecules in living cells through oxidative stress by the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from radiolysis of body water. Blood and its FRPSRQHQWVLQFOXGLQJWKHFHOOVDUHH[SRVHGWRDVLJQL¿FDQWGRVHRI radiation during irradiation. Grapes (Vitus viniferous) contain several bioactive phytochemicals and are the richest source of antioxidants.

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Therefore, we hypothesized that the grape extracts would offer protection against the ionizing radiation-induced damage of the red blood cells (RBCs). To test our hypothesis, in the current study we investigated the radio-protective actions of extract of four different grapes (Vitus viniferous) cultivars, namely Flame seedless (Black grapes), Mishmash chronic (Black with reddish brown), Red globe (Red) and Thompson seedless mutant (Sonata, Green) against the g-irradiation-induced oxidative stress leading to the structural alteration in the RBC membrane in vitro. Freshly drawn blood samples from healthy volunteers itself or mixed with grape extracts IURPVHHGVNLQRUSXOSRIHDFKFXOWLYDUZHUHLUUDGLDWHGDW*HHDIWHU one hour of treatment. g-irradiation for one hour did not appear to change the hematological parameters. The average osmotic fragility (H) and the maximum rate of hemolysis (dB/DC)max increased after the g-irradiation. The confocal microscopic and atomic force microscopes (AFM) studies showed that irradiation induced the transformation of RBC from biconcave cells to echinocytes, increased their surface roughness and decreased the vertical distance. The grape extracts did not appear to alter the viability of human erythrocytes. Our results suggested that the grape extract pretreatment DPHOLRUDWHGWKHLRQL]LQJUDGLDWLRQLQGXFHGDOWHUDWLRQVDWDGRVHRI Gee in human erythrocytes in vitro. Moreover, protection offered by WKH VHHG H[WUDFWV ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ EHWWHU WKDQ WKDW ZDV RIIHUHG E\ the extracts of skin or pulp of the same cultivar. Furthermore, the protective action of grape extract depends on the source of extract (seed, skin or pulp) and type of the cultivars. Acknowledgement: Financial assistance received from the Department of Atomic Energy-Board of Research in Nuclear Studies %516 LVJUDWHIXOO\DFNQRZOHGJHG

GS27 %LRFKHPLFDO SUR¿OH YLWDPLQ ' VWDWXV DQG UROH of N-acetyl transferase-2 gene polymorphism in tuberculosis patients Sukhes Mukherjee SMMH Government Medical College, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

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uberculosis remains a major global health problem and the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide and the Indian scenario is not much different with global incidence of tuberculosis of 8.6 million. Here in our study we investigated the role of haematological parameters, biochemical parameters, vitamin D status and the precise role of n-acetyl transferase gene (NAT2) polymorphism was investigated in 100 patients attending RNTCP on short term regimen at Department of Respiratory medicine, Subartu Medical College, Meerut. Our study reveals that mean age of study SRSXODWLRQZDVDQGPRVWZHUHEHWZHHQDQGDJH JURXS RI WKH VXEMHFWV KDG D VSXWXP VPHDU JUDGH RI DQG VKRZHGD&'FRXQW7KHUHZDVVLJQL¿FDQWDOWHUDWLRQRI haematological and biochemical parameter with low serum vitamin D levels. Vitamin D, an immunomodulatory effector, has been proven to play a critical role in inducing anti mycobacterial activity which is accomplished by inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and up-regulating protective innate host responses. The correlation study for human NAT2 has revealed alleles associated with rapid and slow acetylation and that CYP2E1 genetic polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to DIH caused by ant tuberculosis drugs in tuberculosis patients.

Ind J Clin Biochem

GS28 Whither Oxidative Stress?

discharges start in a localized area of the brain and restricted to one area of the brain. The symptoms/signs are dependent on the part of the brain that is affected.

KH K\SRWKHVLV WKDW R[LGDWLYH GDPDJH RI WLVVXHV LV LQÀLFWHG E\ reactive oxygen species, and by quenching them antioxidants give protection has now become a dogma. Each part is happening. Damages by oxidations are seen in tissues. Increased reactive oxygen species are produced. Antioxidants can quench them in experimental studies. But the expected protection by antioxidant supplements in diseases has little support in clinical studies. The oxidation of cellular components, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, and the associated LQÀDPPDWLRQLQFDUGLDFLQMXU\RQLQWURGXFLQJR[\JHQXQGHULVFKHPLD reperfusion can hardly be reversed by antioxidants.

Idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) are common seizure disorders and characterize electro-clinical syndromes, in which a combination of clinical features such as seizure types, age of onset and electroencephalogram (EEG) features (generalized spike wave) are essential for diagnosis. The onset of seizures appears to occur when a small group of abnormal neurons undergo prolonged depolarization DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHUDSLG¿ULQJRIUHSHDWHGDFWLRQSRWHQWLDOVZKHUHDV the exact pathogenesis of IGE is not fully understood. Studies have suggested that the body electrolytes, the levels of some trace elements and membrane lipid peroxidation, due to increased free radicals or decreased anti-oxidant defense mechanisms, may be involved in some forms of epilepsies and contribute to pathophysiology of neuronal excitability, neuronal excitotoxicity, seizure recurrence and resistance to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).

µ2[LGDWLYHVWUHVV¶LVDIDYRULWHH[SUHVVLRQLQPRVWDUWLFOHVLQWKLV¿HOG and is accepted, nay welcomed, by authors and editors as the basis of diseases without questions. Some questions however remain unasked or unanswered. Does the oxidant activity represent stress? Are the antioxidant and oxidant activities in the cells counter each other to PDLQWDLQDQXQGH¿QHGEDODQFH"2UDUHWKH\IXQFWLRQDOO\LQGHSHQGHQW and occur to meet some yet unknown requirement? Don’t the cells know how to take care of the small number of damaged molecules by repair or exclusion? Are not mistakes in protein synthesis and damages of nucleic acids and their corrections are part of normal cellular activity?

Certain minerals and trace elements are essential for the development of healthy nervous system. Altered homeostasis of some trace elements in the brain has been implicated in the susceptibility, development and termination of seizures in animal models of genetically determined epilepsy. Low levels of serum Zn can cause initiation of epileptic seizures via activating N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Copper in low dosage has been reported to produce seizures in animals via inhibiting Mg- ATPase and Na, KATPase enzymes. Magnesium is a potential modulator of seizure activity because of its ability to antagonize the excitatory calcium LQÀX[WKURXJK1PHWK\O'DVSDUWDWHUHFHSWRU

T. Ramasarma INSA Emeritus Scientist, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and CDFD, Hyderabad

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The powerful, appealing concept of oxidative stress is inclusive of oxidants and radicals for oxidation of cell constituents and also of cellular glutathione redox buffer and exogenous antioxidants for reversing them. Oxygen radical actions and their quenching by antioxidants may serve other roles waiting to be discovered, as already hinted by concerned scientists. It is time to visualize new SHUFHSWLRQVRIR[LGDWLYHVWUHVVWRWDNHWKH¿HOGIRUZDUG

GS29 Association of minerals and trace elements with LGLRSDWKLFJHQHUDOL]HGHSLOHSV\ U.Satyanarayana1, D.K.V.Prasad2 8]PD 6KDKHHQ2, T.Surya Prabha3, A.Jyothy2 & Anjana Munshi2 1 Dr.Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences & Research foundation, Chinnoutapalli, Gannavaram,Andhra Pradesh; 2 Institute of Genetics, Hyderabad; 3Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad.

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pilepsy is one of the most common heterogeneous neurological disorders characterized by spontaneous, recurrent and XQSURYRNHGVHL]XUHVZLWKSUHYDOHQFHRIZRUOGSRSXODWLRQ Multiple different health hazards can cause seizures for example brain tumors, either benign or malignant, brain trauma, autoimmune irregularities, infection, congenital lesion, neurological diseases such as stroke, and Alzheimer’s. The rest of the cases are considered to be idiopathic, that is, with no evident cause other than a presumed genetic basis. Seizures may be generalized, involving both hemispheres of the brain simultaneously from the onset of seizure and can happen without warning, or partial (focal), in which the abnormal electrical

The association of Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn with IGEs was evaluated in WKHSUHVHQWVWXG\,*(SDWLHQWV>JHQHUDOL]HGWRQLFFORQLF JUDQG PDO DEVHQFH P\RFORQLF HSLOHSV\ @ DQG HTXDO number of healthy controls were recruited and the patients were further divided into responders and non-responders based on their response to antiepileptic drugs 7KH SDWLHQWV ZLWK ,*( KDG VLJQL¿FDQW ORZ VHUXP OHYHOV RI &D 0J DQG =Q PJGO DQG J dl respectively) and the corresponding values for controls were S 6WDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFHV LQ WKH VHUXP OHYHOV RI 0J ZHUH REVHUYHG among different epilepsy types (absence, myoclonic, tonic-clonic VHL]XUHV DQGUHVSHFWLYHO\ S 6LJQL¿FDQW KLJK VHUXP OHYHOV RI FRSSHU ZHUH IRXQG LQ SDWLHQWV DV FRPSDUHG WR FRQWUROV JGO S 6LJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVHGOHYHOVRI]LQFZHUHQRWHGLQQRQUHVSRQGHUV FRPSDUHGWRUHVSRQGHUV S 1R VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH ZDV REVHUYHG LQ VHUXP FDOFLXP PDJQHVLXP and copper levels between responders and non-responders. The reduced Mg concentrations in generalized tonic- clonic seizure patients suggest that Mg may be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease particularly generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). Higher levels of Zn in non-responder group can be implicated in overproduction of free radicals either by defective production of SOD and GPx and thereby causing the disease to continue by promoting the electrical discharge continuously or by inhibiting inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Alterations in [Ca@DQG&D homeostatic PHFKDQLVPV KDYH VLJQL¿FDQW FRQVHTXHQFHV RQ JHQH H[SUHVVLRQ neurotransmitter release and hence neuronal plasticity. It may be concluded that Ca, Mg, Zn and Ca are closely associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsy.

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GS30

Recent development in the global perspective of lead poisoning Thuppil Venkatesh Professor Emeritus & National Chairman, Indian Society for lead awareness and research (InSLAR), St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore

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oxic heavy metal lead is recognized as number one environmental poison and the top hazardous material in any form to all system of life known till date. Over one third population of the developing world is found having unacceptable level of lead in blood. Amongst this the most effected are children and women in their reproductive age. While over one third of children during growth are constantly losing their cognitive function pre menopausal women are having problems related to their musculoskeletal and reproductive system. In developing countries efforts are made to understand the gravity of situation and newer policies are being evolved. Developed countries are on the other hand are shifting their problem to developing counWULHV7KLVFRQÀLFWLVFDXVLQJPDQ\HQYLURQPHQWDODQGKHDOWKUHODWHG issues. Biochemist have come out with remarkable results towards mitigating the problems caused by abuse of lead. Apart from this at various levels of understanding the existing problems biochemist have adopted multistraregic approaches to provide implementable solutions for apreventive measure. Author will be discussing with data the global perspective of impact of lead on environment and Health.

GS31 &RQWHPSRUDU\ LQÀDPPDWRU\ GLVRUGHUV DQG WKH evolutionary energy crisis: the pivotal role of AMPK M K Unnikrishnan Manipal University Manipal

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QÀDPPDWLRQLVDFRPSOH[DGDSWLYHFHOOXODUUHVSRQVHWRLQIHFWLRQV and bodily injury that attempts to repair damage and restore tissue KRPHRVWDVLV,QÀDPPDWLRQLVHQHUJ\LQWHQVLYHEHFDXVH$73LVUHTXLUHG IRU ELRV\QWKHVLV RI LQÀDPPDWRU\ PHGLDWRUV DQG IRU PDLQWDLQLQJ membrane potential. Adaptive repair processes are selected to be brief and have evolved primarily to deal with acute injury. Therefore protracted PDODGDSWLYHLQÀDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVHVDUHUHODWLYHO\UHFHQW LQHYROXWLRQDU\WLPHVFDOH,QÀDPPDWLRQLVKLJKFRVWKLJKUHWXUQ process in an injury prone environment. The well-cushioned, energyrich environment in contemporary urbanized societies constitute an HYROXWLRQDU\PLVPDWFKWKDWGULYHVORZJUDGHFKURQLFLQÀDPPDWLRQ WHUPHG ³SDUDLQÀDPPDWLRQ´ 0RVW OLIHVW\OH GLVHDVHV FRQVWLWXWH D FRPSRQHQW RI FRPSOH[ PDODGDSWLYH LQÀDPPDWRU\ SDWKRORJ\ involving multiple signaling pathways. Therefore the conventional wisdom of targeting a single pathway is not likely to succeed in WUHDWLQJFKURQLFLQÀDPPDWLRQH[HPSOL¿HGE\WKHLJQRPLQLRXVH[LW of selective cycloxygenase (COX) inhibitors. Energy allocation and metabolic provisioning appear to be inextricably linked to LQÀDPPDWRU\UHSDLUV\VWHPVEHFDXVHQXWULWLRQDOFKDOOHQJHZDVDNH\ GULYHU RI HYROXWLRQDU\ ¿WQHVV 7KHUHIRUH ¶$03DFWLYDWHG SURWHLQ kinase (AMPK) a serine/ threonine kinase operating at the helm of energy budgeting, immune regulation and metabolic provisioning, FRXOG EH D NH\ GUXJ WDUJHW IRU LQÀDPPDWRU\ SDWKRORJLHV OLQNHG WR

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metabolic disorders. Rise in AMP/ATP ratio activates AMPK and stimulates catabolic processes that raise ATP levels and shut down anabolic processes. AMPK also activates mitochondrial biogenesis. Energy dysregulation being the common denominator in metabolic disorders, the over-nourished modern man probably suffers from chronic under activation of AMPK. Additionally, AMPK is an upstream regulator of Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2) a potent antioxidant activator and inducer of cytoprotective responses to oxidative stimulus. AMPK also downregulates NF-kB, (a key GULYHURILQÀDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVHV DQGXSUHJXODWHVDXWRSKDJ\ZKLFK could be underplayed in over nourished sedentary individuals.

GS32 +HSDWLFHQ]\PHVYVGHDPLQDVHVDFWLYLW\LQSRVWOLYHU transplant patients Pradeep Naik Global Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana

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uanosine deaminase (GDA), Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyses the hydrolytic deamination of guanosine and adenosine respectively. Amongst human tissues, liver, lymphocytes and macrophages contains the highest deaminases activity and detectable in brain and kidney. Increase of GDA and ADA in serum LVFRQVLGHUHGWRDVSHFL¿FLQGLFDWLRQRIKHSDWRPDFHOOXODULQMXU\DQG has been shown to have prognostic and diagnostic value in a variety of clinical situations We determine ADA and GDA activities along with other Hepatic enzymes like Alanine transaminase(ALT),Aspartate transaminase (AST), in sera of 27 pre and post liver transplant patients with different types of liver disease and disorders (ALD with PHT (n=8), CLD with PHT (n=7), PSE (Portal systemic encephalopathy) with K\SRWK\URLGLVPQ 1$)/'Q $XWRLPPXQHGLVRUGHUQ 2) and liver decompensate with HTN (n= 2) were investigated and compared with the control group of healthy individuals. When compared all the hepatic cases with the controls, levels of $67$/7 HQ]\PHV DV ZHOO DV$'$ DQG *'$ ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ higher than the control group in pre and post liver transplant S /HYHOVRI$'$,8/ DQG*'$ ,8/ DORQJZLWK$/7 $67 ZHUHKLJKLQ hepatitis cases on day 1 compared to other disorders in post LTx.After liver transplantation deaminases and transaminases subsequently decreased and reached to normal range on day 10th. In conclusion after liver transplantation the activities of deaminases and transaminases were similar indicating proper functioning of hepatocytes.

GS33 Current scenario of molecular diagnostics in Indian healthcare sector R Radhakrishnan Nair Scientist EII, Head, Laboratory Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics, KINFRA Video Park, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Thiruvanathapuram

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olecular diagnostics is the application of molecular biology to medical testing. This technique is used in the detection of disease, monitoring course of the disease and to decide which therapy LV EHQH¿FLDO 7KH WHUP ³SHUVRQDOL]HG PHGLFLQH´ FDQ PRUHRYHU EH

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OLQNHGZLWKPROHFXODUGLDJQRVWLFV%\DQDO\]LQJWKHVSHFL¿FVRIWKH patient and disease. This diagnostic platform can be used to decide on the treatment strategies of the patients. Molecular diagnostics has got a wide range of applications in many medical specialization, such as oncology, cardiovascular disease biology, infectious disease, pharmacogenomics, human leukocyte antigentyping etc. The globalization of molecular biology tools has made the system more common. The invention of single handheld diagnostics devices helps in making molecular diagnosis more user friendly. The single device system has made the diagnosis more precise. The reduction of errors and contamination has made this system gain reputation as a new generation diagnostic platform. In vitro biological assays such as PCR, Real time PCR, ELISA etc. has made the medical diagnosis very fast with very less errors. In older days’ blood culture, bacterial culture etc. used to take a minimum of two days to bring out the test result. Currently, with molecular diagnostics, the test results are available within hours. Because molecular diagnostics methods can detect sensitive markers, these tests are less intrusive than a traditional biopsy. $VLD3DFL¿F PROHFXODU GLDJQRVWLFV UHTXLUHV LQFUHDVHG PROHFXODU testing centers, owing to high prevalence of diseases, increase in the aged population, economic development, and the rising need for better healthcare services. China, Japan, India and Singapore are leveraging on genetic technologies to develop molecular diagnostic platform ZKLFK LV PXFK PRUH HI¿FLHQW DQG HIIHFWLYH LQ WUDFNLQJ GLVHDVHV ,Q ,QGLD PROHFXODU GLDJQRVWLF LV ÀRXULVKLQJ LQ WKH UHFHQW \HDUV Clinicians who were reluctant to use molecular diagnostic method for clinical study are now showing positive attitude towards the use of this diagnostic platform. Both government as well as private sectors are now providing facilities and funding for the generalization of this platform. The main issue with the use of molecular diagnostic tool LQDGHYHORSLQJFRXQWU\OLNH,QGLDZDVWKHH[SHQVHDQGWKHGLI¿FXOW\ to reach remote parts of the country, but by the discovery of assays VXFKDVODWHUDOÀRZWHFKQLTXHKDVUHVROYHGERWKWKHSUREOHPV7KH epidemic study of Dengue, Chikungunya etc. can be studies very fast and accurately by this platform. Large amount of samples can be diagnosed in a very short span of time. This helps the government as well as the public to take needful precautions. Laboratory Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics (LMMD) has state of the art molecular diagnostics for numerous viral and bacterial infectious diseases, Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease and Genetic Diseases. RGCB offers these investigations to the public as part of its social commitment. LMMD is also offering laboratory testing VHUYLFHV IRU 5*&% LQYHVWLJDWRUV ZKR QHHG VSHFL¿F ODERUDWRU\ testing for their research. LMMD also runs its own R&D programs in technology development, assay development and biomarker discovery. LMMD started off with four viral parameters, H1N1, +%9+&9DQG&KLNXQJXQL\DDQGQRZSHUIRUPVYLUDOEDFWHULDO FDQFHUPDUNHUVDQGFDUGLDFGLVHDVHSDUDPHWHUV/00'LVDUJXDEO\ the only facility in India having both NABL accreditation and NABH FHUWL¿FDWLRQSHUIRUPLQJWKHVHPDQ\SDUDPHWHUVXQGHURQHURRI

GS34 Role of dairy products in vegetarians Sadanand S. Naik Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital & Res Center Specialty Laboratory, Pune

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egetarian diet includes relatively large amounts of cereals, legumes, nuts, fruits, green leafy vegetables usually high in carbohydrates, n-6 fatty acids, beta carotene, folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, iron and magnesium whereas it is relatively low in protein, saturated fat, long chain n-3 fatty acids, retinol, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium and zinc. There is inadequacy of micronutrients amongst vegetarians and suggesting a need to ensure daily intake RI VSHFL¿F YLWDPLQV DQG PLQHUDOV 9HJDQV KDYH ORZHU %0, DQG total serum cholesterol and reported to have reduced risk of cardio vascular disease, type 2 diabetes and certain forms of cancer. Whether these observations relate to dietary habits only or by a healthier lifestyle, less smoking, good physical activity is unsettled. The dairy food contains most of the micronutrients and minerals in VXI¿FLHQWTXDQWLW\WKDWFDQPDLQWDLQWKHDGHTXDF\DQGJRRGKHDOWKLI consumed regularly. More than two daily servings of dairy products VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LPSURYHV YLWDPLQ % VWDWXV ORZHUV EORRG SUHVVXUH and reduces adipose tissue mass. Hence, vegetarians if include dairy products in their daily diet (lactovegetarians) can assure that adequate amount of essential nutrients are consumed. The present review will highlight the role dairy products in vegetarians

GS35 &KURPDWLQ RUJDQL]DWLRQ LQÀXHQFH GQD GDPDJH UHVSRQVHVLJQDOOLQJWRLRQL]LQJUDGLDWLRQ Sanjay Gupta Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai

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he DNA damage response can be initiated in response to a variety of stress signals that are encountered during physiological processes or in response to exogenous cues, such as ionizing radiation or DNA-damaging therapeutic agents. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces DNA double-stand breaks (DSB) which are among the PRVWVHYHUHOHVLRQVWKDWFDQRFFXULQDFHOO,QHI¿FLHQWUHSDLURI'6% can cause cell death or lead to uncontrolled proliferation. Recently, DOWHUDWLRQVRIHSLJHQHWLFLQIRUPDWLRQVXFKDVKLVWRQHPRGL¿FDWLRQV are observed following DNA damage, but its impact on cell cycle SKDVHVSHFL¿F'1$GDPDJHUHVSRQVH''5 VLJQDOOLQJLVOHVVZHOO XQGHUVWRRG 2XU GDWD KDYH VKRZQ WKDW *SKDVH VSHFL¿F GHFUHDVH of H3 serine10 phosphorylation (H3Ser10P) in response to DNA damage is coupled with chromatin compaction in repair phase of ''5$OWKRXJK WKH IXQFWLRQ RI WKLV PRGL¿FDWLRQV KDV EHHQ VWXGLHG in relation to cell cycle and transcription but remained elusive in relation to DNA damage response. During the presentation, we will discuss the cross-talk of H3Ser10P with other neighboring histone PRGL¿FDWLRQVDQGWKHLUIXQFWLRQVLQ'1$GDPDJHUHVSRQVHDVZHOO DVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIFHOOF\FOHSKDVHVRQKLVWRQHPRGL¿FDWLRQV DQG cell survival.

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GS36 Palliative role of herbal antioxidants against electron beam radiation induced oxidative stress Suchetha Kumari N1, Yogish Somayaji T1, Vishakh R2, Madhu LN3, Nandini S, Mahesh Bekal, Sharmila KP1 1 Department of Biochemistry, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangaluru. 3 Department of Biochemistry, St. Aloysius College, Mangaluru. 4 Department of Biochemistry, Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamogga. 5 Department of Biochemistry, Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangaluru.

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lant phytochemicals and their antioxidant properties have been a conventional resource to counter radiation induced oxidative stress. Their role as free radical scavengers has contributed to the dose modifying effect and also reduced the radiation induced immune suppression. The present study summarizes the effects of numerous plant resources and depicts their role in reducing the radiation induced oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance

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between the oxidants and reductants which lead to a chain of events that can have deleterious impact on the health and survival of the organism. The study involved the roots of Nardostachys jatamansi, pod of Tamarindus indica, leaves of Carica papaya, Cocos nucifera water, seed of Linum usitatissimum and peels of Punica granatum fruit. These plant resources were studied for their invivo HI¿FDF\ to counter radiation induced antioxidant changes. Further the dose reduction factor was estimated by subjecting mice to radiation after their respective plant extract intervention. The results indicated reduced lipid peroxidation and maintenance of antioxidant enzyme levels near to that of normal. The survival of mice was also found to be prolonged after the herbal extract intervention before irradiation. Thus, the results indicate a diverse role of these plant sources in targeting a wide range of complications that may arise due to oxidative stress. Hence these plant materials could be used as a natural dietary antioxidant supplement or an adjuvant in radiotherapy and chemotherapy that may contribute directly or indirectly in protecting the normal cell damage. Keywords: Ionizing radiation, Oxidative stress, Lipid peroxidation, Herbal antioxidants

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Oral administration of cyanocobalamin causes higher increase in circulating holotranscobalamin than hydroxocobalamin: an Indo-Danish study with different doses of cobalamin Eva Greibe1*, Namita Mahalle2, Vijayshri Bhide2, Christian W. Heegaard3, Sadanand Naik2*, Ebba Nexo1 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark 2 Department of Pathology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Pune, India 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. Background: Most studies on cobalamin absorption are carried out with cyanocobalamin, but little is known as to whether such studies UHÀHFW WKH DEVRUSWLRQ RI WKH QDWXUDO IRUPV RI WKH YLWDPLQ SUHVHQW LQ IRRG LWHPV VXFK DV K\GUR[RFREDODPLQ +HUH ZH LQYHVWLJDWH WKH XSWDNH RI RUDO LQWDNH RI F\DQRFREDODPLQ DQG K\GUR[RFREDODPLQ LQ DQ,QGLDQORZFREDODPLQVWDWXV DQG'DQLVKKLJKFREDODPLQVWDWXV SRSXODWLRQ Methods: The CobaSorb test was used to estimate cobalamin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esults: ,Q WKH FREDODPLQGHSOHWH SRSXODWLRQ GRVHV RI J F\DQRFREDODPLQ DQG K\GUR[RFREDODPLQ VKRZHG KLJKHU LQFUHDVH LQ KRORWUDQVFREDODPLQWKDQGRVHVRIJDQGJZLWKQRGLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQJDQGJ&\DQRFREDODPLQVKRZHGDWLPHVKLJKHU LQFUHDVHLQKRORWUDQVFREDODPLQWKDQK\GUR[RFREDODPLQIRUDOOWKUHH GRVHVJSJS JS ,QWKH FREDODPLQUHSOHWHSRSXODWLRQGRVHVRIJF\DQRFREDODPLQVKRZHG DORZHULQFUHDVHLQKRORWUDQVFREDODPLQWKDQGRVHVRIJS DQGJS ZLWKQRGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQJDQGJS &\DQRFREDODPLQJ VKRZHGDWZRIROGKLJKHULQFUHDVHLQ KRORWUDQVFREDODPLQWKDQK\GUR[RFREDODPLQJ S Conclusions::HVKRZWKDWDGPLQLVWUDWLRQRIF\DQRFREDODPLQUHVXOW LQDWZRIROGKLJKHULQFUHDVHLQFLUFXODWLQJKRORWUDQVFREDODPLQWKDQ DGPLQLVWUDWLRQRIK\GUR[RFREDODPLQLQGHSHQGHQWRIFREDODPLQGRVH RUFREDODPLQVWDWXV,QDGGLWLRQRXUGDWDVXJJHVWVWKDWWKHPD[LPDO XSWDNHFDSDFLW\LVUHDFKHGRQO\E\GRVHVRIDERYHJFREDODPLQ administered three times per day in both cobalamin replete and GHSOHWHLQGLYLGXDOV2XUUHVXOWVXQGHUVFRUHWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIXVLQJ HTXLPRODUGRVHVRIWKHVDPHIRUPRIFREDODPLQZKLOHFRPSDULQJWKH XSWDNHRIIUHHDVFRPSDUHGWRHJIRRGERXQGFREDODPLQ

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AW04 Effect of clomiphene citrate on nitric oxide, IL-10 and MMP-9 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome Angel Mercy Sylus, H. Nandeesha, T. Chitra Karli Sreenivasulu Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai & JIPMER Introduction : &ORPLSKHQH FLWUDWH&& LV WKH ¿UVW OLQH DJHQW IRU RYXODWLRQ LQGXFWLRQ LQ ZRPHQ ZLWK SRO\F\VWLF RYDU\ V\QGURPH3&26 7KHRYDULDQIROOLFXODUDWUHVLDDQGOXWHDOUHJUHVVLRQ ZKLFK LV FKDUDFWHULVWLF RI 3&26 FUXFLDOO\ LQYROYHV LQFUHDVHG PDWUL[ PHWDOORSURWHLQDVH003 DFWLYLW\ ZKLOH LW ORZHUV QLWULF R[LGH12 OHYHOV0RUHRYHUFKURQLFORZJUDGHLQÀDPPDWLRQZLWK GHFUHDVHG LQWHUOHXNLQ,/ OHYHOV LV DOVR UHSRUWHG LQ 3&26 7KHVHELRFKHPLFDOSDUDPHWHUVDUHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHRFFXUUHQFHRI

123

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AW05 0RQLWRULQJ RI EORRG JOXFRVH SUR¿OH IURP H[KDOHG breath analysis for the diagnosis of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes Chiranjit Ghosh1, Prabuddha Mukhopadhyay2, Shibendu Ghosh3 and Manik Pradhan1*

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Ind J Clin Biochem

)UHH2UDO3UHVHQWDWLRQV FO1 Assessement of urinary glycosaminoglycans as a marker of renal function in essential hypertensive individuals. Sanjeevini N B, Dhiraj J. Trivedi, Vidya S Patil SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka Introduction: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of linear polyanions. They form endothelial glycocalyx of glomerular basement membrane and play an important role in regulating glomerular permeability. Chronic hypertension leads to alterations in glomerular EDVHPHQWPHPEUDQHDQGWKLVPD\EHUHÀHFWHGE\LQFUHDVHGH[FUHWLRQ of GAGs before microalbuminuria sets in. Aim: To assess levels of urinary GAGs and microalbumin in essential hypertensive individuals Objectives: (1) To compare urinary levels of GAGs & microalbumin among essential hypertensive individuals and control group (2) To correlate urinary GAGs with microalbumin in both the groups Material and Methods: Analysis of urinary excretion of GAGs and microalbumin was done among 50 essential hypertensive patients and 50 normotensive controls. Estimation of urinary GAGs was done by Dimethyl methylene blue dye binding method and Urinary microalbumin by turbidimetry. Results: Mean urinary GAGs & microalbumin in controls is 10.6 ± 7.3mg/dl, 13.8 ± 11.3 mg/dl respectively and in hypertensive individuals 12.5 ± 10.3 mg/dl, 36.8 ± 64.7 mg/dl respectively. 8ULQDU\ *$*V VKRZV VWDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW SRVLWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ with urinary microalbumin in essential hypertensive individuals (r= 0.452 p<0.005) Conclusion:6LQFH*$*V PLFURDOEXPLQDUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVHG in essential hypertensive individuals. GAGs estimated by dimethyl methylene blue method can prove as a simple and cost effective test of renal dysfunction.

FO2 Genetic variants of adhesion molecules and coronary artery disease P. K. Chawla, C. K. Ponde, R. M. Rajani, A. S. Desphande, R. B. Sawant, T. F. Ashavaid P.D. Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mahim, Mumbai Background: Atherosclerosis is widely known as an infused LQÀDPPDWRU\ GLVHDVH $GKHVLRQ PROHFXOHV SOD\ D YLWDO UROH LQ LQLWLDOSKDVHVRILQÀDPPDWLRQE\UHFUXLWLQJWKHOHXNRF\WHVDQGWKHLU transmigration in tKH HQGRWKHOLXP 6HYHUDO VWXGLHV KDYH LGHQWL¿HG adhesion molecules especially intracellular cell adhesion molecules (ICAM1) and E-selectin as early cardiovascular risk biomarkers. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the association of genetic variants in the ICAM1 and E-selectin (SELE) gene with coronary artery disease (CAD) amongst Indians. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 subjects including 250 DQJLRJUDSKLFDOO\YHUL¿HG&$'SDWLHQWV¶DJHDQGJHQGHUPDWFKHGZLWK

DQJLRJUDSKLFDOO\YHUL¿HGFRQWUROVZHUHUHFUXLWHGIRUWKHVWXG\ Genotyping of ICAM1 variants (G241R), SELE (H468Y ; L575F 65 ZHUHSHUIRUPHGE\DOOHOHVSHFL¿F3&5V%LRPDUNHUVOLNH KV&53 V,&$0 OHYHOV DQG OLSLG SUR¿OH ZDV HVWLPDWHG IRU DOO WKH study subjects. Results: The variant allele of ICAM1 gene (G241R) were seen VLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQFDVHVDVFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROVYV p=0.01). The variant alleles of H469Y and L575F polymorphisms were also seen higher in cases than controls but were not statistically VLJQL¿FDQW7KH 65 ZDV OHDVW REVHUYHG SRO\PRUSKLVP ZLWK WKH YDULDQWDOOHOHVHHQLQFDVHVDQGLQFRQWUROV&DVHVVKRZHG elevated levels of triglycerides (p=0.04), sICAM1 (p=0.0001), KV&53 S DQG ORZ +'/ S DV FRPSDUHG WR FRQWUROV VXJJHVWLQJ GH¿QLWH UROHV LQ LQFUHDVHG LQÀDPPDWLRQ $OVR FDUULHUV of variants allele of ICAM1 gene showed elevated plasma levels of sICAM1. Conclusion: This is an ongoing study and the preliminary results VXJJHVW WKH JHQHWLF YDULDQWV RI ,&$0 LQÀXHQFH SODVPD V,&$0 OHYHOVWKXVLQFUHDVLQJLQÀDPPDWLRQDQGDWKHURVFOHURVLV

FO3 Association between vitamin D status and LQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHUV LQ YDVFXODU GHPHQWLD GXH WR cerebral small vessel disease in the elderly Supriya M, Prabhakar P, Chandra S R, Rita Christopher National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru Introduction: Dementia is a major health challenge in the global ageing population. Vascular dementia (VaD) the second most common cause of dementia is potentially preventable unlike other dementias. The most common cause of VaD in India is cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Recent research supports a role of vitamin D in vascular health. Aims and Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the possible correlation between the levels of vitamin D with LQÀDPPDWRU\PDUNHUVLQ9D'GXHWR69' Methods: 200 VaD patients aged >60 years with VaD due to SVD, and 200 age and gender-matched healthy controls, were investigated. Vitamin D status was estimated by measuring serum 25-(OH)D. The cytokines, TNF-a, IL-10, TGF-b and IL-1a were measured by ELISA and correlated with serum 25-(OH)D levels. Results: 9LWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\QJPO ZDVPRUHSUHYDOHQWLQFDVHV compared to controls. Serum mean TGF-b and IL-10 levels were not VLJQL¿FDQWO\GLIIHUHQWLQFDVHVZKHQFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROV+RZHYHUWKH IL-1a (p=0.0024*) and TNF-a (p=0.0143*) were found to be VLJQL¿FDQWO\HOHYDWHGLQSDWLHQWV6HUXP2+ 'OHYHOVZHUHIRXQG WR EH LQYHUVHO\ FRUUHODWHG ZLWK ,/D LQ WKH 9LWDPLQ 'GH¿FLHQW patients (Spearman correlations r= -0.406, p=0.0001*). There was no correlation of other cytokine levels with serum 25(OH)D. Conclusion:9LWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\LVKLJKO\SUHYDOHQWLQWKHHOGHUO\ ,QGLDQSRSXODWLRQZLWK9D'6LQFHYLWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\LVWUHDWDEOH it may be well worth considering routine screening for vitamin D status in the elderly, to reduce the burden of VaD in India.

123

Ind J Clin Biochem

FO4 Association of 25-OH-vitamin D with high sensitive C-reactive protein in adults with essential hypertension M. Prasad Naidu, D.Rajarajeswari, K.Ramalingam, J.N.Naidu. NMCH, Nellore, A.P. Introduction: Essential hypertension is a typical example of complex, multifactorial trait and a well studied risk factor for cardiovascular GLVHDVHKV&53LVZHOONQRZQPDUNHURILQÀDPPDWLRQUHVXOWLQJ in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies showed WKDW2+YLWDPLQ'KDVDQDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\UROHDQGGHFUHDVHG levels may increase the cardiovascular risk in subjects with essential hypertension. Aims and objectives:3ULPDU\REMHFWLYHRIWKLVVWXG\LVWRPHDVXUH 2+YLWDPLQ'DQGKV&53OHYHOVDQGWRVWXG\WKHDVVRFLDWLRQ between them in subjects with essential hypertension . Materials and methods: 30 adults with essential hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 90mmHg) and 30 age and sex matched healthy controls both male and female between 24 -60 years of age are recruited from General Medicine department of NMCH, Nellore, $3 2+9LWDPLQ ' OHYHOV DUH DVVHVVHG E\ +LJK 3HUIRUPDQFH /LTXLG&KURPDWRJUDSK\DQGKV&53LVHVWLPDWHGE\7XUELGRPHWULF method. Results : in subjects with essential hypertension 25-OH-vitD levels PHDQ6'S QJP/DUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZZKHQ FRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROVXEMHFWVDQGKV&53OHYHOVPHDQ6' S PJ/ DUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQFUHDVHG ZKHQ FRPSDUHG WRFRQWUROVXEMHFWV2XUVWXG\DOVRVKRZHGDVLJQL¿FDQWQHJDWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ 2+YLW' DQG KV &53 OHYHOV U (p<0.01) Conclusion: Our study concludes that 25OH-vitaminD levels are VLJQL¿FDQWO\GHFUHDVHGDQGKV&53OHYHOVDUHLQFUHDVHGLQVXEMHFWV with essential hypertension. Our study also observed negative FRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQ2+YLW'DQGKV&53OHYHOVZKLFKOHDGVWR

FO5 Leptin in prehypertension and essential hypertension and it’s association with obesity Nelapati Swetha Vinela, M.Vijaya Baskar Dept. of Bio-Chemistry, Mamata Medical College, Khammam. Introduction: Over one billion individuals are affected by hypertension worldwide and estimated to reach upto 1.56 billion E\ WKH \HDU $FFRUGLQJ WR -1& K\SHUWHQVLRQ LV FODVVL¿HG into primary or essential hypertension and secondary hypertension. 2YHU RI SDWLHQWV ZLWK KLJK EORRG SUHVVXUH KDYH HVVHQWLDO +\SHUWHQVLRQ 3UHK\SHUWHQVLRQ LV QRW FRQVLGHUHG D GLVHDVH EXW LGHQWL¿HVWKRVHZKRDUHOLNHO\WRSURJUHVVWRVWDJHRUVWDJH+71 in the future. Activation of sympathetic nervous system is considered to have crucial function in the pathogenesis of hypertension among obese individuals. Leptin is a 167 amino acid harmone, produced by adipose tissue that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger. It also plays role in other physiological processes like sympathetic nerve system activation, renal hemodynamics, blood vessel tone and blood pressure.

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Aims and Objectives: The present study is aimed at evaluating WKH FOLQLFDO VLJQL¿FDQFH RI VHUXP OHSWLQ OHYHOV LQ WZR JURXSV prehypertension and essential hypertension. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from newly diagnosed 100 cases of prehypertension and 100 cases of essential hypertension.These groups are further subdivided into obese and non-obese based on waist circumference (WC) values. Leptin levels were quantitatively measured by ELISA assay. Statistical analysis was done by t- test. Results:7KHSUHVHQWVWXG\UHYHDOHGDVLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHLQVHUXP leptin levels in prehypertension when compared with essential hypertension. Elevated levels of leptin are observed in obese than in non-obese in both groups. Conclusion: As observed in our study evaluation of leptin levels may be useful in case of pre-hypertension and essential hypertension and obese subjects can be utilized for the management of above cases in reducing morbidity and mortality. Key Words: /HSWLQ 3UHK\SHUWHQVLRQ (VVHQWLDO +\SHUWHQVLRQ Obesity.

FO6 The microRNA 19b functions as an oncomir in chronic myeloid leukaemia Amit Samadhiya, Sameer Ahmad Guru, Prasant Yadav, Pooja Singh, Prakash ChandraRay Alpana Saxena Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India Introduction: Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is the ¿UVW OLQH WUHDWPHQW IRU &0/ +RZHYHU ,PDWLQLE KDV EHHQ IRXQG unable to completely eliminate leukemic stem cells, which escape Imatinib induced apoptosis. Oncomir-1 is a polycistronic micro RNA complex, which encodes six micro RNAs- miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-19b-1 and miR-92-1. Increased oncomir-1 H[SUHVVLRQ ZKLFK UHJXODWHV 0$3. SDWKZD\ DW YDULRXV OHYHOV DQG GLUHFWO\UHJXODWHVSUHDSRSWRWLFSURWHLQVFRQWDLQLQJ%+GRPDLQKDV been suggested as a reason for disease persistence and relapse of CML. Aims and objectives: This study evaluated the pathogenetic role of miR-19b component of miR-17-92 polycistron in CML. Methodology: We studied the expression of microRNA 19b in SHULSKHUDO EORRG PRQRQXFOHDU FHOOV 3%0&V RI &0/ FDVHV LQ chronic phase, recruited from Maulana Azad Medical College and associated hospitals, New Delhi, India, in comparison to 35 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. RNA was extracted from 3%0&V RI ERWK &0/ SDWLHQWV DQG FRQWUROV XVLQJ 7UL]RO UHDJHQW ([SUHVVLRQ VWXGLHV ZHUH SHUIRUPHG E\ 6<%5 JUHHQ EDVHG T57 3&5 DQG UHVXOWV ZHUH H[SUHVVHG DV PHDQ IROG FKDQJH ([SUHVVLRQ of miR-19b was measured on two occasions i.e. in newly diagnosed untreated CML patients, and after 6 months of therapy with Imatinib. Results:7KHH[SUHVVLRQRIPL5ELQ3%0&VRIXQWUHDWHG&0/ patients was up regulated with respect to healthy control subjects DW VWDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW OHYHOV S 7KHUH ZDV DOVR QR VLJQL¿FDQW DVVRFLDWLRQ RI PL5E H[SUHVVLRQ ZLWK SUHVHQFH RU

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absence of optimal hematological and molecular responses of CML patients to Imatinib therapy(p=1.00 and o.18 respectively). However importantly, a re-evaluation of miR19b levels after six PRQWKV WUHDWPHQW ZLWK ,PDWLQLE UHYHDOHG VWDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW down regulation of expression ,compared to the pre-therapy status(p <0.001). Conclusion: The miR-19b functions as an oncomir in the pathogenesis of CML.

FO7 &HUHEURVSLQDO ÀXLG K\DOXURQDQ QHXUR¿EURPDWRVLVW\SH

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Prasanth. A.S, Narendranath. Ashok Pillai Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi

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HXUR¿EURPDWRVLV 7\SH 1) RU FHQWUDO 1HXUR¿EURPDWRVLV is associated with the germline mutations of the gene NF2, causing three types of recurrent benign tumors restricted to central nervous system: schwannoma, meningioma and ependymoma. The absence of protein NF2/Merlin, a critical protein required for the inhibition of cell-proliferation cascade triggered by the interaction between an extra-cellular mucopolysaccharide, hyaluronan (HA), DQGVFKZDQQFHOOVXUIDFHUHFHSWRU&'KDVEHHQLGHQWL¿HGDVWKH central causative factor for schwannoma. There has been no similar PHFKDQLVP LGHQWL¿HG LQ RWKHU WXPRU W\SHV RI 1) $ SHFXOLDU pathophysiological feature of all the tumor types in NF-2 is their SUHVHQFH LQ DQG FRQWLQXRXV H[SRVXUH WR FHUHEURVSLQDO ÀXLG &6) We hypothesize that the CSF-HA has a central role in tumorigenesis of different tumors in NF-2. Using a cationic surface active agent, &7$%EDVHGWXUELGLPHWULFDVVD\ZHHVWLPDWHGWKHOHYHOVRIPHGLXP chain HA in CSF of three NF2 subjects and compared against that in age-sex matched healthy control subjects. There was at least seventeen-fold increase in HA levels in the CSF of NF-2 subjects compared to that of healthy subjects. Furthermore, using primary schwannoma cell culture, we have shown that schwannoma cells secrete medium chain HA, at a slower rate to C6 rat astrocytoma cells. Our preliminary studies have shown that CSF HA might have DVLJQL¿FDQWUROHLQWKHLQGXFWLRQDQGRUSUROLIHUDWLRQRI1)UHODWHG tumors. Further studies are needed to characterize HA in the CSF in order to identify its role of NF-2 tumorigenesis.

FO8 Altered expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolizing enzymes in oral cancer correlate with clinicopathological attributeS Ashok Kumar, Supriya Vishwakarma, Rahul Agrawal AIIMS and JNCHRC

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SKLQJRVLQHSKRVSKDWH63 DSRWHQWVLJQDOLQJOLSLGKDVEHHQ implicated in the several processes integral to carcinogenesis. 63OHYHOVDUHUHJXODWHGE\HLJKWHQ]\PHVLQFOXGLQJWZRVSKLQJRVLQH kinases (SphK1 and 6SK. ¿YH OLSLG SKRVSKDWDVHV WZR 63 SKRVSKDWDVHV DQG WKUHH OLSLG SKRVSKDWH SKRVSKDWDVHV DQG D 63 O\DVH ([FHSW IRU 6SK. WKH UROH RI 63 PHWDEROL]LQJ HQ]\PHV LQ oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been studied. We

GHWHUPLQHGWKHP51$H[SUHVVLRQSUR¿OHRIHLJKW63PHWDEROL]LQJ JHQHV6SK.6SK.63O\DVH6*3/ 6*336*33/33 33$3$ /33 33$3& DQG /33 33$%% DQG 6*33 WDUJHWLQJPLFUR51$PL51$S E\TXDQWLWDWLYHUHDOWLPH3&5 T573&5 LQWXPRUWLVVXHVDQGDGMDFHQWQRUPDOWLVVXHRI26&& patients. Then, we determined the correlation of gene expression with clinicopathological features of OSCC patients. Here, we demonstrate IRUWKH¿UVWWLPHWKDWWKHH[SUHVVLRQRI6SK.DQG6*33JHQHVZHUH XSUHJXODWHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQDQG26&&WXPRUVUHVSHFWLYHO\ ,PSRUWDQWO\H[SUHVVLRQOHYHOVRI6SK.DQG/3333$3% ZHUH GRZQUHJXODWHG LQ WXPRU WLVVXH RI RI 26&& SDWLHQWV )XUWKHU the expression of miRNA-95-3p was downregulated in OSCC WXPRUVVXJJHVWLQJLWVUROHLQWKHXSUHJXODWLRQRI6*33([SUHVVLRQ RI 6SK. DQG /33 QHJDWLYHO\ FRUUHODWHG ZLWK 710 VWDJLQJ DQG WXPRUYROXPHUHVSHFWLYHO\)XUWKHUPRUHZHGHPRQVWUDWHWKDW/33 is an independent predictor of TNM staging (?=-0.500, p=0.037); and lymph node ratio (?=-0.763, p=0.017). Taken together, our data VKRZWKDWJHQHH[SUHVVLRQRI63PHWDEROL]LQJHQ]\PHVLVDOWHUHG VLJQL¿FDQWO\LQ26&&WXPRUs.

FO9 %LQGLQJ DI¿QLW\ VWXGLHV RI DQWLSV\FKRWLF GUXJV ZLWK protein phosphatases by using auto dock vina Aravind P, Deepti C. Naik, Padmaj S. Kalgutkar, Preeti K. Patil, Sarojini R. Bulbule Nivedita Shireshi and Devaraju K S, Department of Biochemsitry, Karnatak University, Dharwad

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URWHLQ3KRVSKDWDVHVSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQQHXURQDOVLJQDOLQJ pathway by dephosphorylating the phospho substrate which bring about a modulation either inhibitory or excitatory neuronal transmission. Antipsychotic drugs are used in the treatment of disorders like Schizophrenia, bipolar and psychosis. These drugs apparently act on receptors and regulate the neuronal signaling. However the mechanism of action is not very clear as one such antipsychotic GUXJV VXFK DV 7ULÀXSHUD]LQH 7)= DFWV RQ FDOPRGXOLQ DQG DOVR LQKLELWVWKHFDOFLQHXULQ33% DFWLYLW\+HQFHLQWKHFXUUHQWVWXG\ ZHKDYHWULHGWRH[SORUHWKHELQGLQJDI¿QLWLHVRIWKUHH$QWLSV\FKRWLF GUXJV QDPHO\ 2ODQ]DSLQH &OR]DSLQH DQG WULÀXRSDUD]LQH ZLWK VL[ GLIIHUHQW3URWHLQ3KRVSKDWDVHVQDPHO\3333$33%33&33 DQG 33 7KHVH GUXJV ZHUH GRFNHG DW WKHLU DFWLYH VLWHV RI 3URWHLQ 3KRVSKDWDVHV XVLQJ WKH $XWRGRFN 9LQD VRIWZDUH 9 7KH binding energy (?G) scores for each of these drugs were determined. 7KH7)=H[KLELWVKLJKHVWELQGLQJDI¿QLW\ZLWK33%FRPSDUHWRDOO other protein phosphatases. Atypical antipsychotic drugs Clozapine VKRZHGWKHORZHVWELQGLQJDI¿QLW\ZLWK3333$33%DQG33 :KHUHDV2ODQ]DSLQHVKRZHGWKHORZHVWELQGLQJDI¿QLW\ZLWK33& DQG7ULÀXRSDUD]LQHZLWK33VXSSRVHWREHLQKLELWRURI33%$PRQJ all three drugs Clozapine showed the higher interaction with the SURWHLQ SKRVSKDWDVHV IDPLO\ 3333 DQG 33 )URP WKLV VWXG\ ZH can conclude that all antipsychotic drugs do exhibit some degree of DI¿QLW\WRZDUGVGLIIHUHQW3URWHLQSKRVSKDWDVHV

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FO10 Genetic polymorphism of TNF_, IL8 and IL18 among oral cancer with squamous cell carcinoma in North Indian population Dilutpal Sharma King Georg’s Medical University Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Environmental factors (such as tobacco, smoking, alcohol) and genetic alterations in oncogenes are associated with OSCC. Cytokines are essential for immune cell functions that act as mediators of cell-to-cell interactions. The role of cytokines has been extensively studied in various neoplastic disorders. Cytokines are abnormally produced by phagocytes cells and cancer FHOOV UHODWHG ZLWK WXPRUSURGXFLQJ F\WRNLQHV 3URLQÀDPPDWRU\ F\WRNLQHLVSOD\VDSLYRWDOUROHLQWKHSDWKRJHQHVLVRILQÀDPPDWRU\ diseases. It is also associated with thrombophilia, angiogenesis and cancer events to develop by the alteration of gene. Methods: A total number of two hundred seventy two patients ZLWK 26&& DQG RQH KXQGUHG HLJKW\ ¿YH KHDOWK\ FRQWUROV ZHUH recruited in this study for genotyped of TNF_, IL-8 and IL-18 gene polymorphism. This genotype were determine using polymerase FKDLQ UHDFWLRQ 3&5 UHVWULFWLRQ IUDJPHQW OHQJWK SRO\PRUSKLVP 5)/3 3&5ZDVSHUIRUPHGLQDJUDGLHQWWKHUPRF\FOHU$%,86$ Demographic, clinical data and genotype frequencies between groups were evaluated by Chi-square test and Odds ratio (OR) relative risk. Results: TNF-_*$SRO\PRUSKLVPZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\DVVRFLDWHG with OSCC patients as compared to healthy volunteers (p <0.05). 1R VLJQL¿FDQW DVVRFLDWLRQ ZDV IRXQG LQ 71)_-308G/A gene polymorphism with OSCC patients and controls. Whereas the AT heterozygous (p <0.001) and AA homozygous (p <0.001) of IL-8 (-251 A/T) had a greater risk for OSCC. IL-18 (–137) G/C JHQH SRO\PRUSKLVP ZDV DOVR VLJQL¿FDQWO\ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK 26&& (p<0.001) Conclusions: Our results suggest that TNF-_-238G/A, IL-8 (-251 $7 DQG ,/ *& JHQH SRO\PRUSKLVP LV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ associated with the progression of oral cancer whereas TNF-_ (-308) G/A and IL-18 (-607) C/A gene polymorphism is not associated with OSCC.

FO11 Synergistic effect of Bacopa monnieri and Mucuna pruriens in MPTP induced parkinsonian disorder: in-vivo study Shivani Pandey, Babita Singh, Rajesh Verma, R. K Chaturvedi, A.A.Mahdi. KGMU, Lucknow Background: 3DUNLQVRQ¶V GLVHDVH 3' UHVXOWV SULPDULO\ IURP WKH GHDWKRIGRSDPLQHUJLFQHXURQVLQVXEVWDQWLDQLJUD7UHDWPHQWRI3' has been shifted recently towards herbal medicines. Bacopa monnieri %0 DQGMucuna pruriens03 DUHWUDGLWLRQDOKHUEDOSODQWVNQRZQ WRKDYHQHXURSURWHFWLYHHIIHFWVGXHWRWKHSUHVHQFHRI%DFRVLGHVLQ whole plant extract of Bacopa monnieri%0( DQG/'23$LQ03 VHHGH[WUDFW03(

123

Objective of the study: In this study, the synergistic effect of %0(DQG03(LQ3DUNLQVRQLDQPLFHLQGXFHGE\FKURQLFH[SRVXUH WR PHWK\OSKHQ\O WHWUDK\GURS\ULGLQH 0373 ZDV evaluated. Materials and Methods: Study comprised of Twenty-Four Swiss DOELQR PLFH JPV JURXSHG DV IROORZV &RQWURO 0373 %0(03(DQG0373%0(03(PLFHLQHDFK ([SHULPHQWDO PLFH ZHUH JLYHQ PJNJ EZ RI 0373 IRU WZR ZHHNV DQG WKHQ VXEVHTXHQWO\ WUHDWPHQW RI %0( PJNJ ERG\ZHLJKW DQG RI 03( 48 mg/kg body weight orally for one month. After that, behavioral study was performed and assessment of neuroprotective effect was studied via biochemical analysis, Immunohistochemical parameter (which includes functional viability of dopaminergic neurons in substania nigra by using monoclonal antibody against TH) and m-RNA expression of alpha-synuclein gene in substantia nigra region of brain. Results:6\QHUJLVWLFWUHDWPHQWRI%0(DQG03(IRURQHPRQWKLQ 0373 WUHDWHG JURXS VLJQL¿FDQWO\ GHFUHDVHG WKH HOHYDWHG OHYHOV RI OLSLGSHUR[LGDWLRQDQGVKRZHGDVLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHLQVSRQWDQHRXV locomotor activity and grip strength test in behavioural tests. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity and alpha synuclein gene expression in the substantia nigra region of the brain was also found to be enchanced. Conclusion: The results suggest that synergistic treatment for one PRQWKV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LPSURYHG DOO WKH QHXURFKHPLFDO YDULDEOHV DQG SK\VLRORJLFDO DEQRUPDOLWLHV LQ 3' DV FRPSDUHG WR 0373 WUHDWHG group and offer promise as new strategy in the treatment of this neurodegenerative diseases. Keywords: Bacopa monnieri; Mucuna pruriens; Oxidative Stress; 7\URVLQH+\GUR[\ODVH3DUNLQVRQ¶V'LVHDVH6XEVWDQWLDQLJUD0RWRU Dysfunctions.

FO12 (YDOXDWLRQ RI FDUGLRPHWDEROLF SUR¿OH RI PDOH chronic opiate abusers at a tertiary care center Purvi Purohit, Naresh Nebhinani, Praveen Sharma Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Jodhpur Aims and Objectives: Coronary artery disease is one of the most common cause of death in opiate addicts and chronic use of opiates complicates the effects on cardiometabolic health. The study aims to observe the effect of chronic opiate abuse RQ FDUGLRPHWDEROLF SUR¿OH RI PDOH RSLDWH DEXVHU¶V ZLWKRXW DQ\ co-morbidities, from Western Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: The study included prospective 90 chronic opiate users with and without co-dependence of tobacco attending the de-addiction clinic at a tertiary care center and 30 healthy controls (HC). The subjects were VWXGLHGIRUPHWDEROLFV\QGURPHFRPSRQHQWVEDVHGRQ1&(3±$73± III criteria, IDF and WHO criteria. The blood samples were analysed IRUIDVWLQJEORRGVXJDULQVXOLQLQVXOLQUHVLVWDQFHOLSLGSUR¿OH+V &53DQGWRWDODQWLR[LGDQWVWDWXV

Ind J Clin Biochem

Results: The prevalence of MS recognized maximally by the 1&(3 $73 ,,, FULWHULD ZLWK KLJKHVW IUHTXHQF\ LQ RSLDWH VPRNH IUHH QLFRWLQH XVHUV IROORZHG E\ RSLDWH VPRNLQJ QLFRWLQH WKHQ pure opiate users and least in HC. One way ANOVA showed a VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH DFURVV JURXSV IRU %0, :+5 7&+ 7* +V&53 DQG 7$& )XUWKHU PXOWLSOH UHJUHVVLRQ DQDO\VLV FRQGXFWHG IRU FKURQLF RSLDWH XVHUV ZLWK 06 1&(3$73 ,,, FULWHULD VKRZHG +V&53DQG7$&ZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQGHSHQGHQWO\SUHGLFWHGE\DJH HGXFDWLRQGHSHQGHQFH\HDUV%0,:+56%3'%3)%6,QVXOLQ DQG/LSLGSUR¿OH3HDUVRQ¶VFRUUHODWLRQDQDO\VLVVKRZHGDVLJQL¿FDQW DVVRFLDWLRQRI7$&ZLWK%0,)%6,QVXOLQ,5DQG7*

Conclusion: 7&1JHQH613&!*LQFUHDVHVWKHULVNIRUVWURNH DVZHOODVK\SHUKRPRF\VWHLQHPLD6RWKLV613FRXOGEHDSRWHQWLDO candidate to be used for screening patients at risk for stroke and also a target for new drug development. However, further large scale SURVSHFWLYHVWXGLHVDUHQHHGHGWRVXEVWDQWLDWHRXU¿QGLQJV

Conclusions: Chronic opiate users should be routinely screened for traditional and novel cardio-metabolic risk factors to prevent future ULVNRI&$'VLQFHFKURQLFRSLDWHXVHFDQFDXVHVLJQL¿FDQWYDULDWLRQ LQFDUGLRPHWDEROLFSUR¿OH

Amit Kumar R, Bijju Pottakat and Balasubramaniyan V Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)

Keywords: Cardio-metabROLFULVN,QVXOLQUHVLVWDQFH+V&537RWDO antioxidant capacity.

FO13 Single nucleotide polymorphism in transcobalamin II gene: relationship with homocysteine concentration and risk of stroke in Indian population Anita Rani, Parmila Dudi, Geeta Kampani VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi Introduction: Single nucleotide polymorphism in transcobalamin II (TCN2) gene may alter the structure of transcobalamin (TCII) protein. TCII is a key protein involved in intracellular transport RI YLWDPLQ % 6R JHQHWLF YDULDWLRQ LQ 7&1 JHQH PD\ ORZHU FRQFHQWUDWLRQRILQWUDFHOOXODUYLWDPLQ%WKDWPD\UHVXOWLQHOHYDWHG KRPRF\VWHLQHOHYHOV+RPRF\VWHLQHLVDPRGL¿DEOHLQGHSHQGHQWULVN factor for stroke. Hence, the present study was undertaken to study the role of transcobalamin II gene polymorphism with the risk of stroke in Indian population. Objective: To explore the association of TCN2 gene polymorphism 776C-->G with homocysteine levels and susceptibility to stroke, if any. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted in 'HSDUWPHQWRI%LRFKHPLVWU\DQG0HGLFLQH900&DQG6-+1HZ Delhi which included 84 diagnosed cases of stroke and 70 healthy FRQWUROV7KHJHQRW\SLQJIRUWUDQVFREDODPLQ,,&!*613ZDV GRQHE\3&55)/3%LRFKHPLFDODVVD\IRUVHUXPYLWDPLQ%ZDV done by ELISA and for serum total homocysteine by Enzymatic Cycling method. Results: The risk of stroke due to a particular genotype of TCN2 JHQH613&!*ZDVDVVHVVHGE\RGGVUDWLRZKLFKVKRZHGWKDW subjects with GG genotype were at 2.5 times higher risk of developing VWURNHDVFRPSDUHGWR&&JHQRW\SH25 &, p-value<0.05). The genotype association analysis with median homocysteine levels showed that GG [17.5 (10.2-33) μmol/L] carries a risk for hyperhomocysteinemia as compared to CC [14.2 (10.118.8) μmol/L] and CG [14.3 (12.4-24) μmol/L]. However, vitamin %OHYHOZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHULQ&*JHQRW\SHZKHQFRPSDUHGWR the CC genotype.

FO14 Increased systemic zonnula occludens-1 associated ZLWK LQÀDPPDWLRQ DQG LQGHSHQGHQW ELRPDUNHUV LQ patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Background and Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a OHDGLQJ FDXVH RI FDQFHU GHDWK ZRUOGZLGH UHÀHFWLQJ LQFRPSOHWH characterization of underlying mechanisms and lack of early ELRFKHPLFDODQGPROHFXODUGHWHFWLRQ3UHYLRXVVWXGLHVKDYHVKRZQ evidence that tight junction (TJ) components were correlated with carcinogenesis and tumor development. Our aims are to determine WKH VHUXP OHYHOV RI WLJKW MXQFWLRQ SURWHLQ =RQXOD 2FFOXGHQV =2 DQG LQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHUV LQ +&& SDWLHQWV FRPSDUHG WR KHDOWK\ LQGLYLGXDOV DQG DOVR WR LGHQWLI\ WKH DVVRFLDWLRQ EHWZHHQ =2 DQG LQÀDPPDWLRQ LQ WKRVH SDWLHQWV 0HWKRGV +&& SDWLHQWV DQG KHDOWK\ LQGLYLGXDOV ZHUH HQUROOHG LQ WKH VWXG\ %ORRG =2 DQG KV&53ZHUHPHDVXUHGE\(/,6$ Result: Compared to healthy individuals, the levels of serum ALT, JDPPD*7DQG$/3ZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\3 HOHYDWHGZKLOVW serum albumin concentration was decreased in HCC patients. )XUWKHUPRUH WLJKW MXQFWLRQ SURWHLQ =2 OHYHOV ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ elevated in HCC patients compared to normal healthy volunteers YV SJPO UHVSHFWLYHO\ 3 7KH LQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHU KV&53 OHYHO ZDV IRXQG WR EH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ increased in HCC patients compared to healthy individuals YV PJ/ UHVSHFWLYHO\ 3 3RVLWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ ZDV DOVR IRXQG EHWZHHQ =2 DQG KV&53 U 3 Conclusion: 2XU¿QGLQJVVKRZIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHWKDWWKHV\VWHPLF FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI =2 ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ HOHYDWHG LQ +&& SDWLHQWV DQG LV SRVLWLYHO\ FRUUHODWHG ZLWK LQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHUV 7KXV RXU VWXG\ VKRZLQJ HYLGHQFH WKDW LQÀDPPDWLRQ SURPRWHV SODVPD =2 concentration and raises the possibility that it could be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for HCC progression.

FO15 Demonstration of resolution of amlodipine induced pedal edema by cilnidipine Kiran Shetty, Ranjan Shetty, Pragna Rao, Sravan Reddy KMC, Manipal University, Manipal Aim: To demonstrate the resolution of Amlodipine induced pedal edema by substitution of Cilnidipine with an adequate hypertension control. Materials and methods: This was a prospective, Interventional study. Conducted at the tertiary care center in south India. A total

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number of 66 (n = 66) patients with essential hypertension with the amlodipine-induced edema of both genders, attending the outpatient department of medicine and cardiology, were included in the study. $PORGLSLQH LQGXFHG SHGDO HGHPD ZDV FRQ¿UPHG E\ YDULRXV WHVWV After the Initial screening, amlodipine therapy was substituted to &LOQLGLSLQHZLWKDQHI¿FDF\HTXLYDOHQWGRVH&OLQLFDODQGELRFKHPLFDO parameters measured at the onset of the study and reassessed after 4 weeks of Cilnidipine therapy.

FO17

Results: At the end of the study, amlodipine-induced pedal edema ZDV FRPSOHWHO\ UHVROYHG LQ DOO WKH SDWLHQWV 7KHUH ZDV D VLJQL¿FDQW GHFUHDVH LQ YDQLOO\O PDQGHOLF DFLG 90$ DQG 3 ZKLFK LV end metabolite of catecholamine. There was a substantial reduction LQ ELODWHUDO DQNOH FLUFXPIHUHQFH %RG\ ZHLJKW DQG %0, 3 7KHUHZDVDVLJQL¿FDQWGHFUHDVHLQEORRGSUHVVXUHDQGSXOVHUDWH3 <0.001).

Introduction: 3UHYHQWLRQ RI GLDEHWHV DQG LWV DVVRFLDWHG EXUGHQ primarily cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, has become a major health issue worldwide. The present study was undertaken to assess the changes in insulin sensitivity and endothelial functions status well before the onset of diabetes in population with high degree of positive family history for diabetes and trying to understand the SRVVLEOH UROH DQG LQÀXHQFH RI DGLSRF\WRNLQHV LQ WKLV SRSXODWLRQ LQ initiating the lead towards developing diabetes in near future.

Conclusion: Cilnidipine therapy lead to a complete resolution of amlodipine-induced edema, along with a better hypertension control. Cilnidipine is decreasing the release of catecholamine by inhibiting N-type of calcium channels at the neuronal terminal. Cilnidipine is a suitable alternative antihypertensive medication for patients with the amlodipine-induced edema.

Insulin sensitivity and endothelial dysfunction among offsprings of type 2 diabetes mellitus Deepa K, Meera S, Shubha Jayaram, Sunitha, Savitha Nageshappa, Srikanta, Sudhir Mysore Medical College and Research Institute

Objectives: 1.To estimate the levels of serum Adiponectin, Insulin, +20$ ,5 DQG SODWHOHW GHULYHG PLFURSDUWLFOHV 3VHOHFWLQ &'3 levels in offspring of type 2 Diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: $PORGLSLQH&LOQLGLSLQH9DQLOO\O0DQGHOLF$FLG3HGDO Edema

7R FRPSDUH WKH OHYHOV RI VHUXP $GLSRQHFWLQ ZLWK WKH %ORRG JOXFRVH/LSLGSUR¿OH+E$FKV&53,QVXOLQDQG3VHOHFWLQOHYHOV

FO16

Material and Methods: It is a cross sectional study. The healthy volunteers who are aged between 18- 22 years of either sex, studying DW XQGHU RXU LQVWLWXWLRQV QDPHO\ *RYW 0HGLFDO *RYW 3DUDPHGLFDO and Nursing sciences were selected based on their family history of diabetes, and was be assigned into two groups. Group-1(n=95) was those individuals with both parents are non diabetic &non hypertensive. Group 2(n=95), was those individuals whose one/ both parent with type-2 diabetes mellitus. 5ml of fasting venous sample ZDVFROOHFWHGLQ('7$WXEHV 3ODLQFORWDFWLYDWRUWXEHVDQGVHUXP ZDV DQDO\]HG LPPHGLDWHO\ IRU JOXFRVH OLSLG SUR¿OH KV&53 $ liquate of serum was stored under -70° C for Insulin, Adiponectin DQG3VHOHFWLQDQGDQDO\VHGE\(/,6$6WDWLVWLFDO$QDO\VLVZDVGRQH XVLQJ6366YHUVLRQWRVHHWKHVLJQL¿FDQFH3HDUVRQVFRUUHODWLRQ and students independent t test was used.

Organochlorine pesticides load in chronic kidney GLVHDVHSDWLHQWVUROHRIJORPHUXODU¿OWUDWLRQUDWHDQG polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes Sudip Kumar Datta Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

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ill date there is no clear answer regarding whether high levels RI RUJDQRFKORULQH SHVWLFLGHV 2&3 IRXQG DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK chronic kidney disease (CKD) cause kidney damage or they get accumulated due to falling glomerular function rate (GFR). We have REVHUYHGWKDWEORRG2&3OHYHOVDVDQDO\]HGE\JDVFKURPDWRJUDSK\ VKRZ VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU OHYHOV LQ &.' SDWLHQWV 6SHDUPDQ¶V FRUUHODWLRQ DQDO\VLV RI 2&3 OHYHOV ZLWK H*)5 H[KLELW VLJQL¿FDQW QHJDWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ IRU PRVW LQGLYLGXDO 2&3V ZKLFK SHUVLVW HYHQ DIWHU VWDWLVWLFDO DGMXVWPHQWV IRU DJH VH[ %0, WRWDO FKROHVWHURO and triglycerides. Another of our studies pointed out association of KLJKHU2&3ORDGVLQSDWLHQWVZLWKJHQHWLFSRO\PRUSKLVPVLQYROYLQJ &<3$6XEMHFWVFDUU\LQJDWOHDVWRQHPXWDQWDOOHOHRI&<3$ $ (TC, CC) and *2C (AG, GG) were found to have a modest rise of odds (1.4–2) of association with CKD. However, genotypic combinations RI KHWHURKRPR]\JRXV PXWDQWV ZHUH IRXQG WR EH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ associated with CKD with odds ratios ranging from 1.8–3. We have also analyzed genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in these patients. We observed that, double deletion or GSTM1 (-) / GSTT1 (-) genotype was associated with 1.8-fold higher odds of DVVRFLDWLRQZLWK&.'FRPSDUHGWRZLOGJHQRW\SHVLH*670 *677 /RJLVWLF UHJUHVVLRQ DQDO\VLV E\ WDNLQJ ZLOG JHQRW\SHV *670 *677 DVUHIHUHQFHUHYHDOHGWKDWLQ&.'SDWLHQWV VHYHUDOSHVWLFLGHVVKRZHGVLJQL¿FDQWDVVRFLDWLRQZLWKHLWKHUQXOORU both null genotypes. The above results suggest that decreasing GFR and genetic polymorphisms involving xenobiotic metabolising genes ERWKSOD\DUROHLQDFFXPXODWLRQRI2&3VLQ&.'SDWLHQWV

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Results: 7KH VWXG\ VKRZHG D VLJQL¿FDQW GHFUHDVH LQ VHUXP $GLSRQHFWLQDQGLQFUHDVHLQVHUXP,QVXOLQ+20$,5 3VHOHFWLQ levels in the offspring of type 2 diabetes with mean and standard GHYLDWLRQ RI DQG respectively when compared with non-diabetic offsprings with mean DQG VWDQGDUG GHYLDWLRQ RI UHVSHFWLYHO\7KHYDOXHRI3HDUVRQ¶VFRUUHODWLRQZKHQ FRPSDUHG $GLSRQHFWLQ ZLWK JOXFRVH KV&53 +'/ 7ULJO\FHULGH &KROHVWHURO /'/ 9/'/ +%$& ,QVXOLQ DQG 36HOHFWLQ ZDV -0.126,-0.151, 0.558, 0.013, 0.067, -0.101, 0.04, -0.45, 0.54 and UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KHUH ZDV VLJQL¿FDQW SRVLWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ between adiponectin with Insulin, HDL and negative correlation with HbA1C. Conclusion: *HQHWLF SUHGLVSRVLWLRQ IRU GLDEHWHV PD\ LQÀXHQFH adiponectin gene expression leading to decrease in its plasma concentration, which might play a key role in developing diabetes in near future.

Ind J Clin Biochem

FO18

FO19

Detection of hemoglobinopathies and thalassaemia in Delhi Punjab and Haryana using CE-HPLC: study on 8240 subjects

Evaluation of endosulfan-mediated oxidative stress and DNA damage in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells

Naresh Kumar Kuchhal, Sachin Aggarwal, Vijay Jha

Manushi Siddarth, Rishila Ghosh, Pawan Kumar Kare, Neeru Singh, Basu D Banerjee and Ashok K Tripathi University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) , G.T.B. Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi

Introduction and Background: Hereditory disorders of Hb mainly includes hemoglobinothies and thalassaemia.Early and accurate detection of these disorders are immensely important both epidemiology and economically. These disorders can be prevented simply by population screening using Cation exchange +LJK SHUIRUPDQFH OLTXLG FKURPDWRJUDSK\ &(+3/& D WHFKQLTXH introduced for the accurate and quick screening of hemoglobinopathies and thalassaemias.Worldwide, approximately 250 million people FRQVWLWXWLQJ RI WKH ZRUOG SRSXODWLRQ FDUU\ EHWD WKDODVVHPLF gene and in India alone, the number is approximately 30 million with LQ6RXWK(DVW$VLD6LPLODUO\WKHEXUGHQRIKDHPRJORELQRSDWKLHV in India is high with nearly 12,000 infants being born every year with severe disorders. These numbers imply that every hour 1 child is born, who may suffer with this genetic disorder. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the spectrum and frequency of various hemoglobinopathies and thalassaemia in the main city 'HOKL DQG DGMRQLQJ VWDWHV RI +DU\DQD DQG 3XQMDE IURP ZKHUH ZH have been receiving the maximum number of blood samples for Hemoglobinopathies sceening . Material and Methods: The present single centre %,2',$*1267,&652+,1, UHWURVSHFWLYHFURVVVHFWLRQDOVWXG\ was carried out on 8240 subjects which included 7860 antenatal mothers and 380 males The Study centre is a private lab specialized LQGRLQJ,PPXQR$VVD\V+3/&DQG0ROHFXODU%LRORJ\VLQFH LQ'HOKLDW52+,1,7KHODELVDSSURYHGE\%$5&IRUGRLQJ5,$ The whole blood samples were received in K3 EDTA vacutainers and were analysed on the same day in a batch of 10-20 sample DIWHU UHFHLYLQJ &%& µV ZHUH GRQH RQ .; 6\VPH[ FRURUDWLRQ DQG+3/&ZHUHGRQHRQ'2%LR5DGIXOO\DXWRPDWHG$QDO\]HU 7KH SHULRG RI VWXG\ ZDV IURP $SULO WR )HE 3DWLHQWV with a recent history of blood transfusion were excluded from this study. Results and Discussion: Out of 8240 subjects were screened during WKHSHULRGRIDSSUR[LPDWHO\WKUHH\HDUVIZKLFK ZHUH DQWHQDWDOPRWKHUVDQG PDOHV$OPRVWDOOWKHVXEMHFWVZHUH +LQGX2YHUDOOZHUHQRUPDO ZKLOH ZHUH DEQRUPDO RI ZKLFK ZHUH IHPDOHV DQG ZHUH males. Among the abnormal cases we have detected, 440 cases(400 IHPDOH PDOH RIEHWDWKDODVVHPLDPLQRU%77 FDVHV RI+E'3XQMDE DQGFDVHV RI+E(KHWHUR]\JRXV FDVHV RI +E - 0HHUXW FDVH RI +E 4 ,QGLD DQGFDVH RI+E',UDQFDVHVRIEHWDWKDODVVDHPLDPDMRU FDVHV RI VLFNOH FHOO GLVHDVH FDVHV RI GRXEOH KHWHUR]\JRXVRIEHWDWKDOZLWKVLFNOH DQGFDVHV+E(ZLWK EHWDWKDO &(+3/&LVDVHQVLWLYHTXLFNDQGDFFXUDWHPHWKRG for screening hemoglobinopathies Conclusion: 7KHVWXG\LQGLFDWHVWKDWWKHUHLVKLJKSUHYDOHQFHRI%77 DQG+E'3XQMDELQWKHVWDWHRI'HOKL3XQMDEDQG+DU\DQD

Introduction: Increased blood levels of endosulfan have been reported in chronic kidney disease patients of unknown etiology &.'X DQG DOVR REVHUYHG VLJQL¿FDQW DVVRFLDWLRQ RI HQGRVXOIDQ levels with oxidative stress and CKDu. (Siddarth et al., Chemosphere 96 (2014); 174-179). Aim and objective: In this study we investigated the basis of endosulfan-mediated nephrotoxicity in vitro by assessing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, GSH levels, Caspase-3 activity and DNA damage in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) exposed to endosulfan with possible ameliorating effect of N-acetylcysteine. Materials and methods: HK-2 cells (CRL-2190,ATCC,USA), were treated with increasing concentration of endosulfan (010μM) (Sigma,USA). Cell cytotoxicity was measured by MTT DVVD\ 526 OHYHO ZDV GHWHUPLQHG E\ PHDVXULQJ ÀXRUHVFHQFH RI GLFKORURÀXRUHVFHLQ '&) ZKLFK LV D K\GURO\]HG SURGXFW RI H2DCF-DA. GSH level and Caspase-3 activity were evaluated by VSHFWURÀXRURPHWULF PHWKRG XVLQJ VWDQGDUG SURWRFRO '1$ GDPDJH was measured by comet assay. Results: Endosulfan was found to decrease in cell viability in a dose dependent manner. Endosulfan exposure also led to dose-dependent increase of ROS and depletion of GSH levels in HK-2 cells. In the presence of antioxidants n-acetylcysteine or glutathione inhibition of ROS generation observed. The activity of caspase-3 was observed increased with the exposure of increased concentration of endosulfan. Results from comet assays revealed that endosulfan showed the ability to increase the levels of DNA strand breaks in HK-2 cells. Conclusion: The results indicating that oxidative stress precedes cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, and plays an important role regarding the mechanisms involved in endosulfan induced nephrotoxicity. The results obtained may be extrapolated towards possible mechanism of renal dysfunction in CKDu patients having increased level of endosulfan.

FO20 Role of advanced glycation end products on NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production in endothelial cells Pawan Kumar Kare, Manushi Siddarth, Rishila Ghosh, Neeru Singh, Basu Dev Banerjee, Om Prakash Kalra, Vinod Kumar Arora, Ashok Kumar Tripathi University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi Introduction: Hyperglycemia mediated advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation is the one of the major factor leading to

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vascular complications. The interaction of AGEs with its receptor; RAGE on endothelial cells enhanced the intracellular reactive oxygen VSHFLHV 526 SURGXFWLRQ WKURXJK DFWLYDWLRQ RI 1$'3+ R[LGDVH which promotes the endothelial dysfunction. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ramipril and angiotensin II receptor blocker; losartan have been reported to possess vascular protective effects. Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to explore the effect of advanced glycation end products on ROS production and 1$'3+R[LGDVHSSKR[VXEXQLWP51$H[SUHVVLRQLQHQGRWKHOLDO cells. Also assessment of ameliorating action of ramipril and losartan RQ$*(PHGLDWHG526SURGXFWLRQYLD1$'3+R[LGDVH Material and Methods: The cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with 200 μg/ml of advanced glycation end products-bovine serum albumin (AGE%6$ DQG XQPRGL¿HG %6$ LQ WKH VDPH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ IRU KUV The HUVEC cells also co-treated with drugs namely; ramipril (5 μM) and losartan (5 μM). ROS generation was assessed by using ¶¶GLFKORURGLK\GURÀXRUHVFHLQ GLDFHWDWH +'&)'$ PHWKRG 1$'3+ R[LGDVH SSKR[ VXEXQLW P51$ H[SUHVVLRQ ZDV DVVHVVHG E\XVLQJUHDOWLPH3&5 Results: $ VLJQL¿FDQW LQFUHDVHG S 526 SURGXFWLRQ ZDV REVHUYHG DW D FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI JPO RI $*(%6$ ZKHQ FRPSDUHGZLWKXQWUHDWHGFRQWUROFHOOVDQGXQPRGL¿HG%6$1$'3+ R[LGDVHP51$H[SUHVVLRQLQ+89(&FHOOVZDVIRXQGVLJQL¿FDQWO\ increased (p<0.05) 1.9 fold after 24 hrs. treatment with AGE%6$ DV FRPSDUHG WR XQPRGL¿HG %6$ 5DPLSULO DQG ORVDUWDQ ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ S VFDYHQJHG WKH SURGXFWLRQ RI 526 DQG ZHUH DOVRVLJQL¿FDQWO\GHFUHDVHGS WKH1$'3+R[LGDVHSSKR[ subunit expression. Conclusion: The present in vitro study is signifying the role of advanced glycation end products in enhanced ROS generation by DFWLYDWLRQ RI 1$'3+ R[LGDVH LQ HQGRWKHOLDO FHOOV 5DPLSULO DQG losartan may attenuate the AGE-mediated endothelial dysfunction by

FO21 ROS mediated pro-apoptotic effects of Tinospora cordifolia on breast cancer cells Mohammad Kaleem Ahmad, Jamal Akhtar Ansari,Namrata Rastogi, Abbas Ali Mahdi Abdul Rahman Khan, Ravi Thakur,Vikas Kumar Srivastava, Durga Prasad Mishra, Nishat Fatima, Homa Jilani Khan, Mohammad Waseem King George’s Medical University, Lucknow

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reast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among women worldwide. The unmanageable side effects and inevitable development of chemoresistance are the major therapeutic challenges in its management. Since a few decades of exploration of novel drugs against breast cancer, numerous preclinical studies have VKRZQHI¿FDF\RIQDWXUDOSODQWVEDVHGSURGXFWVDJDLQVWEUHDVWFDQFHU In the present study we have evaluated the effect of chloroform fraction of Tinospora cordifolia (TcCF), an Ayurvedic medicinal plant, on breast cancer cells and found its growth inhibitory activity RQ EUHDVW FDQFHU FHOO OLQHV 0'$0% DQG 0&) 7F&)

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treatment decreased the colony formation ability of breast cancer cells implicating its anti-proliferating property. During mechanistic studies we found that TcCF induced growth inhibition was a consequence of its ability to induce apoptosis in these cells. More interestingly we also observed that TcCF treatment increased the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells. Inhibition of ROS reversed TcCF induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells thereby emphasizing the role ROS in TcCF induced breast cancer cell death. Furthermore, apart from ROS generation TcCF treatment altered the expression of pro and anti-apoptotic factors in both the breast cancer cell lines favoring the pro-apoptotic condition. /DVWO\ RXU +3/& DQDO\VLV IRU ELRFKHPLFDO FRPSRQHQW HVWLPDWLRQ showed the presence of pharmacologically active compounds like rutin and quercetin with which can be attributed to the anti-cancer property of TcCF against breast cancer cells. Our study suggested that TcCF contained phytochemicals which may have anti-cancer properties against breast cancer cells.

FO22 Hepcidin and its role in chronic anemia in patients with SLE K. Neeraja, Rachel Jacob, Krishna Mohan, Rajendra Varaprasad Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telengana. Introduction: Hepcidin is a small peptide hormone that functions both as a homeostatic regulator of iron metabolism and a mediator RI LQÀDPPDWLRQ ,QÀDPPDWLRQ LV NQRZQ WR FDXVH DQ LQFUHDVH LQ intracellular iron by iron sequestration, increased ferritin synthesis with less iron available for Hemoglobin production. Objective: To investigate the relationship of hepcidin, with the anemia markers in SLE patients associated with chronic anemia. Materials and Methods: A study of 30 SLE patients (as per SLICC criteria of 2012) with anemia (Hb < 10g/dl) and 30 sex and age matched controls was conducted. Anemia markers {transferrin, IHUULWLQ,PPXQRWXUELGLPHWULF LURQFRORULPHWULF 7,%&` KV &531,3,$ DQG KHSFLGLQ E\ (/,6$ ZHUH DVVD\HG DQG DQDO\]HG ,URQ'H¿FLHQF\$QHPLD,'$ SDWLHQWVZHUHH[FOXGHG Results: $ VLJQL¿FDQW GHFUHDVH LQ +E S 5%& FRXQW S ,URQ S 7,%& S 7UDQVIHUULQ S ZLWK VLJQL¿FDQW LQFUHDVH LQ KV&53 S DQG (65 S LQ SDWLHQWV ZDV QRWHG %RWK +HSFLGLQ S DQG)HUULWLQS VLJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVHGLQSDWLHQWV+HSFLGLQ KV&53 DQG (65 SRVLWLYHO\ FRUUHODWHG U ZLWK IHUULWLQ ZKLOH +HPRJORELQ 7,%& DQG WUDQVIHUULQ QHJDWLYHO\ correlated (r= -0.722, -0.654, -0.728) with ferritin; on ROC analysis ERWK KHSFLGLQ DQG IHUULWLQ KDYH VHQVLWLYLW\ RI VSHFL¿FLW\ RI DWFXWRIIYDOXHVRIQJPODQGQJPOUHVSHFWLYHO\$8& of hepcidin was 0.993 and ferritin was 0.978. Conclusion: Hepcidin and Ferritin provided the highest diagnostic accuracy to discriminate between IDA and ACD, with a high VHQVLWLYLW\ DQG VSHFL¿FLW\ ,QÀDPPDWLRQ LQFUHDVHV KHSFLGLQ OHYHOV which cause increase in levels of ferritin as acute phase reactant and together cause anemia in SLE. Hepcidin estimation will help early detection of anemia and institution of therapy.

Ind J Clin Biochem

FO23 Estimation of thyroid function tests and type 2 deiodinase gene polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Smita Gawandi, Savita Kulkarni, J. Kumarasamy, S. Cherian BARC Hospital, Mumbai Introduction: Thyroid diseases (TD) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are the two most common endocrine disorders. A variety of TD may coexist and interact with DM and its presence is left undiagnosed as their symptoms overlap. The undiagnosed TD can interfere in the diabetes management and increase the related complications warranting regular screening of TD in DM. Further, as Thr92Ala polymorphism in type 2 deiodinase gene is one of the factors linked with co-existence of DM and TD, its screening in diabetic patients will help in determination of their susceptibility towards development of TD. Materials and Methods: TFTs viz. T4, T3, TSH, FT4, AMA and insulin levels were estimated in diabetic patients (n=66) as well as in controls (n=50) by using RIA and IRMA kits. The genomic DNA was extracted from the diabetic patients for screening of Thr92Ala JHQHSRO\PRUSKLVP3&5LVFDUULHGRXWIRUGHWHFWLRQRI7KU$OD polymorphism. Results and Conclusion: Forty-four percent of the diabetic patients showed abnormal TFTs. The mean TSH and AMA were VLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQGLDEHWLFSDWLHQWVDVFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROVZLWK SDWLHQWV VKRZLQJ VLPXOWDQHRXV HOHYDWHG OHYHOV IRU ERWK 7KH RYHUDOO SUHYDOHQFH RI$0$ ZDV DQG RI WKH SDWLHQWV showed TSH levels in subclinical hypothyroid range. Hence, it is imperative to detect subclinical advancement in TD in DM before it reaches a clinical stage for better management of these endocrine co-morbidities. The diabetic patients are being screened for Thr92Ala gene polymorphism to determine its relationship with the co-existence of TD and DM

FO24 Development of in-house radioassay kit for antithyroglobulin autoantibody and its comparison with different methods Chandrakala Gholve, J Kumarasamy, Archana Damle, Savita Kulkarni, MGR Rajan BARC Hospital, Mumbai Introduction: Anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) are not only seen in autoimmune thyroid diseases but are also seen in high SHUFHQWDJH RI SDWLHQWV ZLWK GLIIHUHQWLDWHG WK\URLG FDQFHU '7& ,W LQWHUIHUHV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ZLWK VHUXP WK\URJOREXOLQ 7J measurements, used as a tumor marker in the follow-up of DTC patients. Aims and Objectives: To rule out possible interference of TgAb in Tg assay, it is advisable to measure TgAb levels simultaneously.

Hence, we developed a solid-phase radioassay and compared it with different methods used for estimation of TgAb. Materials and Methods: Four TgAb assays namely, in-house GHYHORSHGVROLGSKDVHUDGLRDVVD\635 DQGOLTXLGSKDVHUDGLRDVVD\ /35 DQG FRPPHUFLDO DQWLK7J ,50$ NLW ,PPXQRWHFK )UDQFH and agglutination (Serodia-ATG, Japan) were evaluated for their reference interval, method agreement and diagnostic concordance. Results: Upper 95th percentile values for TgAb were 52 IU/mL and ,8P/ IRU 635 DQG ,PPXQRWHFK NLW UHVSHFWLYHO\ ,Q /35 WR ERXQGUDGLRDFWLYLW\ZDVFRQVLGHUHGQHJDWLYH)RUDJJOXWLQDWLRQ test 1/100 value was considered to be positive. TgAb methods were compared with each other and regression equations were determined. ,QFRQWUROJURXS635/35DQG$JJOXWLQDWLRQKDGFRQFRUGDQFHDW DQG UHVSHFWLYHO\ ZKHUHDV LQ '7& SRSXODWLRQ 635 /35 DQG$JJOXWLQDWLRQ KDG FRQFRUGDQFH DW DQG UHVSHFWLYHO\ZLWK,PPXQRWHFKPHWKRG Conclusions: In-house developed solid-phase radioassay showed excellent correlation (r=0.99) with Immunotech kit with good sensitivity hence can be used for screening of TgAb in DTC patients thereby replacing commercial kit.

FO25 Prediction of renal injury risk by gene expressions of KIM-1 and NGAL inType II diabetic nephropathy Khot VV, Yadav Ks D Y Patil University, Navi Mumbai Introduction: $ERXW WR 7\SH GLDEHWHV 7'0 DQG 7\SH GLDEHWHV 7'0 VXIIHU IURP NLGQH\ 8QFRQWUROOHG diabetes develops end stage renal disease (ESRD) which required kidney transplantation, haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Early kidney injury can be prevented by evaluating gene expressions (KIM1, NGAL) in T2DM with microalbuinuria subjects. Kidney Injury Molecule (KIM1) is a glycoprotein appears at high levels after ischemic or toxic kidney injury. NGAL is a lipocalin protein, expressed in several human tissues, including kidney. Therefore KIM1 and NGAL expressions may help predict riskof kidney injury. Methodology: This study includes 241 subjects, including healthy control, recruited after screening forT2DM by measurement of )%6 33%6 JO\FRV\ODWHG KDHPRJORELQ DQG PLFURDOEXPLQ 6XEMHFWV were randomised after ethical approval, written consent following inclusion/exclusion criteria. Categorization of subjects was done on WKHEDVLVRI7'0GXUDWLRQ\HDUV+E$FZLWK)%6 PJGODQGPLFURDOEXLQXULD%ORRGVDPSOHVZHUHSURFHVVHGIRURWKHU UHQDOSDUDPHWHUV UW3&5WRFKHFNH[SUHVVLRQVRI.,0DQG1*$/ Results: In study groups all renal parameters are within normal range except albumin creatinine ratio (p =.012) & e-GFR (p=.00). Other renal parameters showed marginal VLJQL¿FDQFH ZLWKLQ DQG EHWZHHQ WKH JURXSV .,0 DQG 1*$/ VKRZHGKLJKGHJUHHRIVLJQL¿FDQFHS Conclusion: It was concluded that biochemical renal parameters DUH QRW HQRXJK WR SUHYHQW '1 HYHQ LQ PLFURDOEXLQXULD %XWJHQH H[SUHVVLRQV RI .,0 DQG 1*$/ KHOSV WR ¿QG RXW WKH VWDWXV RI kidney function & help to predict risk of diabetic nephropathy. Keywords: Type II Diabetes mellitus, diabetes nephropathy, gene expressions (KIM1 & NGAL), excretory renal parameters.

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FO26 9LWDOLW\ RI SURLQÀDPPDWRU\ F\WRNLQH VFDYHQJHU protein and atherosclerotic plaque markers in risk prediction of diabetic nephropathy Yadav KS1* , Khot VV1 1 School of Medicine, D Y Patil University, Navi Mumbai, India Introduction: $ERXW WR 7\SH GLDEHWHV 7'0 VXIIHU IURP NLGQH\ IDLOXUH 3DWLHQWV ZLWK XQFRQWUROOHG GLDEHWHV develop ESRDrequire kidney transplantation, haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Early detection of kidney injury by evaluating gene expressions of IL-6, IL-10 CD36 and LDLr in T2DM with microalbuminuria minimizes the risk of DN. Methods: This study includes 241 subjects were included after screening for T2DM by measurement of blood glucose in fasting, post-prandial, glycosylated haemoglobin and microalbumin. Subjects were randomised after written consent and enrolled as per inclusion/ exclusion criteria. Categorization of subjects in three study groups were done on the basis of T2DM duration 3-5 years, Glycosylated KDHPRJORELQOHYHO+E$F ZLWKIDVWLQJEORRGJOXFRVH PJGO DQG PLFURDOEXLQXULD PJGO LQ VWXG\ JURXS %ORRG samples were processed for other renal parameters (photometric DVVD\ UW3&5WRFKHFNH[SUHVVLRQVRI,/,/&'DQG/'/U Results: Data was analysed by R-software and observed that all renal and lipid parameters found within normal range except albumin/ creatinine ratio (p =.012), e-GFR (p =.00) and cholesterol (p =.00). 'HVFULSWLYH SRVW KRF DQDO\VLV VKRZHG KLJK VLJQL¿FDQFHS IRU IL-6, IL-10 and CD36, LDLr in microalbuinuria subjects. Conclusion: It was concluded that renal and lipid parameters are not enough to prevent DN even in microalbuminuria. Early detection of gene expressions of IL-6, IL-10 and CD36, LDLr predict risk of NLGQH\LQMXU\7KHUHIRUHSURLQÀDPPDWRU\,O,/ DQGVFDYHQJHU atherosclerotic (CD-36, LDLr) expression may help to predict risk of DN and prevent morbidity & mortality of kidney. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, microalbuminuria, gene expressions, risk prediction

FO27 'RHVYLWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\DQGUHQDOG\VIXQFWLRQSOD\ a role in the pathogenesis of Fluorotoxic Metabolic Bone Disease (FMBD) Bondu Joseph Dian, R. Selvakumar, Fleming, Jude Joseph Christian Medical College, Vellore Aim: 7KHVWXG\DLPHGDWVWXG\LQJWKHUROHRIÀXRULGHLQUHQDOWXEXODU GDPDJHDQGWKHUROHRIYLWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\LQWKHSDWKRJHQHVLVRI )0%' Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were GLYLGHGLQWRJURXSVQ JURXSVUHFHLYHG9LWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQW diet whereas the other 3 groups were fed Vitamin D replete (control) GLHW6HUXPOHYHOVRI2+'FDOFLXPSKRVSKRUXVFUHDWLQLQH$/3 DOEXPLQ37+2VWHRFDOFLQDQG&7;ZHUHPHDVXUHGDIWHUH[SRVLQJ UDWVWRYDULHGOHYHOVRIÀXRULGHLQGULQNLQJZDWHU)XOOERG\'(;$ scans were used to examine changes in bone morphology pre and

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SRVWH[SRVXUHWRÀXRULGH5HQDOIXQFWLRQZDVDVVHVVHGE\PHDVXULQJ VHUXPFUHDWLQLQHXULQHÀXRULGHDQG&\VWDWLQ&+LVWRSDWKRORJLFDOH[amination of sections of bone and kidney tissue was also performed. Results: '(;$ VFDQV UHYHDOHG D VLJQL¿FDQW GHFUHDVH LQ WKH %0' DQG%0&S EXWVLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHLQIDWPDVVS DQG IDWSHUFHQWDJHS LQ9LWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQWUDWVSUHH[SRVXUHWR ÀXRULGHZLWKQRVLJQL¿FDQWFKDQJHLQELRFKHPLFDOSDUDPHWHUV7KH %0'RIWKHFRQWUROJURXSVDQGWKH9LWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQWJURXSVLQFUHDVHG S ZLWK WKH LQFUHDVLQJ OHYHOV RI ÀXRULGH LQ GULQNLQJ ZDWHU 6HUXP $/3 ERQH ÀXRULGH FRQWHQW 2VWHRFDOFLQ &7; DQG XULQHÀXRULGHLQFUHDVHGZLWKLQFUHDVLQJOHYHOVRIÀXRULGHLQGULQNLQJ water. Serum creatinine and cystatin C levels showed a mild increase DPRQJ UDWV WUHDWHG ZLWK KLJK OHYHOV RI ÀXRULGH /LJKW PLFURVFRSLF examination revealed mild thickening and increased osteoid in most RIWKH9LWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQWUDWVH[SRVHGWRKLJKOHYHOVRIÀXRride. Renal tubular changes were found only in two rats (one from each group.) Conclusion: Fluoride affects osteoblastic activity and predisposes to GHSRVLWLRQRIÀXRULGHLQERQH7KHVHHIIHFWVDUHDFFHQWXDWHGLQWKH SUHVHQFHRI9LWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\

FO28 Isolation and characterization of a compound from the leaves of Abrus precatorius linnaeus responsible for body weight loss in albino rats Tanaya Ghosh, Prasenjit Mitra, D. K. Jha, P. K. Mitra Sikkim Manipal University, SMIMS Introduction: Abrus precatorius Linnaeus (A. precatorius L.), a medicinal plant of leguminosae (Fabaceae) family is widely used LQ WUDGLWLRQDO PHGLFLQH IRU WKHUDSHXWLF SXUSRVH 3KDUPDFRORJLFDO studies revealed that the plant has anti-diabetic, anti-tumour and anti-microbial activity. We have, however, noted that leaves of A. precatorius L. could decrease body weight of normal rats. Aims & Objectives: Objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the compound from the leaves of A. precatorius L. responsible for body weight loss in albino rats. Materials and Methods: %\ VROYHQW H[WUDFWLRQV DFLG K\GURO\VLV chromatography followed by crystallization, a compound was isolated from the leaves of A. precatorius L. To note body weight reduction activity of the isolated compound, if any, Sprague Dawley normal rats were divided into two groups. First group of animals (control) received normal diet and de-ionized water while animals of the second group, in addition to normal diet and de-ionized water, took test drug (isolated compound in the dose of 100mg/kg body weight daily in watery suspension through oral route). Experiment was continued for 40 days and results were noted. Further, characterization of the compound was done by infra-red spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Results: The isolated compound from Abrus precatorius Linnaeus VLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHGERG\ZHLJKWVRIWKHUDWV$QDO\VLVRIVSHFWUDO data revealed that the isolated compound was 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid. Conclusion: 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid present in the leaves of A. precatorius L. was responsible for body weight loss in rats.

Ind J Clin Biochem

FO29

FO30

The journey of the implementation of total laboratory automation in a large tertiary care hospitalchallenges and immediate effects.

Study of serum anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and serum thyroid stimulating hormone in type II diabetes mellitus.

Aditi Gupta, Stephen Larbi Darkoh Jnr, Arun Raizada, Shikha Sharma, Amit Kumar Shrivastava, Kamini Vinayak Department of Clinical Biochemistry-Lab Medicine, Medanta -The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India

B.Pallavi, Krishnamurthy U Department Of Biochemistry, M.S.Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore.

Introduction: The laboratory is arguably the core of diagnostic based medicine and has come to play an invaluable role in the making of decisions by medical personnel. This emphasis on clinical %LRFKHPLVWU\ KDV SODFHG KLJK GHPDQGV RQ WKH ODERUDWRU\ FDXVLQJ decision makers to rapidly adapt to methods to keep pace with such demands; these demands hover around diagnostic accuracy, rapid turnaround time, limitation of hazards and reduction/ elimination of error. Aims and Objectives: These challenges have been tackled via various means such as realignment of architecture, enhanced training of technicians, technologists and biomedical scientists, and the LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKH /DERUDWRU\ DXWRPDWLRQ V\VWHP VSHFL¿FDOO\ the total laboratory automation system). The enforcement of the latter has proven to be the most impacting of all but it comes with its own challenges and these challenges are a facet in a comprehensive overview of the process involved in preimplementation, implementation and post implementation decision making, advantages of this system, architecture and the technicality of its operation process at Medanta the Medicity. The method initially involved interviewing of leadership personnel and studying WKHGRFXPHQWHGVSHFLPHQÀRZRSHUDWRUÀRZDQGSURFHVVÀRZ3UH implementation phase has its own challenges like space constraint, designing of the automated system so as to meet the requirements of the hospital in relation to handling of large number of samples and the comprehensive menu of parameters. During implementation phase the major challenge was of the barcode labeling. The barcode ODEHOLQJ ZDV FKDQJHG VR VXI¿FH WKH QHHG RI WKH SXFNFDUULHU IRU transportation of samples). Results: The implementation of the total lab automation has led to reduced TAT, improved lab productivity which is helping in improving the brand value of the hospital, increase revenue and savings by reducing average length of the stay for patients and improving patient care standards. Conclusion: The best of automation alone is not enough. If the processes around automation mainly information technology are not streamlined most of the advantages will fail .Automation is well suited to a laboratory when coupled with process like lean that FDQ EULQJ SDWK EUHDNLQJ LPSURYHPHQWV LQ WKH RYHUDOO HI¿FLHQF\ RI lab.

Introduction: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and thyroid diseases are the two most common endocrine disorders HQFRXQWHUHG LQ FOLQLFDO SUDFWLFH VKRZQ WR PXWXDOO\ LQÀXHQFH HDFK other. Unrecognised thyroid dysfunction in T2DM worsens the metabolic control and impedes management. Anti-thyroglobulin (Anti-Tg) is an autoantibody directed against thyroid gland proteins and is used as a marker for autoimmune thyroiditis. In T2DM, WKH FKURQLF ORZ JUDGH LQÀDPPDWRU\ VWDWH LV D ULVN IDFWRU IRU WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI RUJDQ VSHFL¿F DXWRLPPXQLW\ +HQFH WKLV VWXG\ intended to estimate Anti-Tg and establish a relationship between the disorders probably affected as a consequence of the autoimmune component. Objectives:7RHVWLPDWH$QWL7JOHYHOVLQ7'0SDWLHQWVDQGWR¿QG the proportion of those who possess high levels of Anti-Tg. Methodology: This was a case control study performed at 065DPDLDK0HGLFDO&ROOHJHDQG+RVSLWDOV%DQJDORUH,WLQFOXGHG 87 euthyroid T2DM patients aged between 25-55 years of either gender who are only on oral hypoglycemic agents without the onset of microvascular and macrovascular complications of T2DM and 87 age and gender matched non-diabetic, healthy subjects with )%6PJGO ZHUH FKRVHQ DV FRQWUROV %LRFKHPLFDO SDUDPHWHUV )%6 VHUXP 76+ DQG VHUXP$QWL7J ZHUH HVWLPDWHG$QWL7J DQG TSH was estimated by ELISA and expressed quantitatively. The SURSRUWLRQRI7'0SDWLHQWVZLWKKLJK$QWL7JOHYHOVZDVLGHQWL¿HG and compared with controls. Results:(LJKW7'0VXEMHFWVQ KDGHOHYDWHG$QWL7J OHYHOV$PRQJWKHFRQWUROVLQGLYLGXDOVQ KDGKLJK$QWL 7JOHYHOV)LVFKHU¶VH[DFWWHVWIRUFRXQWGDWDZDVIRXQGWREHKLJKO\ VLJQL¿FDQWSYDOXH Conclusion: T2DM patients have a high risk of thyroid dysfunction when compared to non–diabetics.

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FO31 Urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin and urinary transferrin as early markers of renal damage in type II diabetes mellitus. Pavana A, K C Vasudha Department of Biochemistry, M.S Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy, a long term complication of '0 LV GLDJQRVHG E\ D QRQLQYDVLYH PDUNHU 8ULQDU\ DOEXPLQ %\ the time microalbuminuria has been diagnosed, structural damage would have already occurred in the glomerulus to a certain extent, WKXVQHFHVVLWDWLQJWKHUHTXLUHPHQWRIDQHDUO\VHQVLWLYHDQGVSHFL¿F marker to identify normoalbuminurics who are in the transitory phase of becoming microalbuminurics. Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (UNGAL) and urinary transferrin were chosen for this study to assess their utility as early markers for renal damage. Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of UNGAL & Urinary transferrin as early predictive markers of renal damage in normoalbuminuric diabetics. Methodology: This case control study comprised of group 1: 40 normoalbuminuric Type II Diabetics. Group 2: 20 microalbuminuric type ii diabetics. Group 3: controls– age and gender matched clinically KHDOWK\LQGLYLGXDOV%ORRGDQGXULQHVDPSOHVZHUHDQDO\]HGIRU)%6 33%6+%$& serum and urinary creatinine, albumin, UNGAL and urinary transferrin. Results: $ VLJQL¿FDQW ULVH LQ YDOXHV IRU 81*$/ DQG XULQDU\ transferrin in group 1, as compared to group 3, and a further rise in group 2 were noted. When groups 1&3 were compared UNGAL, 8ULQDU\7UDQVIHUULQ DQG$&5 VKRZHG D 3YDOXH RI 0.412 and AUC in ROC of 0.828, 0.696 & 0.597 respectively. Conclusion: The result analysis has shown that both urinary NGAL and Transferrin are elevated even before ACR showed any variation and hence can be dependable markers for renal injury much before ACR.

FO32 ([LVWHQFH DQG LQÀXHQFH RI YLWDPLQ ' GH¿FLHQF\ RQ lipid and glycemic indices in type 2 diabetes and non diabetes subjects: a case control study Durgarao. Y1, Manjrekar PA1, Prabha Adhikari2, Arun S2, Chakrapani M2, Rukmini MS1 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India. Introduction:9LWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\9'' LVDJOREDOO\ZLGHVSUHDG pandemic that affects the functions of various physiological systems. VDD could well be a new risk factor for many diseases such as hypertension, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases.

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Aim: To assess the VDD among diabetes and non-diabetes subjects DQGLWVLQÀXHQFHRQERWKOLSLGDQGJO\FHPLFLQGLFHV Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted on 200 (100 diabetes and 100 non-diabetes) subjects aged 40 to 60 \HDUV )DVWLQJ VHUXP 2+ ' OHYHOV (/,6$ )DVWLQJ %ORRG 6XJDU+E$&DQGOLSLGSUR¿OHZHUHHVWLPDWHG$WKHURJHQLF,QGH[ RI3ODVPD$,3 ZDVFDOFXODWHGZLWK'RELDVRYD0FDOFXODWRU>/RJ (TG/HDL - C)]. Results: The mean age and male: female ratio of the study population was found to be 49±5.6 years and 97:103 respectively. Compared to non-diabetes individuals mean serum 25(OH) D levels ZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZLQGLDEHWHVVXEMHFWVQJP/YVQJP/ 7KH SUHYDOHQFH RI 9'' ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJK DPRQJ GLDEHWHV FDVHVYV 'LDEHWHVLQGLYLGXDOVRIWKHYLWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQW FDWHJRU\DOVRKDGVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZ+'/DQGHOHYDWHGWULJO\FHULGHV TC/HDL ratio, atherogenic index and VLDL. Conclusion: The independent association of vitamin D with FRPSRQHQWVRIOLSLGSUR¿OHPD\LQWXUQDJJUDYDWHFRPSOLFDWLRQVLQ diabetes subjects. Hence maintenance of adequate vitamin D levels should be a priority in them. Keywords: 9LWDPLQ'7\SHGLDEHWHV1RQGLDEHWHV/LSLGSUR¿OH

FO33 /LSLGV DQG LQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHUV LQ PLOG subclinical hypothyroidism: response to levothyroxine replacement Jaseem T1, Anupama Hegde1, Chakrapani M2, Sathish Rao2, Poornima Manjrekar1, Rukmini MS1 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with TSH (than OHVV ,8PO LV D FRPPRQ ¿QGLQJ GLVFRYHUHG GXULQJ URXWLQH WK\URLG IXQFWLRQ WHVWLQJ 7K\UR[LQH VXEVWLWXWLRQ DQG LWV EHQH¿WV WR DOOHYLDWHG\VOLSLGHPLDDQGLQÀDPPDWLRQDWWKLVVWDJHLVDPDWWHURI GHEDWH 7KLV VWXG\ DLPHG WR LQYHVWLJDWH WKH LQÀXHQFH RI WK\UR[LQH VXEVWLWXWLRQ RQ OLSLG SUR¿OH DQG LQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHUV LQ QHZO\ diagnosed SCH subjects. Materials and Methods: The study included total number of 54 newly diagnosed SCH subjects aged 20-50 years with (TSH < 10mIU/ml) and FT4 levels in the normal range for a minimum of three months (20 treated and 34 untreated) ZHUHIROORZHGSURVSHFWLYHO\IRUPRQWKV3DWLHQWVRQPHGLFDWLRQV that could cause thyroid hormone dysfunction, diabetes mellitus and current or previous pregnancy in the last 2 years were excluded. Serum $QWLWK\URLG SHUR[LGDVH DQWL 732 DQWLERGLHV 7RWDO FKROHVWHURO (TC), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), Triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), Apo- lipoprotein $32 $$SR%71)DOSKDDQG9&$0ZHUHGHWHUPLQHGLQDOO subjects at baseline and after follow up. Results:7KHXQWUHDWHGJURXSVKRZHGDVLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHLQ$SR% [79 ± 33 v/s 105 ± 32, p=0.016]. Thyroxine replacementshowed a VLJQL¿FDQW GHFUHDVH LQ9&$0>PHGLDQ UDQJH QJPO >

Ind J Clin Biochem

v/s 6 (4-10), p= 0.019] TSH [6.7 ± 1.7 v/s 2.16 ± 1.9, p = 0.01] and an increase in FT4[0.97 ± 0.73v/s1.71 ± 0.43, p= 0.050]. There was QRVLJQL¿FDQWFKDQJHLQ777*+'/$SR$$SR%DQWL732 TNF alpha after replacement. Conclusion:7K\URLGVXEVWLWXWLRQWKHUDS\KDVDIDYRUDEOHLQÀXHQFH RQOLSLGDQGLQÀDPPDWLRQPDUNHUVWRDFHUWDLQH[WHQWZKHUHDV$SR % WKH SURWHLQ FRPSRQHQW RI /'/ ZDV HOHYDWHG DPRQJ XQWUHDWHG subjects. Keywords: Subclinical hypothyroidism, L-Thyroxine, Lipids, ,QÀDPPDWLRQ

FO34 Study the frequency of types of errors occurring in clinical biochemistry laboratory. Nisha Jha, Poornima Manjrekar, Anupama Hegde, Jaseem T Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru, Manipal University Aim: To study the frequency of types of pre-analytical, analytical, post-analytical errors occurring in clinical biochemistry laboratory. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of types of preanalytical, analytical and post analytical errors in clinical biochemistry laboratory was undertaken from Jan. 2014 to Jun 2016. Laboratory UHFRUG¿OHZDVUHIHUUHGIRUFROOHFWLQJUHTXLUHGGDWDUHJDUGLQJWKRVH errors. Total number of errors were calculated and percentage of errors from pre-analytical, analytical and post analytical groups was evaluated then percentage of types of error was calculated for each group separately for further statistical analysis. Results: Total number of errors were reported from each group and WKHLU SHUFHQWDJH ZDV FDOFXODWHG 3HUFHQWDJH RI SUHDQDO\WLFDO HUURU ZDV OHDGLQJ SRVWDQDO\WLFDO HUURUV ZLWK IROORZHG E\ DQDO\WLFDO HUURU ZLWK ,Q SUHDQDO\WLFDO JURXS PD[LPXP SHUFHQWDJH RI HUURUV ZHUH IURP SDWLHQWVSHFLPHQ PLVLGHQWL¿FDWLRQ IROORZHG E\ VDPSOH FROOHFWLRQ KDHPRO\VLV FORWWLQJ LQVXI¿FLHQW YROXPH IROORZHG E\ VRUWLQJ DQG URXWLQJ ,Q DQDO\WLFDO JURXS PD[LPXP QR RI HUURUV ZDV IURP HQGRJHQRXV RU H[RJHQRXV LQWHUIHUHQFH OHDGLQJ ZLWK VDPSOH PL[XSV DQGXQGHWHFWHGIDLOXUHLQTXDOLW\FRQWURO In post-analytical errors group, mostly were reported from improper GDWDHQWU\DQGPDQXDOWUDQVFULSWLRQHUURU WKHQHUURQHRXV YDOLGDWLRQRIDQDO\WLFDOGDWD IROORZHGE\IDLOXUHLQUHSRUWLQJ DGGUHVVLQJWKHUHSRUW DQGIDLOXUHGHOD\LQUHSRUWLQJFULWLFDO YDOXHV ,QWKDWPD[LPXPSHUFHQWDJHRIWHVWVZDVFKHPLVWU\ IROORZHG E\ LPPXQRDVVD\ IROORZHG E\ PDQXDO WHVWV Conclusion: Hence, all the forthcoming issues in the total testing process of the laboratory can be prevented by root cause analysis and accordingly redesigning the areas of laboratory for their shortcomings.

FO35 Insulin receptor isoforms A and B as well as insulin receptor substrate 1 expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia Sreenivasulu K, Nandeesha H, Medha Rajappa, Dorairajan, Vickneshwaran Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry Background: ,QVXOLQ UHFHSWRU LVRIRUPV ,5 $ DQG % DQG ,QVXOLQ receptor substrate (IRS 1) expression revealed different type of cancer. This may be a link to cell proliferation in prostate tissue RI %HQLJQ SURVWDWLF K\SHUSODVLD %3+ 7KHUH ZHUH QR VWXGLHV LQ EHQLJQSURVWDWHWLVVXHV:HLQYHVWLJDWHG,5$DQG%DVZHOODV,56 H[SUHVVLRQLQDVVRFLDWLRQZLWK3URVWDWHYROXPH Material and Methods: 3URVWDWLF WLVVXHV ZHUH REWDLQHG IURP 20 males aged between 55 to 85 years by transurethral resection RI SURVWDWH DV VXUJLFDO WUHDWPHQW RI %3+ %DVHG RQ WKH YROXPH RI 3URVWDWH WLVVXHV ZHUH GLYLGHG LQWR WZR JURXSV *URXS$ P/ DQG*URXS%!P/ 51$H[SUHVVLRQOHYHOVRI,5$DQG%,56 ZHUHDVVHVVHGE\4XDQWLWDWLYHUHDOWLPH573&5 Results:,5$DQG%H[SUHVVLRQZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQ*URXS% !P/ 3YDOXHVDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\:KLOHWKHUHZHUHQR difference between groups in IRS 1 expression. Conclusion: :H IRXQG D VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH LQ ,QVXOLQ UHFHSWRU H[SUHVVLRQLQDVVRFLDWLRQZLWKSURVWDWHYROXPH2XU¿QGLQJVXJJHVWD key role of insulin receptor and its cascade signalling pathway, it may be relevant for novel therapeutic approaches.

FO36 A comparative study of hypolipidemic effect of atorvastatin and Coriandrum sativum in tritoninduced hyperlipidemic albino rat model Swathi Acharya, Puneeth A K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is a main factor responsible for coronary artery disease. Atorvastatin, commonly used competitive inhibitor of HMG-Co-A reductase, is known to reduce the levels of LDL, triglyceride and increase the levels of HDL. Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) belongs to the Apiaceae family, has hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, anti-oxidant properties. Triton WR1339 has been used by several studies to induce hypercholesterolemia in animals which acts on both synthesis and excretory phase. Aim and Objectives: To compare the hypolipidemic effect of Coriandrum sativum and Atorvastatin in Triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Materials and Methods: Following approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics committee, 36 Wistar albino rats were divided into 6 JURXSVRIDQLPDOVHDFK7ULWRQPJ,3ZDVDGPLQLVWHUHGWRDOOWKH groups except Group 1 (control). Group 3 and 4 received Coriander extract 300mg/kg and Atorvastatin 80mg/kg orally along with

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Triton. Group 5 and 6 received Coriander extract and Atorvastatin UHVSHFWLYHO\ KRXUV ODWHU /LSLG SUR¿OH ZDV HVWLPDWHG KRXUV before, 24 and 48 hours after administering Triton. Results: ,Q WKH V\QWKHVLV SKDVH WKHUH LV D VWDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW increase in the lipid levels in Groups 2, 5, 6 compared to Groups 3, 4 indicating hypolipidemic effects of both Coriander extract and Atorvastatin. In the excretory phase, all groups have shown decrease in lipid levels but decrease in total cholesterol level in Group 5 FRPSDUHGWR*URXSZDVVLJQL¿FDQW Conclusion: Atorvastatin and Coriander extract both have effect on the lipid levels in synthesis and excretory phase. Even though Coriander cannot replace Atorvastatin in management of hyperlipidemia, it can be used as an adjuvant to atorvastatin so as to reduce the cost effects and adverse reactions caused by allopathic medicines. Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Atorvastatin, Coriander sativum, Triton

FO37 Association of elevated interleukin-17 and angiopoietin-2 with prostate size in benign prostatic hyperplasia Raghavi C, Jaimatha Arivazhagan, Hanumanthappa Nandeesha, Lalgudi Narayanan Dorairajan, Karli Sreenivasulu. Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry Background: ,QÀDPPDWLRQ DQG DQJLRJHQHVLV DUH NQRZQ WR SOD\ D role in the development prostate tumors. Till date there are limited VWXGLHV UHJDUGLQJ WKH PDUNHUV RI LQÀDPPDWLRQ DQG DQJLRJHQHVLV like interleukin-17 and angiopoietin-2 levels and their relation with SURVWDWHVL]HLQEHQLJQSURVWDWLFK\SHUSODVLD%3+ Aim of the study: The present study was designed to assess the levels of interleukin-17 and angiopoietin-2 levels and their association with SURVWDWHVL]HLQ%3+SDWLHQWV Methods: %3+FDVHVDQGFRQWUROVZHUHHQUROOHGLQWKHVWXG\ Interleukin-17 and angiopoietin-2 were estimated in both the groups Results: ,QWHUOHXNLQ DQG DQJLRSRLHWLQ ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQFUHDVHGLQ%3+FDVHVZKHQFRPSDUHGZLWKFRQWUROV0XOWLYDULDWH analysis showed that angiopoietin-2 predicts the prostate size in SDWLHQWV ZLWK %3+ 5 EHWD S /LQHDU UHJUHVVLRQ DQDO\VLV VKRZHG WKDW ,QWHUOHXNLQ ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK DQJLRSRLHWLQ LQ %3+ FDVHV 52 = 0.129, beta – 0.359, p=0.020). Conclusion: We conclude that interleukin-17 and angiopoietin-2 DUH HOHYDWHG LQ %3+ FDVHV DQG DQJLRSRLHWLQ ZDV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK interleukin-17 and prostate size.

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FO38 3ODVPDHODVWDVHDQGLWVLQKLELWRUOHYHOVDVLQÀDPPDWRU\ mediators and markers in diabetes retinopathy and diabetes nephropathy Mamatha Kunder, A.V.M.Kutty Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka. Introduction: Hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus induces WLVVXHVSHFL¿FLQÀDPPDWLRQ,QUHVSRQVHWRLQÀDPPDWLRQDFWLYDWHG neutrophils secrete neutrophil elastase (NE) which degrades several extracellular matrix proteins resulting in derangement of cellular architecture. NE is well regulated by endogenous inhibitors, alpha1-antitrypsin (a1-AT) and alpha-2 macroglobulin (a2-MG) by IRUPDWLRQ RI LUUHYHUVLEOH FRPSOH[HV +RZHYHU LQ LQÀDPPDWRU\ state activity of large number of neutrophils cause excess release of elastase so the physiological regulatory activity is overcome. This UHVXOWV LQ H[FHVVLYH RI HODVWDVH DFWLYLW\ DW WKH VLWH RI LQÀDPPDWLRQ causing crucial tissue damage and progress of disease. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the activity of plasma elastase, concentrations of a1-AT, a2-MG and NE – a1-AT complex and to establish the relationships of these with the retinal and renal complications. Materials and Methods: The subjects included healthy controls (n=60), Type 2 Diabetes without complications (n=60), diabetic nephropathy (n=60) and diabetic retinopathy (n=60). Elastase activity was measured using N-Succinyl-tri-alanine as substrate. a1-AT, a2MG and NE – a1-AT complex was estimated by ELISA. Results: The mean elastase activity was higher in all diabetic groups compared to controls while the inhibitor concentrations were VLJQL¿FDQWO\ UHGXFHG LQ WKH GLDEHWLF JURXSV FRPSDUHG WR FRQWUROV (p<0.001). The decrease of a1-ATand a2-MG was more pronounced LQ GLDEHWLF UHWLQRSDWK\ JURXS 3ODVPD 1( D$7 FRPSOH[ ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ UHWLQRSDWK\ VXEMHFWV S DV FRPSDUHG to nephropathy. Conclusion: Elevated elastase activity and decreased levels of elastase inhibitors in Type 2 diabetes patients with retinal and renal complications suggest their role in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications.

FO39 Metabolic syndrome, an impending health crisis in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? Sukanya Shetty, Roopa Bhandary Introduction: While many factors have been demonstrated to be independently associated with the development of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), instances of its development due to presence of a single risk factor are very few. Thus, metabolic syndrome which comprises a cluster of abnormalities is strongly associated with NAFLD.Hence, the present study was designed to know the proportion of Metabolic Syndrome in NAFLD subjects.

Ind J Clin Biochem

Aims and Objectives: To study the proportion of Metabolic Syndrome in NAFLD subjects diagnosed in the radiology departmentat K.S.Hegde Charitable hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 203 persons diagnosed with NAFLDattending the radiology department of K.S.Hegde Charitable hospital for abdominal imaging were included in the present study. Informed consent was obtained from the study subjects. Subjects with alcoholic liver disease, renal failure, WXEHUFXORVLVKHSDWLWLV%DQGRU&DQGWKRVHRQOLSLGORZHULQJGUXJ ZHUHH[FOXGHGIURPWKHVWXG\0HWDEROLF6\QGURPHDQGLWV¿YHFULWHULD ZHUHFODVVL¿HGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHSDUDPHWHUVHVWDEOLVKHGE\1&(3$73 III. Subjects were categorized as having Metabolic Syndrome if they had >3 of these criteria. Result: Q RI WKH VXEMHFWV KDG PHWDEROLF V\QGURPH S $PRQJPDOHVXEMHFWVKDGPHWDEROLFV\QGURPH S DQG LQ IHPDOHV Q LW ZDV IRXQG WR EH (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Almost all study subjects had more than three established risk factors for NAFLD development. These included predominantly obesity especially central obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.Hence, most subjects had metabolic syndrome.

FO40 Molecular assessment CGG repeat expansion in FMR1 gene in reproductive age women and SUHPDWXUH RYDULDQ LQVXI¿FLHQF\ ZRPHQ E\ XVLQJ TP-PCR Deepika Delsa Dean, Srinivasan Muthuswamy, Sarita Agarwal SGPGIMS, Lucknow

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UDJLOH ; 6\QGURPH );6 WKH VHFRQG PRVW FRPPRQ W\SH RI ; OLQNHG PHQWDOUHWDUGDWLRQLVFDXVHGE\)05JHQH VLOHQFLQJ due to hyper expansion and hypermethylation of CGG repeat at its ¶8757KH&**UHSHDWVL]HLVKLJKO\YDULDEOHWRUHSHDWV LQ WKHSRSXODWLRQ,QFDVHRI*UD\]RQH*= DQG3UHPXWDWLRQ30 LW gets expanded to 45 to 54 repeats and 55 to 200 repeats respectively. 7KRVHDIIHFWHGZLWK);6KDYH!UHSHDWVIXOOPXWDWLRQ *=DQG 30DOOHOHVDUHZLGHVSUHDGLQWKHSRSXODWLRQ30ZRPHQDQG *=ZRPHQ DQGDUHKLJKO\XQVWDEOHDQGSURQHWRJHWH[SDQGHGWR QH[WKLJKHUUHSHDWUDQJHJLYLQJULVHWR30FDUULHUDQG);6DIIHFWHG RIIVSULQJ UHVSHFWLYHO\ LQ VXEVHTXHQW JHQHUDWLRQ 30 LV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK 3ULPDU\ RYDULDQ LQVXI¿FLHQF\ 32, LQ DSSUR[LPDWHO\ FDVHV 9LDEOH SUHJQDQF\ LV SRVVLEOH LQ RI 32, ZRPHQ LQ VSLWHRIRYDULDQG\VIXQFWLRQDQGPD\UHVXOWLQJLYLQJELUWKWRD);6 SRVLWLYH RIIVSULQJ FKDQFH 7KH SUHVHQW VWXG\ DLPV WR WUDFH WKHVH FDUULHU ZRPHQ LQ WKH JHQHUDO SRSXODWLRQ DQG 32, ZRPHQ E\ XVLQJLQGLJHQRXVO\GHYHORSHG733&5WRUHGXFHWKHJHQHWLFORDGRI this disease on the society. *HQRPLF'1$ZDVH[WUDFWHGIURPUHSURGXFWLYHDJHDQG32, ZRPHQ733&5DPSOL¿FDWLRQIRU)05DOOHOHLVFRQGXFWHGDQGWKH amplicons generated were subjected to fragment analyses and results were documented. 0ROHFXODUVFUHHQLQJRIUHSURGXFWLYHDJHZRPHQLGHQWL¿HG RI VXEMHFWVZLWK*=DOOHOHDQG&**UHSHDWV1R30

FDUULHU ZDV LGHQWL¿HG DPRQJ WKH VWXGLHG FRKRUW :KLOH 733&5 DQDO\VLVRI32,VXEMHFWVUHVXOWHGLQLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRI30SRVLWLYH VXEMHFWV ZLWK DQG &** UHSHDW QXPEHU ([WHQGHG IDPLO\ VFUHHQLQJ RI 30 SRVLWLYH 32, VXEMHFWV UHYHDOHG PDWHUQDO transmission in one of the subject while other subject was found to KDYHDIDPLO\KLVWRU\RI);6ZLWKKHUQHSKHZEHLQJ)0SRVLWLYH Conclusions:6FUHHQLQJRIUHSURGXFWLYHDJHZRPHQDQG32,FDVHV IRULGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIXQVWDEOH*=DQG30DOOHOHVLVRIJUHDWFOLQLFDO XWLOLW\GXHWRWKHLQKHUHQWULVNRIWKHVHDOOHOHVWRH[SDQGWR30DQG )0 UHVSHFWLYHO\ $V WKH LQGLJHQRXVO\ GHYHORSHG 733&5 LQ RXU study is cheaper and rapid in comparison to available commercial kit and is technically easier and accurate compared to traditionally used 6RXWKHUQ%ORWWLQJWKXVFDQPHHWKLJKGLDJQRVWLFRXWSXWUHTXLUHPHQW it has proved to be economically more feasible to be used in screening program. This will open doors for offering antenatal diagnosis to VXEMHFWVZKRDUH30RU*=SRVLWLYHWKHUHE\GHFUHDVLQJWKHORDGRI this disease on the society.

FO41 Is serum sialic acid the best predictor of systemic LQÀDPPDWRU\VWDWXVLQFKURQLFXUWLFDULD" M Archana, Medha Rajappa, Malathi M, Laxmisha Chandrashekar, DM Thappa Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry Introduction: The etiopathogenesis of chronic urticaria (CU) has not EHHQZHOOHOXFLGDWHG&UHDFWLYHSURWHLQ&53 LVHOHYDWHGDVDUHVXOW RIV\VWHPLFLQÀDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVHLQ&83UHYLRXVVWXGLHVVXJJHVW WKDW SHQWUD[LQ DQG VLDOLF DFLG DUH VWDEOH DQG EHWWHU LQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHUV WKDQ &53 7KHUH DUH D IHZ VWXGLHV HYDOXDWLQJ WKH UROH RI novel biochemical markers such as pentraxin-3 and sialic acid as SUHGLFWRUVRIV\VWHPLFLQÀDPPDWLRQLQ&8 Aims and objectives:This study was undertaken to assess the serum OHYHOVRIWRWDOVLDOLFDFLG76$ SURWHLQERXQGVLDOLFDFLG3%6$ SHQWUD[LQ DQG KLJK VHQVLWLYLW\ KV &53 DV PDUNHUV RI V\VWHPLF LQÀDPPDWLRQ LQ &8 LQ FRPSDULVRQ ZLWK FRQWUROV DQG WR IXUWKHU identify their association with disease severity. Materials and Methods: 45 cases of CU attending urticaria clinic and 45 age and gender matched healthy volunteers participated in this cross-sectional study. Disease severity was assessed by urticaria activity scoring (UAS) and auto-reactivity by autologous plasma skin WHVW $367 KV&53 SHQWUD[LQ OHYHOV ZHUH HVWLPDWHG E\ (/,6$ DQG76$DQG3%6$OHYHOVE\PRGL¿HG$PLQRII¶VPHWKRG Results: &8LVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKKLJKHUOHYHOVRIKV&53SHQWUD[LQ 76$ DQG 3%6$ DV FRPSDUHG WR FRQWUROV PRUH VR ZLWK LQFUHDVLQJ GLVHDVHVHYHULW\DQGDXWRLPPXQLW\:HREVHUYHGWKDW76$3%6$ SHQWUD[LQ DQG KV&53 FRUUHODWHG SRVLWLYHO\ ZLWK GLVHDVH VHYHULW\ 8$6 VFRUH 52& DQDO\VLV GHSLFWHG 76$ DQG 3%6$ DV EHVW SUHGLFWRUVRIWKHV\VWHPLFLQÀDPPDWRU\VWDWXVLQ&8 Conclusion: Our results suggest that serum sialic acid is a novel and SURPLVLQJPDUNHUIRUSUHGLFWLRQRIWKHV\VWHPLFLQÀDPPDWRU\VWDWXV in CU, with highest likelihood ratio.

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FO42 )LEULQRJHQ DQG OLSRSURWHLQ D OHYHOV LQ ¿UVW GHJUHH relatives of ischemic stroke patients Srilatha. K, Bobby, Subrahmanyam D K S, Santhi Silambanan, Nithin kumar U Sri Ramachandra Medical College Introduction: )DPLO\KLVWRU\LVRQHRIWKHLPSRUWDQWQRQPRGL¿DEOH risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke. Family history FDQLQÀXHQFHDSHUVRQ¶VULVNRIVWURNHE\JHQHWLFRUHQYLURQPHQWDO factors. Aim and Objectives: To assess the risk factors for the development RIDWKHURWKURPERWLFGLVHDVHVDPRQJ¿UVWGHJUHHUHODWLYHVRILVFKHPLF stroke patients. The objectives included comparison of the levels of )LEULQRJHQDQGOLSRSURWHLQD EHWZHHQWKH¿UVWGHJUHHUHODWLYHVDQG healthy controls. Materials & Methods:7KLVVWXG\LQFOXGHG¿UVWGHJUHHUHODWLYHV (29 off springs, 11 siblings) in the age group 30-50 years. Forty healthy subjects without family history of stroke, diabetes, hypertension and &$' ZHUH WDNHQ DV DJH DQG VH[ PDWFKHG FRQWUROV %ORRG VDPSOHV ZHUHDQDO\VHGIRU¿EULQRJHQDQGOLSRSURWHLQD 6WDWLVWLFDODQDO\VHV ZHUHGRQHE\LQGHSHQGHQW6WXGHQW¶VµW¶WHVW Results:7KHOHYHORI¿EULQRJHQZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUDPRQJWKH ¿UVWGHJUHHUHODWLYHVRILVFKHPLFVWURNHSDWLHQWVFRPSDUHGWRKHDOWK\ VXEMHFWV 7KHUH ZDV D VWDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW SRVLWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH OHYHOV RI ¿EULQRJHQ DQG OLSRSURWHLQ D DPRQJ ¿UVW degree relatives Conclusion: First degree relatives of ischemic stroke patients are at risk of developing atherothrombotic diseases due to increased ¿EULQRJHQ OHYHOV ZKLFK LV DQ DFXWH SKDVH UHDFWDQW DQG PDUNHU RI WKH DWKHURVFOHURVLV DQG ORZJUDGH LQÀDPPDWLRQ )LEULQRJHQ Lipoprotein (a) interaction leads to pro-thrombotic state by inhibiting thrombolysis. Screening of athero-thrombotic risk factors among WKH ¿UVW GHJUHH UHODWLYHV RI LVFKHPLF VWURNH SDWLHQWV ZRXOG KHOS WR introduce prevention protocols.

FO43 Polymorphism of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genes and mineral status in alcohol dependence nepalese population Lal Das B K, Gelal, Rai K, Shakya, Battarai, Pradhan, Lamsal, Baral B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences

as case and 100 healthy non-alcoholics as control were included in the study after obtaining informed consent. The ALDH2 genotype ZDVH[DPLQHGE\0XOWLSOH[3&5PHWKRGVLQEORRG'1$&DOFLXP 0DJQHVLXP3KRVSKRUXVDQG,URQZHUHGHWHUPLQHGE\&REDV& 5RFKH+LWDFKLFKHPLVWU\DQDO\VHU7KHFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRISODVPD=LQF ZDV PHDVXUHG ZLWK D ÀDPH DWRPLF DEVRUSWLRQ VSHFWURSKRWRPHWHU An independent t-test was used to compare the parametric data and Mann-Whitney U test for the non-parametric data. Chi-square WHVW ZDV XVHG IRU WKH FDWHJRULFDO GDWD 6WDWLVWLFDO VLJQL¿FDQFH LV FRQVLGHUHGDWS Results: The distribution of ALDH2 genotypes was same in alcohol GHSHQGHQFHVXEMHFWDQGFRQWUROV%RWKWKHJURXSVKDGRQO\DOFRKRO tolerance genotype ALDH2*1.The mineral status in case and control were; total calcium 9.2 ±0.9 mg/dL vs 10.1±0.70 mg/dL (p=0001), WRWDOPDJQHVLXPPJG/YVS 3KRVSKRUXV PJG/YVPJG/S =LQFJG/ vs 95.04±24.57 μg/dL (p=0.0001) and Iron 59.5 (41.5, 92.9) μg/dL vs 109.5 (81.5, 126.5) μg/dL (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Our results support for ALDH2*1 gene polymorph which affects vulnerability to alcoholism. All minerals were VLJQL¿FDQWO\GHFUHDVHGLQFDVHFRPSDUHGWRFRQWURO Keywords: Alcohol dependence, ALDH2, Mineral

FO44 Association of birth outcomes and postnatal growth with leukocyte telomere length in adults: data from “the New Delhi Birth Cohort (NDBC)” Mohamad Tarik, Ramakrishnan Lakshmy, Sikha Sinha, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Nikhil Tandon, Ambuj Roy, Santosh Bhargava, Bhaskar Singh AIIMS, New Delhi Introduction: Suboptimal nutritional during intrauterine life is a critical determinant of risk of CVD, hypertension and T2D in adulthood. Accelerated oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant defense in low birth weight individuals followed by postnatal rapid growth can cause telomere dysfunction, which is associated with age related disorders. It is likely to throw light on the relationship of early growth to later diseases. Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that growth retardation during fetal period and postnatal rapid growth is associated with telomere attrition in leukocytes, which may link to the developmental origin of adult chronic disease.

Aims and Objectives:7R¿QGRXWWKHIUHTXHQF\RISRO\PRUSKLVP of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2) and assess mineral status in alcohol dependence Nepalese population

Methods: A birth cohort was setup between 1969-72 in New Delhi, India and followed up in different phases. Weight and height was measured at birth and 6 monthly during infancy, childhood and adolescence and subsequently as adults. Relative leukocytes telomere OHQJWK/7/ ZDVPHDVXUHGE\00T3&5LQVXEMHFWVZKRZHUH followed up in the study. Oxidative stress marker, MDA and total antioxidant status (TAS) was measured spectrophotometrically. The DVVRFLDWLRQRI/7/ZLWKELUWKZHLJKWDQGFRQGLWLRQDO%0,JDLQIURP birth to adulthood as well as with other cardiovascular risk factors was assessed in univariate and multivariate regression models.

Materials and methods: A total of 100 alcohol dependence subjects diagnosed by psychiatrist using ICD-10 and screening tool AUDIT

Results: The mean age of the subjects was 39.16 (±3.27) years, ZHUH PDOHV 2[LGDWLYH VWUHVV PDUNHU 0'$ ZDV QHJDWLYHO\

Introduction: Genetic variations in alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism may be responsible for individual and racial differences in their risk of alcohol dependence or alcohol-related nutritional GH¿FLHQF\

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correlated with birth weight (r=-0.084, p=0.006) and total antioxidant status (TAS) was positively correlated with birth weight (r=0.106, p=0.0004). A positive association of birth weight with telomere OHQJWK ZDV REVHUYHG EXW QRW VWDWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW S 7KHUH ZDVDVLJQL¿FDQWSRVLWLYHDVVRFLDWLRQRIJHVWDWLRQDODJHZLWKWHORPHUH OHQJWKS DQGDVVRFLDWLRQUHPDLQHGVLJQL¿FDQWDIWHUDGMXVWLQJ for all possible confounding factors in multivariate regression S &RQGLWLRQDO %0, JDLQ DW \HDU DQG \HDU ZDV QRW VLJQL¿FDQWO\DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWHORPHUHOHQJWK$VLJQL¿FDQWQHJDWLYH DVVRFLDWLRQRI/7/ZLWKFRQGLWLRQDO%0,JDLQDW\HDUZDVREVHUYHG in multivariate regression analysis (p=0.015). Socioeconomic status was negatively associated with LTL (p=0.041). LTL was negatively DVVRFLDWHGZLWK6%3S DQG'%3S Conclusion: 2XU ¿QGLQJ VXJJHVWV WKDW DFFHOHUDWHG R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV and reduced antioxidant defense in low birth weight, preterm birth and accelerated growth at adulthood may be link to early disease via telomere attrition.

FO45 Data mining in clinical labs Victoria Job, V. Padmanabhan Clinical Biochemistry, CMC, Vellore Introduction: We are living in the data deluge age. The primary function of a lab is to release the most accurate result to the only intended person. Tools to ensure good quality results have been H[SOLFLWO\ GHVLJQHG DQG IROORZHG IXO¿OOLQJ WKH SULPDU\ JRDO :KDW then happens to this data? Does it also belong to a group like Age, Sex, Race, nutritional, disease groups. When this maze of data is scrutinized in connection to a group with a possible association, a pattern may emerge which will provide insight into the scenario. Thus XVHIXOSUHGLFWLRQVFDQEHPDGHZKLFKZLOOEHQH¿WWKHLQGLYLGXDODQG even extended to a group or population. This process is Data Mining searching for patterns of interest. With relevant prior knowledge and clear goals of application the following general steps are used. Data Selection, creating target data VHW )XQFWLRQV VXFK DV VXPPDUL]DWLRQ FODVVL¿FDWLRQV UHJUHVVLRQ associations, clustering help with Data reduction and transformation GLPHQVLRQDOLW\0LQLQJ/RJDULWKPV3DWWHUQ(YDOXDWLRQ.QRZOHGJH gained. In diagnostic laboratories Reference interval studies are time-consuming and expensive. “Data mining” techniques such as %KDWWDFKDU\DDQDO\VLVDOORZVGHWHUPLQDWLRQRISRSXODWLRQUHIHUHQFH intervals with existing laboratory data. Aim: To validate reference ranges for certain tests done in Clinical %LRFKHPLVWU\ Materials: XQ¿OWHUHG YDOXHV RI XUHD ZHUH VXEMHFWHG WR GDWD mining tools. Results: The data mined reference interval of (24-40 mg/dl) was within the range ( 0-40) that has been used by the lab thus rapidly providing the lab a population based range. Conclusion: %KDWWDFKDU\D DQDO\VLV LV D PHWKRG IRU LGHQWLI\LQJ Gaussian distribution in the midst of other data with no requirements to exclude results from members of an unhealthy population prior to analysis.

FO46 `-hydroxy butyrate and acetoacetate ratio as an aid to diagnose suspected respiratory chain disease in children. Madhuri.K. S.1, Nalini.K1, Nalini Bhaskarananda Kumar2 Kasturba Medical College1, Kasturba Hospital2, Manipal University, Manipal Introduction: `K\GUR[\ EXW\UDWH 2+% DQG DFHWRDFHWDWH $&$& DV ZHOO DV ODFWDWH / DQG S\UXYDWH 3 DUH LQWHUPHGLDU\ PHWDEROLWHV QRUPDOO\ SUHVHQW LQ EORRG 7KH 2+% $&$& UDWLR %$ LV DQ H[SUHVVLRQ RI WKH PLWRFKRQGULDO R[LGRUHGXFWLRQ VWDWH This ketone body ratio can provide a clue to diagnosis and metabolic status in congenital error of the electron transport chain and pyruvate metabolism. The standardization of these analytical procedures improves the interpretation of biochemical reports, helping the RWKHUZLVH GLI¿FXOW GLDJQRVLV RI UHVSLUDWRU\ FKDLQ GLVHDVH5&' LQ children. Aim and objective: (VWLPDWLRQ RI %$ UDWLR DQG FRUUHODWLQJ LW WR DPPRQLDDQG/3UDWLRLQVXVSHFWHGPLWRFKRQGULDOGLVRUGHUV Materials and method: A total of 85 pediatric cases with suspected ,(0 GLVHDVH ZHUH LQFOXGHG LQ VWXG\ 3\UXYDWH 2+% $&$& estimated using enzymatic, spectrophotometric methods. Ammonia and Lactate were estimated by spectrophotometric methods in 5RFKH&2%$6DXWRDQDO\]HU6WXG\VXEMHFWVZHUHJURXSHGEDVHGRQ ammonia levels [hyper ammonia group (n=36) and normal ammonia (n=49)]. Result:%$UDWLRZDVIRXQGWREHLQFUHDVHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQQRUPDO DPPRQLD JURXS FRPSDUHG WR K\SHU DPPRQLD JURXS S /3 ratio was also increased in normal ammonia group but statistically QRW VLJQL¿FDQW %$ UDWLR QHJDWLYHO\ FRUUHODWHG ZLWK DPPRQLD OHYHO EXWVWDWLVWLFDOO\QRWVLJQL¿FDQW Conclusion: Normal ammonia level accompanied by increased /3 UDWLR LV LQGLFDWLYH RI PLWRFKRQGULDO GLVHDVHV DQG GLVRUGHUV RI FDUERK\GUDWH PHWDEROLVP '&0 ,Q RXU VWXG\ LQFUHDVHG %$ UDWLR ZDVREVHUYHGLQSDWLHQWVZLWKQRUPDODPPRQLDDQGLQFUHDVHG/3UDWLR ZKLFK LV VXJJHVWLYH RI 5&' +HQFH HVWLPDWLRQ RI %$ UDWLR FDQ EH used to differentiate between RCD and inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism.

FO47 Association of birthweight with cellular senescence in adults: data from New Delhi Birth Cohort Lakshmy Ramakrishnan, Mohamad Tarik, Sikha Sinha Harshpal, S. Sachdev Nikhil Tandon Ambuj Roy, Bhaskar Singh, Santosh Bhargava AIIMS and Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research Introduction: Undernutrition during intrauterine growth is associated with predisposition to CVD, T2D and hypertension in adulthood. Oxidative stress, observed in IUGR, is also an initiator of these disease processes. Oxidative stress during IUGR and postnatal growth can cause telomere dysfunction which can trigger senescent pathways like the p53-p21 or the p16. In rats protein restricted during gestation but switched to normal protein postnatally, a shorter

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telomere length (TL) and increased expression of p16 and p21 in pancreas has been demonstrated by previous studies. p16 expression in blood cells can potentially serve as a biomarker of molecular aging. Objectives: To understand the role of cellular senescence in developmental origin of health and diseases, TL and p16 and p21 expression and markers of oxidative stress was studied in subjects of DELUWKFRKRUWWKH1HZ'HOKL%LUWK&RKRUW1'%& Methods: 1'%& ZDV VHWXS EHWZHHQ LQ 1HZ 'HOKL DQG followed up in different phases. Weight and height was measured at birth and 6 monthly till age 21 and subsequently in different phases. Around 1500 subjects were retraced and are being followed up in the current phase. Around 200 subjects were randomly selected for measurement of leucocyte TL, MDA, urinary isoprostane and p16 and p21 gene expression. Relative TL in leucocyte was measured E\ T3&5 0'$ ZDV PHDVXUHG VSHFWURSKRWRPHWULFDOO\ DQG XULQDU\ LVRSURVWDQH E\ (/,6$ 573&5 ZDV SHUIRUPHG WR VWXG\ WKH expression of p16 and p21. Regression analysis was performed to study the association of birth weight with telomere length, p16 and p21 expression. Results: 7KH PHDQ DJH RI WKH VXEMHFWV ZDV \HDUV 6LJQL¿FDQW negative association was noted for p21 expression and birthweight (unadjusted r = -0.097, p=0.008, r adjusted =-0.091, p=0.01), birth %0, DGMXVWHG U S DQG %0, JDLQ DW DGXOWKRRG (r=-0.042, p=0.05). A negative correlation was also seen for p16 H[SUHVVLRQ DQG ELUWKZHLJKW EXW WKH DVVRFLDWLRQ ZDV QRW VLJQL¿FDQW p16 expression in peripheral blood cells inversely correlated with UHODWLYH 7/ U S %LUWKZHLJKW ZDV DOVR DVVRFLDWHG with total antioxidant status (r=0.103, p=0.035). Conclusion: IUGR is possibly associated with cellular senescence in adult life. The association is probably mediated through oxidative stress. An altered senescent state is likely to be one of the links between small new born and adult chronic diseases.

FO48 6HUXP DQG SHULWRQHDO ÀXLG *DOHFWLQ OHYHOV LQ endometriosis Priyanka Gupta, Azadeh Bagheri, Shoesta Amreen, Pratap Kumar, Pragna Rao Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal Introduction: Endometriosis is a common gynaecoloigcal condition characterized by implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue outside the XWHUXVZKLFKDIIHFWVRIZRPHQRIUHSURGXFWLYHDJH*DOHFWLQ an endogenous lectin, is commonly upregulated in several tumours and plays an essential role in angiogenesis and immune evasion mechanisms. Galectin-1 can also modulate immune system processes like T cell signaling and apoptosis and hence decrease the local natural immunity against retrograde endometrium, thus resulting in proliferation of local endometriotic tissue. Aims and objectives: To study the levels of Galectin-1 in blood and SHULWRQHDOÀXLGLQSDWLHQWVZLWKHQGRPHWULRVLV Methodology:6HUXPQ DQG3HULWRQHDOÀXLGQ OHYHOVRI *DOHFWLQZDVPHDVXUHGLQSDWLHQWVZLWKHQGRPHWULRVLVFRQ¿UPHG ODSDURVFRSLFDOO\ DQG ODWHU KLVWRSDWKRORJLFDOO\ 3HULWRQHDO ÀXLG

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ZDV FROOHFWHG IURP 3RXFK RI 'RXJODV GXULQJ VXUJLFDOFXUDWLYH laparoscopy under aseptic conditions. Serum levels of Galectin-1 was determined in 30 age matched healthy females, selected as FRQWUROV*DOHFWLQOHYHOLQEORRGDQGSHULWRQHDOÀXLGZDVPHDVXUHG by ELISA and statistical analysis was done. Endometriosis was clinically graded according to the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASRM criteria). Results: The mean value of Galectin-1 level in the blood (1.51 ± 0.53 pg/ml) of patients was found to be higher as compared to Galectin-1 level in blood of controls (0.91 ± 0.45 pg/ml). The increase in *DOHFWLQLQEORRGRIFDVHVZDVIRXQGWREHVLJQL¿FDQWDVFRPSDUHG WRFRQWUROVS $VLJQL¿FDQWVWURQJSRVLWLYHFRUUHODWLRQZDV REVHUYHGEHWZHHQ*DOHFWLQOHYHOVLQEORRGDQGWKHSHULWRQHDOÀXLG U S RI SDWLHQWV$ VLJQL¿FDQW SRVLWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ was observed between the clinical severity grading of disease with WKH*DOHFWLQOHYHOVLQWKHVHUXPDQGSHULWRQHDOÀXLGRISDWLHQWVU 0.858, p<0.001 and r= 0.452, p=0.014 ) respectively. Conclusion: Galectin-1 is associated with endometriosis and can serve as a possible marker of the disease.

FO49 Utility of saliva for measurement of thyroid hormones Sriram Naresh, Aparna R Bitla, Alok Sachan Background: 6DOLYD DV DQ DOWHUQDWLYH ELRORJLFDO ÀXLG RI FKRLFH to blood in diagnosing systemic diseases evolved due to its noninvasive nature of collection. There is little information on levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin) and T3 levels in saliva. The study was thus taken up to study the suitability of saliva for measurement of thyroid hormones in comparison to serum. Material and Methods: Fasting saliva and serum samples were collected from 30 healthy individuals for measurement of total T3(TT3), total T4(TT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3 (FT3), free T4(FT4).Timed samples were collected from 10 subjects for the evaluation of diurnal variation. Results: The thyroid hormones studied i.e TT3, TT4, FT4 and 76+ ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ VHUXP ZKHQ FRPSDUHG WR VDOLYD S $VLJQL¿FDQWSRVLWLYHFRUUHODWLRQZDVIRXQGEHWZHHQVHUXP and salivary TSH (r=0.420, p=0.001). Variations in salivary TSH UHÀHFWHGWKHSDWWHUQVHHQLQVHUXP76++RZHYHUWKHUHZDVODFNRI agreement between measurement of TSH in serum and saliva when DVVHVVHGXVLQJ%ODQG$OWPDQDQG0RXQWDLQSORWV Conclusion: Saliva cannot be used as an alternate sample for analysis of thyroid hormones.

FO50 Cholesterol ester transfer protein taq 1b polymorphism, physical activity and alcohol use are determinants of plasma HDL-C and its subunits in Indian industrial population Atanu Sen, Ransi Ann Abraham, D Prabhakaran, K. S Reddy, Lakshmy Ramakrishnan All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Introduction: &KROHVWHURO HVWHU WUDQVIHU SURWHLQ &(73 UHJXODWHV plasma lipid distribution and is associated with HDL-c. The effect

Ind J Clin Biochem

of lifestyle factors and genotype on HDL-c and its subunits have also EHHQVKRZQLQVSHFL¿FJURXSVVXFKDVDWKOHWHV,QWKLVVWXG\WKHOHYHO of HDL-c subtraction in a large Indian industrial population has been assessed and the effect of life style factors such as physical activity, DOFRKROXVHDVZHOODVJHQRW\SH&(737DT%SRO\PRUSKLVP RQWKH sub fraction studied. Methods: We assessed the HDL-c levels, its subunits HDL-2 and HDL-3 in 6652 individuals in the Sentinel surveillance Study in LQGXVWULDOSRSXODWLRQ66,3 VWXG\*HQRW\SLQJRI&(73UV was also accomplished in a sub-sample of 2000 individuals. The DVVRFLDWLRQRI&(73613SK\VLFDODFWLYLW\DOFRKROXVHZLWK+'/F HDL2 and HDL3 were examined. Results: The mean HDL-c and its sub fractions HDL-2 and HDL-3 levels in the population were 41.68±9.98/39.08±9.6; 18.82±5.84/17.34±5.81; 22.89±5.59/21.8±5.32 respectively in males and females. The levels of HDL-c, HDL-2 and HDL-3 were VLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQSK\VLFDOO\DFWLYHJURXSEXWPRUHSURQRXQFHGLQ female. HDL-c and HDL-2 were also higher in individuals practicing yoga as compared to non-practitioner; 41.15±9.65/40.09±9.877 (p<0.0029) and 18.90±6.12 / 17.83±5.84 respectively. HDL-c, +'/ DQG +'/ OHYHOV ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ VXEMHFWV consuming alcohol as compared to individuals not taking alcohol (49.522±11.43/40.11±9.84 mg/dl, 19.89±6.73/17.93±5.67 m/dl and 23.752±5.979/22.222±5.46 mg/dl respectively). +'/ OHYHO ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ LQGLYLGXDOV ZLWK %% JHQRW\SHFRPSDUHGWR%%DQGWKHDVVRFLDWLRQEHFDPHSRVLWLYHIRU DOOWKUHHJHQRW\SHV%%%%DQG%%LQKHDY\SK\VLFDODFWLYLW\ JURXSWKRXJKQRWVLJQL¿FDQW$OFRKROXVHZDVSRVLWLYHO\FRUUHODWHG ZLWK +'/F +'/ DQG +'/ HYHQ LQ SHUVRQV ZLWK %% DQG %%JHQRW\SHV Conclusions: A high HDL-3 level was found as compared to HDL LQ WKH SRSXODWLRQ 3UHVHQW VWXG\ GHOLQHDWHV WKH HIIHFW RI SK\VLFDO activity, yoga and alcohol consumption on plasma HDL-c and its subfractions, with emphasis on physical activity especially in women.

FO51 Bridging the gap between the doctors laboratory of “wrong” biochemical reports

andthe

Biswajit Saha Joint Director (M&HS) & HoD, Deptt of Biochemistry, Durgapur Steel Plant Hospital, Durgapur, WB Introduction : Commonly, a loose remark is passed by the doctors regarding the credibility of the biochemical reports particularly when the same do not corroborate with their diagnosis without analysing in depth the probable cause of such mismatch and advise for repeat testing which may not reproduce similar results always but at times shows grossly different levels. This creates confusion not only to the PHGLFDO FDUHJLYHUV EXW DOVR WR WKH SDWLHQW LQFOXGLQJ SDWLHQW¶V SDUW\ particularly when admitted, more importantly in critical condition. Aims and Objectives : To go into the depth for root cause analysis of these so-called “wrong” reports to have a proper explanation. Materials and Methods : 3DWLHQWV ZKR FDPH ZLWK YHUEDO DQG written comments by the treating doctors regarding doubts of biochemical reports from the outdoor and fresh sample for repeat

testing from the indoor. Also, after observing grossly abnormal or confusing reports from the both from outdoor and indoor samples, outdoor patients were advised to meet directly basically for interaction and indoor patients were physically seen including perusal of the details of treatment. Results and Conclusion : The causes of so-called “wrong” reports were due to preanalytical errors presumably committed unknowingly in most cases and less commonly chemical interference due to drugs coupled with inadequate information and hitherto unknown reasons. 7KHµEXV\¶GRFWRUVHLWKHUDUHUHDOO\LJQRUDQWRUGRQRWZDQWWRVSHQG time to look into the probable cause of such abnormalities or are under the preconceived ideas/ assumptions leading to such prompt loose comment of “wrong” reports.

FO52 ,QÀXHQFHRICYP2C9 gene polymorphism on the daily maintenance dose of acenocoumarol in Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) patients with mechanical valves – a south Indian study S. R. Kalpana, G. Bharath, C. N. Manjunath, Rita Christopher Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru Introduction: India has a high burden of Rheumatic fever and Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) mainly affecting young population OHDGLQJ WR VLJQL¿FDQW PRUELGLW\ DQG PRUWDOLW\ &KURQLF 5+' DUH treated with valve replacement surgery and requires life-long anticoagulant therapy such as acenocoumarol, which has a narrow therapeutic window. Inter-individual variability depends on genetic LQÀXHQFHVDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOIDFWRUV Aims and objectives: To investigate the prevalence of Cytochrome S&<3 &JHQHSRO\PRUSKLVPLQ5+'SDWLHQWVRI6RXWK,QGLDQ RULJLQDQGWRHYDOXDWHWKHLQÀXHQFHRI&<3&JHQHSRO\PRUSKLVPV on pharmacodynamics of acenocoumarol and their response to interindividual variation. Materials and Methods: The study cohort consisted of 301 RHD patients with mechanical heart valves, on acenocoumarol therapy ZLWKVWDEOHWKHUDSHXWLF,15EHWZHHQDQG&<3& SRO\PRUSKLVPVZHUHGHWHUPLQHGE\3&55)/3PHWKRG&RUUHODWLRQ between genotypes and mean acenocoumarol daily dosage was HYDOXDWHGXVLQJ6366VRIWZDUH Results::LOGJHQRW\SH ZDVWKHPRVWSUHYDOHQW IROORZHG E\ DQG *1/*1 required a mean acenocoumarol daily dose of 2.64 ± 1.03mg, a moderately higher dose as compared to 2.20±0.60 and 2.10±0.90 mg for heterozygous *1/*2 and *1/*3 respectively. Conclusion: 3UHVHQFHRIZLOGJHQRW\SHUHTXLUHGKLJKHUGRVH as compared to mutants. Only in male patients, bearing any mutant DOOHOHRI&<3&JHQHLQGHSHQGHQWO\LQFUHDVHGWKHRGGVRIUHTXLULQJ lower dosage of acenocoumarol when adjusted with age, smoking DQG DOFRKRO 2GGV UDWLR DW &RQ¿GHQFH ,QWHUYDO 3 3DWLHQWVZKRZHUHRQFRQFRPLWDQWPHGLFDWLRQOLNHGLJR[LQ and furosemide also required lower mean daily dose.

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FO53 Truncal obesity indices as predictive factors for obstructive sleep apnea Anusha Rao Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease characterized by collapse of pharyngeal airways which leads to oxygen desaturations, sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness. Obesity is the major risk factor for OSA. Aim: To Optimize the use of polysomnography in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). To assess the predictive value of truncal obesity measurements in the diagnosis of OSA. Methods and Procedures: One sixty one patients, who were suspected to have OSA underwent an overnight polysomnography study and their truncal obesity measurements were obtained. Results: Correlation between truncal obesity indices like waist hip UDWLR QHFN FLUFXPIHUHQFH %0, DQG 6OHHS LQGLFHV VXFK DV DSQHD K\SRSQHDLQGH[ZDVREVHUYHGXVLQJ3HDUVRQ¶VFRUUHODWLRQFRHI¿FLHQW According to our study, there was a positive correlation between the truncal obesity indices and OSA. However only correlation of waist KLSUDWLRDQG26$ZDVREVHUYHGWREHVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQW Discussion: Obtaining simple measurements may help prioritize the XVHRI3RO\VRPQRJUDSK\LQSDWLHQWVZLWKULVNRI26$

FO54 $QJLRJHQLFJHQHH[SUHVVLRQSUR¿OLQJLQ1RQDOFRKROLF Fatty Liver Diseases (NAFLD) Savneet kaur, Mohsin Hassan, Hamda Sidiqqui, Maria Thomas, Rania Dayoub, Shiv k Sarin, Thomas s Weiss Gautam Buddha University, Institute of Liver and Biliary sciences, Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Children Hospital (kuno) Background and Aim: Studies suggest that hepatic angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the pathophyisology of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). However, underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the angiogenic gene expression in patients with NAFLD and also studied their correlation with the clinical parameters of these patients. The functions of the correlated genes were further analyzed by in vitro studies. Patients and Methods: Microarray differential gene expression analysis in liver tissues of healthy controls (Gr1, n=7) and patients with steatosis (Gr2, n=7), and patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (Gr 3, n=8) using affymetrix gene chips were conducted. Among all 556 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), a subset of about 22 DEGs associated with lipid metabolism, hypoxia and angiogenesis were selected for further studies. Validation of the selected genes was carried on a larger sample size of 145 liver tissues (Gr1: 40, *U *U E\ KLJK WKURXJKSXW ÀXLGLJP G\QDPLF DUUD\V IRU 7DT0DQ 3&5 7KHVH YDOLGDWHG '(*V ZHUH WKHQ FRUUHODWHG ZLWK FOLQLFDOSDUDPHWHUVRIWKHSDWLHQWVWKH1$)/'DFWLYLW\VFRUH¿EURVLV and angiogenesis score (CD31-positive cells). Further, in vitro coculture studies were performed to investigate the effect of steatotic hepatocytes on the angiogeneic gene expression and functions of endothelial cells (ECs).

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Results: $ERXW JHQHV LQFOXGLQJ 9(*)5 3,.&$ &;&/ 126 (5(* &&/ 35.&( 33$5JDPPD 352. 581; 6,57 +02; DQG &;&5 VKRZHG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ GLIIHUHQW JHQH H[SUHVVLRQ LQ WKH 573&5 DQDO\VLV LQ *U DV FRPSDUHG WR *U 3 HDFK ZKHUHDV JHQHV VXFK DV 3,.&$ &;&/ 126 &&/352.581;DQG+02;ZHUHGLIIHUHQWLDOO\H[SUHVVHG LQ *U LQ FRPSDULVRQ WR *U 3 HDFK $ IHZ JHQHV 33$5 JDPPD6,579(*)5+02;3,.&$&;&5352.DQG &&/ DOVR VKRZHG FRUUHODWLRQV ZLWK ¿EURVLV VFRUHV DQJLRJHQHVLV scores and NAFLD activity scores of the patients. In the in vitro studies, treatment of ECs with conditioned media from steatotic hepatocytes enhanced the expression of genes including VEGFR1, &;&56,57DQG+02;DQGDOVRWKHLUGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQDQGWXEH formation potential. Conclusion: 7KH FXUUHQW VWXG\ LGHQWL¿HV DQJLRJHQLF JHQH SOD\HUV LQYROYHGLQWKHSDWKRJHQHVLVRI1$)/'7KHLQYLWURVWXGLHVFRQ¿UP WKDWVRPHRIWKHVHJHQHVDUHDOVRVLJQL¿FDQWO\H[SUHVVHGLQWKH(&V under steatotic conditions and hence may affect their angiogenic functions in these diseases.

FO55 Standardization of serum / urine argininosuccinate (ASA) levels by liquid chromatography technique: establishing for urea cycle disorders Vanita Lal, Praveen Sharma, Manish Parakh, Daisy Arora Khera, Garima Gupta All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur

A

mong the inborn errors of the all essential urea cycle, argininosuccinic aciduria is the second in incidence. Argininosuccinate (ASA) is one of the 6 intermediates in the Urea &\FOH 4XDOLWDWLYH GHWHFWLRQ RI $6$ LQ XULQH RI WKHVH SDWLHQWV LV QRW GLI¿FXOW EXW TXDQWL¿FDWLRQ RI$6$ LV WULFN\ ,W LV DFLG ODELOH degrades with moderately high temperature It cannot be estimated OLNHRWKHUDPLQRDFLGVRQ5HYHUVH3KDVH+3/&,WQHHGVVWULQJHQW temperature (22 degrees peltier control) and pressure control & has to eluted separately. Earlier assays relied on conversion of ASA to F\FOLFDQK\GULGHVSULRUWRDQDO\VLV%XWFDXWLRQVKRXOGEHSXWIRUWK against this procedure since recovery may not be complete making procedures not requiring such conversions preferable. We report here a simple and rapid assay in which ASA is determined directly LQXQWUHDWHGXULQH SODVPDE\DQDFFHOHUDWHG53+3/&3URFHGXUH ZKLFKLVEDVHGRQVHSDUDWLRQRI23$±DPLQRDFLGVRQUHYHUVHSKDVH =RUED[(FOLSVH& FROXPQ Material and Methods: 2 3KWKDOGLDOGHK\GH 23$ DQG %DULXP VDOW RI $UJLQLQRVFXFFLQLF DFLG ZHUH IURP 6LJPD$ IUHVK 23$ solution was used in methanol followed by addition of 50 microlitre RI %HWDPHUFDSWRHWKDQRO DQG PO RI PROO VRGLXP ERUDWH ,maintaining pH if 9.4.It was left in darl for 24 hours for derivstization & digestion to take .Flouresecence detector (338 excitation and 425 HPLVVLRQ ¿OWHUV ZDV XVHG6ROYHQW$ ZDV PHWKDQROWHWUDK\GURIXUDQ (THF),(sodium acetate and sodium hydrogen phosphate) in 2:2:96 S+ ZLWK 1 DFHWLF DFLG 6RYHQW % ZDV PHWKDQRO ZDWHU LQ 65:35.A 10 microlitre of sample being injected ,a peak at 6.86 min was found..The identity of this peak with ASA was established by the addition of commercial ASA to the control urine sample.and one to patients sample.The area of the peak at 6.86 minutes was proportional to the amount of ASA.

Ind J Clin Biochem

Conclusion: The important advantages of the present over previous assays for ASA are speed and simplicity. It takes only 8 minutes for the chromatographic procedure to take the next sample and does not GHSDUWIURPWKHURXWLQH+3/&3URFHGXUHIRU$PLQR$FLGV)XUWKHU ASA/Creatinine ration can be done for estimation of daily excretion 6LQFHKHWHUR]\JRWHVKDYHEHHQUHSRUWHGWRH[FUHWHVLJQL¿FDQWO\PRUH ASA than normal humans (though much less than gross patients) this assay method appears suitable for detection of the carrier state.

FO56 Association of CRP +1846c/t (rs1205) gene polymorphism with psoriasis risk in South Indian Tamils Anjana.S, Medha Rajappa, Laxmisha Chandrashekar, Thappa DM., Santhosh Satheesh, Adithan Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India

I

ntroduction: 3VRULDVLV LV D 7K7K PHGLDWHG LQÀDPPDWRU\ disease of skin. The concept of “psoriatic march” explains SVRULDVLV DV D VWDWH RI V\VWHPLF LQÀDPPDWLRQ WKDW VWDUWV IURP VNLQ DQGOHDGVWRWKHFDUGLRYDVFXODUFRPRUELGLWLHV3UHYLRXVVWXGLHVKDYH UHSRUWHGDVVRFLDWLRQRI613UVLQWKHLQÀDPPDWRU\PDUNHU&53 gene with cardio-metabolic co-morbidities in previous studies. We VWXGLHGWKHDVVRFLDWLRQRIUV613ZLWKVXVFHSWLELOLW\WRSVRULDVLV in South Indian population. Methodology: 300 cases with psoriasis and 300 controls were enrolled. Severity grading was done using psoriasis area severity LQGH[ 3$6, VFRULQJ *HQRW\SLQJ RI &53 UV ZDV GRQH E\ 7DTPDQ ¶ DOOHOH GLVFULPLQDWLRQ DVVD\ 3ODVPD &53 OHYHOV ZHUH assayed using commercially available ELISA kits. Results: :H IRXQG WKDW &53 613 UV ZDV QRW DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK psoriasis susceptibility in our South Indian Tamil population. &LUFXODWLQJ OHYHOV RI KV&53 ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ SDWLHQWV with psoriasis, as compared with controls (p<0.0001). However, the SURWHLQOHYHOVZHUHQRWVLJQL¿FDQWO\DVVRFLDWHGZLWKGLVHDVHVHYHULW\ DV DVVHVVHG E\ 3$6, VFRULQJ 1R JHQRW\SH ZDV IRXQG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ DVVRFLDWHGZLWK3$6,RU&53OHYHOVDOVR Conclusion: 2XU UHVXOWV VXJJHVW WKDW WKH 613 &53 UV LV QRW associated with psoriasis risk in South Indian Tamil population.

FO57 Evaluation of serum levels of CEA, LDH and beta 2 microglobulin in patients of non hodgkin lymphoma Garima Gupta, Veena Singh Ghalaut, V Lokanathan Vanitalal, Shailjachambial, Praveen Sharma All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, PGIMS, Rohtak Aim: To assess the clinical value of combined detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and %HWDPLFURJOREXOLQ%0 LQSDWLHQWVRI1RQ+RGJNLQlymphoma as potential tumor markers. Materials and methods: 50 diagnosed cases of NHL and 50 age and sex matched healthy controls were included in the study. Serum levels of CEA were done by two-site sandwich immunoassay using direct chemiluminometric technology. Serum LDH was estimated by

DXWRPDWHGELRFKHPLVWU\DQDO\]HUDQG%0ZDVGRQHXVLQJHQ]\PH linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Routine investigations LQFOXGLQJ &%& (65 VHUXP DOEXPLQ KHPRJORELQ HWF ZHUH DOVR done in both the groups. Staging and International prognostic index ,3, ULVNVFRULQJZHUHDOVRGRQHDWWKHWLPHRIGLDJQRVLVRISDWLHQWV Results: The results showed that as compared with control group, the /'+&($DQG%0OHYHOVLQ1+/JURXSZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHU 3 &RPSDUHG ZLWK ORZ ULVN SDWLHQWV WKH OHYHOV RI DOO WKH three markers were higher in intermediate and high risk patients. As FRPSDUHGZLWKSDWLHQWVDWVWDJH,DQG,,WKH/'+&($DQG%0 OHYHOVRISDWLHQWVDWVWDJH,,,DQG,9LQFUHDVHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\3 Conclusion: &RPELQHG GHWHFWLRQ RI /'+ &($ DQG %0 FDQ EH helpful to assist diagnosis as well as staging of NHL patients. Key Words: Lactate dehydrogenase, carcinoembryonic antigen, beta 2 microglobulin, Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

FO58 Study of DNA methylation status of BRCA1 gene in breast carcinoma H S Batra, S Sampath, D Aggarwal, P Misra, S K Yadav Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharastra Introduction: (SLJHQHWLF PRGL¿FDWLRQV OLNH '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ DUH changes in DNA structure that do not involve sequence changes but are stably inherited. It is well established that germ-line PXWDWLRQV LQ WXPRU VXSSUHVVRU JHQHV VXFK DV %5&$ SUHGLVSRVH ZRPHQWREUHDVWFDQFHU6LJQL¿FDQFHRIWKHHSLJHQHWLFVLOHQFLQJRI %5&$ LV IXQFWLRQDOO\ HTXLYDOHQW WR FDUU\LQJ D JHUPOLQH %5&$ PXWDWLRQ7KHORVVRI%5&$H[SUHVVLRQDVVRFLDWHGZLWKSURPRWHU K\SHUPHWK\ODWLRQ GLVUXSWV %5&$DVVRFLDWHG '1$ UHSDLU DQG PD\ VHQVLWL]H WXPRUV WR %5&$GLUHFWHG WKHUDSLHV 7KLV LV WKH EDVLV RI Demethylating agents like 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine enhancing the susceptibility of breast cancer cells to anticancer agents .Thus, the GHWHUPLQDWLRQRIPHWK\ODWLRQVWDWXVRI%5&$PD\EHDQLPSRUWDQW SUHGLFWLYHFODVVL¿HURIUHVSRQVHWRWDUJHWHGFKHPRWKHUDS\ Aim and Objective: To study the DNA Methylation status in the SURPRWHUUHJLRQRI%5&$JHQHIURPELRSV\WLVVXHRIHLJKW\EUHDVW carcinoma cases Materials and Methods: DNA was extracted from eighty cases of +3( SURYHQ EUHDVW FDQFHU ELRSV\ WLVVXH7KLV '1$ ZDV ELVXOSKLWH PRGL¿HGDQG0HWK\ODWLRQ6SHFL¿F3&5ZDVGRQHRQPRGL¿HG'1$ WR GHWHFW PHWK\ODWLRQ SDWWHUQ$PSOL¿HG SURGXFWV ZHUH UXQ RQ JHO electrophoresis and analyzed under UV transilluminator. Result: 0HWK\ODWLRQ ZDV REVHUYHG LQ SDWLHQWV LQ SURPRWHU UHJLRQRI%5&$JHQH7KHUHODWLRQEHWZHHQPHWK\ODWLRQDQGWXPRU size, age, menopause status was compared and found statistically VLJQL¿FDQW Conclusion: 0HWK\ODWLRQ LQ SDWLHQWV LQ SURPRWHU UHJLRQ RI %5&$ JHQH VXJJHVW WKDW '1$ SURPRWHU K\SHUPHWK\ODWLRQ PD\ be a potential mechanism accounting for sporadic breast carcinoma. (SLJHQHWLFPRGL¿FDWLRQFDQEHXVHGDVDSRZHUIXOPROHFXODUPDUNHU for detecting women early who are potentially predisposed to breast cancer.

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FO59 Association of a novel serum marker - SFRP4 in patients with endometriosis Neelam M Pawar1, Priyanka Gupta1, Pratap Kumar2, Shaiesta Amreen2, Azadeh Bagheri 1, Pragna Rao1 1 Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal. 2 Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal. Introduction: $QLQÀDPPDWLRQPHGLDWRUFDOOHGVHFUHWHGIUL]]OHG UHODWHGSURWHLQ6)53 LVFORVHO\UHODWHGZLWKLVFORVHO\UHODWHG with endometrium tissue . The purpose of the study was to test the IHDVLELOLW\RIVHUXP6)53DVDQRQLQYDVLYHGLDJQRVWLFELRPDUNHU for different grades of endometriosis and to study the presence of 6)53LQWKHSHULWRQHDOÀXLGRIWKHVHSDWLHQWV Aims and Objectives: 7R FRUUHODWH VHUXP SHULWRQHDO ÀXLG 3) OHYHOVRI6)53LQZRPHQZLWKHQGRPHWULRVLV Materials and methods: A hospital based cross sectional case control study was carried out on women who were admitted for operative ODSDURVFRS\ IRU WKH GLDJQRVLV RI HQGRPHWULRVLV %DVHG RQ WKHLU grading according to the revised American Society of Reproductive Medicine (rASRM), 21 patients with endometriosis aged 15– 45 years DQGDJHPDWFKHGKHDOWK\FRQWUROVZHUHLQFOXGHGLQWKHVWXG\3) was collected in sterile syringe- only for the cases during laparoscopy IURPWKH3RXFKRI'RXJODV9HQRXV%ORRGZDVFROOHFWHGLQVWHULOHUHG FDSSHGYDFXWDLQHUVERWKIRUFDVHVDQGFRQWUROVJURXSVV)53ZDV estimated by ELISA method.

Materials & Methods: %\ VROYHQW H[WUDFWLRQV DFLG K\GURO\VLV chromatography followed by crystallization, a compound was isolated from the leaves of A. conyzoides L. To note anti gastric ulcer activity of the isolated compound, if any, Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into four groups: Control, Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) treated, Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) along with isolated compound (50 mg/kg), Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) along with Ranitidine (50 mg/kg). $IWHUWKHFRPSOHWLRQRIH[SHULPHQWUDWVZHUHVDFUL¿FHG6WRPDFKV were taken out and examined for ulcers for evaluation of ulcer index. Characterization of the compound was done by infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Results: Compound isolated from Ageratum conyzoides L VLJQL¿FDQWO\ UHGXFHG XOFHU LQGH[ LQ UDWV LQGXFHG E\ LQGRPHWKDFLQ Results were comparable to that of ranitidine, a standard anti-ulcer drug. Analysis of spectral data revealed that the isolated compound was 1,3,5-trihydroxy-7-methylanthracene-9,10-dione.s Conclusion:1,3,5-trihydroxy-7-methylanthracene-9,10-dione present in the leaves of A. conyzoides L. was responsible for anti-gastric ulcer activity in indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in albino rats.

FO61 Twelve tips for a successful tutor in small group teaching in a medical school using integrated and problem based learning approach Abdullah Mohamed Alshahrani, Mohammad Muzaffar Mir University of Bisha,Bisha, Aseer Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Results: 0HDQ RI VHUXP DQG 3) OHYHOV RI V)53 LQ HQGRPHWULRVLV patients was found to be 7244.8 ± 3633.6 pg/ml & 6426.2 ± 3605.7 pg/ml, respectively & that in serum of controls was 3871.0 ± 2077.8 SJPO6HUXPV)53OHYHOVRIFDVHVZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\HOHYDWHGZKHQ compared to controls (p=0.001). Additionally, circulating levels of V)53 ZHUH DOVR VLJQL¿FDQWO\ UDLVHG LQ FDVHV ZLWKLQ JUDGH DQG grade 4 when compared with that of controls (p <0.01 , p <0.01, UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7RWDO VHUXP V)53 OHYHOV ZHUH SRVLWLYHO\ FRUUHODWHG ZLWK3)V)53U S

Background: The small group teaching (SGT) has become more and more admirable as a teaching strategy especially in medical schools for last few decades

Conclusion:$QLQFUHDVHLQVHUXPV)53FRUUHODWHVZLWKSHULWRQHDO ÀXLG FRQFHQWUDWLRQV DQG DFFRPSDQLHV LQFUHDVLQJ JUDGHV RI Endometriosis.

Discussion: Switching roles between a traditional teacher and D IDFLOLWDWRU HQWDLOV D FRFNWDLO RI VHOI FRQ¿GHQFH VWURQJ GHVLUH WR change and a taste for team work. The following twelve attributes and salient features are a key to success.

FO60 Isolation and characterization of a compound from the leaves of Ageratum conyzoides linn responsible for anti-gastric ulcer activity in albino rats Prasenjit Mitra, Praveen Sharma, Tanaya Ghosh, Prasanta Kumar Mitra All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur Introduction: Ageratum conyzoides Linn (A. conyzoides L.) is a medicinal plant under the family asteraceae. Modern researchers claimed that A. conyzoides L. has antibacterial and anti-tumor activity. It also has wound healing effect. We have noted anti gastric ulcer activity of the leaves of A. conyzoides L. in indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in albino rats. Aims & Objectives: To isolate and characterize the active ingredient from the leaves of A. conyzoides L. responsible for anti-gastric ulcer activity in albino rats

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Perspectives: The role of the tutor in small group teaching is of paramount importance to the success of SGT and the tutor is more of a facilitator than a didactic lecturer. Some may see this as diminishing the role of a teacher but in reality it facilitates the empowering of both the teacher and the learner.

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Ind J Clin Biochem

FO62 Sending patient report as SMS. A one year experience A K Harith

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espite the fact that automation in instrumentation has transformed clinical biochemistry, a large number of hospitals, especially in the government sector is still resorting to manual handeling of biochemistry data. The major problem faced by these laboratories relate to dispatch of results to the clientele. There is a VLJQL¿FDQWWLPHJDSEHWZHHQJHQHUDWLRQRIWKHUHVXOWVDQGWKHSDWLHQW clinician actually getting them. Hence it was proposed to digitilise the biochemistry reports adn send them to the patients as SMS. We present our one year experience of doing so. Material and Methods : Digitilisation of biochemistry reports was done by entering the results manually in an MS Access database. This module was developed inhouse. The module was then linked with WKH606GLVSDWFKPRGXOH)RUWKLVZHXVHGWKHVHUYLFHVRID¿UPIRU DQ¿UP0V9¿UVW7HFKIRUDFRVWRI5V3DWLHQWUHSRUWVZDV entered manually along with their mobile number. Once the reports were validated, the same were sent automatically to the patients by the module. Results : A total of 56300 reports have been sent so far (approx 165 SMS per day). The turn around time from generation of reports to dispatch of results was brought down from one day to a few hours. 'HSHQGHQFH RQ KDQG ZULWWHQ UHSRUWV UHGXFHG E\ RYHU 7KHUH ZHUHFDVHVZKRGLGQRWUHFHLYHWKH606HYHQDIWHUSURYLGLQJ valid mobile numbers, because of some inherrent problems in the module. Currently we are working on including hematology reports on the similar lines. Conclusion : Sending reports as SMS to patients is an easy and effective way to bridge the gap between report generation and report dispatch to the clientele, which can be adopted by most of the laboratories with minimum investment.

FO63 $QWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ DQWLR[LGDQW DQG UDGLDWLRQ mitigating effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Persea americana in albino wistar rats Amith Kumar1, Reshma Kumarchandra1, Rajalakshmi Rai2 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

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KH SUHVHQW VWXG\ ZDV DLPHG WR HYDOXDWH DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ DQWLR[LGDQW UDGLDWLRQ PLWLJDWLQJ HIIHFW RI 3HUVHD DPHULFDQD DJDLQVW ;UD\V LQ DOELQR ZLVWDU UDWV 5DWV ZHUH RUDOO\ DGPLQLVWHUHG ZLWKPJNJERG\ZHLJKW RI3DPHULFDQDOHDI H[WUDFWIRU¿YHGD\V2QWKH¿IWKGD\DIWHUODVWDGPLQLVWUDWLRQDQLPDOV ZHUH H[SRVHG WR ZKROH ERG\ ; UD\V RI *\ %DVHG RQ .DSODQ 0HLHU¶V VXUYLYDO DQDO\VLV PJNJ ERG\ ZHLJKW ZDV VHOHFWHG DV an optimum dose for radioprotection. The antioxidant activity of 3 americana ZDV HYDOXDWHG IRU '33+ DQG QLWULF R[LGH IUHH UDGLFDO VFDYHQJLQJ DFWLYLW\ 7KH +3/& DQDO\VLV ZDV FDUULHG LQ WKH FUXGH extracts to know the important bio constituents which are responsible for present radio protective property. The radio protective potential

was analysed by bone marrow micronucleus test & comet assay in SHULSKHUDO EORRG O\PSKRF\WHV 7KH %LRFKHPLFDO HVWLPDWLRQV ZHUH SHUIRUPHGLQOLYHUWLVVXHKRPRJHQDWHV+HSDWLF&2;OHYHOVZHUH analysed by ELISA method. Furthermore Radioprotective activity was assessed by Histopathological evaluation of small intestine of LUUDGLDWHGDQLPDOV:KROHERG\H[SRVXUHWR;UD\VGLVSOD\HGLQFUHDVH LQ WKH LQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHUV ZKHQ FRPSDUHG WR QRUPDO FRQWUROV 3 7KH LQÀDPPDWLRQ ZDV UHGXFHG LQ 3 americana pretreated groups when compared to radiation control. DNA damage LQGLFDWRUV DQDO\VHG WKURXJK FRPHW DVVD\ GLVSOD\HG VLJQL¿FDQW UHGXFWLRQ LQ 2OLYH WDLO PRYHPHQW 3 SHUFHQWDJH '1$ LQ WDLO3 DQGWDLOOHQJWK3 LQSUHWUHDWHGJURXSZKHQ FRPSDUHGWRUDGLDWLRQJURXS3americana leaf extract restored the levels of reduced glutathione, catalase, and reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls and cyclooxygenase-2 levels in liver homogenates of pre-treated group compared to radiation control. 'HFUHDVH LQ PLFURQXFOHDWHG SRO\FKURPDWLF HU\WKURF\WHV 3 ZDVZLWQHVVHGLQ3americana pre-treated group when compared to UDGLDWLRQFRQWURO3UHWUHDWPHQWDOVRUHVXOWHGLQWKHLQFUHDVHRIDQLPDO survival with dose reduction factor (DRF) of 1.28. The histological observations indicated a decline in the villus height and crypt number with an increase in goblet and dead cell population in the irradiated JURXS ZKLFK ZDV QRUPDOL]HG E\ SUH WUHDWPHQW ZLWK 3 americana. 2XU¿QGLQJVIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDW3americana gives VLJQL¿FDQWSURWHFWLRQWRUDWVIURPZKROHERG\H[SRVXUHWR;UD\VDQG helps in antagonising the radiation effects in vivo, thereby combating acute radiation induced damages in living system.

FO64 Comparison of HOMA-IR index and TYG index for measuring insulin resistance in chronically transfused patients with beta thalassemia major Arif Mohammed Ansari 1, Bhat Kamalakshi G1, Harsha Prasada L2, Poornima Manjrekar 3 1 Department of Paediatrics, 2Department of Hemato Oncology, 3 Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Background: Iron overload is one of the most important complication of beta thalassemia major. The prevalence of impaired glucose WROHUDQFHDQGGLDEHWHVLQWKDODVVHPLDYDULHVIURPDQG WRUHVSHFWLYHO\,QVXOLQUHVLVWDQFHLVDQLPSRUWDQWPHFKDQLVP for abnormal glucose metabolism which can be measured by HOMA-IR index which is an accepted standard. TYG index has been proposed as a newer alternative method. Objectives: a) To study the proportion of insulin resistance in %HWD 7KDODVVHPLD PDMRU SDWLHQWV RQ UHJXODU EORRG WUDQVIXVLRQ E To compare TYG index with HOMA IR index. c) To assess the validity of TYG Index for measuring insulin resistance in chronically WUDQVIXVHG%HWD7KDODVVHPLDPDMRUSDWLHQWV Methodology: %HWD7KDODVVHPLD0DMRUSDWLHQWVLQWKHDJHJURXS of >5 yrs, who were on regular blood transfusion, for atleast a period of 3 years with a serum ferritin value > 1500 ng/ml. The Fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride and serum ferritin were measured by using fully automatic clinical chemistry analyzer and Serum insulin using ELISA KIT.HOMA-IR and TYG were calculated using standard formulas using the above mentioned parameters4. Association between insulin resistance and important and different

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outcome variables were tested using Chi square test, Fischers Exact WHVWDQG3HDUVRQ¶VFRUUHODWLRQFRHI¿FLHQW52&FXUYHZDVJHQHUDWHG IRU7<*LQGH[DQGVHQVLWLYLW\DQGVSHFL¿FLW\ZHUHFDOFXODWHG Results: $PRQJWKHSDWLHQWV,QVXOLQUHVLVWDQFHZDVVHHQLQ XVLQJ +20$,5 LQGH[ DQG XVLQJ 7<* LQGH[ RI WKH SDWLHQWVDJHG!\HDUVDQGRIWKHSDWLHQWVZLWKVHUXPIHUULWLQ > 7000 ng/ml had insulin resistance indicated by HOMA-IR index. Mean fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, serum insulin, Ferritin values, HOMA-IR index and TYG index among beta thalassemia patients were 104.04 ± 22.615 mg/dl 164.18 ± 59 mg/dl,19.63 ± 13.75 mIU/L, 5156 ng/ml , 5.19 ± 4.28 and 3.99 ± 0.28 respectively. +20$,5KDGVWVWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWFRUUHODWLRQZLWKDJHDQGVHUXP IHUULWLQ7<*KDGDVHQVLWLYLW\RIDQGVSHFL¿FLW\RIDQG had fair agreement with HOMA-IR. Conclusion: ,QVXOLQUHVLVWDQFHZDVSUHYDOHQWLQWZRWKLUGRIWKH%HWD thalassemia patients on regular transfusion and it increased with age and serum ferritin. TYG index had fair agreement with HOMAIR index and can be recommended as a screening test for insulin resistance in such patients. Keywords: b thal, Insulin Resistance, serum insulin, Serum Ferritin, HOMA-IR, TYG

FO65 Role of beta-2-microglobulin-`2m (correlated with CD56 expression) in multiple myeloma Geeta Rathnakumar, Meera Ghadge, Nitin Inamdar, Bhoopal Shinde Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of blood cancer where uncontrolled cell division of plasma cell takes place, producing monoclonal antibodies in greater concentration. The simplest measure of prognosis in MM is based on `2m and albumin. higher levels of `2m and lower levels of albumin are associated with a poorer prognosis. `2m is a small membrane, low molecular weight protein (11,800 Dalton) associated with the heavy chains of class I major histocompatibility complex proteins and is, therefore, on the surface of all nucleated cells. Expression of CD56 is commonly used to identify abnormal plasma cells, since plasma cells from the bone marrow of healthy individual are negative for the CD56 antigen. 6HUXP 3URWHLQ (OHFWURSKRUHVLV LV FRPPRQO\ XVHG WR LGHQWLI\ patients with multiple myeloma and other disorders of serum protein. Electrophoresis separates proteins based on their physical properties, and the subsets of these proteins are used in interpreting the results. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the role of `2mm to compare `2m and CD 56 expression with other parameters and to correlate these markers to improve the diagnostic utilities of them.

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Materials and method: 32 (8 female and 23 male with age group 35-74 years) newly diagnosed and untreated patients with MM were selected. `2m was estimated using turbidimetry method and CD56 H[SUHVVLRQ XVLQJ ÀRZ F\WRPHWHU 6HUXP SURWHLQ HOHFWURSKRUHVLV 63( ZDV GRQH RQ IXOO\ DXWRPDWHG HOHFWURSKRUHVLV DQDO\]HU ,QWHUODE * 4XDQWLWDWLRQ RI ,PPXQRJOREXOLQ¶V ZHUH GRQH ZLWK nephelometry method. Conclusion: A good correlation exists between `2m & CD56 expression. Hence it may help in prognosis of MM sagregating it into subgroups. `2mZLWKDQG&'H[SUHVVLRQZLWKVSHFL¿FLW\ may be a useful additional tool for precise and early diagnosis, with 6HUXP3URWHLQ(OFWURSKRUHVLV

FO66 Knowledge, attitude and practice of diet and healthy lifestyle in medical students Sadaf Ali, Nivedita L. Rao Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Introduction: 0RGL¿FDWLRQVRIGLHWDQGDGRSWLRQRIKHDOWK\OLIHVW\OH can help prevent most coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes, colon cancer and lung cancer. For medical students the time they spend at college is a golden period to acquire and improve their knowledge, DWWLWXGHDQGSUDFWLFHVRIGLHWDQGKHDOWK\OLIHVW\OH(DUO\LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ of unhealthy practices can provide opportunity to motivate relevant changes in these medical students who, as future doctors, are important pillars of the healthcare industry. Objective: 7R VWXG\ WKH NQRZOHGJH DWWLWXGH DQG SUDFWLFH .$3 towards diet and healthy lifestyle among medical students. Materials and methods:3DUWLFLSDQWVLQFOXGHGPHGLFDOVWXGHQWV males and females, aged 19-24 years, of Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore. Statistical analysis of percentages, means, t-test and ChiVTXDUHWHVWZHUHGRQHXVLQJ6366VRIWZDUHSYDOXHRI ZDVFRQVLGHUHGDVVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWYDOXH Results and discussion: The students had adequate knowledge and positive attitude towards healthy diet and lifestyle. However there ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFHV LQ WKHLU SUDFWLFHV 0DQ\ H[SHULHQFHG moderate to high levels of stress which they related to academics, consumed a lot of coffee, skipped breakfast, craved for soft drinks DQGMXQNIRRGV%XWWKH\IROORZHGKHDOWK\SUDFWLFHVOLNHH[HUFLVHDQG other physical activities. Conclusion: Medical students have good knowledge about diet and healthy lifestyle but poor time management and academic stress are the main barriers they face. The awareness created by this study can enable the medical students to become better mediators in the prevention of these noncommunicable diseases which are becoming dominant sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide.

Ind J Clin Biochem

FO67 A comparative study of levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in patients of childhood nephrotic syndrome after short course and prolonged course of steroid therapy Surupa Basu, Biplab Maji, Aniruddha Ghosh, Jayati Sengupta, Sushmita Banerjee Institute of Child Health, Kolkata Objective: Glucocorticoids are known to cause dose dependent rise in fasting and post prandial blood sugar levels but de novo development of diabetes mellitus is uncommon. Recent studies have shown that the risk of developing hyperglycemia after corticosteroid use increases substantially with increase in dose. In childhood QHSKURWLFV\QGURPH16 WKHPDLQVWD\RIWUHDWPHQWLV3UHGQLVRORQHD glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoid induced hyperglycaemia in pediatric NS patients has not been documented before. This study aimed to study the glycemic status of relapsing NS children on higher cumulative doses of steroids for at least 6 months, by comparing with ¿UVWHSLVRGH16FKLOGUHQ)(16 ZLWKPLQLPDOVWHURLGH[SRVXUH Methods: %HWZHHQ -DQ$SULO FRQVHFXWLYH SDWLHQWV years presenting to the outpatient department of a pediatric teaching KRVSLWDOZLWK)(16ZHUHHYDOXDWHGIRUWKHLU+E$F DQGUDQGRP EORRG JOXFRVH OHYHOV 5%6 PJGO DIWHU HQG RI SULPDU\ WKHUDS\ RI SUHGQLVRORQH DV SHU WKH ,631 JXLGHOLQHV 6L[W\ WZR PRUH SDWLHQWV with relapse of NS and on at least 6 months of steroid therapy were also evaluated. NS on steroid sparing agents were excluded. Results: Of the 102 NS children, M:F ratio was 65:37, median age ZDV PRQWKVPHGLDQ%0,NJVTP5%6PHGLDQPJGO ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ FRUUHODWHG ZLWK +E$F PHGLDQ S but either failed to correlate with cumulative steroid dose (median 119 mg/kg). Comparision of FENS with relapsers, showed no VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFHV LQ +E$F EXW VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU 5%6 LQ )(16S &XPXODWLYHVWHURLGGRVHZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQ relapsers as expected (p=0.01).

XVLQJ 5)/3 DQG FRQ¿UPHG E\ probe based method and mRNA H[SUHVVLRQV ZHUH HYDOXDWHG E\ UHDOWLPH 3&5 5RFKH OLJKW F\FOHU 480). Relative mRNA and fold change gene expressions were analysed by [(1/2)6Ct] and [2-66Ct] methods respectively and 5 years follow-up were evaluated by Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test with Log-rank test for WUHQGV5HVXOWV,/P51$H[SUHVVLRQZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\HOHYDWHG LQ ** JHQRW\SHV DW RI 3&D ZLWK UHODWLYH P51$ H[SUHVVLRQ RI LH IROGV KLJKHU S DQG VKRZHG D VLJQL¿FDQW median survival of 1243 days. Moreover CC genotypes of IL-10 at both loci (-819 T/C and -592C/A) showed 3.63 and 3.52 higher relative mRNA expressions but poor survival of 984 and 1052 days than TT of 1359 days and 1371 of AA. Conclusions: Genetic variants RI SURLQÀDPPDWRU\ ZKLFK VKRZHG KLJKHU ,/ UHODWLYH P51$ H[SUHVVLRQV KDYH EHWWHU VXUYLYDO EXW YDULDQWV RI DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ IL-10 with higher relative mRNA expression demonstrated poor survival. Keywords: 3URVWDWH FDUFLQRPD *HQHWLF YDULDWLRQV 3URDQG $QWL LQÀDPPDWRU\ LQWHUOHXNLQV ,/ DQG ,/ P51$ H[SUHVVLRQ Survival.

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

Conclusions: Regular screening for hyperglycaemia in NS SDWLHQWV RQ VWHURLGV LV RI OLWWOH VLJQL¿FDQFH DV JO\FHPLF VWDWXV LV well controlled in spite of prolonged high dose steroid exposure. Higher random blood glucose in FENS may be due to active disease process.

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Genetic variability at promoters of pro-(IL-18) and anti-(IL-10) affects their mRNA expression and VXUYLYDO LQ SURVWDWH FDUFLQRPD SDWLHQWV ¿YH \HDUV follow up study in Indian population Shailendra Dwivedi#1,2, Apul Goel3, Anil Mandhani4, Sanjay Khattri2, Praveen Sharma1, Sanjeev Misra5, Kamlesh Kumar Pant2 Background: ,QÀDPPDWLRQLVDQLPSRUWDQWKDOOPDUNRIDOOFDQFHUV DQGQHWLQÀDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVHLVGHWHUPLQHGE\DGHOLFDWHEDODQFH EHWZHHQSURDQGDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\F\WRNLQHVZKLFKPD\EHDIIHFWHG by genetic make-up, so present study hypothesized that IL-18 SUR DQG,/DQWL LQÀDPPDWRU\JHQHWLFYDULDQWVDWSURPRWHUV PD\ LQÀXHQFH WKHLU P51$ H[SUHVVLRQV ZLWK VXUYLYDOV LQ SURVWDWH FDQFHU 3&D SDWLHQWV 0HWKRGV *HQHWLF YDULDQWV ZHUH VWXGLHG E\

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)2 Are genetic variants of T-helper/regulatory-T cell cytokine genes predisposing factors to psoriasis in south Indian Tamils? Indhumathi S1, Medha Rajappa1, Laxmisha Chandrashekar2, Ananthanarayanan PH1, Thappa DM2, Negi VS Departments of 1Biochemistry, 2Dermatology and 3Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India. Introduction: 3VRULDVLV LV D PXOWLJHQLF KHULWDEOH SURWRW\SLFDO 7KHOSHU 7K PHGLDWHG LQÀDPPDWRU\ GLVHDVH FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ K\SHUSUROLIHUDWLRQ RI NHUDWLQRF\WHV LQ WKH DIIHFWHG VNLQ 3VRULDVLV is known to be associated with an up-regulation of T-helper (Th)-1 cytokines and a relative down-regulation of Th-2 and T-regulatory (T-reg) cytokines. The genetic variants of these Th-1/ Th-2/ T-reg cytokine genes may act as predisposing factors for the development of psoriasis. Aims and objectives: We undertook to determine the association of 613VRI7KF\WRNLQHJHQHVVXFKDV,)1a and IL-2 and Th-2/ T-reg F\WRNLQH JHQHV VXFK DV ,/ ,/ DQG )2;3 613V ZLWK ULVN RI psoriasis in South Indian Tamils. Materials and methods: 360 cases of psoriasis and 360 healthy FRQWUROV ZHUH UHFUXLWHG LQ WKH SUHVHQW VWXG\ 613 JHQRW\SLQJ IRU IFN-a (rs2430561), IL-4 (rs2243250) and IL-10 (rs1800871) was SHUIRUPHG E\ DPSOL¿FDWLRQ UHIUDFWRU\ PXWDWLRQ V\VWHP $506 3&5 ,/ 613 UV ZDV JHQRW\SHG E\ 3&5UHVWULFWLRQ IUDJPHQW OHQJWK SRO\PRUSKLVP 5)/3 DQG ,/ UV DQG )2;3 UV ZHUH JHQRW\SHG E\ 7DT0DQ ¶ DOOHOH discrimination assay. Results: 3DWLHQWVZLWKWKHPLQRUYDULDQWJHQRW\SHRI,/UV had a reduced risk of psoriasis [p< 0.0001], whilst the homozygous minor variant genotype of IL-10 (rs1800871) conferred an increased susceptibility to psoriasis, as compared with controls [p=0.0005]. In WKHSUHVHQWVWXG\7KF\WRNLQHJHQH613V,)1a (rs2430561) and ,/UV ,/UV DQG)2;3UV 613V were not associated with psoriasis risk in South Indian Tamils. Conclusions: 2XU UHVXOWV VXJJHVW WKDW ,/ UV 613 LV SURWHFWLYH DJDLQVW SVRULDVLV ZKLOVW ,/ UV 613 FRQIHUV increased risk of psoriasis in South Indian Tamils.

Ind J Clin Biochem

FO73 A study of HDL function and proteomics in diabetes mellitus B.Gayathri, S.Thiagarajan, S.Ramalingam, Sudha Ramalingam, M.Gomathi PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. Introduction: 6\VWHPLF DQG YDVFXODU LQÀDPPDWLRQ LQ GLDEHWHV mellitus(DM) convert HDL to a dysfunctional form,with a loss of DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\ DQG DQWLR[LGDQW SURSHUWLHV LQ FRPELQDWLRQ ZLWK D JDLQ RI SURLQÀDPPDWRU\ SURWHLQV 6RXWK DVLDQV KDYH D KLJK prevalence of diabetes and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and dyslipidemia is a major contributor. Aims and objectives: This study is aimed at measuring the functionality of HDL in diabetes mellitus in terms of paraoxonase DFWLYLW\G\VIXQFWLRQDOFHOOIUHH+'/DVVD\$32$,DQGOLSLGSUR¿OH Materials and Methods: The study is conducted in three groups, I-healthy controls(n=30), II-newly diagnosed DM

with dyslipidemia(n=30), III-DM with dyslipidemia on statin therapy(n=30). Serum paraoxonase (organophosphatase) activity LV PHDVXUHG E\ ÀXRURPHWULF DVVD\ G\VIXQFWLRQDO +'/ E\ FHOO IUHHDVVD\$SR$,E\(/,6$OLSLGSUR¿OHE\LPPXQRWXUELGLPHWU\ 5HVXOWV DUH H[SUHVVHG DV PHDQ6' DQG $129$ LV XVHG LQ 6366 software for statistical analysis. Results: Serum HDL concentrations in group I,II,III are 48.45± 3.79,32.28±6.17,29.16±5.75mg/dL (p<0.05) respectively. Index of dysfunctional HDL assay in controls 1.20±0.78 vs group II 2.03±1.28,(p<0.005) group III 3.68±1.96(p<0.005).Serum paraoxonase activity in group I-0.22 , group II-0.17, group III 0.16 U/μL(p<0.05). The concentration of Apo A1 in group I,II,III is 148±28,135±36,128±31mg/dL (p<0.005) respectively. Conclusion: In patients with new onset DM and DM with dyslipidemia on treatment the anti oxidant property is impaired and dysfunctional HDL is increased compared to controls. Therapeutic intervention which would also restore the HDL function LIDSSOLHGHDUO\LQWKHQDWXUDOFRXUVHRIWKHGLVHDVHZLOOEHEHQH¿FLDO to patients.

123

Ind J Clin Biochem

Poster Presentations PO1 A Study of Preanalytical Errors in a Hospital Based Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory and Recommendation of Required Corrective Measures Hasit Lad, Dilipkava, Neeta Rana, Vibhuti Chaudhari, DVSS Ramavataram Department of Biochemistry, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research, Umarwada, Opp. Bombay Market, Gujarat, India.

Introduction: The errors associated with the total testing process in laboratory, affecting clinical decision making, may occur at the preanalytical, analytical and post-analytical phase. Aims and Objectives:7KLVVWXG\LVDLPHGDW¿QGLQJRXWWKHW\SHV and frequencies of errors recorded in pre analytical phase and recommending the corrective measures, thereby minimising the preventable errors. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of errors observed and recorded over 3 months period in clinical biochemistry laboratory at SMIMER hospital, Surat. Data analysis was done on an average of12680 samples collected and tested. Samples included EORRG XULQH DQG RWKHU ÀXLGV 3UHDQDO\WLFDO HUURUV ZHUH LGHQWL¿HG and recorded subsequent to visual inspection of the samples and corresponding request forms by laboratory staff. Results: 3UHDQDO\WLFDO HUURUV ZHUH FODVVL¿HG DV $ LQDSSURSULDWH IRUP % LQDSSURSULDWH VDPSOH & LQDSSURSULDWH WUDQVSRUW DQG' LQDSSURSULDWHFHQWULIXJDWLRQ )RU FDWHJRU\$ KLJK HUURU UDWH IRU GDWH DQG WLPH RI VDPSOH FROOHFWLRQ SURYLVLRQDO GLDJQRVLV DQG SK\VLFLDQ¶V GHWDLO ZHUH REVHUYHG )RU FDWHJRU\ % HUURU UDWH IRU LQVXI¿FLHQW VDPSOH YROXPH ZDV )RU FDWHJRU\ & HUURU UDWH IRU GDWH DQGWLPHRIVDPSOHUHFHLSWZDV3UHDQDO\WLFDOHUURUUDWHZDV KLJKHVW IRU VDPSOHV UHFHLYHG IURP RXWSDWLHQW GHSDUWPHQW DQGIRUXULQHVDPSOH FRPSDUDWLYHO\ Conclusion:3UHH[DPLQDWLRQHUURUVZHUHKLJKDWWKLVVWXG\ORFDWLRQ 0HDVXUHVDLPHGDWUHGXFLQJWKHVDPHDQGH[SRVXUHWRDFFUHGLWDWLRQ are recommended for improved laboratory quality output. Keywords: (UURUV LQ /DERUDWRU\ 0HGLFLQH &OLQLFDO %LRFKHPLVWU\ /DERUDWRU\3UHDQDO\WLFDOSKDVH&RUUHFWLYHPHDVXUHV

PO2 Association between the early rise in serum creatinine levels and the use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers – A review Vijaya Srinivasan Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu.

Background: 6HYHUDO UHSRUWV KDYH GHPRQVWUDWHG VXUYLYDO EHQH¿WV RI$&(LQKLELWRUVLQSDWLHQWVZLWKKHDUWIDLOXUH,QSDWLHQWVZLWKUHQDO LQVXI¿FLHQF\ ZKHWKHU DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK GLDEHWHV PHOOLWXV RU QRW XVH RI$&( LQKLELWRUV LV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK VORZLQJ LQ WKH SURJUHVVLRQ RI renal disease. In fact, patients who have the most advanced renal LQVXI¿FLHQF\DWEDVHOLQHDUHWKHRQHVZKRVKRZWKHPD[LPXPVORZLQJ

123

of the disease progression, but these patients are also more likely WRVKRZDQHDUO\ULVHLQVHUXPFUHDWLQLQHOHYHOVDIWHU$&(LQKLELWRU WKHUDS\7KHUHLVHYLGHQFHWKDWSDWLHQWVZLWKUHQDOLQVXI¿FLHQF\RIWHQ GR QRW UHFHLYH $&( LQKLELWRUV 2QH RI WKH PDLQ UHDVRQV IRU WKLV XQGHUXWLOL]DWLRQ RI$&( LQKLELWRUV LQ SDWLHQWV ZLWK KHDUW IDLOXUH LV the rise in serum creatinine level after initiation of therapy with an $&(LQKLELWRU Methods: UDQGRPL]HG FOLQLFDO WULDOV RI$&( LQKLELWRU RU$5% WKHUDS\LQSDWLHQWVZLWKSUHH[LVWLQJFKURQLFUHQDOLQVXI¿FLHQF\ZLWK or without diabetes mellitus or heart failure were chosen. Studies were included for review if they met the following criteria: subjects were UDQGRPL]HGWRUHFHLYH$&(LQKLELWRUVXEMHFWVZHUHIROORZHGXSIRU a minimum of 2 years; and most of the subjects had baseline chronic UHQDOLQVXI¿FLHQF\!RU ORVVRIUHQDOIXQFWLRQ LUUHVSHFWLYHRI FDXVH 2I WKH VWXGLHV VL[ ZHUH SODFHERFRQWUROOHG VWXGLHV 7KH RWKHUVL[ZHUHVPDOOHUUDQGRPL]HGVWXGLHV%ORRGSUHVVXUHVDQG*)5 was also assessed in these trials. Results: 3DWLHQWV ZLWK SUHH[LVWLQJ FKURQLF UHQDO LQVXI¿FLHQF\ KDG DQ HDUO\ ULVH LQ VHUXP FUHDWLQLQH OHYHOV DSSUR[LPDWHO\ PJ G/ DIWHU LQLWLDWLRQ RI $&( LQKLELWRU RU $5% WKHUDS\ 7KH VHUXP creatinine level was likely to stabilize after about 4 weeks, provided SDWLHQWVKDGDQRUPDOVDOWDQGÀXLGLQWDNH,QVSLWHRIWKLVHDUO\ULVH LQ VHUXP FUHDWLQLQH LQ SDWLHQWV ZLWK FKURQLF UHQDO LQVXI¿FLHQF\ D VHUXP FUHDWLQLQH OHYHO RI !RU PLFURPRO/ RU !RU PJG/ ZKR ZHUH UDQGRPL]HG WR UHFHLYH DQ $&( LQKLELWRU WKHVH SDWLHQWV UHFHLYLQJ WKH GUXJ VKRZHG D WR ORZHU ULVN RI ZRUVHQLQJ renal function than those with normal renal function receiving the drug. The rate of risk reduction was inversely related to the severity RIUHQDOLPSDLUPHQWDWEDVHOLQHEXWGDWDZHUHOLPLWHGRQWKHEHQH¿W RI$&(LQKLELWRUVLQSDWLHQWVZLWKPRUHDGYDQFHGUHQDOLQVXI¿FLHQF\ *)5P/PLQ 7KHDXWKRUVQRWHGWKDWWKRVHDJHGDQGROGHU ZHUH OLNHO\ WR KDYH PXFK ORZHU *)5V IRU JLYHQ OHYHOV RI VHUXP creatinine than younger patients and were therefore likely to have DGYDQFHG UHQDO LQVXI¿FLHQF\ DW VHUXP FUHDWLQLQH OHYHOV DV ORZ DV PJG/ YV PJG/ IRU \RXQJHU SDWLHQWV 3DWLHQWV ZLWK QRUPDO renal function were likely to show a much smaller rise in serum FUHDWLQLQHOHYHODSSUR[LPDWHO\DERYHWKHEDVHOLQHRIPJ G/ PRVWO\RFFXUULQJGXULQJWKH¿UVWZHHNDIWHULQLWLDWLRQRIWKHUDS\ with subsequent stabilization, whereas patients with normal renal function suffering from heart failure, volume depletion, or bilateral UHQDO DUWHU\ VWHQRVLV H[SHULHQFHG D VLJQL¿FDQW ULVH DSSUR[LPDWHO\ DERYH EDVHOLQH LQ VHUXP FUHDWLQLQH OHYHO PXFK KLJKHU LQ PDJQLWXGH DQG UDWH WKDQ WKDW H[SHULHQFHG E\ WKRVH ZLWK UHQDO LQVXI¿FLHQF\ 6HUXP FUHDWLQLQH OHYHOV LQ WKHVH SDWLHQWV VKDUSO\ LQFUHDVHG E\ DSSUR[LPDWHO\ DERYH EDVHOLQH LQ WKH ZHHNV DIWHU WKH LQLWLDWLRQ RI WKHUDS\ ZLWK DQ$&( LQKLELWRU IROORZHG E\ DQHYHQVKDUSHULQFUHDVHDQRWKHUDSSUR[LPDWHO\ GXULQJWKH VXEVHTXHQWZHHNV3DWLHQWVZLWKFKURQLFUHQDOLQVXI¿FLHQF\VHUXP FUHDWLQLQH! PJG/ ZKR UHFHLYHG WKHUDS\ ZLWK $&( LQKLELWRUV KDGDERXWD¿YHWLPHVKLJKHUULVNRIGHYHORSLQJK\SHUNDOHPLDWKDQ those with normal renal function, whereas presence of heart failure increased the risk of hyperkalemia by about three times over those without heart failure.. Conclusion: ,Q SDWLHQWV ZLWK UHQDO LQVXI¿FLHQF\ VHUXP FUHDWLQLQH!PJG/ WUHDWHGZLWK$&(LQKLELWRUVWKHUHLVDVWURQJ DVVRFLDWLRQEHWZHHQHDUO\ZLWKLQWKH¿UVWPRQWKV DQGPRGHUDWH rise in serum creatinine and slowing of the renal disease progression LQ WKH ORQJ UXQ 7KH DXWKRUV VXJJHVW WKDW $&( LQKLELWRU WKHUDS\ should not be discontinued unless serum creatinine level rise above RYHUEDVHOLQHGXULQJWKH¿UVWPRQWKVDIWHULQLWLDWLRQRIWKHUDS\ RUK\SHUNDOHPLDVHUXPSRWDVVLXPOHYHO!RU PPRO/ GHYHORSV

Ind J Clin Biochem

PO3 A pilot study to determine the differential methylation pattern in Indian population with coronary artery disease S Banerjee1, C. K. Ponde3, R. M. Rajani3, T. F. Ashavaid1, 2 1 Research Laboratories, 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, 3 Department of Cardiology, P.D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mahim, Mumbai, India.

of coronary artery disease admitted in M.Y.Hospital. The control SRSXODWLRQFRPSULVHGRIDJHDQGVH[PDWFKHGKHDOWK\YROXQWHHUV 9LWDPLQ'DQGOLSLGSUR¿OHHVWLPDWLRQZDVGRQHRQIXOO\DXWRPDWHG analyzer. 7KHVWDWLVWLFDODQDO\VLVZDVGRQHE\XVLQJ6366VRIWZDUH7KHUHVXOWV ZHUHH[SUHVVHGDV0HDQ6'7KH6WXGHQWWWHVWZDVFDUULHGRXWIRU FRPSDULVRQRIWKHGDWD 3YDOXHZDVFRQVLGHUHGVWDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW

Introduction: '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ D VWDEOH IRUP RI HSLJHQHWLF mechanism regulates with hypo and hypermethylation of various JHQHVLQYROYHGLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI&$'

Results: The study revealed that vitamin D level was found to be VLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHULQFDVHVDVFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROV:HDOVRREVHUYHG VLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHLQPHDQWRWRWDOFKROHVWHURO+'/FKROHVWHURO and LDL cholesterol in between cases and control.

Aims and objectives: To identify hypomethylated and hypermethylated regions in genome and thus establish a panel of GLIIHUHQWLDOO\PHWK\ODWHGUHJLRQV'05V LQ&$'LQ,QGLDQV

Conclusion: This study concluded that continues follow up of vitamin D will be helpful for assessment of increased risk of coronary artery disease events beyond the traditional risk factor.

Materials and methods: $ SLORW VWXG\ ZDV FRQGXFWHG ZKLFK consisted of 6 angiographically positive male cases and 6 age PDWFKHGDQJLRJUDSKLFDOO\QHJDWLYHFRQWUROV$OOVXEMHFWVZHUHOQRQ smokers, non-diabetic, non-alcoholic, with no previous history of FDUGLDF DLOPHQW 7KH '1$ ZDV VXEMHFWHG WR %LVXOSKLWH FRQYHUVLRQ IROORZHG E\ 0LFURDUUD\ DQDO\VLV XVLQJ ,OOXPLQD¶V ,Q¿QLXP +XPDQ0HWK\ODWLRQ %HDG &KLS WKDW KDV D FRYHUDJH RI PHWK\ODWLRQVLWHSHUVDPSOHV,OOXPLQD¶V*HQRPH6WXGLR9 ZDV XVHG WR LGHQWLI\ '05V DQG 3DWKZD\ DQDO\VLV *HQH 2QWRORJ\ DQG 3ULQFLSOH FRPSRQHQW DQDO\VLV 3&$ ZDV FDUULHG RXW XVLQJ '$9,'3$57(.UHVSHFWLYHO\

Key words:&RURQDU\DUWHU\GLVHDVHYLWDPLQ'/LSLGSUR¿OH

Results: +/$'5% +/$'4$ +/$'4% DUH JHQHV EHORQJLQJWR0+&FODVV,,PROHFXOHVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWULJJHULQJWKH LQÀDPPDWRU\SDWKZD\ZKLFKKDYHEHHQLGHQWL¿HGLQRXUVWXG\$ORQJ ZLWKWKHVHQRQFODVVLFDO+/$PROHFXOHV+/$*+/$&KDYHDOVR EHHQLGHQWL¿HGLQRXUVWXG\&S*VLWHVRIWKHVHUHVSHFWLYHJHQHVZHUH IRXQGWREHK\SRRUK\SHUPHWK\ODWHGZLWKVWDWLVWLFDOVLJQL¿FDQFHRI S ; between cases and controls. Conclusion: This is an ongoing study and on preliminary analysis, WKH SUHVHQW VWXG\ LQGLFDWHV WKDW SDWKRJHQHVLV RI &$' LV FORVHO\ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK LQÀDPPDWLRQ +XPDQ /HXFRF\WH DQWLJHQ +/$ plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, further analysis on a larger cohort would be necessary to VXEVWDQWLDWHWKLV¿QGLQJ

PO4 A case control study of vitamin D as a novel biomarker in coronary artery disease patients Teena Agrawal1, S. Paneri2, R. Lohokare3, Anil kumar Jain4, Amita Gupta5, Ravikant Sharma6 M. G.M. Medical College and M. Y. Hospital, Indore, M.P. Introduction:9LWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\LVSUHYDOHQWLQPRVWSDUWVRIWKH ZRUOG7KHSUHYDOHQFHRIYLWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\LQ,QGLDLQXUEDQDUHD DQGLQUXUDODUHD &RURQDU\ DUWHU\ GLVHDVH LV JOREDO KHDOWK SUREOHP DQG FRQVLVWV RI YDULHW\RIKHDUWLOOQHVV9LWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\PD\FDXVHFDUGLRYDVFXODU events by a variety of possible biological mechanism. Aims and Objectives: To study the role of vitamin D as an emerging risk factor for coronary artery disease. Material and Methods: The study was carried out in department RI %LRFKHPLVWU\ 0 *0 0HGLFDO &ROOHJH LQFOXGHG SDWLHQWV

PO5 To study the expression levels of Shelterin complex molecules and telomerase activity in Multiple Myeloma Raman Kumar1, Rehan Khan1, Nidhi Gupta1, Tulika Seth2, Alpana Sharma1* 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Background and Objectives: 0XOWLSOHP\HORPD00 UHSUHVHQWV RQH RI PRVW GHELOLWDWLQJ KHPDWRORJLFDO PDOLJQDQF\ 6LJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU WHORPHUDVH DFWLYLW\ 7$ WRJHWKHU ZLWK GHFUHDVHG OHQJWK RI WHORPHUHV 7/ KDV EHHQ UHSRUWHG LQ FDQFHUV 6KHOWHULQ FRPSOH[ molecules and its associated partners safeguards the telomeres. ([SUHVVLRQ VWDWXV RI WKHVH PROHFXOHV LQ P\HORPD QHHGV WR EH H[SORUHG Materials and Methods: 00 SDWLHQWV DQG FRQWUROV ZHUH recruited with informed consent. Staging was done as per ISS. 5HODWLYHP51$TXDQWL¿FDWLRQRIWKHVHPROHFXOHV7UI7UI3RW 7SS 5DS 7LQ 3LQ[ DQG 7DQN ZDV GRQH XVLQJ 43&5 7$ DQGWHORPHUHOHQJWK7/ Q ZHUHPHDVXUHGXVLQJNLWSURWRFROV &OLQLFDO SDUDPHWHUV DQG FRUUHODWLRQ ZDV DVVHVVHG 52& FXUYHV RI all the genes were plotted. Statistical analysis was performed using *UDSKSDGSULVPVRIWZDUH Results: 6LJQL¿FDQWO\ S KLJKHU UHODWLYH P51$ OHYHOV ZHUH IRXQG LQ DOO WKH PROHFXOHV H[FHSW 3LQ[ ZKLFK ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ORZHUHG LQ SDWLHQWV FRPSDUHG WR FRQWUROV 6LPLODUO\ KLJKHU 7$ activity and lowered mean TL was observed in patients compared WRFRQWUROV6WDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWFRUUHODWLRQZDVREVHUYHGDPRQJ WKHJHQHV7$DQGZLWKWKHFOLQLFDOSDUDPHWHUV52&FXUYHVDQDO\VLV VKRZHGWKDW75)DQG7HORPHUDVHDFWLYLW\KDGYHU\KLJKVHQVLWLYLW\ VSHFL¿FLW\ Interpretation and Conclusions:6WXG\VXJJHVWVWKDWLQFUHDVHG7$ DORQJZLWKDOWHUHGP51$H[SUHVVLRQRI6KHOWHULQFRPSOH[PROHFXOHV PLJKW SOD\ UROH LQ WKH 00 SDWKRJHQHVLV 6WDJHZLVH VLJQL¿FDQW correlation between these molecules along with clinical parameters VKRZHG WKHLU LPSRUWDQFH DV GLDJQRVWLF PDUNHU $OWHUDWLRQ LQ WKH H[SUHVVLRQ RI WKHVH PROHFXOHV PLJKW EH WDUJHWHG WR IDFLOLWDWH QRYHO therapies to treat Myeloma.

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Ind J Clin Biochem

PO6

PO7

Serum vitamin D levels in breast cancer patients to assess its risk prediction to improve health

$VWXG\RIOLSLGSUR¿OHR[LGDQWVWDWXVDQGERG\PDVV index in coronary artery disease

Vinith Mehrotra

D. Alamelumangai, S.Venkata Rao

Introduction:,QWKH¿HOGRIFDQFHUYLWDPLQ'KDVHPHUJHGDVWKH most creative research connecting it with risk reduction in various HSLWKHOLDOFDQFHUV$VLGHIURPFDOFLXPKRPHRVWDVLVYLWDPLQ'H[HUWV a wide range of immunogenic and antiproliferative activities in WKH KXPDQ ERG\9LWDPLQ ' H[HUWV LWV DQWLSUROLIHUDWLYH RXWFRPH E\ ELQGLQJ WR YLWDPLQ ' UHFHSWRU 9'5 IRXQG LQ YDULRXV WLVVXHV DQG cells of the body. Several human genes contain vitamin D response HOHPHQWVVSHFL¿F'1$VHTXHQFHV WKDWHQFRGHIRUSURWHLQVLPSRUWDQW in regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and DQJLRJHQHVLV:KHQWKHVHUXPYLWDPLQ'OHYHOVDUHVXERSWLPDOWKHVH activities are impaired and as a result enhanced cellular growth, neoangiogenesis, and cancer development takes place. The breast cells KDYH9'5VLQWKHLUQXFOHLDQGLWLVSRVWXODWHGWKDWSRO\PRUSKLVPRI JHQHVIRUWKHVH9'5VUHVXOWVLQLQFUHDVHGULVNIRUEUHDVWFDQFHU

Introduction: &RURQDU\DUWHU\GLVHDVHLVDUDLVLQJSUREOHPLQ,QGLD DQG RWKHU GHYHORSLQJ FRXQWULHV 2EHVLW\ DQG G\VOLSLGDHPLD DUH WKH PDMRU ULVN IDFWRUV RI &$' 7KRXJK 9/'/ +'/ DQG /'/ DUH DOO YHKLFOHV IRU SHUR[LGDWLRQ /'/ JHWV WKH PD[LPXP ORDG 7KH IUHH radicals may have a primary role in the pathogenesis of atherogenesis.

6HUXPFRQFHQWUDWLRQRI2+ 'DUHPRUHVHQVLWLYHWRH[RJHQRXV sources like: dietary and supplemental intake and endogenous production through synthesis in the skin of vitamin D which is the best indicator of vitamin D status of the body. There are data showing that locally advanced breast cancer patients had more severe vitamin 'GH¿FLHQF\WKDQWKRVHZLWKHDUO\VWDJHGLVHDVH The aim of the study was to determine serum vitamin D levels in breast cancer patients related with grade and stage of the tumor and to assess its risk prediction to improve health. Materials and Methods: Study samples: The study was conducted on indoor and outdoor SDWLHQWVIRUDSHULRGRIRQH\HDU-DQXDU\WR'HFHPEHU DQGDQHTXDO QXPEHURIDJHDQGVH[PDWFKHGFRQWUROVZHUHWDNHQZKLFKLQFOXGHG WRWDORIDGXOWV Clinical assessment: %RG\ PDVV LQGH[ %0, ZDV FDWHJRUL]HG DV QRUPDO ZHLJKW NJP2 RYHUZHLJKW ± NJP2 DQG REHVH !NJP2 IDVWLQJEORRGJOXFRVHWRPJGO DQG*O\FRV\ODWHG +HPRJORELQ FRQWUROOHG DQG ! XQFRQWUROOHG 9LWDPLQ ' QXWULWLRQDOVWDWXVZDVEDVHGRQ2+ 'OHYHOVZKLFKZHUHDVVHVVHG DVPLOGVXI¿FLHQW±QPRO/ PRGHUDWHLQVXI¿FLHQW± QPRO/ DQGVHYHUHGH¿FLHQWQPRO/ Results: 7KH PHDQ DJH ZDV \HDUV $JH PDULWDO VWDWXV PHQRSDXVDO UHVLGHQWLDO DUHD DQG %0, ZHUH VLPLODU LQ GLVWULEXWLRQ among cases and controls. The mean serum vitamin D level in the EUHDVW FDQFHU SDWLHQWV ZDV QPRO/ DQG LQ WKH FRQWURO JURXS ZDV QPRO/ 3 YDOXH 9LWDPLQ ' GH¿FLHQF\ ZDV VHHQ LQ EUHDVW FDQFHU SDWLHQWV DQG LQ RI WKH FRQWURO JURXS 3 YDOXH $PRQJ WKH EUHDVW FDQFHU SDWLHQWV WKH WXPRU FKDUDFWHULVWLFV KLVWRORJ\ JUDGH VWDJH DQG UHFHSWRU VWDWXV GLG QRW VKRZ DQ\ VLJQL¿FDQW DVVRFLDWLRQV ZLWK VHUXP OHYHOV RI YLWDPLQ ' 3UHPHQRSDXVDO EUHDVW FDQFHU IHPDOHV KDG D PHDQ VHUXP YLWDPLQ ' OHYHO RI QPRO/ DQG SRVWPHQRSDXVDO IHPDOHV KDG D PHDQ YDOXHRIQPRO/3YDOXH /RZ%0,GLGQRWFRUUHODWH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ZLWKYLWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\3YDOXH Conclusion: Invariably almost all patients with breast cancer were YLWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQW7XPRUFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDQG%0,GLGQRWVKRZDQ\ VLJQL¿FDQWDVVRFLDWLRQVZLWKVHUXPOHYHOVRIYLWDPLQ'

123

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Materials and Methods:$FXWH0\RFDUGLDOLQIDUFWLRQ0, FDVHV DQG DJH DQG VH[ PDWFKHG FRQWUROV ZHUH WDNHQ IRU VWXG\ %0, ZDVFDOFXODWHGE\ZHLJKWLQ.JP0'$ZDVHVWLPDWHGE\6DWRK PHWKRG 7RWDO FKROHVWHURO E\ &+2'3$30HWKRG +'/ E\ +'/ SUHFLSLWDWLQJPHWKRG/'/E\)ULHGZDOGIRUPXODDQG7$*E\*32 3$30HWKRGLQIDVWLQJVWDWH6WDWLVWLFDOVLJQL¿FDQFHZDVFDOFXODWHG Observation:7KH0'$%0,OLSLGSUR¿OHH[FHSW+'/ OHYHOVZHUH higher in cases than controls. HDL levels were higher in controls. 0'$ OLSLGSUR¿OHH[FHSW+'/ IRXQGWREHLQLQFUHDVLQJWUHQGDV WKH%0,LQFUHDVHV Discussion:,Q&$'ERG\KDELWXVLVQRWDQLQGHSHQGHQWULVNIDFWRU ,QFUHDVHG OHYHOV RI 0'$ WRWDO FKROHVWHURO ZLOO FHUWDLQO\ OHDG WR DWKHURJHQLFFKDQJHVDQGFDUGLRYDVFXODUULVNVWKRXJK%0,LVQRUPDO 7KRXJK 9/'/ +'/ DQG /'/ DUH DOO YHKLFOHV IRU SHUR[LGDWLRQ /'/JHWVWKHPD[LPXPORDG7KHIUHHUDGLFDOUHDFWLRQVPD\KDYHD primary role in the patho-mechanism of atherogenesis. Conclusion:,QWKLVVWXG\LQVSLWHRIQRUPDO%0,WKHUHLVSRVLWLYH FRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQ0'$DQGOLSLGSUR¿OHLQ0,SDWLHQWV

PO8 Establishing reference intervals for vitamin D total by data mining Yesudas Sudhakar, Padmanaban Venkatesan, Victoria Job Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India Introduction: Laboratory information system databases are powerful resources that can be used in clinical research and the JHQHUDWHGLQIRUPDWLRQIURPSUHH[LVWLQJGDWDFDQEHXVHGLQGLDJQRVLV and treatment. The relationship between the clinical parameters SHUWDLQLQJWRDJHVH[JHQGHUDQGSRSXODWLRQLVGLI¿FXOWWRDQDO\]H DQGODFNVWDUJHWVSHFL¿FGDWD6RUHFHQWO\LPPHQVHHIIRUWVKDYHEHHQ PDGHWRDGGUHVVWKHLVVXHVFRQFHUQLQJH[WUDFWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQIURP these heterogeneous database and set our own reference interval .The goal of predictive data mining in clinical chemistry is to establish our own reference interval from available data. 2QHRIWKHEHVWUREXVWPHWKRGWRHVWDEOLVKRXUUHIHUHQFHLQWHUYDOIURP DYDLODEOHGDWDLVE\%KDWWDFKDU\DPHWKRG

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,W KHOSV WR LGHQWLI\ D KLGGHQ *DXVVLDQ GLVWULEXWLRQ IURP WKH PL[HG H[LVWLQJ GDWD LQFOXGLQJ ERWK KHDOWK\ LQGLYLGXDOV DQG DEQRUPDO VXEMHFWV DV LQ FDVH RI D XVXDO ODERUDWRU\ GDWD 2QFH D *DXVVLDQ GLVWULEXWLRQLVLGHQWL¿HGLWLVHDV\WRHVWDEOLVKDQGFDOFXODWHUHIHUHQFH interval for that analyte. Aim: To establish our own reference interval for vitamin D Total from available laboratory data base. Materials and Methods:$ GDWDEDVH RI 9LWDPLQ ' YDOXHV XQ¿OWHUHGIRUDQ\SDUDPHWHUVDQGLVEDVHGRQDOOSDWLHQWVIRUZKRP YLWDPLQ'LVPHDVXUHGIURP-DQWRPD\ LQ&KULVWLDQ PHGLFDOFROOHJHKRVSLWDO9HOORUH $ SURWRFRO WR LPSOHPHQW %KDWWDFKDU\D PHWKRG LQ 5 SURJUDPPLQJ ODQJXDJH ZDVGHYHORSHG Results: Reference interval for male and female by data mining Units QJPO 0($1

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Conclusion: $ SURWRFRO IRU %KDWWDFKDU\D PHWKRG RI UHIHUHQFH interval estimation in R has been used to estimate reference interval RI9LWDPLQ'IRURXUODERUDWRU\FRPSDUHGWRWKHUHIHUHQFHLQWHUYDO SURYLGHG E\ WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU YLWDPLQ ' GH¿FLHQF\ LV GH¿QHG DV 2+ 'QJP/LQVXI¿FLHQF\DV±QJP/DQGVXI¿FLHQF\ DVQJP/

PO9 A study of interrelationship between occurrence of FDWDUDFWZLWKOLYHUIXQFWLRQSUR¿OHDQGVHUXPVLDOLF acid levels Urmi Majumdar, Bikramaditya Mukherjee, Keya Pal Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India Objective:&DWDUDFWLVWKHOHDGLQJFDXVHRISUHYHQWDEOHEOLQGQHVVLQ ,QGLDWKHPRVWFRPPRQIRUPRIZKLFKLVVHQLOHDJHUHODWHGFDWDUDFW 9DULRXVVWXGLHVKDYHVXJJHVWHGWKHSUREDELOLW\RILQYROYHPHQWRID FRPSOH[ SDWKRJHQLF PHFKDQLVP EXW H[DFW HWLRSDWKRJHQHVLV LV QRW established yet. This study is done for investigation of effects of various pathologies which cause liver dysfunction, or membrane damage or osmotic damage in body, in general, and their correlation with the development of senile cataract. Materials and Methods:$VDKRVSLWDOEDVHGFURVVVHFWLRQDOVWXG\ the serum levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl WUDQVIHUDVH VLDOLF DFLG VRGLXP DQG SRWDVVLXP DUH PHDVXUHG LQ SDWLHQWVRIGLDJQRVHGFDWDUDFWDQGDJHDQGVH[PDWFKHGLQGLYLGXDOV with no cataract but some other diagnosed ocular diseases attending 2SKWKDOPRORJ\23'RI%XUGZDQ0HGLFDO&ROOHJH +RVSLWDO Results: 0DQQ :KLWQH\ WHVW GRQH E\ 6366 6RIWZDUH KDV VKRZQ VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH RI VHUXP ELOLUXELQ DONDOLQH SKRVSKDWDVH gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and serum sialic acid levels between the case and control groups with cases having higher values S 7KHGLIIHUHQFHLQVHUXPHOHFWURO\WHOHYHOVEHWZHHQWKHWZR

JURXSV ZDV DOVR KLJKO\ VLJQL¿FDQW ZLWK FDVHV KDYLQJ KLJKHU VHUXP VRGLXPOHYHOS DQGDORQJZLWKORZHUVHUXPSRWDVVLXPOHYHO S LQFRPSDULVRQWRFRQWUROV Conclusion: The study shows that development of senile cataract is multi-dimensional in etiology with liver dysfunction, electrolyte imbalance and increased sialic acid levels (indicative of long VWDQGLQJ LQÀDPPDWLRQ DQGRU LQFUHDVHG R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV DLGLQJ LQ cataractogenesis.

PO10 Serum catalytic iron in chronic kidney disease patients; association with the disease progression Mukhopadhyay Banibrata, Ghanwat S, Singhai P, Konnur A, Hegde U, Gang S, Lele S, Rajapurkar M Aim:6HUXP&DWDO\WLFLURQ&, LVFDSDEOHRIFDWDO\]LQJWKHUDGLFDO R[\JHQVSHFLHV)HQWRQUHDFWLRQ 6HUXP&,LVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKKHDUW NLGQH\ LQMXU\ &KURQLF NLGQH\ GLVHDVH &.' LV D VWDWH RI KLJK R[LGDQWVWUHVV3UHVHQWVWXG\LVDLPHGDWGHWHUPLQLQJWKHDVVRFLDWLRQ RIVHUXP&,ZLWKSURJUHVVLRQRI&.' Material, Methods and observations: $GXOW SDWLHQWV ZLWK &KURQLF.LGQH\'LVHDVH&.' VWDJH,,,DQGDERYHZHUHHQUROOHGDQG VHULDOO\IROORZHGEHWZHHQ-XO\WR0D\7KHPHDQ6HUXP &, RI WKH VWXG\ SRSXODWLRQ ZDV PROHV/ FRPSDUHG WR QRUPDO SRSXODWLRQ Q KDYLQJ PROHV/ S 2XWRISDWLHQWVKDGDWOHDVWRQHIROORZXSDQGZHUHLQFOXGHG LQ¿QDODQDO\VLV2XWRIWKHVH VKRZHGSURJUHVVLYH LQFUHDVH RI FUHDWLQLQH WR S *URXS $ ZKHUHDV SDWLHQW VKRZHG GHFUHDVH LQ FUHDWLQLQH WR S *URXS % 7KH VHUXP &, RI *URXS$SDWLHQWVURVHVLJQL¿FDQWO\IURPWR S +RZHYHU LQ SDWLHQWV RI *URXS % WKH VHUXP &, DOVR VWDELOL]HGIURPWRS Conclusions:6HUXP&,OHYHOVDWEDVHOLQHDUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQ &.'SRSXODWLRQDVFRPSDUHGWRJHQHUDOSRSXODWLRQ7KHSUHOLPLQDU\ ¿QGLQJ RI WKLV VWXG\ LV WKDW VHUXP FDWDO\WLF LURQ LV D PDUNHU RI SURJUHVVLRQRI&.'+RZHYHUWKHVWXG\LVOLPLWHGE\VPDOOQXPEHUV and short follow up.

PO11 Serum lipid levels in term and preterm neonates K.Sowmya, Srisha. N.S, Janankumar chaudhari, Santhi silambanan Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai Objectives: Dyslipidemia is one of the underlying causes for coronary artery disease, and atherosclerosis. The process of atherosclerosis EHJLQVHDUO\LQOLIHDQGSURJUHVVHVVLOHQWO\IRUGHFDGHV/LSLGSUR¿OH is a marker of an underlying cardiovascular status, and direct FRUUHODWLRQ H[LVWV EHWZHHQ WKH DEQRUPDOLWLHV LQ OLSLG SUR¿OH DQG LQFLGHQFH&$')HZVWXGLHVKDYHUHSRUWHGWKDWFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRIWKH FRUGEORRGOLSRSURWHLQVXEW\SHVDUHLQÀXHQFHGE\IHWDOPDOQXWULWLRQ and prematurity. Hence this study was taken up to compare the venous cord blood lipid concentration in term and preterm neonates

123

Ind J Clin Biochem

Materials and Methods: 7KLV LV D FDVH FRQWURO VWXG\ $ WRWDO RI QHRQDWHV GHOLYHUHG DW 6UL 5DPDFKDQGUD 0HGLFDO &ROOHJH 5, ZHUH LQFOXGHG LQ WKH VWXG\ 7KH FRQWURO JURXS FRPSULVHG RI WHUPQHRQDWHVZLWKJHVWDWLRQDODJHZHHNV SUHWHUPZLWK JHVWDWLRQDO DJH ZHHNV ZHUH FRQVLGHUHG DV FDVH JURXS $IWHU GHOLYHU\RIWKHSODFHQWDDQGLPPHGLDWHO\DIWHUFRUGFODPSLQJPO of umbilical venous blood was obtained from the placental end of the umbilical cord under aseptic precautions. Serum was separated and XVHG)URPWKHVHUXPWRWDOFKROHVWHURO7& WULJO\FHULGH7J KLJK GHQVLW\OLSRSURWHLQ+'/& DQGORZGHQVLW\OLSRSURWHLQ/'/& were analyzed in auto analyzer using the commercially available kits.

WKUHH PDMRU RQHV RWKHUV EHLQJ ('7$ FRQWDPLQDWLRQ DQG LQDGHTXDWHVHUXPYROXPH Conclusion: In our set up, hemolysis was found to be the single most important cause of sample rejection. Just by monitoring of samples during receiving, wrong reporting could be prevented in large number of cases.

PO13 Effect of alcohol withdrawal on CDT and liver function marker enzymes in alcohol dependent males

Results: 7KHPHDQYDOXHRIWRWDOFKROHVWHUROWULJO\FHULGHDQG/'/& were found to be higher among preterm babies compared to term EDELHVDQGWKH+'/&ZDVIRXQGWREHORZHUDPRQJSUHWHUPEDELHV compared to term babies. The differences between the mean values ZHUHIRXQGWREHVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWZLWKDSYDOXHRI

Honnamurthy J.B1, Shivashankara A.R2, John Mathai. P3, Malathi M2 1 Research Scholar, 2Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, 3Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore.

Conclusion:$OWHUHG FRUG EORRG OLSLG SUR¿OH YDOXHV ZHUH IRXQG LQ preterm neonates compared with term neonates. It is suggested that decrease of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase enzymes activity in preterm newborns might increase lipoprotein concentrations in preterm than in term infants. Moreover preterm newborns lack both hepatic carbohydrate and subcutaneous DGLSRVHVWRUHVWKXVLQFUHDVHLQFRUGEORRGFKROHVWHUROOHYHOPD\UHÀHFW the metabolic adaptation to provide adequate energy, especially to vital organs like brain. Thus in addition to genetic factors which are the major determinants of lipid levels, fetal maturity also contribute for the altered lipid levels in neonates.

Background: &DUERK\GUDWHGH¿FLHQW WUDQVIHUULQ &'7 LV WKH PRVWUHOLDEOHPDUNHUIRUFKURQLFDOFRKRODEXVHZRUOGZLGH&'7LV DSSURYHGE\86)RRGDQG'UXJDGPLQLVWUDWLRQIRUPRQLWRULQJWKH DOFRKROFRQVXPSWLRQ([FHVVLYHDQGFKURQLFFRQVXPSWLRQRIDOFRKRO can induce indirect effects on the body via its interference with liver IXQFWLRQ HQ]\PHV 7KH OHYHOV RI &'7 DQG OLYHU IXQFWLRQ PDUNHU enzymes in play an important role in alcohol withdrawal. Hence WKH OHYHOV RI &'7 DQG OLYHU IXQFWLRQ PDUNHU HQ]\PHV **7$67 $/7 LQWKHVHUXPRI$OFRKROGHSHQGHQWPDOHVDUHHVWLPDWHGDQG WKH HIIHFW RI DOFRKRO ZLWKGUDZDO RQ EORRG OHYHOV RI &'7 DQG OLYHU function marker enzymes is assessed.

Keywords:$WKHURVFOHURVLV/LSLGSUR¿OH1HRQDWHV

Methods: Thirty males with alcohol dependence syndrome admitted to deaddiction centre for alcohol deaddiction treatment were the subjects of the study. Thirty normal healthy, nonalcoholic PDOH YROXQWHHUV DV FRQWUROV ZHUH LQFOXGHG $FWLYLWLHV RI OLYHU function marker enzymes in serum were assayed by standard VSHFWURSKRWRPHWULFPHWKRGV&'7ZDVDVVD\HGE\+3/&PHWKRG

PO12 Incidence of pre-analytical errors in clinical biochemistry laboratory Sudhanshu Shekhar, Tapasyapreeti Mukhopadhyay, Ganeswar Tudu, Sudip kumar Datta Department of Laboratory Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Introduction:)ROORZLQJLQWURGXFWLRQRIDXWRPDWLRQLQWKHODERUDWRU\ errors in analytical and post-analytical phases have been reduced to minimum. However, pre-analytical errors often lead to sample rejection causing repeat sampling, pain to patients and wastage of resources thereby adding to the cost of patient care. Aims and Objectives: To determine the incidence and causes of preanalytical errors leading to sample rejection in clinical biochemistry laboratory. Methods: $OO ,3' VDPSOHV UHFLHYHG LQ WKH FOLQLFDO ELRFKHPLVWU\ ODERUDWRU\ GXULQJ WZR PRQWKV -XQH-XO\ ZHUH LQFOXGHGLQWKHVWXG\$WWKHWLPHRIUHFHLYLQJVDPSOHVZHUHVFUHHQHG IRU WKH IROORZLQJ L ZURQJ EDU FRGH LL LQDGHTXDWH YROXPH LLL LPSURSHU YLDO DQG LY LPSURSHU SDVWLQJ RI EDU FRGHV )ROORZLQJ centrifugation, serum was visually inspected for hemolysis and OLSHPLD ('7$ FRQWDPLQDWLRQ ZDV LGHQWL¿HG DIWHU DQDO\VLV E\ observing reports for calcium, alkaline phosphatase and potassium. Results: RXW RI VDPSOHV UHFHLYHG KDG WR EH UHMHFWHGGXHWRGLIIHUHQWSUHDQDO\WLFDOHUURUV+HPRO\VLV ZURQJ EDU FRGLQJ OLSHPLF VDPSOHV ZHUH WKH

123

Results: /HYHOVRI&'7$ODQLQHDPLQRWUDQVIHUDVH$/7 $VSDUWDWH DPLQRWUDQVIHUDVH $67 DQG *DPPD JOXWDP\O WUDQVIHUDVH **7 ZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQDOFRKROGHSHQGHQWPDOHVLQFRPSDULVRQ WRKHDOWK\QRQDOFRKROLFFRQWUROV$OFRKROGHDGGLFWLRQIRURQHPRQWK decreased the levels of these parameters to near control values. Conclusions:$OFRKROZLWKGUDZDOUHVXOWHGLQQRUPDOL]DWLRQRIOLYHU function and plasma protein pattern. Key Words&DUERK\GUDWHGH¿FLHQWWUDQVIHUULQ$OFRKROGHSHQGHQFH $67**7

PO14 Relationship between insulin like growth factor-1, insulin like growth factor binding protein-3 and prostate size in benign prostatic hyperplasia H. Nandeesha, Karli Sreenivasulu, Medha R, L.N.Dorairajan, Vickneshwaran V Department of Biochemistry and Urology, JIPMER, Puducherry Introduction: The bioavailability of Insulin like growth factor-1 ,*) LVFRQWUROOHGE\WKHELQGLQJSURWHLQ,*)ELQGLQJSURWHLQ ,*)%3 $OWHUDWLRQV LQ ,*) DQG ,QVXOLQ ,*)%3 OHYHOV DUH known to play a role in the pathogenesis of many cancers including

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SURVWDWHFDQFHU%XWWKHUHDUHOLPLWHGGDWDDERXWWKHVHSDUDPHWHUVLQ benign prostatic enlargement. Aim: 7RDVVHVVWKHOHYHORI,*)DQG,*)%3DQGWKHLUDVVRFLDWLRQ ZLWKSURVWDWHVL]HLQSDWLHQWVZLWK%3+ Methods: %3+ SDWLHQWV DQG DJH PDWFKHG FRQWUROV ZHUH HQUROOHGLQWKHVWXG\,*)DQG,*)%3OHYHOVZHUHHVWLPDWHGLQ all the subjects. Results: ,*) ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQFUHDVHG DQG ,*)%3 ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHGLQ%3+SDWLHQWVZKHQFRPSDUHGZLWKFRQWUROV ,*) ZDV SRVLWLYHO\ FRUUHODWHG DQG ,*)%3 ZDV QHJDWLYHO\ FRUUHODWHGZLWKSURVWDWHVL]HLQ%3+SDWLHQWV Conclusion:(OHYDWHG,*)DQGUHGXFHG,*)%3LQFUHDVHVSURVWDWH VL]HLQSDWLHQWVZLWK%3+

PO15 A review of quality indicators in biochemistry laboratory Rajani Mohite P, Chavan,V. Bhat, C. Naresh, U.Gavhane, B. Pillai, M.Tiwari, S.Pal, P. Poladia, U.Gosavi, A. Karmore, S.Vaykar ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai

PO16 3UR¿FLHQF\ WHVWLQJ LQ D ELRFKHPLFDO JHQHWLFV laboratory Alpa J. Dherai1,2, Mihika B. Dave2, Rohan V. Lokhande1, Prasad R. Naik1, Suvarna U Gaikwad1, Dhanashri N. Shetty1, Tester F. Ashavaid1,2. 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, 2Research Laboratories, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai. Introduction:'LDJQRVLVRI,QERUQHUURUVRIPHWDEROLVP,(0V KDV grown out from academic laboratories to formal clinical settings. However owing to the rare nature of IEMs, laboratories might not encounter all the tested disorders even over decades of service. In VXFK FDVHV SUR¿FLHQF\ WHVWLQJ 37 SURJUDPV RIIHU DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ WR DVVXUH DQ H[SHUWLVH 2XU ODERUDWRU\ KDV HQUROOHG IRU DPLQR DFLG 8ULQDU\ *O\FRVDPLQRJO\FDQ *$* HVWLPDWLRQ DQG &RQJHQLWDO 'LVRUGHUV RI *O\FRV\ODWLRQ &'* GLDJQRVLV 37 SURJUDP IURP European Research Network for evaluation and improvement of screening, Diagnosis and treatment of Inherited disorders of 0HWDEROLVP(51',0 VLQFH-DQXDU\ Aims and Objectives:7RUHYLHZ37F\FOHSHUIRUPDQFH LPSOHPHQW measures to improve laboratory competence.

Introduction: 4XDOLW\ LQGLFDWRUV DUH PHDVXUDEOH REMHFWLYH quantitative measures of key system performance. They can indicate the quality of the key, strategic and support processes. It is important that quality indicators address all three key processes in the laboratory: preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical.

Materials and Methods: In the beginning of the year lyophilized VDPSOHV IRU DPLQR DFLGV DQG HDFK IRU &'* *$*V ZHUH UHFHLYHG$PLQRDFLGVDPSOHVZHUHWREHUHSRUWHGHDFKDWZHHNV LQWHUYDOZKLOH&'* *$*VDWPRQWKVLQWHUYDOLQDEDWFKRIHDFK &OLQLFDO KLVWRU\ IRU *$* &'*V ZDV SURYLGHG IRU LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ and suggestions for further clinical workup. Timely evaluation report was received to ensure corrective measures.

Aims and Objectives: To capture information about quality indicators in the biochemistry laboratory and to evaluate laboratory quality performance over time as a strategy for continuous quality improvement effort.

Results: Subsequent to the systemic bias obtained for amino acids our +3/&PHWKRGZDVPRGL¿HGWRRIIHUDFRPSUHKHQVLYHSK\VLRORJLFDO DPLQRDFLGSDQHO7KHFOLQLFDOKLVWRU\FRUUHODWLRQRI*$* &'* samples coached us to interpret rare phenotypes of these diseases.

Materials and Methods:$UHWURVSHFWLYHDQDO\VLVRIWKHIROORZLQJ TXDOLW\ LQGLFDWRUV IRU WKH SHULRG RI 0DUFK 0DUFK ZDV FDUULHG RXW D 6DPSOH 5HMHFWLRQ E (TXLSPHQW %UHDNGRZQ F &ULWLFDO$OHUWV 5HSRUWLQJ G 7XUQ DURXQG 7LPH 7$7 H ([WHUQDO 4XDOLW\$VVXUDQFH6FKHPH(4$6 DQGI ,QWHUQDO4XDOLW\$VVXUDQFH 6FKHPH,4$6

Conclusion:3DUWLFLSDWLRQLQ37SURJUDPVLVHVVHQWLDODQGEHQH¿FLDO for quality assurance & training of laboratory personnel offering IEM diagnosis.

Results: $ WRWDO RI ELRFKHPLVWU\ VDPSOHV ZHUH UHFHLYHG Thirty samples were rejected based on rejection criteria viz. haemolysis, sample mismatch, unlabeled etc. Equipment breakdown RFFXUUHGWLPHVFULWLFDODOHUWVZHUHLQIRUPHGLPPHGLDWHO\ telephonically; in addition system generated short message service VPV ZDVVHQWWRSDWLHQWV7ZRSHUFHQWRIWKHUHSRUWVZHUHUHSRUWHG EH\RQG WKH JLYHQ 7$7(4$6 UHVXOWV IURP FKDOOHQJHV ZKLFK LQFOXGHG SDUDPHWHUV VKRZHG RXWOLHUV IRU ZKLFK QHFHVVDU\ corrective actions were taken. Internal quality control was performed URXWLQHO\ZKLFKZHUHZLWKLQWKHODERUDWRU\GH¿QHGUDQJHV

Atherogenic index of plasma, castelli risk indexes as useful predictors of cardiovascular risk in subclinical hypothyroidism

Conclusion: Use of quality indicators to assess and monitor the quality system of the laboratory services is an valuable tool in keeping the total testing process under control in a systematic and transparent way.

PO17

Smita Kottagi, Gajanan Channashetti Department of Biochemistry, Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences, Gadag, Karnataka Introduction: 6XEFOLQLFDO +\SRWK\URLGLVP 6&+ LV LQFUHDVHG WK\URWURSLQVWLPXODWLQJ KRUPRQH 76+ DFFRPSDQLHG E\ QRUPDO 7DQG7OHYHOV6&+LVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKPHWDEROLFGHUDQJHPHQWV elevated cholesterol, increased incidence of atherosclerosis, leading WRFDUGLRYDVFXODUULVN6LJQL¿FDQFHRIG\VOLSLGHPLDLQ6&+UHPDLQV FRQWURYHUVLDO $OWKRXJK YDULRXV LQGLFHV KDYH EHHQ XVHG WR DVVHVV FDUGLDFHYHQWVLQ6&+VLJQL¿FDQWDWWHQWLRQLVIRFXVHGRQDOWHUQDWLYH biochemical markers.

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Ind J Clin Biochem

Aims and objectives: $LP RI SUHVHQW VWXG\ ZDV WR DVVHVV OLSLG DWKHURJHQLF ULVN EDVHG RQ$WKHURJHQLF LQGH[ RI SODVPD $,3 DQG &DVWHOOL ULVN LQGH[HV &5, 2EMHFWLYH ZDV WR TXDQWLWDWLYHO\ GHWHFW OHYHOV RI WRWDOFKROHVWHURO +'/&KROHVWHURO /'/&KROHVWHURO DQG WULJO\FHULGHV WR HYDOXDWH WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI $,3 DQG &5, DV EHWWHU SUHGLFWRURIFDUGLRYDVFXODUULVNLQ6&+ Materials and Methods:6&+FDVHVFRPSDUHGZLWKHXWK\URLG FRQWUROV 6HUXP 7 776+ HVWLPDWHG E\ (/,6$ PHWKRG 6HUXP 7RWDO&KROHVWHURO +'/&KROHVWHURO E\ HQ]\PDWLF &+2'3$3 PHWKRG7ULJO\FHULGHVE\*3232'PHWKRG/'/&KROHVWHUROXVLQJ )ULHGHZDOGIRUPXOD Results:6HUXPOHYHOVRI76+3 7RWDOFKROHVWHUROS /'/ &KROHVWHURO 3 $,37*+'/ S &5,, 7& +'/ S DQG &5,,,/'/+'/ S 6\VWROLF EORRG SUHVVXUH DQG GLDVWROLF EORRG SUHVVXUH 3 VKRZHG VLJQL¿FDQW LQFUHDVH 1R VLJQL¿FDQW FKDQJH LQ OHYHOV RI VHUXP 7 7 +'/ &KROHVWHURO,QGLYLGXDODQDO\VLVUHYHDOHGWKDWWKHSHUFHQWDJHFKDQJH ZDVKLJKHUIRU$,376+DQG&5, Conclusion: Results contribute to high atherogenic risk as indicated E\$,3 DQG &5, 6R$,3 DQG &5, FDQ EH XVHG DV EHWWHU LQGLFDWRU RIG\VOLSLGHPLDDVFRPSDUHGWRLVRODWHGOLSLGSUR¿OHSDUDPHWHUVDQG KLJKOLJKWVFDUGLRYDVFXODUULVNLQ6&+

PO18 $VWXG\RIWKHUROHRIVHUXPSURVWDWHVSHFL¿FDQWLJHQ as a diagnostic tumour marker in female patients with malignant breast tumours Bikramaditya Mukherjee, Urmi Majumdar, Keya Pal Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India Introduction: %UHDVW FDUFLQRPD KDV HPHUJHG DV RQH RI WKH PRVW common malignancies among females, requiring early detection, for the overall achievement of best results after treatment, with PLQLPDOPRUELGLW\DQGPRUWDOLW\)RUWKLVSXUSRVHDZLGHYDULHW\RI PROHFXODUEDVHGSURJQRVWLFIDFWRUVDQGWXPRXUPDUNHUVOLNH&($ &$ HWF KDYH EHHQ VWXGLHG EXW ZLWK YHU\ OLPLWHG GLDJQRVWLF VHQVLWLYLW\ +HUHLQ FRPHV WKH UROH RI VHUXP 36$ SURVWDWH VSHFL¿F DQWLJHQ ZKLFK LV EHLQJ HYDOXDWHG IRU LWV GLDJQRVWLF DQG SURJQRVWLF HI¿FDF\LQUHFHQWWLPHV Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess whether VHUXP 36$ OHYHO HVWLPDWLRQ PD\EH D GLDJQRVWLF WRRO LQ GLDJQRVLQJ malignant breast disease. Materials and Methods:$VDKRVSLWDOEDVHGFURVVVHFWLRQDOVWXG\ WKHVHUXPOHYHOVRIWRWDO36$DQGIUHH36$DUHPHDVXUHGE\(/,6$ method in 30 female patients of diagnosed breast carcinoma and 30 healthy age matched female individuals. Results:6WXGHQWWWHVWGRQHE\63666RIWZDUHKDVVKRZQVLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFHRIIUHH36$OHYHOVEHWZHHQFDVHVDQGFRQWUROJURXSVS VKRZLQJFDVHVKDYHKLJKHUYDOXHVYV %XW IRU WRWDO 36$ WKHUH ZDV QR VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH S EHWZHHQWKHWZRJURXSVYV 7KHUDWLRRIIUHH WRWRWDO36$EHWZHHQWKHJURXSVYV ZHUH DOVRKLJKO\VLJQL¿FDQWS &RQFOXVLRQ7KH VWXG\ VKRZV WKDW IUHH 36$ OHYHO FDQ EH XVHG DV D diagnostic marker for malignant breast diseases although further study with a larger population is needed.

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32 &UHDWLQH NLQDVH 0% &.0% DQG QHXURQ VSHFLÀF HQRODVH16( DVPDUNHUVRIWLVVXHGDPDJHWRSUHGLFW RXWFRPHLQSHULQDWDODVSK\[LD 'HHSWL*,QJOHVKZDU9LG\D3DWLO$[LWD9DQL9LM\DHWKD33DWLO 6KLOSDVUHH$66UXVKW\6XUHVK 'HSDUWPHQWRI%LRFKHPLVWU\6'0&ROOHJHRI0HGLFDO6FLHQFHVDQG +RVSLWDO'KDUZDG ,QWURGXFWLRQ 3HULQDWDO DVSK\[LD LV D OHDGLQJ FDXVH RI QHRQDWDO PRUWDOLW\LQ,QGLD,WFUHDWHVDVLJQLÀFDQWUHDVRQIRUPRUELGLW\DQG PRUWDOLW\LQWKHÀUVWGD\VRIQHRQDWDOOLIHDQGLVDOVRDVVRFLDWHGZLWK PXOWLRUJDQFRPSOLFDWLRQV6\VWHPLFDVSK\[LDPDQLIHVWVLQWKHEUDLQ DVK\SR[LFLVFKHPLFHQFHSKDORSDWK\+,( %LRPDUNHUVDUHXVHGWR LGHQWLI\WKHLQMXU\LWVH[WHQWWLPLQJDQGOLNHO\RXWFRPH(VWLPDWLRQRI QHXURSK\VLRORJLFDOPDUNHUVVXFKDV1HXURQVSHFLÀF(QRODVHIRXQGLQ FHQWUDODQGSHULSKHUDOQHXURQVLVXVHIXOLQSUHGLFWLQJERWKLPPHGLDWH G\VIXQFWLRQDQGWKHORQJWHUPRXWFRPHLQ+,(%LRPDUNHUVZLOOKHOS WKHFOLQLFLDQVWRLGHQWLI\QHRQDWHVWKDWZLOOUHVSRQGWRK\SRWKHUPLDRU RWKHUQHZQHXURSURWHFWLYHLQWHUYHQWLRQV $LPVDQG2EMHFWLYH7KHDLPRIWKLVVWXG\LVWRDVVHVVWKHPDUNHUV RIP\RFDUGLDOLQMXU\DQG+\SR[LFLVFKHPLFHQFHSKDORSDWK\+,( LQ WKHQHZERUQE\HVWLPDWLQJWKHELRPDUNHUV &UHDWLQHNLQDVH0% /DFWDWHGHK\GURJHQDVH 1HXURQVSHFLÀF(QRODVH 7R FRPSDUH &UHDWLQH NLQDVH ²0% LQ $VSK\[LDWHG DQG 1RQ $VSK\[LDWHGQHRQDWHV 7R FRPSDUH 1HXURQ VSHFLÀF (QRODVH LQ$VSK\[LDWHG DQG 1RQ $VSK\[LDWHGQHRQDWHV 7RFRUUHODWH&.0%ZLWKP\RFDUGLDOG\VIXQFWLRQ 7RFRUUHODWH1HXURQVSHFLÀF(QRODVHLQGLIIHUHQWJUDGHVRI+,( 0HWKRGRORJ\7KLVLVDFURVVVHFWLRQDOVWXG\ZKLFKLQFOXGHVFDVHV DQGFRQWUROV6WXG\ZLOOEHFRQGXFWHGLQ6'0&06+'KDUZDG 7KH IROORZLQJ SDUDPHWHUV ZLOO EH DQDO\]HG &UHDWLQH NLQDVH0% &.0% ZLOO EH HVWLPDWHG E\ ,PPXQRLQKLELWLRQ PRGLÀHG ,)&& PHWKRG/DFWDWHGHK\GURJHQDVHZLOOEHHVWLPDWHGE\PRGLÀHG,)&& PHWKRG1HXURQVSHFLÀF(QRODVHZLOOEHHVWLPDWHGE\(/,6$ 5HVXOWVDQGFRQFOXVLRQ7KHVWXG\LVXQGHUSURFHVVWKHUHVXOWVZLOO EHSUHVHQWHGGXULQJWKHSUHVHQWDWLRQ

PO20 Serum adiponectin levels in endometrial carcinoma patients Nithin Kumar U1, Sridhar M.G. 2, Syed Habeebullah3 1 Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai. 2 Department of Biochemistry, JIPMER, Puducherry 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, JIPMER, Puducherry. Introduction: The incidence and prevalence of endometrial cancer KDV LQFUHDVHG LQ SDVW \HDUV LQ ,QGLD EHFDXVH RI FKDQJHV LQ WKH

Ind J Clin Biochem

OLIHVW\OHDQGREHVLW\$VHDUO\GLDJQRVLVRIFDQFHUFRQ¿QHGWRXWHUXV KDV H[WUHPHO\ JRRG SURJQRVLV WKHUH LV VHDUFK IRU VHUXP PDUNHUV for early diagnosis. Recent studies have shown lower circulating adiponectin concentrations are associated with an increased risk of FDQFHUVLQSRVWPHQRSDXVDOZRPHQLQGHSHQGHQWRI%0, Aim and Objectives: To estimate the levels of adiponectin in endometrial carcinoma and to compare the levels with non-diabetic, abnormal uterine bleeding patients who were taken as controls. Materials and Methods: 38 patients with endometrial carcinoma and 40 weight matched patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were LQFOXGHGLQWRWKHVWXG\DIWHUREWDLQLQJLQIRUPHGFRQVHQW$JHKHLJKW ZHLJKW ZHUH UHFRUGHG %ORRG VDPSOHV ZHUH FROOHFWHG DQG DQDO\VHG IRUDGLSRQHFWLQOHYHOVE\(/,6$PHWKRG Results: 7KHUH ZHUH QR VWDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFHV LQ GHPRJUDSKLFFKDUDFWHULVWLFVOLNHDJHDQG%0,EHWZHHQERWKJURXSV There was no statistical difference in adiponectin concentration between patients with endometrial carcinoma and abnormal uterine bleeding. Conclusion: The indifference in adiponectin concentration in HQGRPHWULDO FDQFHU DQG $8% JURXS QHJDWHV LWV XVH DV PDUNHU RI cancer. The relatively small sample size in our study may have limited our ability to detect a small to moderate difference in adiponectin levels between cases and controls.

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E\$EERWW+HDOWKFDUHIRUVHUXPYLWDPLQ'DQG'LPHQVLRQ5;/E\ 6LHPHQV+HDOWKFDUHIRUVHUXPFDOFLXPOHYHO$ELRORJLFDOUHIHUHQFH LQWHUYDORIQJPOIRUVHUXP9LWDPLQ'DQGPJGOIRU VHUXPFDOFLXPOHYHOZDVIROORZHG 5HVXOW2XWRIVDPSOHV VDPSOHVZRPHQ PHQ VKRZHG ORZ YLWDPLQ ' OHYHO DQG VDPSOHV ZRPHQ PHQ VKRZHG K\SRFDOFDHPLD3UHYDOHQFH RI YLWDPLQ ' GHÀFLHQF\ LVFRPSDUDEOHZLWKWKDWLQWKHJHQHUDOSRSXODWLRQ &RQFOXVLRQ 9LWDPLQ ' GHÀFLHQF\ LV FRPPRQ LQ SDWLHQWV ZLWK KDHPDWRO\PSKRLGPDOLJQDQF\&RQVLGHULQJLWVUROHLQKDHPDWRSRLHWLF DQG LPPXQH V\VWHP SURFHVVHV DOO SDWLHQWV VKRXOG EH VFUHHQHG IRU 9LWDPLQ'GHÀFLHQF\

PO22 5DSLG DQG VHQVLWLYH PHWKRG IRU TXDQWL¿FDWLRQ of Lamotrigine in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (LCMS/MS) Deepak Sanghavi, Rajesh Bendre Metropolis Healthcare LTD, Mumbai Introduction: /&0606 LV D UHIHUHQFH PHWKRG ZKLFK FDQ EH applied to drugs with narrow therapeutic interval and it helps in EHWWHUSDWLHQWPDQDJHPHQWGI/&0606ZDVXVHGDVDPHWKRGXVHG in research labs but it is time now that clinical laboratories start using and applying in routine clinical practise. 7KHUDSHXWLF GUXJ PRQLWRULQJ 7'0 RI DQWLHSLOHSWLF GUXJV LV QHFHVVDU\ WR RSWLPL]H SDWLHQW¶V FOLQLFDO RXWFRPH /DPRWULJLQH LV approved for the treatment of partial seizures. There are different PHWKRGV RI WHVWLQJ IRU /DPRWULJLQH &RQYHQWLRQDO TXDQWLWDWLYH PHWKRGVSURYLGHLQVXI¿FLHQWVHQVLWLYLW\ORQJHUFKURPDWRJUDSKLFUXQ time and a labour intensive work-up procedure which nowadays are less favoured in industries to support clinical studies. Background:6WHSVRIPHWKRGGHYHORSPHQWRQ/&0606LQFOXGH /LWHUDWXUH VXUYH\ 3URFXUHPHQW RI $QDO\WH DQG ,QWHUQDO 6WDQGDUG 0DWHULDOV DQG FKHPLFDO 3UHSDUDWLRQ RI &DOLEUDWLRQ 6WDQGDUGV 7XQLQJRI$QDO\WHDQG,QWHUQDO6WDQGDUG6HOHFWLRQRIPRELOHSKDVH DQG&ROXPQ6DPSOH3UHSDUDWLRQDQDO\VLVRIFKURPDWRJUDPSHDN of Lamotrigine and internal standard. Material and Methods: Retrospective study of 1 year data - May WR 0D\ 'DWD ZDV DQDO\VHG DJH ZLVH JHQGHU ZLVH DQG UHVXOW YDOXH ZLVH 2XW RI VDPSOHV UHFHLYHG UHVXOWV ZHUH ZLWKLQ QRUPDO UDQJH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV KDG QRUPDO YDOXHV&OLQLFLDQVZHUHLQIRUPHGUHVXOWVIRUORZDQGKLJKYDOXHVDQG accordingly dosage adjustments were done. Conclusion:$ KLJKO\ VHQVLWLYH IDVW DQG VHOHFWLYH PHWKRG IRU WKH GHWHFWLRQDQGTXDQWL¿FDWLRQRI/DPRWULJLQHLQKXPDQSODVPDKDVEHHQ GHYHORSHG DQG YDOLGDWHG E\ XVLQJ /&0606 $ FKURPDWRJUDSK\ time of 3 min is now made possible to analyse more samples per day Keywords:/&0606/DPRWULJLQH

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PO23 A more consistent and convenient index of ovarian reserve *Vanitha, *Victoria Job, **Aleyamma *Clinical Biochemistry, ** Reproductive Medicine Unit, CMCH Introduction: $0+ LV D GLPHULF JO\FRSURWHLQ ZLWK D PROHFXODU weight of 140 kDa and a member of the transforming growth IDFWRUEHWD VXSHUIDPLO\ $0+ FRQWLQXHV WR EH H[SUHVVHG LQ WKH growing follicles in the ovary until they have reached the size and differentiation state at which they are to be selected for dominance E\WKHDFWLRQRISLWXLWDU\)6+,QZRPHQ$0+VHUXPOHYHOVFDQEH almost undetectable at birth, with a subtle increase within the 1st 2-4 \HDUVRIDJHWKHQ$0+VHHPVWREHVWDEOHXQWLODGXOWKRRGWKHQLW GHFUHDVHVDVDVLJQRIIROOLFXODUUHVHUYHH[KDXVWLRQ Aim:7KLVVWXG\LVFRQGXFWHGWRHVWDEOLVKQRUPDOYDOXHVRI$0+LQ normal ovulatory women and to evaluate its levels in different phases of cycle. Method:ZRPHQZHUHUHFUXLWHGIRUWKLV3URVSHFWLYHFRKRUWVWXG\ :RPHQ HOLJLEOH IRU SDUWLFLSDWLRQ ZHUH EHWZHHQ ± \HDUV RI DJHKDYLQJUHJXODUPHQVWUXDOF\FOHVHYHU\±GD\V ZLWKERWK RYDULHV SUHVHQW VDPSOHV IURP SDWLHQWV KDYH EHHQ DQDO\VHG ^[ ` $0+ DVVD\ GRQH E\ D KLJKO\ VHQVLWLYH VDQGZLFK (/,6$ Result:$ SULPDU\ RXWFRPH $W WKH HQG RI WKH VWXG\ PHDQ$0+ value calculated for normal ovulatory subjects. No.of subjects

Median

Range ng/ml

b. Number analyzed: No. of Participants

Day of Collection

Mean

S.D

[

5$1'20'$<

21/<'$<

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Conclusion: 6HUXP $0+ OHYHOV KDYH EHHQ PHDVXUHG DW GLIIHUHQW WLPHV GXULQJ WKH PHQVWUXDO F\FOH VXJJHVWLQJ H[WUHPHO\ VXEWOH RU QRQH[LVWHQWÀXFWXDWLRQ6RRYDULDQUHVHUYHHYDOXDWLRQLQDOO$57 SDWLHQWVFDQEHGRQHLQDQ\SKDVHRIWKHPHQVWUXDOF\FOH&LUFXODWLQJ $0+OHYHOVUHÀHFWWKHQXPEHURIVHOHFWDEOHIROOLFOHVGXULQJWKHHDUO\ follicular phase.

PO24 Angiogenic role of hepatitis B-X protein in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma Preety Rawal1, Mohsin Hasan Bhat2, Nirupma Trehanpati2, Savneet Kaur1 1 School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India 2 Department of Research, Institute of liver and biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India Introduction and Aim:+HSDWLWLV%;SURWHLQ+%[ HQFRGHGLQ+%9 genome is a multifunctional protein that is known to play a crucial

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role in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma +&& $OWKRXJK VHYHUDO VWXGLHV KDYH IRFXVHG RQ +%[LQGXFHG FDUFLQRJHQHVLVLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI+&&LWVFRQWULEXWLRQWRZDUGV DQJLRJHQHVLV DQG LQYDVLRQ RI +&& UHPDLQV SRRUO\ XQGHUVWRRG ,Q WKH FXUUHQW VWXG\ ZH HYDOXDWHG WKH DQJLRJHQLF UROH RI +%[ LQ WKH SURJUHVVLRQRI+&&E\DGGUHVVLQJVHYHUDOin vitro studies. Material and Methods: +XK FHOOV ZHUH FXOWXUHG DQG WUDQVIHFWHG ZLWK WKH PDPPDOLDQ H[SUHVVLRQ YHFWRU S*)3+%[ SODVPLG 7KH H[SUHVVLRQRIDQJLRJHQLFJHQHVLQ+%[WUDQVIHFWHGDQGXQWUDQVIHFWHG FHOOV ZDV VWXGLHG E\ UHDO WLPH 3&5 )XUWKHU VLQFH HSLWKHOLDO PHVHQFK\PDOWUDQVLWLRQ(07 DOVRUHVXOWVLQKLJKO\DQJLRJHQLFDQG LQYDVLYHSKHQRW\SHLQWKHKHSDWRF\WHVWKHH[SUHVVLRQRIIHZLPSRUWDQW genes involved in EMT was also analyzed in both transfected and XQWUDQVIHFWHG FHOOV 6XEVHTXHQWO\ WKH UROH RI +%[ LQ LQYDVLRQ DQG metastasis was studied by comparing cell proliferation, migration DQG FKHPRWD[LV PDWULJHO LQYDVLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH XQWUDQVIHFWHG DQG transfected cells. Results: There was a substantial up-regulation of angiogenic genes LH9&$0&'PDWUL[PHWDOORSURWHLQDVHVOLNH003003 003 DQG GRZQUHJXODWLRQ RI 003 3 LQ WKH +%[ WUDQVIHFWHG FHOOV DV FRPSDUHG WR WKH XQWUDQVIHFWHG FHOOV $PRQJ the genes involved in EMT, a down-regulation was observed in UHVWLQ 0$*(+ DQ LQKLELWRU RI (07 DQG XSUHJXODWLRQ RI PHVHQFK\PDOPDUNHUVEHWDFDWHQLQDQGYLPHQWLQ3 )XUWKHU +%[WUDQVIHFWHG FHOOV H[KLELWHG HQKDQFHG SUROLIHUDWLRQ 3 PLJUDWLRQWRZDUGV9(*)JUDGLHQWLQFUHDVHLQPLJUDWRU\FHOOV 3 DQGLQYDVLRQRIWKHPDWULJHOLQFRPSDULVRQWRXQWUDQVIHFWHG FHOOVLQFUHDVHLQWKHLQYDVLRQRIFHOOV3 Conclusion:7KHUHVXOWVGHPRQVWUDWHWKDW+%[HQKDQFHVDQJLRJHQLF DQGLQYDVLYHSRWHQWLDORI+&&FHOOOLQHVYLDHSLWKHOLDOWRPHVHQFK\PDO WUDQVLWLRQ )XUWKHU DVVD\V DUH XQGHUZD\ WR VWXG\ WKH LQWHUDFWLRQ RI +%[WUDQVIHFWHGFHOOVZLWKWKHUHVLGHQWOLYHUHQGRWKHOLDODQGVWHOODWH cells.

PO25 Serum HE4 as diagnostic marker of ovarian cancer in premenopausal patients P. Mahesh Kumar, K.S.S. Sai Baba, Priscilla Chandran and M. Noorjahan Dept of Biochemistry, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana Introduction: 2YDULDQ FDQFHU LV UDQNHG DV WKH ¿IWK PRVW FRPPRQ FDXVHRIFDQFHUGHDWKVLQZRPHQ&$KDVEHHQWKHWXPRUPDUNHU RI FKRLFH LQ RYDULDQ FDQFHU EXW LWV GLDJQRVWLF VSHFL¿FLW\ LV ORZ Hence, there is a critical need for a better marker. HE4 is a new tumor marker proposed for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and disease recurrence. Objectives: To evaluate serum HE4 levels as diagnostic marker in ovarian cancer patients in a small group of premenopausal women as a pilot study.

Ind J Clin Biochem

Materials and Methods: &$ DQG +( VHUXP OHYHOV ZHUH GHWHUPLQHGLQSDWLHQWVZLWKPDOLJQDQWRYDULDQFDQFHUSDWLHQWV with benign ovarian diseases and 20 healthy women. Results: 6HUXP +( DQG &$ FRQFHQWUDWLRQV ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ higher in the ovarian cancer patients compared to those in patients with benign disease or in the healthy controls. HE4 when compared WR &$ KDG HTXDO VHQVLWLYLW\ YV EXW ORZHU VSHFL¿FLW\ YV 7KH 52&$8& YDOXH IRU +( ZDV &, IRU&$ZDV&, DQGIRUFRPELQDWLRQRI+( &$ZDV&, Conclusion: Measuring serum HE4 concentrations along with &$ FRQFHQWUDWLRQV SURYLGHV KLJKHU DFFXUDF\ IRU GHWHFWLQJ malignant ovarian cancer in premenopausal women.

PO27 Study of adiponectin and leptin levels in postmenopausal obese breast cancer Sarvari G1, Aparna R Bitla1, PVLN Srinivasa Rao1, Y. Mutheeswaraiah2, H.Narendra3, Alok Sachan4, M. Manickavasagam5, T.Asha6, A.Y. Lakshmi7 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2Department of General Surggery, 3 Department of Surgical Oncology, 4Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 5Department of Medical Oncology, 6Department of Pathology, 7Department of Radiology, S.V. Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andra Pradesh.

Sheetal Patel

Background: %UHDVW FDQFHU LV WKH PRVW FRPPRQ PDOLJQDQF\ DQG OHDGLQJ FDXVH RI FDQFHU UHODWHG PRUWDOLW\2EHVLW\ LV UHODWHG WR LQFUHDVHG ULVN RI SRVWPHQRSDXVDO EUHDVW FDQFHU $GLSRVH WLVVXH secrets a range of adipocytokines including adiponectin and leptin. $GLSRQHFWLQKDVDQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\DQGDQWLSUROLIHUDWLYHSURSHUWLHV ZKLOH OHSWLQ DFW DV D SUROLIHUDWRU DQG SURLQÀDPPDWRU\ IDFWRU 2EHVLW\ LQ DGXOWV LV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK LQFUHDVHG FLUFXODWLQJ OHYHOV RI leptin and decreased adiponectin and are involved in breast cancer development. The present study thus taken up to see the plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin in breast cancer patients.

Introduction: $FXWH 0\RFDUGLDO ,QIDUFWLRQ $0, RFFXUV GXH to atherosclerotic plaque slowly building up in the inner coronary arterial wall leading toocclusion of the artery and cessation of blood ÀRZ0LFURDOEXPLQXULDLVGH¿QHGDVXULQHDOEXPLQWRFUHDWLQLQHUDWLR 8$&5 RI PJ* 0LFURDOEXPLQXULD UHÀHFWV YDVFXODU damage in kidneys and systemic endothelial dysfunction, inducing an atherogenic diathesis.

Methodology: 7KLUW\ ¿YH QHZO\ GLDJQRVHG EUHDVW FDQFHU SRVWPHQRSDXVDO REHVH ZRPHQ DWWHQGLQJ WKH 2QFRORJ\ RXWSDWLHQW GHSDUWPHQW RI 6UL 9HQNDWHVZDUD ,QVWLWXWH RI 0HGLFDO 6FLHQFHV 7LUXSDWL ZHUH LQFOXGHG DORQJ ZLWK DJHPDWFKHG KHDOWK\ SRVWPHQRSDXVDO REHVH ZRPHQ $GLSRQHFWLQ DQG OHSWLQ ZHUH PHDVXUHG E\ FRPPHUFLDOO\ DYDLODEOH HQ]\PH LPPXQH DVVD\ (,$ NLWVRQ&KHPZHOODXWRPDWHG(/,6$V\VWHP

PO26 Microalbuminuria as an independent screening tool in patients with myocardial infarction

Aim and Objectives: To estimate and correlate the level of urine DOEXPLQ FUHDWLQLQH UDWLR 8$&5 ZLWK FRQYHQWLRQDO ELRFKHPLFDO parameters in patients suffering from MI as an independent screening tool. Material and Methods: The study was carried out at the clinical ELRFKHPLVWU\ODERUDWRU\RI60,0(5KRVSLWDO6XUDW$WRWDORIDJH and gender matched subjects were taken up for this study which were GLYLGHGLQJURXSVDVIROORZV*URXSKHDOWK\VXEMHFWVDVFRQWURO *URXSSDWLHQWVKDYLQJ$0,DQG*URXSSDWLHQWVKDYLQJERWK $0, DQG '03DWLHQWV ZLWK UHQDO GLVHDVH RWKHU WKDQ GLDEHWLF DQG K\SHUWHQVLYHQHSKURSDWK\ZHUHH[FOXGHGIURPVWXG\ Results and Conclusion: In study it was found that, only the levels RI +'/& S ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ORZ LQ JURXS FRPSDUHG WR FRQWURO JURXS $JDLQ LQ JURXS WRWDO FKROHVWHURO S WULJO\FHULGH S /'/&S &3.S DQG &3.0% S ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJK FRPSDUHG WRFRQWUROJURXS,Q*URXS8$&5S /'/& S &3.S DQG&3. 0% S ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJK FRPSDUHG WR *URXS 6LQFH 8$&5 LQ WKH UDQJH RI PLFURDOEXPLQXULD PJ* UHÀHFWVWKHJHQHUDOL]HGYDVFXODUDQGHQGRWKHOLDOG\VIXQFWLRQ HDUO\GHWHFWLRQRI8$&5FDQLQGHSHQGHQWO\EHXVHGDVDVFUHHQLQJ tool for prediction of myocardial infraction.

Results: 3ODVPD DGLSRQHFWLQ OHYHOV ZHUH IRXQG WR EH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ORZHULQEUHDVWFDQFHUSDWLHQWVFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROVS ZKLOH SODVPDOHSWLQOHYHOVZHUHIRXQGWREHVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQEUHDVW FDQFHUSDWLHQWVFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROVS Conclusion: 2EHVLW\ LQ EUHDVW FDQFHU LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ dysregulation of adipocytokines which is evidenced by decreased adiponectin and increased leptin levels. This altered plasma levels are involved in increased cell proliferation which in turn leads to breast cancer development.

PO28 Method validation of drug assays using HPLC Prasad R. Naik, Rohan V. Lokhande, Dhanashri N. Shetty, Alpa J. Dherai, Tester F. Ashavaid. Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & MRC, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai Introduction:9HUVDWLOHWHFKQLTXHVOLNH+3/&KDYHHPHUJHGDVDQ integral part of the routine clinical laboratories. They are primarily used for therapeutic drug monitoring, metabolite analysis, enzyme assays and others. They have multiple modules and need analytical H[SHUWLVH IRU DFFXUDWH UHVXOWV ,Q RXU ODERUDWRU\ ZH DQDO\]H 7KHUDSHXWLF'UXJ0RQLWRULQJ7'0 IRU$QWLHSLOHSWLFV/DPRWULJLQH 2[FDUED]HSLQH .HSSUD $QWLIXQJDOV9RULFRQD]ROH3RVDFRQD]ROH ,WUDFRQD]ROH DQG$QWLWXEHUFXORVLVGUXJV5LIDPSLFLQ ,VRQLD]LG E\+3/&

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Aim: 7R YDOLGDWH +3/& EDVHG DVVD\V XVHG IRU WKHUDSHXWLF GUXJ monitoring in our laboratory. Material and Methods: Methods were thoroughly validated using validation parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of GHWHFWLRQOLPLWRITXDQWL¿FDWLRQVSHFL¿FLW\UHFRYHU\TXDOLW\FRQWURO H[WHUQDOSUR¿FLHQF\WHVWLQJ FOLQLFDOVWXG\FRUUHODWLRQ+3/&JUDGH VROYHQWVDQGVWDQGDUGVZLWK!SXULW\ZHUHXVHG Result:7KHPHWKRGVXVHGTXDOL¿HGWKHGH¿QHGYDOLGDWLRQFULWHULD¶V IRUDOOWKHGUXJV$UHD UHWHQWLRQWLPH&9RISUHFLVLRQ DFFXUDF\ ZHUH UHVSHFWLYHO\ 5HFRYHU\ ZDV EHWZHHQ &DOLEUDWLRQ FXUYHV IRU DOO WKH GUXJV ZHUH ZLWK WKH U YDOXHV RI ! 6SHFL¿FLW\ RI WKH PHWKRG ZDV DVVHVVHG E\ FRPSDULQJ WKH chromatograms of drug standards and independent drug-free plasma samples. Conclusion: 9DOLGDWLRQ LV D PDQGDWRU\ DFFUHGLWDWLRQ UHTXLUHPHQW 7KHPHWKRGVXVHGIRUGUXJDQDO\VLVLQRXUODERUDWRU\KDYHTXDOL¿HG the acceptance criteria.

PO30 Common Hb variants encountered in HbA1C measurements on routine diabetic backup Janani Iswarya, Victoria Job Clinical Biochemistry, CMC, Vellore. Introduction: *O\FDWHG +E LV XVHG URXWLQHO\ WR PRQLWRU ORQJWHUP glycemic control in people with diabetes mellitus, as it is related directly to risks for diabetic complications. The higher the glycated hemoglobin, the poor will be the glycemic control. The accuracy RI +E$F PHWKRGV FDQ EH DIIHFWHG DGYHUVHO\ E\ WKH SUHVHQFH RI KHPRJORELQ +E YDULDQWV RU HOHYDWHG OHYHOV RI IHWDO KHPRJORELQ +E) 7KH PRVW FRPPRQ +E YDULDQWV IRXQG ZRUOGZLGH DUH +E6 +E(+E&DQG+E'7RDYRLGUHSRUWLQJRILQDFFXUDWHUHVXOWVGXHWR WKH LQWHUIHUHQFHV IURP WKHVH YDULDQWV LRQH[FKDQJH FKURPDWRJUDP VKRXOG EH FDUHIXOO\ H[DPLQHG 7KLV VWXG\ LV IRFXVHG RQ WKH LQYHVWLJDWLRQRIDEQRUPDODEEHUDQWSHDNVLQWKHFKURPDWRJUDP

PO29

Aim: To check the presence of Hb variants in the measurement RI +E$& LQ URXWLQH GLDEHWLF ZRUNXS SDWLHQWV DQG LWV HIIHFW RQ reportability.

Diagnostic role of microRNA-499 in acute myocardial infraction

Materials: ZKROH EORRG VDPSOHV IURP SDWLHQWV RI &KULVWLDQ 0HGLFDO&ROOHJH9HOORUH

* V. Kuzhandai velu, * R. Ramesh, # Mohammed Hanifa, * A. R. Srinivasan *Department of Biochemistry, #Department of General Medicine Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, (SBVU) Pondy Cuddulore, Pilliyarkuppam, Puducherry, India.

Method:6DPSOHVZHUHDQDO\]HGXVLQJ,RQH[FKDQJH+LJKSUHVVXUH OLTXLGFKURPDWRJUDSK\YDULDQW,,WXUER+E$&NLW

Introduction: $FXWH 0\RFDUGLDO ,QIUDFWLRQ $0, LV WKH OHDGLQJ causes of morbidity and mortality in worldwide, in developing countries like India. It holds high percentage due to confounding IDFWRUV RI FDUGLR PHWDEROLF GLVHDVHV 5HFHQWO\ 0LFUR51$ PL5 is becoming to play an important role diagnosis process of many GLVHDVHV 6WXGLHV KDYH SUR¿OH PDQ\ PL5 DJDLQVW FDUGLRYDVFXODU GLVHDVHVDPRQJWKHPPL5LVPDLQO\H[SUHVVHGLQP\RFDUGLXP 2XUVWXG\LVGHVLJQHGWRH[SORUHWKHGLDJQRVWLFUROHRIPLFUR51$ LQ$0, Aim:7R¿QGWKHDVVRFLDWLRQRI0LFUR51$LQ$0, Methodology: 7KH VWXG\ LQFOXGHG $0, SDWLHQWV DJHG ± \HDUV DQG FRQWURO RI VLPLODU DJH$OO FDVHV ZHUH WDNHQ IURP 0DKDWPD *DQGKL 0HGLFDO &ROOHJH DQG 5HVHDUFK ,QVWLWXWH $OO WKH FDVHV ZHUH DQDO\]HG IRU PL51$ E\ 573&5 /LSLG 3UR¿OH &.&.0%DQG7URSRQLQ7DQDO\]HGE\,)&&DSSURYHGPHWKRGV 3HDUVRQ FRUUHODWLRQ ZDV XVHG WR FRUUHODWH WKH PL5 ZLWK FDUGLDF biomarkers. Result:2XUVWXG\VKRZHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKOHYHOVRIPL5LQWKH $0,SDWLHQWVLQFRPSDULVRQWRWKHKHDOWK\FRQWUROV3 0L5 OHYHOV ZHUH SRVLWLYHO\ FRUUHODWHG ZLWK F7Q7 U 3 DQG&.0%U 3 Conclusion:7KHUHVXOWVGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWPL5KDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKH[SUHVVLRQDQGFRUUHODWLRQZLWKFDUGLDFELRPDUNHUVLQGLDJQRVLQJ $0,0L51$FRXOGEHVXJJHVWHGDVRQHRIWKHQRYHOELRPDUNHU LQGLDJQRVLQJ$0,

123

Results:+E$&YDOXHVRIVDPSOHVPHDVXUHGRYHUDRQHPRQWK SHULRGZDVDQDO\VHG VKRZHGYDULDQWV+E6DQG+E& +E' DQG +E ( +E ) WRJHWKHU ZLWK WKH RWKHU YDULDQWV (OHYDWHG +E ) DORQH ZDV IRXQG WR EH 1R SHDNVLQWKHFKURPDWRJUDP3 3SHDNV Conclusion: 1R VLJQL¿FDQW LQWHUIHUHQFHV ZHUH VHHQ LQ +E$& PHDVXUHPHQW GXH WR WKH YDULDQWV +E6 +E' +E& +E( VLQFH WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQV ZHUH VR YDOXHV ZHUH UHSRUWDEOH +E) FRQFHQWUDWLRQRI!+E$&ZDVQRWUHSRUWDEOH3 3SHDNV RI+E$&FRXOGQRWEHUHSRUWHG,QRIFDVHVRIWKH YDULDQWV WKH +E$& YDOXHV FRXOG QRW EH UHSRUWHG DQG DOWHUQDWH VHSDUDWLRQPHWKRGVQHHGWREHXVHG2QO\RIWKHWRWDOQXPEHU could not be reported in this group.

PO31 Reference intervals for human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and roma score in healthy Indian women- an interim analysis Jenevieve D’souza, Namrata Dhavde, Alpa J. Dherai, Dhanashri N. Shetty, Prerna K. Chawla, Tester F. Ashavaid P.D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, V. S. Marg, Mahim, Mumbai Introduction: Initial laboratory diagnosis for ovarian cancer is EDVHGRQTXDQWLWDWLYHGHWHUPLQDWLRQRI&DQFHUDQWLJHQ&$ KRZHYHULWKDVDORZVHQVLWLYLW\DQGVSHFL¿FLW\+XPDQepididymis SURWHLQ +( LV D QHZ PDUNHU VSHFL¿F IRU RYDULDQ FDQFHU 7KH 5LVNRI2YDULDQ0DOLJQDQF\$OJRULWKP520$ DVLPSOHVFRULQJ algorithm, is used to evaluate the risk using both these markers.

Ind J Clin Biochem

Aims & objectives: 7RYDOLGDWHUHIHUHQFHLQWHUYDO5, IRU+(DQG &$DQGFDOFXODWH520$VFRUHLQKHDOWK\ZRPHQ Methods: +( DQG &$ VHUXP FRQFHQWUDWLRQV ZHUH GHWHUPLQHG LQ KHDOWK\ ZRPHQ ZLWK QR NQRZQ J\QDHFRORJLFDO FRQGLWLRQV XVLQJ (OHFV\V +( DQG (OHFV\V &$ ,, NLWV 7KH VWXG\ JURXS were divided, based on their age and menopausal status. The RI for ERWKPDUNHUVZHUHGHWHUPLQHGXVLQJWKH&/6,(3JXLGHOLQHV7KH quality controls of both the assays were within the range. Results:7KHKHDOWK\ZRPHQZHUHGLYLGHGLQWRSUHPHQRSDXVDO Q DQG SRVWPHQRSDXVDO Q JURXSV 7KH PHDQ +( 5, DQG &$ OHYHOV 5, LQ SUHPHQRSDXVDO ZRPHQ ZHUH SPRO/ SPRO/ DQG 8PO 8PO UHVSHFWLYHO\ ZKLOH LQ SRVWPHQRSDXVDO ZRPHQ ZHUH SPRO/ SPRO/ DQG 8PO 8PO UHVSHFWLYHO\ 0HGLDQ 520$ VFRUH LQ SUHPHQRSDXVDO ZRPHQ ZDV ZKLOH LQ SRVWPHQRSDXVDO ZRPHQ ZDV $V WKH DJH LQFUHDVHG WKH 520$ VFRUH DQG +( ZDV QRWHG WR EH VOLJKWO\ KLJKHUZKLOH&$FRQVLGHUDEO\GHFUHDVHGLQWKHROGHUDJHJURXS !\HDUV Conclusion::HYDOLGDWHGWKH5,IRUVHUXP+(DQG&$LQSUH DQGSRVWPHQRSDXVDOZRPHQ7KH520$VFRUHZDVVHHQWREHKLJK in post-menopausal women, while the distribution in pre-menopausal women was skewed. Key words:+(&$5HIHUHQFH,QWHUYDOV,QGLDQZRPHQ

PO32 )HFDOFDOSURWHFWLQ±PDUNHUIRULQÀDPPDWRU\ERZHO disease Bhamini Keny1, Suvarna Gaikwad1, Suruchi Parkar1, Alpa J Dherai1, Dhanashri Shetty1, Devendra Desai2, Anand Joshi2, Philip Abraham2, Tarun Gupta2, Tester.F.Ashavaid1 1 Department of Biochemistry, P.D. Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai. 2 Department of Gastroenterology, P.D. Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai. Background: Several fecal markers are proposed to diagnose DFWLYH RUJDQLF GLVHDVHV $PRQJVW WKHVH IHFDO FDOSURWHFWLQ )& LV PRVW ZLGHO\ XVHG GXH WR LWV VWDELOLW\ DQG HDVH RI GHWHFWLRQ )HFDO FDOSURWHFWLQ HVWLPDWLRQ E\ (/,6$ LV RIIHUHG DV D VHUYLFH LQ RXU laboratory since January 2013. Aim and Objective:7R UHYLHZ )& GDWD DQG FRUUHODWH WKH ¿QGLQJV ZLWK FOLQLFDO SUHVHQWDWLRQ DQG DVVHVV LWV HI¿FDF\ DV D PDUNHU IRU ,QÀDPPDWRU\%RZHO'LVHDVH,%' Methods: %DVHG RQ NLW FXW RII )& OHYHO RI XJJ ZDV QRUPDO ZKLOH!XJJZDVVXJJHVWLYHRIDFWLYH,%'2XUODERUDWRU\GDWDWLOO 'HFHPEHUZDVVRUWHGDFFRUGLQJO\DQGUHVXOWVZHUHFRUUHODWHG ZLWKFOLQLFDOKLVWRU\DQGH[DPLQDWLRQ

Results: 2XW RI WKH SDWLHQWV UHIHUUHG FOLQLFDO DVVHVVPHQW ZDV DYDLODEOHRQO\IRU$PRQJVWWKHVHZHUHFOLQLFDOO\GLDJQRVHG WR KDYH DQ DFWLYH ,%' ZKLOH ZHUH HLWKHU LQ UHPLVVLRQ RU KDG QRQ RUJDQLF GLVHDVH %DVHG RQ FXW RII DQG FOLQLFDO GLDJQRVLV SDWLHQWVZHUHWUXHSRVLWLYHVZKLOHZHUHWUXHQHJDWLYHV)&OHYHO XJJ ZDV REWDLQHG LQ DFWLYH ,%' SDWLHQWV IDOVH QHJDWLYH ZKLOH!XJJIDOVHSRVLWLYH ZDVREWDLQHGLQQRQ,%'SDWLHQWV 7KH UHVXOWV VKRZHG VHQVLWLYLW\ VSHFL¿FLW\IRU )& DV D PDUNHU IRU DFWLYH ,%' 5HPDLQLQJ SDWLHQWV ZLWK )& OHYHO RI ±XJJHLWKHUKDGDQLQIHFWLRQDPLOGRUJDQLFGLVHDVHRUZHUH towards remission. Conclusion: )& LV D QRQLQYDVLYH PDUNHU DQG FDQ EH XVHG IRU SUHOLPLQDU\VFUHHQLQJRIDFWLYH,%'DQGIRUPRQLWRULQJWKHWKHUDS\

PO33 Liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT in breast cancer patients Mamata Saraf Background: Recent data published on world cancer day suggest that breast cancer has upstaged cervical cancer as the most common FDQFHU DPRQJ ,QGLDQ ZRPHQ 2FFXUUHQFH RI RUJDQ G\VIXQFWLRQ is a common phenomenon in the breast cancer patients. Hepatic G\VIXQFWLRQ LQ WKHVH SDWLHQWV KDV D VLJQL¿FDQW LPSDFW RQ SDWLHQW outcomes and represents a substantial health care burden. It requires consideration of hepatic function and probable and proven site of FKHPRWKHUDS\$PRQJWKHYDULRXVWXPRUPDUNHUVDYDLODEOHHQ]\PHV are one of them. Liver enzymes can be used as the marker of hepatic WR[LFLW\LQEUHDVWFDQFHUSDWLHQWVUHFHLYLQJFKHPRWKHUDS\ Objective of the study: The aim of the present study was to measure VHUXP OHYHOV RI OLYHU HQ]\PHV 6*27 DQG 6*37 LQ EUHDVW FDQFHU patients attending a tertiary care hospital from Marathwada region RI:HVWHUQ,QGLD Materials and methods: $ WRWDO RI SDWKRORJLFDOO\ GLDJQRVHG EUHDVW FDQFHU SDWLHQWV YLVLWLQJ RXU FHQWUH IURP \HDU WR ZHUHVHOHFWHGIRUVWXG\$WRWDORIDJHVH[PDWFKHGDSSDUHQWO\ KHDOWK\ LQGLYLGXDOV ZHUH WDNHQ DV WKH ³FRQWURO JURXS´ $OUHDG\ established methods were used for analysis of enzymes. Result: 6WXG\UHVXOWUHYHDOVWKDWPHDQ6*27,8/ DQG6*37,8/ DUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQSDWLHQWV ZLWKEUHDVWFDQFHUDVFRPSDUHGZLWKFRQWUROJURXS6*27 ,8/ DQG 6*37 ,8/ 7KH GLIIHUHQFH LV VWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQW Conclusion:0HDVXUHPHQWRIVHUXPOHYHOVRIOLYHUHQ]\PHV6*27 DQG6*37FDQEHXVHIXOPDUNHURIKHSDWLFWR[LFLW\LQEUHDVWFDQFHU patients receiving chemotherapy. Key words:%UHDVWFDQFHU&KHPRWKHUDS\6*27DQG6*37

123

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PO34 6WXG\RIVHUXP&5HDFWLYH3URWHLQDQGERQHVSHFL¿F alkaline phosphatase levels in children with nephrotic syndrome Seema Patel, 1Deepa Haldar, 2Shobha Sharma, 1B.C Kabi Department of Biochemistry, 2Department of Pediatrics VMMC and SJH, New Delhi, India. 1 1

Introduction and Objectives: 1HSKURWLF V\QGURPH 16 LV characterized by nephrotic-range proteinuria, often occurs as a part of DV\VWHPLFLOOQHVVZLWKDQLQÀDPPDWRU\VWDWH6HUXPKLJKO\VHQVLWLYH & 5HDFWLYH 3URWHLQ KV&53 OHYHO LV D ZHOOUHFRJQL]HG PDUNHU RI LQÀDPPDWLRQDQG16LQFKLOGUHQLVQRWFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\VLJQL¿FDQW ORVV RI &53 LQWR WKH XULQH 6R VWXG\ ZDV DLPHG WR HYDOXDWH VHUXP &53OHYHOV%RQHVSHFL¿FDONDOLQHSKRVSKDWDVHZKLFKLVRQHRIWKH isoenzymes, is produced by osteoblast, and a good marker of bone formation and was also assessed to see the effect of NS in bone metabolism. Material and Methods: FKLOGUHQ ZLWK ¿UVW HSLVRGH QHSKURWLF V\QGURPH DWWHQGLQJ ZLWK DJH \HDU DQG \HDUV DQG DJH DQGVH[PDWFKHGKHDOWK\FRQWUROZHUHLQFOXGHGLQWKHVWXG\6HUXP KV&53DQG%$3OHYHOZDVHVWLPDWHGE\(Q]\PHOLQNHGLPPXQRDVVD\ technique. Result:6HUXPKV&53DQG%RQHVSHFL¿FDONDOLQHSKRVSKDWDVHOHYHOV ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ FKLOGUHQ ZLWK 16 FRPSDUHG WR KHDOWK\ controls. Conclusion: 7KH LQFUHDVH LQ %$3 PD\ EH UHODWHG WR LQFUHDVHG osteoclastic bone resorption and increased bone turnover secondary WRLQÀDPPDWLRQ$VKLJKVHQVLWLYH&53KV&53 LVDVVRFLDWHGZLWK higher risk of atherosclerotic complications and altered bone mineral PHWDEROLVPLVFRPPRQLQWKHFRXUVHRI,16VHUXP%$3DQG&53 OHYHODVVHVVPHQWLQOLJKWRIFOLQLFDOIHDWXUHVPLJKWSURYHEHQH¿FLDO to reduce morbidity associated with it. However, the study needs to be done in larger group of patients which would enable to draw more logistic conclusions.

PO35 Insulin resistance and beta cell function antipsychotic naive schizophrenia patients

in

Vikas Agarwala, Jagadisha Thirthallia, Naveen Kumar Ca, Rita Christopherb, B. N. Gangadhara Department of Psychiatrya and Neurochemistryb, NIMHANS, Bangalore. Introduction: Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by inability of the patient to separate reality from non-reality. 3DWLHQWV ZLWK VFKL]RSKUHQLD KDYH KLJK SUHYDOHQFH RI PHWDEROLF abnormalities which is constituted by obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Metabolic abnormalities FDQFDXVH&9'LQVXFKSDWLHQWVDQGWKHUHE\HQKDQFHPRUELGLW\DQG premature death. In this background, we assessed the co-occurrence of metabolic abnormality and schizophrenia. Aim and Objective:7KHSUHVHQWVWXG\ZDVXQGHUWDNHQWRH[DPLQH insulin resistance and beta cell function in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia patients.

123

Material and Methods:$FURVVVHFWLRQDOVWXG\ZDVSHUIRUPHGLQWKH SDWLHQWVQHZO\GLDJQRVHGZLWKVFKL]RSKUHQLDQ DQWLSV\FKRWLF QDwYH DQG KHDOWK\ YROXQWHHUV Q 7KH SDUWLFLSDQWV LQ WKLV study were matched for age and gender. Serum insulin levels were HVWLPDWHG E\ (/,6$ ,QVXOLQ UHVLVWDQFH DQG EHWD FHOO IXQFWLRQ ZDV DVVHVVHG XVLQJ +20$,5 DQG +20$% *OXFRVH ZDV PHDVXUHG enzymatically. The independent sample t-test was carried out to compare normally distributed continuous variables between two groups. Results: The fasting serum levels of insulin and glucose were VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQFUHDVHG S W DQG S W UHVSHFWLYHO\ LQ WKH SDWLHQWV ZKHQ FRPSDUHG ZLWK KHDOWK\ YROXQWHHUV 7KHUH ZDV QR VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH LQ +20$,5 S W DQG +20$% S W LQGH[ between the patients and control groups. Conclusion: 2XU GDWD VXJJHVW WKDW LQVXOLQ UHVLVWDQFH DQG EHWD FHOO dysfunction are not common in patients with schizophrenia. Larger FURVVVHFWLRQDOVWXGLHVDUHZDUUDQWHGWRYDOLGDWHRXU¿QGLQJV

PO36 Anticancer activity of Cyperus rotundus on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma Hema Nidugala, Ramakrishna Avadhani, Ravishankar B Yenepoya Medical College, Deralakatte, Mangaluru Introduction: &DQFHU LV WKH VHFRQG PRVW OHDGLQJ FDXVH RI GHDWK worldwide. Despite the advancements in the treatment modalities, PRUWDOLW\ UDWHV GXH WR FDQFHU DUH DODUPLQJ $GYHUVH HIIHFWV RI chemotherapy and radiation therapy demands search for alternative therapies among which phytotherpy looks promising. Aims and Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the DQWLFDQFHUHI¿FDF\RICyperus rotundus on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Cyperus rotundus rhizomes were collected IURP WKH ORFDO HQYLURQV GULHG SRZGHUHG DQG H[WUDFWHG LQ HWKDQRO E\ FROG SHUFRODWLRQ PHWKRG 5HVXOWDQW H[WUDFW ZDV FRQFHQWUDWHG to obtain a brownish semisolid paste. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was induced in swiss albino mice by intraperitoneal injection of [FHOOV PLFH YLDEOH WXPRU FHOOV $QLPDOV ZHUH WUHDWHG ZLWK Cyperus rotundusH[WUDFWSHURUDOO\ZLWKPJNJZWDQGPJ kg wt dosages. Mean survival time of the animals was recorded and FRPSDUHGZLWKWKDWRIWXPRUFRQWURO$VXESRSXODWLRQIURPDOOWKH WUHDWPHQWJURXSVZDVVDFUL¿FHGDQGDQDO\]HGIRUKHPDWRORJLFDODQG biochemical parameters as per standard protocols. Results and Conclusion: &\SHUXV URWXQGXV H[WUDFW FRXOG LQFUHDVH WKHOLIHVSDQE\DQGLQJURXSVWUHDWHGZLWKPJNJZW DQGPJNJERG\ZWUHVSHFWLYHO\+HPDWRORJLFDOSDUDPHWHUVOLNH 5%&FRXQWDQGKHPRJORELQSHUFHQWDJHZHUHUHVWRUHGWRQRUPDOOHYHOV LQH[WUDFWDGPLQLVWHUHGJURXSV$QWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\DVVD\LQGLFDWHG WKDW WKH H[WUDFW WUHDWPHQW FRXOG LQFUHDVH WKH OHYHOV RI DQWLR[LGDQW enzymes. In conclusion, Cyperus rotundus H[WUDFW SRVVHVVHG potent anticancer activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Mus musculus system.

Ind J Clin Biochem

PO37 C-peptide and insulin levels in metabolic syndrome Bharat Kumar Gupta1, Debapriya Bandyopadhyay2, Dilutpal Sharma3 , Shorya Taliyan1 1 Dept. of Biochemistry, Subharti Medical College, Meerut 2 Dept. of Biochemistry, A I I M S, Village Sijua, Bhubaneswar 3 Dept. of Biochemistry, K G Medical University, Lucknow. Background: Metabolic syndrome is one of the major public health LVVXHV ZLWK ± SUREDELOLW\ RI GHYHORSLQJ W\SH 'LDEHWHV 0HOOLWXV DQGRU FDUGLRYDVFXODU GLVHDVH 2Q H[WHQVLYH VHDUFK RI OLWHUDWXUHZHFRXOGKDUGO\¿QGDQ\VWXG\ZKLFKFRXOG¿QGDVWURQJ FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ EDVDO &SHSWLGH OHYHOV DQG FRPSRQHQWV RI metabolic syndrome; the workers have tried to establish that high &SHSWLGH OHYHOV FRH[LVWV ZLWK K\SHULQVXOLQHPLD LQ PHWDEROLF V\QGURPH6RZHKDYHWULHGWRH[SORUHWKHOHYHOVRI&SHSWLGHDQG insulin in the patients of metabolic syndrome. Methods:$IWHUWDNLQJHWKLFDOFOHDUDQFHWKHSDWLHQWVZHUHVFUHHQHG IRU 0HWDEROLF V\QGURPH LQ WKH 0HWDEROLF 23' RI WKH DVVRFLDWHG KRVSLWDO DQG D WRWDO RI SDWLHQWV ZHUH VHOHFWHG DQG HQUROOHG IRU WKHSUHVHQWVWXG\$OOWKHSDWLHQWVZHUHVXEMHFWHGWRFRPSOHWHJHQHUDO DQG V\VWHPLF H[DPLQDWLRQ DQG ¿QGLQJV QRWHG:DLVW FLUFXPIHUHQFH was also recorded in all of them. Routine investigations were done. 7KH VSHFLDO LQYHVWLJDWLRQV OLNH OLSLG SUR¿OH IDVWLQJ EORRG JOXFRVH &SHSWLGH DQG ,QVXOLQ OHYHOV ZHUH HVWLPDWHG LQ DOO WKH FDVHV DQG ¿QGLQJVUHFRUGHGDQGVWDWLVWLFDOO\DQDO\VHG Results: 2XW RI WKH WRWDO VWXG\ JURXS RI VXEMHFWV ^ ZHUH PDOHV DQG ZHUH IHPDOHV` DQG VXEMHFWVKDGFSHSWLGHOHYHO!QJPOPHDQ6' QJPO DQG QJPO UHVSHFWLYHO\DQGLQVXOLQOHYHOVZHUHIRXQGWREH!P,8/ P,8/ DQGP,8/ LQ DQG VXEMHFWVUHVSHFWLYHO\ Conclusion: In our study we found that Metabolic syndrome effect PRUH PDOHV WKDQ IHPDOHV &SHSWLGH OHYHO ZDV HOHYDWHGLQRIVXEMHFWVZKLFKLVVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWS ZKHUHDVLQVXOLQOHYHOZDVZLWKLQQRUPDOUDQJHLQPD[LPXPQXPEHU RISDWLHQWVWKHUHIRUH&SHSWLGHPD\EHDEHWWHUELRPDUNHUIRUKLJK ULVNRI&9'DQG7'0LQWKHVHSDWLHQWV Keywords: Metabolic Syndrome, fasting blood glucose, fasting &SHSWLGHIDVWLQJ,QVXOLQDQGELRPDUNHU

PO38 In vitro study of effect of Calotropis gigantia on tissue angiotensin converting enzyme Ranjini H S1, Padmanabha Udupa E G1, Shobha U Kamath1, Manjunath Setty2, Basavaraj Hadapad3 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, MCOPS, 3 Department of Ayurveda, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal. Introduction:$QJLRWHQVLQFRQYHUWLQJHQ]\PH$&((& is a zinc metallopeptidase that typically cleaves angiotensin I to DQJLRWHQVLQ ,, D SRWHQW YDVRFRQVWULFWRU ZKLFK LV PRVW FRPPRQO\ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK WKH UHJXODWLRQ RI EORRG SUHVVXUH .QRZQ DQWLK\SRWHQVLYHGUXJVXVHGDJDLQVW$&(DUHVDIHDQGZHOOWROHUDWHG

with certain side effects. Use of medicinal plants can be a good alternative for antihypotensive agents. Aim: The present study was aimed to estimate the effect of PHWKDQROLF H[WUDFW RI Calotropis gigantia on tissue angiotensin FRQYHUWLQJHQ]\PH$&( Materials and methods: 7LVVXH $&( DFWLYLW\ LQ NLGQH\ OXQJ DQG WHVWLV ZDV PHDVXUHG ZLWK +LSSXU\O+LVWLG\O/HXFLQH ++/ as substrate by quantifying the amount of hippuric acid released spectrophotometrically at 228nm. Similar procedure was also carried RXWLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIDPHWKDQROLFH[WUDFWRI Calotropis gigantia to evaluate the effect. Results: 7KH OLQHDULW\ RI $&( DFWLYLW\ LQ NLGQH\ OXQJ DQG WHVWLV ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG ZLWK ++/ DV VXEVWUDWH 6LJQL¿FDQW LQFUHDVH LQ WKH $&(DFWLYLW\ZDVREVHUYHGLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIDPHWKDQROLFH[WUDFWRI Calotropis gigantia ORICalotropis gigantiaOHDIH[WUDFW has increased sheep kidney and lung by 24% and 12% respectively. +RZHYHUWKHUHZDVQRHIIHFWRQW$&( Conclusion:7KHVLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHLQWKHNLGQH\DQGOXQJEXWQRWD W$&(DFWLYLW\E\WKLVSODQWPLJKWVXJJHVWLWVLQGLUHFWDFWLRQRQEORRG SUHVVXUH 7KXV WKH PHGLFLQDO SODQW H[WUDFW FRXOG EH FRQVLGHUHG DV DQDFWLYDWRURI$&(IRUPHGLFLQDODQGFRPPHUFLDOXVHV+RZHYHU further studies are to be carried out to validate this result and to elucidate the active components involved.

PO39 6HUXP OLSLG SUR¿OH LQ [DQWKHODVPD SDOSHEUDUXP link to atherosclerosis *Ketki K, $Garima Rai *Department of Biochemistry, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, India. $Department of Ophthalmology, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, India. Introduction:;DQWKHODVPD3DOSHEUDUXP;3 LVWKHPRVWFRPPRQ RI WKH [DQWKRPDV ZLWK DV\PSWRPDWLF V\PPHWULFDO ELODWHUDO soft, yellow, velvety, polygonal papules around the eyelids. Several factors like lipid abnormalities, hormonal factors, local factors and macrophages are attributed to play a role in its etio-pathogenesis of [DQWKHODVPD&RURQDU\DUWHU\GLVHDVHLVPRUHFRPPRQO\DVVRFLDWHG ZLWKSDWLHQWVKDYLQJ;3 Aims and Objectives: 7R ¿QG RXW WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ [DQWKHODVPD SDOSHEUDUXP DQG ELRFKHPLFDO OLSLG SUR¿OH 7R GHWHUPLQH ZKHWKHU [DQWKHODVPD SDOSHEUDUXP PD\ EH D FXWDQHRXV marker for atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: 6WXG\ GHVLJQ $ GHVFULSWLYH FDVH FRQWURO VWXG\7RWDO 6XEMHFWV FDVHV FRQWUROV ,QFOXVLRQ FULHWHULD 3DWLHQWV DWWHQGLQJ RSKWKDOPRORJ\ 23' ZLWK [DQWKHODVPD SDOSHEUDUXP 3DWLHQWV EHWZHHQ \HDUV RI DJH DQG ER[ VH[HV 3DWLHQWV ZLOOLQJ WR XQGHUJR OLSLG SUR¿OH WHVWLQJ$JH PDWFKHG DQG GLVHDVHIUHHVXEMHFWVZHUHWDNHQDVFRQWUROV([FOXVLRQFULHWHULD$OO WKHSDWLHQWVDQGFRQWUROVKDGQRUPDO)DVWLQJDQG3RVWSUDQGLDO EORRGVXJDUOHYHOVWRUXOHRXW'LDEHWHV0HOOLWXV$OOSDWLHQWVDQG FRQWUROVKDGQRUPDO7K\URLG)XQFWLRQ7HVWVWRUXOHRXWWK\URLG dysfunction. The patients and controls were not on any hypolipidemic drugs. Methods: Each patient was subjected to a detailed history and a WKRURXJKFOLQLFDOH[DPLQDWLRQ9HQRXVVDPSOHVZHUHFROOHFWHGDIWHU overnight fasting of 12 hours and subjected to investigation for the

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OLSLG SUR¿OH 6HUXP7RWDO &KROHVWHURO ZDV HVWLPDWHG E\ (Q]\PDWLF (QG3RLQW0HWKRG+'/&KROHVWHUROZDVGHWHUPLQHGE\SUHFLSLWDWLRQ PHWKRG6HUXP7ULJO\FHULGHZDVHVWLPDWHGE\(Q]\PDWLF(QG3RLQW PHWKRG *323$3 0HWKRG $OO WKH ELRFKHPLFDO WHVWV ZHUH GRQH RQ6LHPHQ¶V'LHPHQVLRQ;SDQG3OXV)XOO\$XWRPDWHG&KHPLVWU\ $QDO\]HU 9/'/ DQG /'/ ZHUH FDOFXODWHG E\ )ULHGZDOG IRUPXOD Student T test was performed between the control and patient group WR NQRZ WKH VWDWLVWLFDO VLJQL¿FDQFH 7KH SUHYDOHQFH RI FDUGLDF ULVN factors, the rates of atherosclerotic disease were assessed between the JURXSVZLWKWKHKHOSRI)UDPLQJKDPULVNVFRUHV Results: ;3 ZDV IRXQG WR EH PRUH SUHYDOHQW LQ IHPDOHV 0DMRULW\ RI WKH SDWLHQWV EHORQJHG WR WKH ± \HDUV DJH JURXS LQ ERWK WKH VH[HV SDWLHQWV ZHUH K\SHUFKROHVWHUROHPLF Hypertriglyceridemia was present in 40% patients and 18% controls. 6HUXP /'/ &KROHVWHURO ZDV HOHYDWHG LQ SDWLHQWV DV FRPSDUHGWRRQO\DPRQJFRQWUROV6HUXP+'/&KROHVWHURO was below normal in 30% patients while as compared to only 10% DPRQJ FRQWUROV )UDPLQJKDP ULVN VFRUH ZDV HOHYDWHG LQ SDWLHQWV compared to controls. Conclusion:,WVKRZVWKDW/LSLG3UR¿OH )UDPLQJKDPULVNVFRUH HOHYDWHG LQ SDWLHQWV KDYLQJ ;DQWKHODVPD 3DOSHEUDUXP 6LQFH DQ HOHYDWHG OLSLG SUR¿OH KDV D GLUHFW UHODWLRQ WR DWKHURVFOHURWLF KHDUW GLVHDVH DQ DWWHPSW PD\ DOVR EH PDGH WR FRUUHODWH ;DQWKHODVPD 3DOSHEUDUXPZLWKDWKHURVFOHURWLFKHDUWGLVHDVH7KLVSUHVHQWVQHZHU avenues for research and diagnosis.

PO40 8WLOLW\RIVHUXPFDUERK\GUDWHGH¿FLHQWWUDQVIHUULQDV a marker of chronic alcohol abuse Mehta KD1, SahSK1, Das BKL1, Sapkota N2, PradhanB3, Lamsal M1. Department of Biochemistry1, Psychiatry2, Internal Medicine3, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. Background:$OFRKRO DEXVH KDV OHG WR D VLJQL¿FDQW KHDOWK UHODWHG GLVWXUEDQFHVDQGWKXVKHDY\H[SHQGLWXUHRIWKHVRFLHW\(VWDEOLVKLQJ WKH DFWXDO GLDJQRVLV IRU HDUO\ WUHDWPHQW XVLQJ D PRUH VSHFL¿F DQG VHQVLWLYH PDUNHU LH &DUERK\GUDWH 'H¿FLHQW7UDQVIHUULQ &'7 LV the need of time.

Results: 7KH DQDO\VLV VKRZV VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFHV LQ YDOXHV RI VHUXP$67$/7**7DQG&'7LQFDVHVDVFRPSDUHGWRPRGHUDWH GULQNHUV DQG FRQWUROV 52& FXUYHV VKRZHG WKDW &'7 KDV WKH KLJKHVWVHQVLWLYLW\DQGVSHFL¿FLW\DQGUHVSHFWLYHO\ WKDQ other parameters. Conclusion: &'7 FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHG DV D PRUH VHQVLWLYH DQG VSHFL¿F PDUNHU WKDQ RWKHU FRQYHQWLRQDO ELRPDUNHUV RI DOFRKRO abuse and thus can be applied for the early diagnosis of the chronic alcoholics. Keywords:$OFRKRODEXVH&'7DQG/)7 PO41 Hemoglobinopathies may distort HbA1c – a study of 16000 samples in a clinical diagnostic laboratory of South India Mrinal Gupta1, Priyanka Datta2, Devika Tayal1, Pragna Rao3 1 Dept. of Biochemistry, National institute of Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi. 2 Dept. of Biochemistry, Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal. 3 Dept. of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal. Aims & Objectives: 7R UHSRUW FOLQLFDOO\ VLOHQW KHPRJORELQ +E YDULDQWV OLNH +E +RSH +3)+ +E - +E ' 3XQMDE +E &DPGHQ WKDWUHVXOWLQVSXULRXVYDOXHVRI+E$FZKHQDVVD\HGXVLQJFDWLRQ H[FKDQJH+3/& Materials and methods: &OLQLFDO VWXG\ ZDV FRQGXFWHG LQ WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI %LRFKHPLVWU\ .DVWXUED +RVSLWDO 0DQLSDO IURP $SULOWR-DQXDU\+E$FPHDVXUHPHQWVZHUHSHUIRUPHG RQHWK\OHQHGLDPLQHWHWUDDFHWLFDFLG('7$ EORRGVDPSOHV E\ %LR5DG 9DULDQW ,, WXUER D FDWLRQH[FKDQJH +3/& V\VWHP &KURPDWRJUDPVZHUHYLVXDOO\LQVSHFWHGIRUSUHVHQFHRIDQ\DEQRUPDO patterns or peaks. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was performed on any samples showing abnormal patterns or peaks and results were DQDO\VHG+E$FYDOXHVRIWKHSDWLHQWVGLDJQRVHGZLWKKHPRJORELQ YDULDQWV PHDVXUHG XVLQJ +3/& ZHUH FRPSDUHG UHWURVSHFWLYHO\ ZLWK WKH +E$F YDOXHV GHULYHG XVLQJ WKH LPPXQRWXUELGLPHWU\ method also.

Objective: 7R HVWDEOLVK &'7 DV D EHWWHU PDUNHU LQ UHVSHFW WR VSHFL¿FLW\ DQG VHQVLWLYLW\ RYHU WKH FRQYHQWLRQDO ELRPDUNHUV LQ WKH patients of chronic alcohol abuse.

Results and discussion: :H HQFRXQWHUHG KHPRJORELQ YDULDQWV +E+RSH+3)++E-+E'3XQMDE +E&DPGHQLQWKHVDPSOHV VKRZLQJ DEQRUPDO FKURPDWRJUDPV9DULDQWV FDQ DOWHU WKH UHWHQWLRQ time of the various fractions of hemoglobin leading to spurious +E$FUHVXOW+E+RSH +E&DPGHQDUHNQRZQWREHUDUHYDULDQWV in this part of the world but their presence cannot be entirely ruled out as seen in our study.

Method:2XWRIWRWDOSDUWLFLSDQWVQ ¿IW\FKURQLFDOFRKROLFV VFRUH DQG ¿IW\ PRGHUDWH DOFRKROLFV VFRUH EDVHG RQ WKH &$*(4XHVWLRQQDLUHZHUHUHFUXLWHGIURP%3.,+6KRVSLWDO$JHDQG JHQGHUPDWFKHGDSSDUHQWO\KHDOWK\LQGLYLGXDOVQ ZHUHVHOHFWHG DVFRQWUROVVFRUH]HUR /LYHUIXQFWLRQWHVWV/)7 ZHUHHVWLPDWHG XVLQJ IXOO\ DXWRPDWHG FKHPLVWU\ DQDO\]HU &2%$6 DQG VHUXP &'7ZDVDVVHVVHGXVLQJ(/,6$PHWKRG

Conclusion: .QRZOHGJH DQG DZDUHQHVV RI KHPRJORELQ YDULDQWV DIIHFWLQJ +E$F PHDVXUHPHQWV LV HVVHQWLDO LQ RUGHU WR DYRLG PLVPDQDJHPHQW RI GLDEHWLF SDWLHQWV $FFLGHQWDO GLVFRYHU\ RI variant hemoglobins emphasizes the importance of testing glycated KHPRJORELQE\VHYHUDOPHWKRGVZKHQHYHUYHU\KLJKORZYDOXHVDUH obtained which are not in line with the blood glucose levels of the patient.

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PO42 Can NT pro BNP predict dyslipidemia? Krishnananda Prabhu, Vijetha Shenoy Belle Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, India. Introduction:1WHUPLQDOSUR%UDLQ1DWULXUHWLF3HSWLGH17SUR%13 is a neurohormone synthesized and released from the cardiac ventricles in response to myocardial wall stress. It is a marker for KHDUW IDLOXUH 7KH )UDPLQJKDP +HDUW 6WXG\ VXJJHVWHG FRURQDU\ DUWHU\GLVHDVH&$' DVWKHPRVWFRPPRQFDXVHRIKHDUWIDLOXUH+) rather than hypertension or valvular heart disease. It also showed &$' FDQ DFFHOHUDWH WKH SURJUHVVLRQ RI +) DQG SUHGLVSRVH WKHP WR KLJKHUPRUWDOLW\DVFRPSDUHGWRSDWLHQWVZLWKRXW&$'$VDGYHUVH OLSLGSUR¿OHLVDPRGL¿DEOHULVNIDFWRUWKDWFDQSUHGLVSRVHWR&$' WKLVVWXG\FRPSDUHG17SUR%13DQGOLSLGSUR¿OHLQKHDOWK\VXEMHFWV ZLWKRXWDQ\KHDUWIDLOXUHWRHYDOXDWHUROHRI17SUR%13LQSUHGLFWLRQ of future coronary event. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Department RI %LRFKHPLVWU\ LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK 'HSDUWPHQW RI &DUGLRORJ\ .0&0DQLSDODIWHUWKHDSSURYDOIURPInstitutional Review Board. $ZULWWHQFRQVHQWZDVREWDLQHGIURPVWXG\VXEMHFWVZLWKRXWDQ\ KHDUWGLVHDVH6HUXP17SUR%13ZDVPHDVXUHGXVLQJ(/,6$NLW Result: 17 SUR %13 FRUUHODWHG SRVLWLYHO\ ZLWK WRWDO FKROHVWHURO U S /'/FKROHVWHURO U S ,W VKRZHG ZHHN SRVLWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ ZLWK WULJO\FHULGH DQG WRWDO FKROHVWHURO +'/&UDWLR Conclusion:17SUR%13ZKHQXVHGDORQJZLWKOLSLGSUR¿OHPD\ KDYHDUROHULVNVWUDWL¿FDWLRQRIKHDOWK\VXEMHFWVIRUKHDUWGLVHDVH

PO43 Stability of analytes in retained samples for retesting in clinical biochemistry laboratory Sudhanshu Shekhar, Tapasyapreeti Mukhopadhyay, Raghavendra Lingaiah*, Sudip K Dutta Department of Laboratory Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Introduction:7KHUHLVDGH¿QLWHVDPSOHUHWHQWLRQSROLF\IRUFOLQLFDO biochemistry labs for retesting as well as testing for additional DQDO\WHV0LQLPXPRIKRXUVUHWHQWLRQSHULRGLVQHHGHGDVSHU,62 JXLGHOLQHV ,Q D WHUWLDU\ FDUH KRVSLWDO ZLWK WKH VDPSOH load of around 2000 samples per day it is practically impossible to separate serum from all the primary gel tubes and process them within 6 hours. The present study was designed to check the stability of different analytes in samples stored at room temperature for 8 KRXUVDQGDJDLQDIWHUKRXUVDWGHJUHH&WRVHHYDULDWLRQIURP 1st observation processed with in 1 hour of sampling. Aims and Objectives: To study the stability of analytes in clinical biochemistry laboratory for retained sample Methods: VDPSOHV UDQGRPO\ VHOHFWHG IRU UHWHVWLQJ GXULQJ WKH months of June and July 2016. Samples were tested for 16 routine ELRFKHPLVWU\ DQDO\WHV WKULFH LQ 5RFKH PRGXODU 3 DQDO\]HU RQH immediately after receiving, second after keeping the sample at room

temperature for 8 hours and third after 18 hours storing the sample DWGHJUHH&3HUFHQWDJHRIGHYLDWLRQZDVFDOFXODWHGIRUDOOWKH parameters keeping initial result as reference and compared with the SUHFLVLRQRIWKHHTXLSPHQW6WDWLVWLFDOWRROVZHUHXVHGIRUFRQ¿UPLQJ the stability. Results: &RHI¿FLHQW RI YDULDWLRQ RI DOO WKH SDUDPHWHUV ZHUH ZLWKLQ acceptable range even after 24 hours following the sample draw. Conclusion:6DPSOHFDQEHSURFHVVHGZLWKFRQ¿GHQFHDVWLPHODJRI 8 hours at room temperature does not affect the result on routine test SDUDPHWHUVVLJQL¿FDQWO\

PO44 Value of serum free light chains (SFLC) and SFLC ratio in patients with multiple myeloma Pamela Christudoss, 2Biju George 'HSWRI&OLQLFDO%LRFKHPLVWU\&KULVWLDQ0HGLFDO&ROOHJH9HOORUH 2 'HSWRI+HPDWRORJ\&KULVWLDQ0HGLFDO&ROOHJH9HOORUH 1 1

Introduction: 3URWHLQ DQG LPPXQR¿[DWLRQ HOHFWURSKRUHVLV DUH WKH ODERUDWRU\EDFNERQHDVVD\VIRUWHVWLQJPXOWLSOHP\HORPD00 DQG related plasma cell proliferative diseases. However these techniques present limitations, especially in patients with nonsecretory MM, light FKDLQ 00 DQG OLJKW FKDLQ DP\ORLGRVLV )UHHOLWH D QHSKHORPHWULF turbidimetric serum assay for the measurement of serum free OLJKW FKDLQV LV D YHU\ VHQVLWLYH DXWRPDWHG DVVD\ WKDW LGHQWL¿HV DQG PHDVXUHV.DSSDDQG/DPEGDOLJKWFKDLQVWKDWFLUFXODWHXQERXQGWR heavy chains, this has improved the management of patients with monoclonal gammopathies and has been included in international myeloma guidelines for the screening, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring. Aim: To carry out an audit on serum free light chains, kappa and ODPEGD DQG 6)/& UDWLR DQG WKH SRWHQWLDO XVH RI 6)/& DVVD\ LQ multiple myeloma patients in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Method: 6HUXP )UHH OLJKW FKDLQV ZHUH DQDO\]HG XVLQJ)UHHOLWH+XPDQ.DSSDDQG+XPDQ/DPEGDIUHHNLW%LQGLQJ VLWH IRUXVHRQWKH5RFKH30RGXODU7KHRWKHUODERUDWRU\YDULDEOHV LQFOXGLQJDOEXPLQ%0FUHDWLQLQHFDOFLXPZHUHDOVRDQDO\]HGRQ WKH5RFKH30RGXDU&REDV Result: 2YHU D WZHOYH PRQWK SHULRG WKHUH ZHUH VDPSOHV received for estimation of serum free light chains for either suspected cases of myeloma or those on treatment. The median age of the SDWLHQWV ZDV \UV UDQJH \UV VKRZHG DEQRUPDO NO UDWLRZLWKDURXQGRIWKHVHSDWLHQWVKDYLQJDQLQFUHDVHGNDSSD IUHHOLJKWFKDLQ2IWKHVHVKRZHGQRUPDO63(DQGXULQH%-3 ZLWKNOPLOGO\HOHYDWHGDQGSRVLWLYHIRU6,)( VKRZHGHLWKHU 0EDQGSRVLWLYHRU%-3SRVLWLYHDQGVKRZHGERWK0EDQGDQG %-3SRVLWLYHZLWKDPXFKKLJKHUNOUDWLR Conclusion:4XDQWL¿FDWLRQRIIUHHOLJKWFKDLQLQVHUXPSURYHVXVHIXO as they are much more sensitive than urine tests for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with myeloma, especially in the absence of detectable monoclonal proteins in serum and urine. Serum free light chain assay could be the target of response evaluation in light chain Multiple myeloma rather than urine assays.

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PO45 Metabolic obesity and coronary artery disease: predestined association Deepak Uppunda1, Ranjan Shetty K1, Pragna Rao2 1 Department of Cardiology, 2 Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. Manipal University. Background: 0HWDEROLF 2EHVLW\ LV D JURXS RI ULVN IDFWRUV IRU cardiovascular disease. The additive predictive value of the components of metabolic obesity is still debated. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of metabolic obesity in patients with stable angina who are undergoing coronary angiogram and also its association with severity of the coronary artery disease. Materials & Methods: 3DWLHQWV ZLWK VWDEOH DQJLQD DJH JURXS RI XQGHUJRLQJFRURQDU\DQJLRJUDPWRHYDOXDWHWKHFRURQDU\ DUWHU\GLVHDVHZHUHLQFOXGHGLQWKHVWXG\7KH\ZHUHVWUDWL¿HGLQWR JURXSVDFFRUGLQJWRPHWDEROLFREHVLW\1&(3$73,,,FULWHULD DQG %0, VWDWXV LH 0HWDEROLFDOO\ KHDOWK\ QRUPDO ZHLJKW0+1+ 0HWDEROLFDOO\ REHVH QRUPDO ZHLJKW 021: 0HWDEROLFDOO\ KHDOWK\ REHVH0+2 0HWDEROLFDOO\ DEQRUPDO REHVH 0$2 *(16,1,VFRULQJV\VWHPZDVXVHGIRUGRFXPHQWLQJWKHVHYHULW\RI coronary artery disease. Results: In this cross sectional study, mean age of the subjects was PDOHIHPDOH 0HWDEROLFREHVLW\ZDVSUHVHQW LQ VXEMHFWV SUHYDOHQFH ZDV LQ PHQ DQG LQZRPHQ3DWLHQWVZLWKPHWDEROLFREHVLW\LH021:KDGD *HQVLQLVFRUH,45RI DQGWKH0$2JURXSKDG ZKHQ FRPSDUHG WR PHWDEROLFDOO\ KHDOWK\ JURXSV LH 0+1: DQG0+2 Conclusion: Metabolically obese group was associated with high SUHYDOHQFHIRU&$'WKDQPHWDEROLFDOO\KHDOWK\JURXSLUUHVSHFWLYHRI their weight status.

PO46 Evaluation of quality control in VIDAS - A unique single dose test concept based reagent system-An evolving challenge

IRU VDPSOH WHVWLQJ" $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU 9LGDV being based on the concept of single dose, theoretically there should be no deterioration in the quality of the reagent from the pack-opening date till the last strip used in the pack, when SUHVFULEHG H[SLU\ DQG VWRUDJH FRQGLWLRQV DUH PDLQWDLQHG The manufacturer claimed that recording of the background data, from the 1st day of opening of the kit at the user site, ZKLFK LV QRW VXSSRVHG WR JHW FKDQJHG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ RYHU WKH recommended period of calibration-validity; the machine would automatically discard the reagent strip if the background check found unsatisfactory. 7R HYDOXDWH WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU¶V FODLP WKDW WKHUH ZDV QR GHWHULRUDWLRQZLWKLQWKHVSHFL¿FFDOLEUDWLRQYDOLGLW\SHULRGLQ WKH9LGDVV\VWHPVZHDLPHGWRFRQGXFWDYHUL¿FDWLRQVWXG\ E\ WHVWLQJ WKH LQWHUQDO 4XDOLW\ &RQWURO VXSSOLHG ZLWK WKH NLW DORQJZLWKWZRDGGLWLRQDO4XDOLW\&RQWUROPDWHULDOVRQGDLO\ basis for a period of 60 days to check the variation in the control values. This study was carried out in three different SDUDPHWHUV 76+ )6+ DQG /+ WR UXOH RXW DQ\ SDUDPHWHU VSHFL¿FELDV Objectives: This evaluation study was designed to verify WKH FRQWUROSHUIRUPDQFH DQG ¿QG RXW ZKHWKHU WKHUH LV DQ\ VLJQL¿FDQW YDULDWLRQ LQ YDOXHV ZLWKLQ WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU recommended calibration-validity-period and thus verifying the authenticity and dependability of the electronic quality FRQWUROYHUL¿FDWLRQV\VWHPRIWKHLQVWUXPHQW Method: :H XVHG GLIIHUHQW TXDOLW\FRQWURO PDWHULDOV 9LGDV.LW&RQWURO 9LGDV4& DQG D WKLUGSDUW\ %LRUDG /LTXLFKHN,PPXQRDVVD\3OXV/HYHOFRQWURO DQGFKHFNHG for deviation amongst the values in three different parameters 76+)6+DQG/+ Result: Statistical analysis was done using Minitab. The tests KDYHEHHQFDUULHGRXWDWDVLJQL¿FDQFHOHYHORI Conclusion:1RVLJQL¿FDQWYDULDWLRQZDVREVHUYHGDPRQJVW the control values within the manufacturer recommended calibration validity period, thus ensuring the reliability of electronic control verifying system.

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PO47

Background: )XOO\DXWRPDWHG LPPXQRDVVD\ DQDO\]HUV DUH mostly based on the concept of bottled reagents that run many tests from the same reagent bottle where the chance of reagent-deterioration is high due to onboard loading of WKHZKROHERWWOHRIUHDJHQWV)RUWKHVHDQDO\]HUVGDLO\FKHFN with liquid-control is always recommended for performanceLQWHJULW\YHUL¿FDWLRQ,QRXUKRVSLWDOZHVWDUWHGXVLQJ9LGDV immunoassay analyzer, a unique strip-based system where we IRXQGWKDWLQWHUQDO4XDOLW\&KHFNZDVWKHELJJHVWFKDOOHQJH EHFDXVH RI LWV FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ WKDW HQDEOHV VLQJOHXVH VWULSV with all the necessary reagents pre-pipetted inside. Hence, LI D VLQJOH VWULS LV YHUL¿HG XVLQJ OLTXLG FRQWURO KRZ GRHV LW JXDUDQWHH WKH YHUL¿FDWLRQ RI RWKHU VWULSV WKDW DUH EHLQJ XVHG

Association of the functional KL-VS variant of Klotho gene with early-onset ischemic stroke

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Vijaya Majumdara, Rita Christophera a Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India Introduction: .ORWKR KDYH EHHQ UHSRUWHG WR EH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK human longevity and atherosclerotic vascular events and risk factors. +RZHYHU YHU\ IHZ VWXGLHV KDYH H[SORUHG WKHLU DVVRFLDWLRQ ZLWK ischemic stroke. Aims and Objectives::HDLPHGWRHYDOXDWHDVVRFLDWLRQEHWZHHQWKH IXQFWLRQDO ./96 DQG WKH H[RQLF &7 YDULDQWV RI .ORWKR JHQH with ischemic stroke in Indian population.

Ind J Clin Biochem

Materials and Methods::H HQUROOHG D WRWDO RI SDWLHQWV ZLWK LVFKHPLF VWURNH DQG DJH DQG JHQGHUPDWFKHG FRQWUROV IRU WKH VWXG\ *HQRW\SLQJ ZDV GRQH E\ SRO\PHUDVH FKDLQ UHDFWLRQ DQG restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: &RQWUDU\ WR RWKHU $VLDQ UHSRUWV ./96 YDULDQW ZDV polymorphic in our population, with a frequency distribution similar WR WKDW RI &DXFDVLDQV 7KH IUHTXHQF\ GLVWULEXWLRQ RI WKH &7 YDULDQW ZDV VLPLODU WR SUHYLRXVO\ UHSRUWV LQ $VLDQV $ GLIIHUHQWLDO HIIHFWRIDJHRQDVVRFLDWLRQRI.ORWKR./96YDULDQWZLWKLVFKHPLF VWURNH ZDV REVHUYHG ,Q VXEMHFWV DJHG \HDUV WKH ./96 KRPR]\JRWHV))DQG99KDGIROG25 &, ±S DQGIROG25 &,± S KLJKHUULVNRIVWURNHFRPSDUHGWRKHWHUR]\JRWHVZKHUHDV LQWKHROGHUJURXSDJHG!\HDUV QRVLJQL¿FDQWDVVRFLDWLRQZDV REVHUYHG 7KH &7 YDULDQW ZDV QRW DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK LVFKHPLF stroke. Conclusion: :H FRQFOXGH WKDW ./96 KRPR]\JRVLW\ FRXOG contribute to early-onset stroke in India. Larger studies in other ethnic populations are warranted to determine the role of these gene variants in the etiology of stroke occurring in the young.

PO48 A guide to quality control: six sigma concepts in clinical laboratory Deepa Haldar, Rajani Kumawat, Seema Patel, Charanjeet Kaur Background and Objectives: 6L[ VLJPD LV D SURFHVV RI TXDOLW\ measurement and improvement program used in industries. Sigma methodology can be applied wherever an outcome of a process is to EHPHDVXUHG$SRRURXWFRPHLVFRXQWHGDVDQHUURURUGHIHFW7KLVLV TXDQWL¿HGDVGHIHFWVSHUPLOOLRQ'30 6L[VLJPDSURYLGHVDPRUH quantitative frame work for evaluating process performance with evidence for process improvement. Ensuring quality of laboratory VHUYLFHVLVWKHQHHGRIWKHKRXULQWKH¿HOGRIKHDOWKFDUH.HHSLQJ LQ PLQG WKH UHYROXWLRQ XVKHUHG E\ VL[ VLJPD FRQFHSW LQ FRUSRUDWH ZRUOG KHDOWK FDUH VHFWRU PD\ UHDS WKH EHQH¿WV RI WKH VDPH 6L[ sigma concentrates, on regulating a process to 6 SDs, represents 3.4 '30 GHIHFWV SHU PLOOLRQ RSSRUWXQLWLHV ,W FDQ EH LQIHUUHG WKDW DV sigma increases, the consistency and steadiness of the test improves, WKHUHE\UHGXFLQJWKHRSHUDWLQJFRVWV:HDLPHGWRJDXJHWKHTXDOLW\ of the analytical performance of our laboratory parameters by sigma metrics. Methods: ,QWHUQDO TXDOLW\ FRQWURO 4& GDWD ZDV DQDO\]HG UHWURVSHFWLYHO\ RYHU D SHULRG RI \HDU IURP$SULO WR 0DUFK 2016. Sigma metrics of 6 parameters with automated chemistry DQDO\]HU6LHPHQV$GYLDZHUHDQDO\]HG7KHDQDO\WHVDVVHVVHG ZHUHXUHDFUHDWLQLQHWRWDOELOLUXELQ$/3WRWDOSURWHLQDQGJOXFRVH /DERUDWRU\ PHDQ VWDQGDUG GHYLDWLRQ DQG FRHI¿FLHQW RI YDULDWLRQ were calculated for all the parameters. Sigma was calculated for both WKHOHYHOVRILQWHUQDO4& Results: 2QH SDUDPHWHU YL]$/3 OHYHO DFKLHYHG VLJPD YDOXHV PRUHWKDQ)RUSDUDPHWHUV±WRWDOELOLUXELQJOXFRVHOHYHO $/3DQGWRWDOSURWHLQOHYHO WKHVLJPDYDOXHVZHUHIRXQGWREH EHWZHHQWR)RUSDUDPHWHUV±XUHDFUHDWLQLQHOHYHO DQG WRWDOSURWHLQOHYHO WKHVLJPDYDOXHVZHUHIRXQGWREHOHVVWKDQ

Interpretation and Conclusions:$/3ZDVWKHEHVWSHUIRUPHUZKHQ it was gauzed on the sigma scale, with a sigma metrics value of 10.8 DQG XUHD KDG WKH OHDVW VLJPD PHWULFV YDOXH RI 7KH ¿QGLQJV RI our study emphasize the need for detailed evaluation and adoption of DPHOLRUDWLYHPHDVXUHVLQRUGHUWRHIIHFWXDWHVL[VLJPDVWDQGDUGVIRU all the analytical processes.

PO49 Risk management in the clinical laboratory: an important tool for improving quality Iyyapu Krishna Mohan, Siraj Ahmed Khan, Rachel Jacob, K.S.S. Saibaba, Priscilla Chandran. Department of Biochemistry, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana. ,QWKH,QVWLWXWHRI0HGLFLQH,20 SXEOLVKHGDVWXG\HQWLWOHG ³7R (UU ,V +XPDQ %XLOGLQJ D 6DIHU +HDOWK 6\VWHP´ ,WV HVWLPDWH of the number of deaths and adverse outcomes caused by medical errors sent shockwaves throughout the healthcare community as well DVWKHJHQHUDOSRSXODWLRQ3HUKDSVIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHPHPEHUVRIWKH healthcare community began to seriously look at the way healthcare is delivered and how the process could be improved to enhance patient VDIHW\7KXVRQHRIWKHPRVWEHQH¿FLDOUHVXOWVIURPWKH,20VWXG\ was that hospital workers and other healthcare providers realized that they urgently needed to fully and more effectively incorporate “risk” as a crucial component of their management. The clinical laboratory performs a variety of risk management DFWLYLWLHV LQ GD\WRGD\ RSHUDWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ YHUL¿FDWLRQ RI TXDOLW\ control and tests, performance of new tests, troubleshooting, instrument problems and responding to physician complaints. Risk management involves the creation of policies and procedures and the implementation of practices that are aimed at the prevention of future HYHQWVWKDWFRXOGUHVXOWLQQHJDWLYHSDWLHQWRXWFRPHV%DVLFDOO\ULVN management is the process of making and carrying out decisions that will assist in the prevention of detrimental events. It also describes techniques used in the prevention of adverse consequences or losses LIDQXQLQWHQGHGRUXQH[SHFWHGHYHQWGRHVRFFXU,WLVLPSRUWDQWWR demonstrate how to analyze risks and what options a laboratory has in deciding how to deal with different risks. Laboratory quality management and risk management plans that address processes in the preanalytic, analytic and postanalytic phases of testing are key elements in ensuring patient safety. Evaluating possible conditions that could lead to errors and outlining the necessary steps to detect and prevent errors before they cause patient harm is therefore an utmost important part of laboratory testing. Every lab head and manager knows that at any given time, XQH[SHFWHGHYHQWVDULVHLQWKHODERUDWRU\8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKHQHJDWLYH XQH[SHFWHG HYHQWV FDQ KDYH D VHULRXV LPSDFW RQ WKH HIIHFWLYHQHVV DV ZHOO DV WKH ¿QDQFLDO ZHOIDUH RI WKH ODERUDWRU\ 6RPH RI WKHVH negative events can have such devastating consequences that the sheer risk of them occurring cannot be left to chance. Such impacts can be avoided or dealt with systematically through the process of risk management. The challenge is to assess and control risk in an DSSURSULDWH DQG FRVWHIIHFWLYH PDQQHU (3$ LV D QHZ JXLGHOLQH IURP WKH &/6, WKDW LQWURGXFHV ULVN PDQDJHPHQW SULQFLSOHV WR WKH FOLQLFDOODERUDWRU\2QFHWKHULVNVKDYHEHHQLGHQWL¿HGWKHODERUDWRU\ must implement control processes and continuously monitor and

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modify them to make certain that risk is maintained at an acceptable level. In this manner, risk management promotes continuous quality LPSURYHPHQW %\ XVLQJ GLIIHUHQW ULVN PDQDJHPHQW VWUDWHJLHV DQG tools, the laboratory can approach risk in a structured and calculated manner and minimize the chance of errors and ensure reliability of test results.

PO50 Establishment of reference intervals of serum protein parameters in tertiary care hospital Shruthi Rai P, Sukanya Shetty K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore Introduction: Reference Intervals are the most common decision PDNLQJWRROVIRULQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIYDULRXVELRFKHPLFDOUHSRUWV$JH VH[ HWKQLFLW\ GLHW SK\VLFDO DQG VRFLRHFRQRPLF FRQGLWLRQV DIIHFW the physiology of population. Hence it is necessary to setup reference YDOXHVWKDWDUHDSSOLFDEOHWRVSHFL¿FSRSXODWLRQUDWKHUWKDQWRERUURZ them from other population based studies or from literature from reagent kit manufacturers. Aim and Objectives: To establish the reference intervals of serum protein parameters in tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was done involving 200 subjects. The subjects are randomly selected from the population, which included medical students, health SURIHVVLRQDOVDQGWKRVHZKRDUHDWWHQGLQJGLIIHUHQW23'VDQGKHDOWK camps organized by the hospital for general check-ups under health plan scheme. Total protein by biuret method, serum albumin by EURPRFUHVRO JUHHQ PHWKRG DUH PHDVXUHG 6HUXP JOREXOLQ DQG$* UDWLR DUH FDOFXODWHG 7R REWDLQ UHIHUHQFH LQWHUYDO WK SHUFHQWLOH DQGWKSHUFHQWLOHDUHXVHG Results: The reference intervals observed for men and women are UHVSHFWLYHO\ DUH DV IROORZV 7RWDO SURWHLQ JGO DQG JGOVHUXPDOEXPLQ JGODQG JGOVHUXPJOREXOLQ JGO DQG JGO DQG $* 5DWLR DQG respectively. $V WKH DJH DGYDQFHV WKHUH LV GLIIHUHQFHV LQ WKH UHIHUHQFH LQWHUYDOV REVHUYHGLQERWKWKHVH[HV Conclusion: The study showed a difference in the reference intervals between men and women and categorial age wise differences were also obtained.

PO51 Hyperuricemia in dyslipidemic patients as a marker of cardiovascular risk assessment Kamaljeet Kaur, Seema Gupta, Premjeet Kaur, Sumeet Kaur, Harmanpreet Kaur, Saidaiah Ikkruthi Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh. Background: '\VOLSLGHPLDDVDULVNIDFWRURI&DUGLRYDVFXODU'LVHDVH is manifested by elevation or attenuation of plasma concentration of lipoproteins and hyperuricemia is a metabolic consequence originating with a wide range of etiology concerned with increased

123

SURGXFWLRQRUGHFUHDVHGH[FUHWLRQRIXULFDFLGRUDVDFRPELQDWLRQRI ERWK,QWKLVVWXG\ZHDLPHGWR¿QGDFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQVHUXPXULF DFLGDQGOLSLGSUR¿OHLQG\VOLSLGHPLFVXEMHFWV Material and Methods:5HWURVSHFWLYHDQDO\VLVRIOLSLGSUR¿OHDQG XULFDFLGZDVGRQHLQVXEMHFWV7KHVXEMHFWVZHUHGLYLGHGLQWR JURXSV *URXS , LQFOXGHG G\VOLSLGHPLF VXEMHFWV KDYLQJ WRWDO VHUXPFKROHVWHURO7& OHYHOVPJGODQGJURXS,,LQFOXGHG QRUPDO VXEMHFWV DV FRQWUROV KDYLQJ 7& PJGO 7& +'/& /'/& DQG XULF DFLG ZHUH PHDVXUHG ZLWK HQ]\PDWLF PHWKRGV RQ 5RFKH0RGXODU3IXOO\DXWRPDWHGDQDO\]HU Results:,QRXUVWXG\7&OHYHOVLQJURXS,DQG,,ZHUHDQG PJGOPHDQ6' /'/&OHYHOVZHUHDQG PJGOPHDQ6' LQJURXS,DQG,,ZKHUHDV+'/&OHYHOV ZHUH DQG PJGO PHDQ6' 8ULF DFLG OHYHOV LQJURXS,ZHUHDQGPJGOPHDQ6' LQJURXS,, 8ULFDFLGOHYHOVLQJURXS,ZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\HOHYDWHGDVFRPSDUHGWR FRQWUROJURXSSYDOXH Conclusion: %DVHG RQ WKH ¿QGLQJV RI WKH SUHVHQW VWXG\ LW ZDV REVHUYHG WKDW XULF DFLG OHYHOV ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ HOHYDWHG LQ dyslipidemic subjects. The study thus shows that hyperuricemia is DVVRFLDWHGZLWKG\VOLSLGHPLDZKLFKPD\SUHGLVSRVHWRIXWXUH&9' So, treating such subjects for hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia can reduce cardiovascular risk. Keywords: '\VOLSLGHPLD 7ULJO\FHULGHV /'/ &KROHVWHURO +'/ &KROHVWHURO&DUGLRYDVFXODU'LVHDVH

PO52 Study of microalbuminuria and serum creatinine in hypertensive patients: as early indicator for renal disease Sanjay Deshwali1, Pawan Kumar Kare2 1 Department of Biochemistry, MGMC, Indore. 2 Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi. Background: Hypertension is increasing in prevalence in India. 7KH LQFLGHQFH RI K\SHUWHQVLRQ LQ ,QGLDQ SRSXODWLRQ LV in adult population against 10-12% in European country. Renal GDPDJHRFFXUVLQPD[LPXPFDVHVRIK\SHUWHQVLRQ$QDEQRUPDOO\ LQFUHDVH H[FUHWLRQ RI DOEXPLQ LQ XULQH LV FRPPRQO\ WKRXJKW RI as an important risk factor for identifying kidney disease. Serum creatinine is also found to be a reliable indicator of renal function. Early stage management of hypertension as well as screening of micro-albuminuria and serum creatinine in adults of hypertension could be preventing its damaging consequences. Aim and Objectives: This study is aimed at assessing the relative importance of microalbuminuria and to understand whether microalbuminuria should be used as a routine procedure in evaluation of renal damage in hypertensive patients of Indian population. Material and Methods: 7KH EORRG DQG XULQH VDPSOHV RI K\SHUWHQVLYH SDWLHQWV DQG KHDOWK\ FRQWUROV ZHUH FROOHFWHG IURP 23' 0< +RVSLWDO IRU GHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI VHUXP FUHDWLQLQH XULQH creatinine and urine albumin. Estimation of serum creatinine and urine creatinine were carried out by alkaline picrate kinetic method. 8ULQH DOEXPLQ ZDV HVWLPDWHG E\ QHSKHORPHWHU 8ULQDU\$&5 ZDV

Ind J Clin Biochem

FDOFXODWHG E\ XULQH DOEXPLQXULQH FUHDWLQLQH DQG H[SUHVVHG DV PJ gram creatinine. Results: 8ULQDU\ $&5 YDOXHV DQG VHUXP FUHDWLQLQH OHYHOV ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVHGS LQK\SHUWHQVLYHSDWLHQWVDVFRPSDUHG to healthy controls. Conclusions::HFRQFOXGHWKDWPLFURDOEXPLQXULDLVPRUHSUHYDOHQW DPRQJ K\SHUWHQVLYH SDWLHQWV ZLWK KLJK YDOXHV RI XULQDU\$&5 DQG also an early indicator for renal damage in hypertensive patients.

PO53 Study of levels of salivary estriol and progesterone in preterm labour and normal pregnancy Ranjana Singh1, Richa Yadav2, Urmila Singh2, Abbas Ali Mahdi1 1 Department of Biochemistry, KGMU, Lucknow. 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KGMU, Lucknow. Objective:3URJHVWHURQHLVFRQVLGHUHGDVWKHSUHJQDQF\KRUPRQH The role of progesterone during pregnancy includes the preparation of the uterus for implantation, to keep the uterus quiescent during gestation and lower immune responses of the mother. It is suggested that a decline in progesterone levels facilitate the onset of labor DQG WULJJHUV PLON SURGXFWLRQ 3UHPDWXUH ODERXU LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG by progesterone concentrations lower than normal. Estriol is only SURGXFHGLQVLJQL¿FDQWDPRXQWGXULQJSUHJQDQF\E\WKHSODFHQWDDQG LWVOHYHOVLQFUHDVHIURPDERXWZHHNXQWLOGHOLYHU\ZLWKDVXUJHEHIRUH the onset of birth. Its functions include antagonism of progesterone, ULSHQLQJ RI WKH FHUYL[ DQG VHQVLWL]DWLRQ RI WKH P\RPHWULXP ,W LV also considered as a biological marker for premature delivery. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of salivary progesterone and estriol in predicting preterm labor.

PO54 Effect of blood collection tubes on serum lithium and calcium assays Saharia G K, Mangaraj M Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Introduction:%ORRGFROOHFWLRQWXEHVUHSUHVHQWPXFKPRUHFRPSOH[ devices than is commonly understood by laboratory workers. 7KHUHDUHPXOWLSOHFRPSRQHQWVLQWRGD\¶VFROOHFWLRQWXEHVWKDWPD\ LQÀXHQFHFORWIRUPDWLRQFDXVHLQWHUDFWLRQZLWKWKHWXEHDQGVWRSSHU surface. Aims and Objectives: To assess the magnitude of any false elevation RUGHSOHWLRQLQ6HUXP/LWKLXPDQG,RQLVHG&DOFLXPFRQFHQWUDWLRQLQ various types of collection tubes. Materials and Methods:7KHVWXG\LVEHLQJSHUIRUPHGLQ&OLQLFDO %LRFKHPLVWU\/DERUDWRU\RIWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI%LRFKHPLVWU\$,,06 %KXEDQHVZDUVLQFH-XO\¶%ORRGZDVFROOHFWHGIURPHYHU\SDWLHQW LQW\SHVRIWHVWWXEHVYL]%RURVLO*ODVVWXEHV%'9DFXWDLQHUDQG ;LQOH &ORW $FWLYDWRU WXEHV 6HUXP FRQFHQWUDWLRQV RI /LWKLXP DQG ,RQLVHG&DOFLXPZHUHPHDVXUHGE\XVLQJ(VFKZHLOHU&RPELOLQH,6( analyser and results statistically analysed. Results and Observations: In this study, it was observed that mean VHUXPOLWKLXPFRQFHQWUDWLRQZDVPPRO/LQWKH%RURVLO*ODVV WXEHV PPRO/ LQ %' 9DFXWDLQHUV DQG ZDV PPRO/ LQ ;LQOH &ORW$FWLYDWRU WXEHV )RU VHUXP LRQLVHG FDOFLXP WKH YDOXHV REWDLQHG ZHUH PPRO/ PPRO/ DQG PPRO/ UHVSHFWLYHO\7KHVHUXPOLWKLXPFRQFHQWUDWLRQLQ;LQOHFORWDFWLYDWRU tubes were showing factitiously very high value compared to the other two variants of collection tubes. However, serum ionized calcium revealed minor noticeable difference amongst the 3 different types of collection tubes.

Materials and Methods:$QWHQDWDOSDWLHQWVEHWZHHQWRZHHNV of gestation were enrolled for the study. Saliva progesterone and estriol concentrations were determined weekly from 24 weeks of JHVWDWLRQLQZRPHQDWLQFUHDVHGULVNRISUHWHUPGHOLYHU\E\(/,6$ method. Samples were analysed from 28 women with spontaneous RQVHW RI ODERXU DQG GHOLYHU\ EHIRUH ZHHNV RI JHVWDWLRQ DQG who delivered at term.

Conclusion: $OWKRXJK RXU VWXG\ LV DW YHU\ LQLWLDO VWDJH EXW LW clearly points towards effect of clot activators and other substances present in various collection tubes that interfere with serum lithium concentration. So, selection of proper blood collection tubes is a critical pre-analytical step required for the integrity of laboratory results.

Result: Saliva progesterone was lower in the 20 women delivering EHIRUH ZHHNV WKDQ LQ WKRVH GHOLYHULQJ ODWHU EHWZHHQ DQG ZHHNV3 RUDWWHUP3 7KHUHZDVQRVLJQL¿FDQW difference between groups in estriol, but the estriol : progesterone UDWLRZDVKLJKHULQWKHHDUO\SUHWHUPZHHNV JURXSWKDQWKRVH GHOLYHULQJ EHWZHHQ DQG ZHHNV 3 DQG DW WHUP 3

PO55

Conclusion: Saliva progesterone concentrations between 24 and ZHHNVRIJHVWDWLRQZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHULQZRPHQZKRZHQW into spontaneous labour and delivered before 34 weeks of gestation WKDQ LQ WKRVH GHOLYHULQJ DIWHU ZHHNV 0HDVXUHPHQW RI VDOLYD progesterone may be of value in the prediction of early preterm ODERXU DQG LQ GHWHUPLQLQJ ZKLFK ZRPHQ PLJKW JHW EHQH¿W IURP progesterone supplementation.

Challenges faced by small labs for achieving NABL accreditation Leena Dash Appicatlaa, 2Chaitra K SRL at Fortis Hospital , BG Road, SRL at Fortis hospitals Nagarbhavi, Bangalore

1

Introduction:1$%/DFFUHGLWDWLRQLVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWPLOHVWRQH IRUDQ\ODELQLWVTXDOLW\MRXUQH\7KH1$%/KDVODLGGRZQVSHFL¿F FULWHULD EDVHG RQ ,62 JXLGHOLQHV IRU WKH SURFHVV RI accreditation. This article focuses on the challenges faced by a small corporate hospital laboratory in going for accreditation. 7KH LVVXHV RI PDQDJHPHQW DSSURYDO PXOWLWDVNLQJ E\ WKH H[LVWLQJ manpower and limited budget in a corporate hospital laboratory are a few of the unique problems faced by small labs.

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PO55 Challenges faced by small labs for achieving NABL accreditation Leena Dash Appicatlaa, 2Chaitra K SRL at Fortis Hospital , BG Road, SRL at Fortis hospitals Nagarbhavi, Bangalore

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Introduction:1$%/DFFUHGLWDWLRQLVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWPLOHVWRQH IRUDQ\ODELQLWVTXDOLW\MRXUQH\7KH1$%/KDVODLGGRZQVSHFL¿F FULWHULD EDVHG RQ ,62 JXLGHOLQHV IRU WKH SURFHVV RI accreditation. This article focuses on the challenges faced by a small corporate hospital laboratory in going for accreditation. 7KH LVVXHV RI PDQDJHPHQW DSSURYDO PXOWLWDVNLQJ E\ WKH H[LVWLQJ manpower and limited budget in a corporate hospital laboratory are a few of the unique problems faced by small labs. Aims and Objectives:7RDFKLHYH1$%/DFFUHGLWDWLRQIRU65/DW )RUWLV+RVSLWDOV1DJDUEKDYL%DQJDORUHDVPDOOVL]HGKRVSLWDOEDVHG laboratory with 100 samples a day. Materials and Methods: ,62 ZDV WKH SULQFLSOH GRFXPHQW /DERUDWRU\ 6WDQGDUG 2SHUDWLQJ 3URFHGXUHV DQG RWKHU relevant documents were designed in accordance to these standards. 7KHH[LVWLQJ623VZHUHUHZULWWHQDVSHU,62FULWHULD 3UREOHPV RI DWWULWLRQ DQG VXEVHTXHQW WUDLQLQJ ZKLFK FDPH XS just prior to accreditation, were handled with the help of the lab administration. This article enumerates each challenge faced before pre assessment DQGWKH¿QDODVVHVVPHQWDQGZHGHDOWZLWKWKHP Results and Conclusion: 1$%/ KDV JUDQWHG DFFUHGLWDWLRQ WR WKH ODERUDWRU\1$%/DFFUHGLWDWLRQIRUDVPDOOODELVWKHUHIRUHDVXFFHVV story which can be achieved by the right use of resources and optimal use of budgetary approvals.

PO56 A case of non-small cell carcinoma of lung presenting with left sided hemiparesis and grossly elevated ESR Ratnashree Biswas, N. Ananthi, GSR Kedari, Abraham Sam Rajan, Gurupavan Kumar Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam, Chennai. Introduction: Non-small cell carcinoma is a malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the absence of neoplastic small epithelial cells. It includes squamous cell cancer, adenocarcinoma and large cell cancer. Aim: $Q XQFRPPRQ SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI QRQVPDOO FHOO FDUFLQRPD RI lung. Materials:([WHQVLYHOLWHUDWXUHUHYLHZRQQRQVPDOOFHOOFDUFLQRPD of lung with increased ESR. $ \HDU ROG PDOH SUHVHQWHG ZLWK OHIW XSSHU DQG ORZHU OLPE weakness, headache, blurring of vision and slurring of speech for 1 day. He had past history of systemic hypertension for 1 year, on PHGLFDWLRQVDQGVPRNLQJIRU\HDUV2QH[DPLQDWLRQSDOORUZDV QRWHG9LWDOVZHUHVWDEOH6\VWHPLFH[DPLQDWLRQUHYHDOHGGHFUHDVHG muscle power, both in the left upper and lower limb.

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Results: /DERUDWRU\ VWXGLHV UHYHDOHG HOHYDWHG (65 RI PP KU &7 EUDLQ VKRZHG D ODUJH VSDFH RFFXS\LQJ OHVLRQ LQ WKH ULJKW SDULHWRRFFLSLWDOUHJLRQZLWKVXUURXQGLQJHGHPD&7WKRUD[UHYHDOHG enhancing soft tissue density lesion in the left hilar region suggestive RIKLODUQHRSODVP%URQFKLDOEUXVKF\WRORJ\UHYHDOHGQRQVPDOOFHOO carcinoma of lung. 1st cycle of palliative chemotherapy was planned LQRQFRORJ\&RQVHUYDWLYHPDQDJHPHQWZLWKLQMHFWLRQPDQQLWRODQG GH[DPHWKDVRQHZDVGRQHWRUHGXFHWKHFHUHEUDOHGHPD Conclusion: This case shows the rare presentation of metastatic nonsmall cell carcinoma of lung, presenting with left sided hemiparesis DQGVOXUULQJRIVSHHFKZLWKJURVVO\HOHYDWHG(65OHYHOV$KLJK(65 has been found to correlate with overall poor prognosis for various types of cancers and a value greater than 100 mm per hour usually indicates metastatic disease.

PO 57 Comparitive study of lipase/amylase ratio in acute pancreatitis, appendicitis and cholecystitis Rinchen Dolma Denzongpa, Dept. of Biochemistry, Gangtok, E.Sikkim. Introduction:7KLVVWXG\LVWRGHWHUPLQHWKHFRUUHODWLRQRIOLSDVH amylase ratio between the three main causes of acute pain abdomen DFXWHSDQFUHDWLWLVDSSHQGLFLWLVDQGFKROHF\VWLWLV Aims and Objectives: 1 This study is to estimate the level of serum lipase, amylase in acute pancreatitis, appendicitis and cholecystitis. 2. To determine the correlation of ratio of these two serum parameters in acute pancreatitis, appendicitis and cholecystitis Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based, cross- sectional, FDVH FRQWURO VWXG\ :H KDYH WDNHQ Q LQGLYLGXDO RI HLWKHU VH[ DERYH \HDUV RI DJH HDFK ZLWK GLDJQRVHG FDVHV RI DFXWH pancreatitis, appendicitis and cholecystitis. Serum lipase and amylase ZHUHDQDO\]HGLQSDWLHQWVRXWRIZKLFKVRPHVDPSOHVZHUHWDNHQ from patients admitted for the evaluation of suspected cases of acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, acute appendicitis and were diagnosed later in the department of emergency and some samples were taken from the patients who were already been diagnosed as acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, acute appendicitis. Results and Conclusion: 7RWDO QXPEHU Q RI 3DWLHQWV ZHUH FDWHJRUL]HG LQ WKUHH JURXSV SDWLHQWV ZLWK DFXWH SDQFUHDWLWLV SDWLHQWV ZLWK DFXWH FKROHF\VWLWLV DQG SDWLHQWV ZLWK DFXWH DSSHQGLFLWLV 7KH YDOXHV DUH H[SUHVVHG DV 0HDQ6' 7KH PHDQUDWLR6' RIWKHDERYHFDXVHVZHUHIRXQGWREH UHVSHFWLYHO\2XWFRPHRIWKHUDWLRVRIWKHVH WKUHH JURXSV ZHUH FRPSDUHG 6WDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH REVHUYHG LQ VHUXP OLSDVHDP\ODVH UDWLR EHWZHHQ DFXWH SDQFUHDWLWLV DQG DFXWHDSSHQGLFLWLV6WDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHREVHUYHG LQ VHUXP OLSDVHDP\ODVH UDWLR EHWZHHQ DFXWH FKROHF\VWLWLV DQG DFXWH DSSHQGLFLWLV EXW WKHUH ZDV QRW PXFK VWDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW difference found between acute pancreatitis and acute cholecystitis. ,QWKLVVWXG\UDWLRRIOLSDVHDP\ODVHLVFRPSDUDWLYHO\ORZHULQDFXWH SDQFUHDWLWLV ZKLFK VXJJHVWV JUHDWHU VLJQL¿FDQFH RI OLSDVHDP\ODVH ratio with acute pancreatitis, thus helpful in diagnosis. The outcome RIRXUVWXG\UHYHDOVWKHSRVVLEOHGLIIHUHQFHVRIOLSDVHDP\ODVHUDWLR in acute pancreatitis, acute appendicitis and acute cholecystitis. Therefore, this study may be effective in prevention and control programme in future.

Ind J Clin Biochem

PO58 Comparative evaluation of erba Hb-vario with biorad D10 analyser for hemoglobin A1C quantitation Diganta Dey, Abhijit Banerjee, Parbati Banerjee, Ratnamala Ray Dept. of Biochemistry, Ashok Laboratory Clinical testing Centre Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata, West Bengal, India

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election of correct instrument for routine analysis by ‘method HYDOXDWLRQ¶ LV D V\VWHPDWLF VWHSZLVH DVVHVVPHQW RI WKH LQKHUHQW DQDO\WLFDOHUURUVOLNHLPSUHFLVLRQLQDFFXUDF\HWFRIWKHDQDO\VHU$VD ¿QDOVWHSQHZHULQVWUXPHQWWKDWLVEHLQJLQWURGXFHGLQWRWKHODERUDWRU\ LVFRPSDUHGZLWKWKHH[LVWLQJRQH:HDUHSUHVHQWO\FRPPXQLFDWLQJ RXUPHWKRGHYDOXDWLRQVWXGLHVRI(UED+E9DULRDJDLQVW%LR5DG' IRUJO\FRV\ODWHGKDHPRJORELQ+E$1c TXDQWLWDWLRQ $EORRGVDPSOHZLWKLQFUHDVHG+E$1c ZDVDQDO\VHGWLPHV WRGHWHUPLQHZLWKLQUXQDQGEHWZHHQUXQSUHFLVLRQDQG&9ZHUH REWDLQHG DQG UHVSHFWLYHO\ 6LPLODU WHVWLQJ ZLWK DQRWKHU GLDEHWLF VDPSOH \LHOGHG &9 RI 'XSOLFDWH DVVD\V ZHUHSHUIRUPHGLQERWKWKHLQVWUXPHQWVRQ('7$EORRGVSHFLPHQV from 60 patients. Regression analysis yielded the following statistical GDWD FRUUHODWLRQ FRHI¿FLHQW VORSH DQG WKH<LQWHUFHSW 0. The proportional analytical error, as obtained from the slope, LQGLFDWHG HDFK YDOXH LQFUHDVH LQ %LR5DG ' ZLOO FRUUHVSRQG WR DQ LQFUHDVH E\ D IDFWRU RI LQ (UED +E9DULR +RZHYHU Y-intercept showed absence of constant systematic error between WZRPDFKLQHV)LQDOO\WKHWRWDOHUURU7( ZDVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKH HTXDWLRQ7( _%LDV_=[,PSUHFLVLRQ FRQVLGHULQJ= DW FRQ¿GHQFHLQWHUYDOS 7KHREVHUYHGWRWDOHUURU was found to be lesser than the total allowable error determined by ,)&& 1*63 1RZ WKH VLJPD OHYHO ZDV FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ WKHIRUPXOD6LJPD 7(D±%LDV &9ZKLFKZDVIRXQG This indicated chances of 6,210 defects per million of analysis, and VXJJHVWHG4&UXQDIWHUDQDO\VLVRIVDPSOHVE\DSSO\LQJV4& rejection rule which was obtained from critical error graph.

Material and Method: The study contained 80 participants above \HDUV /'/& HVWLPDWLRQ ZDV GRQH E\ GLUHFW PHWKRG PDQXDOO\ RQ VSHFWURSKRWRPHWHU DQG DOVR FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ WKH )ULHGHZDOG¶V )RUPXOD $Q LQGHSHQGHQW WWHVW ZDV DSSOLHG WR ¿QG RXW VWDWLVWLFDO VLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFH Results:,WZDVREVHUYHGWKDWWKHPHDQ/'/&OHYHOVE\FDOFXODWHG PHWKRGDQGWKHGLUHFWPHWKRGLQWKHFRQWUROJURXS7$*PJ GO DQG PJGO UHVSHFWLYHO\ 3 FDVH JURXS 7$* PJGO DQG PJGO UHVSHFWLYHO\ 3 DQG FDVH JURXS 7$* PJGO DQG PJGO UHVSHFWLYHO\ 3 VKRZ QR VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH EXWLQWKHFDVHJURXS7$*PJGO DQGPJGO UHVSHFWLYHO\3 VKRZVVLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFH Conclusion: 2XU GDWD VXJJHVW WKDW WKH HVWLPDWHG /'/& FDQ EH substantially underestimated due to the high triglyceride levels of PJGORUPRUH7KLVUHVXOWVLQWKHPLVFODVVL¿FDWLRQRIWKHULVN ZKHUHWKHSDWLHQW¶VFDOFXODWHG/'/&PD\EHORZHUWKDQWKHLUWUXH /'/&UHVXOWLQJLQWKHPLVVHGRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUthe treatment.

PO60 Combination of serum protein electrophoresis, VHUXP LPPXQR¿[DWLRQ HOHFWURSKRUHVLV DQG VHUXP free light chain assay in the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies Eldho Kuriakose,* Subhakumari K.N,* Sumithra N Unni C,* Anu Vasudevan.** *Dept of Biochemistry, **Dept of Biostatistics. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Kochi.

7KH VWXG\ FRQFOXGHG (UED +E9DULR IRU +E$F HVWLPDWLRQ FDQ EH MXGJHG DFFHSWDEOH )XUWKHU VWXGLHV UHJDUGLQJ WKH VWDELOLW\ RI reagents and the reference interval for selected population need to be undertaken.

Introduction: Demonstration of monoclonal immunoglobulin PROHFXOHLQVHUXPDQGRUXULQHIRUPVWKHPDLQVWD\LQWKHGLDJQRVLV RI PRQRFORQDO JDPPRSDWKLHV 0*¶V 7KH PDMRU WHVWV WKDW KHOS LQ WKLV UHJDUG DUH 6HUXP 3URWHLQ (OHFWURSKRUHVLV 63(3 VHUXP ,PPXQR¿[DWLRQ(OHFWURSKRUHVLVV,)( DQGVHUXP)UHH/LJKW&KDLQ DVVD\V)/&

PO59

Aim: 7R VWXG\ WKH FRPELQDWLRQ RI 63(3 V,)( DQG V)/& LQ WKH diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies.

Comparision of LDL - Cholesterol estimated by direct method and by calculation Kaushik Chaudhari, Riya Dixit, N. Haridas, Kinjal Badrakiya Department of Biochemistry, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India Introduction: 7RWDO FKROHVWHURO 7& DQG /RZ GHQVLW\ OLSRSURWHLQ FKROHVWHURO /'/& DUH ZHOO HVWDEOLVKHG ULVN IDFWRUV IRU WKH FRURQDU\KHDUWGLVHDVH&+' 7KHUHDUHPDQ\KRPRJHQRXVDVVD\V FXUUHQWO\DYDLODEOHIRUWKHHVWLPDWLRQRIVHUXP/'/&0RVWFOLQLFDO ODERUDWRULHV GHWHUPLQH /'/& PJG/ E\ )ULHGHZDOG¶V IRUPXOD )) /'/& 7& +'/& 7$* 7KLV IRUPXOD VKRZV /'/&OHYHOLVGHSHQGHQWRQWULJO\FHULGH7$* OHYHO Aim and Objectives: 7KH DLP RI WKLV VWXG\ ZDV WR ¿QG RXW WKH relative advantages of direct measurement of cholesterol over the FRQYHQWLRQDOGHULYDWLRQRI/'/&E\FDOFXODWLRQ

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a period of \HDUIURP0D\WR0D\DPRQJVWWKHSDWLHQWVDWWHQGLQJ the outpatient and inpatient wings of medical oncology department RI$PULWD,QVWLWXWHRI0HGLFDO6FLHQFHVDQG5HVHDUFK&HQWUH.RFKL The study consisted of 30 patients diagnosed with monoclonal JDPPRSDWK\PDLQO\PXOWLSOHP\HORPD Results: 2XW RI WKH SDWLHQWV GLDJQRVHG ZLWK D PRQRFORQDO JDPPRSDWK\ PDLQO\ P\HORPD LQ WKLV VWXG\ ± 63( DORQH FRXOG GHWHFW RQO\ FDVHV $ FRPELQDWLRQ RI 63( V)/& FRXOG GHWHFW FDVHV DQG D FRPELQDWLRQ RI 63( V,)( FRXOG GHWHFWFDVHV :KHUHDVDFRPELQDWLRQRIDOOWKUHHWHVWV FRXOGGHWHFWDOOFDVHVRIP\HORPD Conclusion:$FRPELQDWLRQSDQHORIWKHVHWHVWVSURYHWREHPRUH useful than individual tests for the detection of myeloma.

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PO61 Role of procalcitonin in differentiating culture negative bacterial sepsis and non infective systemic LQÀDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVH Siraj Ahmed Khan, Priscilla Chandran, KSS Sai Baba Dept of Biochemistry, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad Introduction: It is very important to distinguish between nonLQIHFWLRXV V\VWHPLF LQÀDPPDWRU\ UHVSRQVH 6,56 DQG FXOWXUH negative sepsis as the management of the two condition is different this often creates diagnostic challenge in day to day practice

7KH VDPSOHV IRU '1$ PLFURDUUD\ ZHUH SURFHVVHG WKURXJK WKH +XPDQ&DUGLR0HWDER%HDG&KLSDUUD\XVLQJWKH,OOXPLQD+L6FDQ WHFKQRORJ\ ,Q¿QLXP ,, $VVD\ /LSLG OHYHOV +'/& 7& 7* ZHUH HVWLPDWHG IURP VHUXP VDPSOHV DV SHU ODE SURWRFRO /'/& OHYHOV ZHUH FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ WKH )ULHGZDOG¶V IRUPXOD 032 OHYHOV ZHUHHVWLPDWHGIURP('7$SODVPDVDPSOHVE\(/,6$ Results: The study subjects were categorized based on their 6<17$;VFRUHDV

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Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate WKHUROHRI3URFDOFLWRQLQDVPDUNHUWRGLIIHUHQWLDWHEHWZHHQ6,56DQG culture negative sepsis.

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Material and Methods: In the present study a total of 82 cases were enrolled, a detailed history was taken and serum procalcitonin, KV&53 DQG WRWDO /HXNRF\WH FRXQW DQG EORRG FXOWXUH ZDV GRQH cases were positive for blood culture were as 32 cases were negative remaining 38 cases were diagnosed as SIRS.

In our previous study, of the genetic variants reported in literature to EHDVVRFLDWHGZLWK+'/&YDULDQWVZHUHIRXQGWREHVWDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQWEHWZHHQ&$'FDVHVDQGFRQWUROVDWS7KHVHYDULDQWV ZHUHDQDO\]HGIRUGLVHDVHVHYHULW\7ZRYDULDQWVUVRIWKH /$&7%JHQHDQGUVRIWKH$%&$JHQHZHUHIRXQGWREH DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHKLJK6<17$;VFRUH

Results: 3URFDOFLWRQLQDQGKV&USZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\3 KLJKHU in both culture negative and positive groups as compared to SIRS. 3&7ZDVDEHWWHUSUHGLFWRURIVHSVLVLQERWKFXOWXUHSRVLWLYH$8& DQGFXOWXUHQHJDWLYH$8& JURXSDVFRPSDUHGWRKV&US Conclusion: This observation has convincingly shown that procalcitonin can be used as early diagnostic marker for sepsis and thereby differentiating culture negative bacterial sepsis from SIRS. Importantly procalcitonin is a reliable guide to initiate appropriate antibiotic therapy in the absence of culture positivity.

PO62 HDL associated genetic variants and severity of coronary artery disease- a pilot study Ashley Stanley, C.K. Ponde, R.M. Rajani, T. F. Ashavaid P. D. Hinduja National Hospital and AMP Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim- Mumbai. Background: &RURQDU\ DUWHU\ GLVHDVH &$' LV WKH OHDGLQJ FDXVH RIGHDWKZRUOGZLGHUHVSRQVLEOHIRURYHUPLOOLRQGHDWKVDQQXDOO\ /RZ +'/& OHYHOV DUH DQ LQGHSHQGHQW ULVN IDFWRU IRU &$' 7KH 6<17$; VFRUH LV DQ DQJLRJUDSKLF JUDGLQJ WRRO WR GHWHUPLQH WKH VHYHULW\ RI &$' ,W LV DQ DQDWRPLF VFRULQJ V\VWHP EDVHG RQ WKH FRURQDU\DQJLRJUDPZKLFKTXDQWL¿HVOHVLRQFRPSOH[LW\ Objectives:7R HYDOXDWH WKH VHYHULW\ RI &$' LQ WKH VWXG\ VXEMHFWV XVLQJ WKH 6<17$; VFRUH DQG WR GHWHUPLQH WKH DVVRFLDWLRQ RI WKH UHSRUWHG+'/DVVRFLDWHGYDULDQWVZLWKVHYHULW\RI&$' Materials and Methods: DQJLRJUDSKLFDOO\ YHUL¿HG &$' SDWLHQWV YLVLWLQJ WKH 3' +LQGXMD +RVSLWDO DQG 0HGLFDO 5HVHDUFK &HQWHU¶V FDWKHWHUL]DWLRQ ODERUDWRU\ ZHUH UHFUXLWHG IRU WKH VWXG\ 6<17$;VFRULQJRIWKHVWXG\VXEMHFWVZDVGRQHE\WKHFOLQLFLDQV as per protocol.

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Conclusion: Identifying the HDL associated genetic risk markers for VHYHULW\RI&$'LVSDUWLFXODUO\LPSRUWDQWLQWKH,QGLDQFRQWH[WZLWK a rising trend RI G\VOLSLGHPLD DQG LQFLGHQFH RI &$' VHHQ DPRQJ young Indians.

PO63 Association between trans fatty acids measured in cheek epithelium and incident myocardial infarction Ransi A Abraham1, Vinay K Bahl2, Ambuj Roy2, Prabhakaran Dorairaj3, Lakshmy Ramakrishnan1* 1 Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, AIIMS, India. 2Department of Cardiology, AIIMS, India. 3Centre for Chronic Disease Control. India Introduction: &RQVLGHULQJ WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI 7UDQV )DWW\ $FLG 7)$ LQ WKH KXPDQ KHDOWK WKH DFFXUDWH DVVHVVPHQW RI WKHLU LQWDNH is important in nutritional research and healthcare. Lack of an objective biochemical measure of fat intake prevents the validation of an association between dietary fat and chronic diseases especially LQ YLHZ WKDW FRPSOHWH QXWULWLRQ GDWDEDVH RI 7)$ LV QRW DYDLODEOH Measurement of adipose levels of trans fatty acids, a gold standard, LVGLI¿FXOWDVLWHQWDLOVREWDLQLQJIDWELRSVLHVRUIDWDVSLUDWHVZKLFK are invasive in nature and thus of limited value. Therefore cheek cell epithelium a non invasive biological specimen makes an attractive DOWHUQDWLYH$FDVHFRQWUROVWXG\ZDVFRQGXFWHGWRORRNDWDVVRFLDWLRQ between trans fatty acids levels assessed in cheek epithelium and incident MI. Methods: FDVHV DQG FRQWUROV ZHUH UHFUXLWHGFKHHN FHOOV ZHUH collected by scrapping the interior of cheek using wooden spatula after rinsing the mouth thoroughly to remove any food debris, The spatula was transferred to tube containing distilled water, centrifuged and 1mg of the pelleted cheek epithelium transferred to an amber FRORXUHGYLDOFRQWDLQLQJDVROXWLRQRIKH[DQHLVRSURSRQROYY /LSLG ZDV H[WUDFWHG DQG HVWHUL¿HG WKH IDWW\ DFLG ZDV DVVHVVHG RQ

Ind J Clin Biochem

the gas chromatography. The biochemical parameters were assessed using routine methods. The fatty acids were recalculated and grouped together in different categories as per their degree of unsaturation.

PO65

Results:7KHDYHUDJHDJHRIFDVHVDQGFRQWUROVZDVDQG \HDUV UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KH WZR JURXSV ZHUH FRPSDUDEOH with respect to the biochemical characteristics. The distribution of VDWXUDWHGIDWW\DFLGZDVKLJKHULQFDVHVZKHUHDV38)$ZDVKLJKHULQ FRQWUROV7UDQVLVRPHURIOLQROHLFDFLGW ZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHU LQ0,SDWLHQWVS DVFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROVWZDVDVVRFLDWHG ZLWKLQFUHDVHGULVNRI0,ZLWKRGGVRIS &,> @ LQ WKH ORJLVWLF UHJUHVVLRQ 1RQH RI WKH RWKHU WUDQV LVRPHUV VWXGLHGFRQIHUUHGDQ\VLJQL¿FDQWULVN

Ruby Gupta1, Lakshmy Ramakrishnan2, D Prabhakaran1 1 Centre for Chronic Conditions & Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 2 Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi

Conclusion: There are no reports of use of cheek epithelium to study association of trans fatty acids with MI. In our study population, 18:2 trans fatty acid measured in cheek epithelium was associated with coronary artery disease. Use of cheek epithelium for objective assessment of trans fatty acid to carry out association study opens up many possibilities. 18:2trans, which is abundant in hydrogenated oils, may confer higher cardiovascular disease risk in Indians.

PO64 Use of urinary protein creatinine index in spot urine sample in patients with urinary tract infection Rajesh Solanki, Madhuri NIMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan Background: 8ULQDU\ WUDFW LQIHFWLRQ 87, LV GH¿QHG DV WKH presence of microbial pathogens in the urinary tract with associated V\PSWRPV,QXULQDU\WUDFWLQIHFWLRQSURWHLQH[FUHWLRQRFFXUVLQQRQ GHWHFWDEOH TXDQWLW\ LQ XULQH 1RQGHWHFWDEOH H[FUHWLRQ RI SURWHLQV could be estimated by using conventional 24-hours urine collection method, but it is recognized that there are problems associated with a collection of 24-hour urine sample. $V DQ DOWHUQDWLYH UDQGRP VSRW VDPSOLQJ IRU D XULQH SURWHLQ WR FUHDWLQLQHLQGH[3&, KDVEHHQLQYHVWLJDWHG Aims:7KHDLPRIWKHVWXG\ZDVWRGHWHUPLQHWKH3&,IRUSUHGLFWLRQ RI VLJQL¿FDQW SURWHLQXULD ZLWK WKH HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH 3& LQGH[ LQ patients of urinary tract infection Materials and Methods:7ZHQW\¿YHFOLQLFDOO\GLDJQRVHGSDWLHQWVRI 87,ZKRIXO¿OOHGWKHFULWHULDFRPSULVHGWKHVWXG\JURXSDQGWZHQW\ ¿YHDJHPDWFKHGKHDOWK\VXEMHFWVZHUHWDNHQDVDFRQWUROJURXS6SRW XULQHVDPSOHVIRUPHDVXULQJXULQDU\3&,ZHUHREWDLQHG3\UDJDOORO red colorimetric method was used to estimate urinary protein. The PRGL¿HG-DIIH¶VDONDOLQHPHWKRGZDVHPSOR\HGWRHVWLPDWHXULQDU\ FUHDWLQLQH 7KH XULQH SURWHLQ FUHDWLQLQH LQGH[ ZDV FDOFXODWHG E\ GLYLGLQJWKHXULQHSURWHLQFRQFHQWUDWLRQPJ/ E\XULQHFUHDWLQLQH FRQFHQWUDWLRQPPRO/ PXOWLSOLHGE\ Results: 3URWHLQ FUHDWLQLQH LQGH[ ZDV IRXQG WR EH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ 87, DV FRPSDUHG WR WKH FRQWURO JURXS 7KHUH ZDV QR 87, VXEMHFW ZLWK IUDQN SURWHLQXULD estimated qualitatively. Conclusion:7KHSUHVHQWVWXG\VXJJHVWVWKDWUDQGRPXULQDU\3&,FDQ be a good predictor of proteinuria in UTI patients. This test could be a reasonable alternative to 24-hour urine sample collection for the detection of proteinuria in UTI patients. The simplicity, accuracy and WKHORZHUFRVWRIWKH3&,MXVWL¿HVLWVSUHIHUHQWLDOGLDJQRVWLFXVH

Stability of enzymes in stored serum samples

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any multi-centric studies involve collection of biological samples from remote locations and transportation to a central laboratory for analysis. Stability of analytes till the time the samples reach central laboratory is critical. The present study assessed shortterm stability of some analytes of interest in epidemiological studies. %ORRG VDPSOHV ZHUH FROOHFWHG IURP YROXQWHHUV DQG VHUXP DOLTXRWV ZHUHVWRUHGDW&DQG&IRUGLIIHUHQWOHQJWKVRIWLPHGD\ GD\VGD\VGD\V GD\V $OEXPLQ&UHDWLQLQH&DOFLXP LQRUJDQLFSKRVSKDWH**7$/3$67DQG$/7OHYHOVZHUHDQDO\]HG at the end of different storage time. The mean change in serum levels of albumin, creatinine, calcium DQG SKRVSKRUXV DW WKH HQG RI GD\V ZDV QRW VLJQL¿FDQW 7KHUHZDVDVLJQL¿FDQWUHGXFWLRQLQ$/3OHYHOVDIWHUGD\VDW& S **7DFWLYLW\GHFUHDVHGE\DW&ZKHUHDV WKH FKDQJH ZDV QRW VLJQL¿FDQW LQ VDPSOHV VWRUHG DW & 7KHUH ZDVDGHFUHDVHLQDFWLYLW\RI$67E\DIWHUZHHNVDW&S YDOXH ZKHUHDVLWZDVDW&$/7DFWLYLW\LQVWRUHGVHUXP decreased by 64% after 4 weeks time at -20° as compared to 6% DW & 7KH PHDQ HQ]\PH DFWLYLW\ ZDV ORZHU IRU DOPRVW DOO WKH HQ]\PHVVWRUHGDW&DIWHUZHHNVKRZHYHUWKHGHFUHDVHLQ$/7 activity was more pronounced. 2XU UHVXOWV FOHDUO\ VXJJHVW DQDO\VLV IRU $/7 ZLWKLQ RQH ZHHN RI FROOHFWLRQ LI WKH\ DUH SURSRVHG WR EH VWRUHG DW & RU ZLWKLQ ZHHNVRIFROOHFWLRQLIVWRUHGDW&

PO66 Elevated serum concentrations of zonula occludens 1 LVFRUUHODWHGZLWKV\VWHPLFLQÀDPPDWLRQLQSDWLHQWV with cirrhosis Ashwini K1, Pazhanivel Mohan P2, Balasubramaniyan V1* 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry. Background: In liver cirrhosis, disruption of the intestinal barrier function increases intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation, ZKLFKFRQWULEXWHWRHQGRWR[HPLDDQGGHUDQJHPHQWLQOLYHUFLUUKRVLV 3UHYLRXV VWXGLHV KDYH VKRZQ HYLGHQFH WKDW GLVUXSWLRQ RI WKH WLJKW MXQFWLRQV7- GXHWRDOWHUDWLRQRI]RQXODRFFOXGHQV=2 ZKLFK lead to increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation in hepatic cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the EORRGFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRI=2ZLWKV\VWHPLFLQÀDPPDWRU\PDUNHUVLQ patients with cirrhosis and healthy individuals.

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Patients and Methods: 30 cirrhotic patients and 30 healthy LQGLYLGXDOVZHUHHQUROOHGLQWKHVWXG\%ORRG=2DQGKV&53ZHUH PHDVXUHG (/,6$ DQG ELRFKHPLFDO SDUDPHWHUV E\$8 %HFNPDQ &RXOWHU86$ DXWRDQDO\VHU Results: 7KH VHUXP $/7 $67 ELOLUXELQ JDPPD *7 $/3 DQG DPPRQLD ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ 3 HOHYDWHG ZKLOVW VHUXP albumin concentration was decreased in cirrhotic patients when compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, tight junction SURWHLQ =2 FRQFHQWUDWLRQ ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ HOHYDWHG LQ FLUUKRWLF SDWLHQWV FRPSDUHG WR QRUPDO KHDOWK\ YROXQWHHUV YV SJPO UHVSHFWLYHO\ 3 KV&53 OHYHO IRXQG WR VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQFUHDVHG LQ FLUUKRVLV SDWLHQWV FRPSDUHG WR KHDOWK\ LQGLYLGXDOVYVPJ/UHVSHFWLYHO\3 3RVLWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ ZDV DOVR IRXQG EHWZHHQ LQFUHDVHG =2 DQG KV&5352 3 Conclusion: 2XU UHVXOWV VXJJHVWHG WKDW LQFUHDVHG EORRG =2 FRQFHQWUDWLRQZDVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKV\VWHPLFLQÀDPPDWLRQLQFLUUKRVLV and may provide both a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for the cirrhotic patients with decompensation.

WKHLQLWLDOSKDVHODEKDVVHOHFWHGIHZSDUDPHWHUVWRDQDO\]H6L[VLJPD SHUIRUPDQFHLH$/7%81&UHDWLQLQH*OXFRVH%LOLUXELQ6RGLXP 3RWDVVLXP &KORULGH 7RWDO 3URWHLQV DQG $OEXPLQ DQG &UHDWLQLQH NLQDVH5HFRUG&9IRUDERYHPHQWLRQHGSDUDPHWHUVZDVREVHUYHG IURP 9,7526 ,QVWUXPHQW %LDV ZDV FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ SUR¿FLHQF\WHVWLQJIRUFOLQLFDOFKHPLVWU\IURP%LR5DG 7RWDO HUURU DOORZDEOH ZDV WDNHQ XVLQJ WKH &/,$ JXLGHOLQHV 6L[ 6LJPDZDVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKHIRUPXOD6L[6LJPD 7(D ±%LDV &9 0RQWKO\&9DQG%LDVZDVXVHGWRFDOFXODWHPRQWKO\VLJPDOHYHOV for the above mentioned parameters. Results and conclusion,WZDVREVHUYHGWKDWVL[VLJPDFRQFHSWLV EDVHG RQ WKH IDFWRUV ELDV DQG LPSUHFHVLRQ 6R 6L[ 6LJPD DQDO\VLV DW 3DWKRORJ\ RI %UHDFK FDQG\ KRVSLWDO ZDV D UHÀHFWLRQ RI IDFWV DERXW WKH SUHFLVLRQ DFFXUDF\ LW LQFUHDVHG WKH FRQ¿GHQFH RI lab management as well. However laboratory has implanted few VWHSV WR LPSURYH RYHUDOO TXDOLW\ PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHP EDVHG RQ VL[ sigma Score of parameters & laboratory has decided to continue this modern day tool to measure, analyze, improve & control the quality SURFHVVLQ%LRFKHPLVWU\V/DERUDWRU\

PO67 Using six sigma – to monitor & improve laboratory performance Shubha A. Chogle %UHDFK&DQG\+RVSLWDO7UXVW0XPEDL Introduction: The quality of healthcare is an emerging concern worldwide. However many problems in delivering quality healthcare persist and require urgent attention and solution. There is mounting pressure on lab now a days to improve & sustain the quality UHSRUWLQJ :RUOGZLGH PRVW RI WKH GLDJQRVLV LV PDGH RQ ODERUDWRU\ ¿QGLQJV VR DFFXUDF\ LV PXVW WR GHOLYHU DSSURSULDWH WUHDWPHQW $ laboratory can make error at many steps i.e. preanalytical, analytical 3RVWDQDO\WLFDO+RZHYHUODERUDWRU\PXVWKDYHDV\VWHPLQSODFH to track & minimize these errors. Usually a good laboratory performs LQWHUQDOTXDOLW\FRQWURO 3UR¿FLHQF\WHVWLQJWRPHDVXUHSUHFLVLRQ DFFXUDF\0RGHUQTXDOLW\PDQDJHPHQWWRROVOLNHVL[VLJPDFRQFHSW RIIHU UHDOLVWLF VROXWLRQV WR UHDFK SUDFWLFDO OHYHOV RI SHUIHFWLRQ 6L[ 6LJPD SURFHVV LV D KHOSIXO WRRO ZKLFK ¿QGV IDFWV DERXW ODERUDWRU\ precision & accuracy performance & gives a clear direction to improve laboratory quality mainly in analytical phase. It is imperative that clinical diagnostic labs promote culture of safety with aid of quality management tools. Objective: 7KH REMHFWLYH RI 6L[ VLJPD $QDO\VLV ,V WR DQDO\VH PRQLWRU ¿QGRXWIDFWVDERXWODERUDWRU\%LR&KHPLVWU\ DQDO\WLFDO SURFHVV LQ WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI SDWKRORJ\ DW %UHDFK &DQG\ KRVSLWDO 0XPEDL/DERUDWRU\JRDOLVWR0HDVXUH$QDO\]HLPSURYH WKDQ control overall quality management system with the help of Modern GD\4XDOLW\DVVHVVPHQWWRROLH6L[6LJPD Method & Material:$W%UHDFKFDQG\KRVSLWDO%LRFKHPLVWU\WHVW DUHDQDO\]HGRQ9,7526IURP2UWKR&OLQLFDO'LDJQRVWLFV,Q

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PO68 Evaluation of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, oxidized low-density lipoprotein and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein in coronary artery disease patients in a quaternary care hospital Jyothi D.N and Vijay Bhat Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore, India Introduction:$WKHURVFOHURVLVZKLFKLVDPDMRUFRQFHUQJOREDOO\LV PRGXODWHGE\QXPHURXVULVNIDFWRUV6HUXPPDUNHUVRILQÀDPPDWLRQ are involved in plaque initiation, formation and rupture. Elevated OHYHOVRIOLSRSURWHLQDVVRFLDWHGSKRVSKROLSDVH$/S3/$ VPDOO GHQVH ORZGHQVLW\ OLSRSURWHLQFKROHVWHURO VG/'/& 2[LGL]HG ORZGHQVLW\ OLSRSURWHLQ 2[/'/ DQG KLJK VHQVLWLYLW\ &UHDFWLYH SURWHLQKV&53 KDYH SUHYLRXVO\ EHHQ GHWHFWHG LQ WKH SODVPD RI FRURQDU\ DUWHU\ GLVHDVH&$' SDWLHQWV +RZHYHU WKH FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ/S3/$KV&53VG/'/&DQG2[/'/LQ&$'UHPDLQV poorly investigated in Indian population. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the relationship of serum Lp3/$ KV&53 VG/'/& DQG 2[/'/ OHYHO LQ DQJLRJUDSKLFDOO\ GRFXPHQWHG&$' Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional observational study, VHUXPOHYHOVRI/S3/$KV&53VG/'/DQG2[/'/LQSDWLHQWV ZLWK DQJLRJUDSKLFDOO\ GRFXPHQWHG &$' DGPLWWHG WR 0DQLSDO +RVSLWDOVDQGKHDOWK\FRQWUROVZHUHPHDVXUHG7KHLUVHUXP/S 3/$VG/'/&OHYHOVE\WXUELGLPHWULFDVVD\KV&53E\DXWRPDWHG QHSKHORPHWULFPHWKRGDQG2[/'/E\LPPXQRVRUEHQWDVVD\ZHUH determined. The results were compared between the two groups.

Ind J Clin Biochem

Results: 0HDQ VHUXP OHYHO RI /S3/$ KV&53 VG/'/& DQG 2[/'/LQSDWLHQWVZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUWKDQWKHFRQWUROVS 3HDUVRQFRUUHODWLRQDQDO\VLVUHYHDOHGWKDW/S3/$KV&53 VG/'/&DQG2[/'/SRVLWLYHO\FRUUHODWHGZLWKDJH Conclusion:(OHYDWHGVHUXPOHYHOVRI/S3/$KV&53VG/'/& DQG 2[/'/ DUH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK ULVN RI &$' HYHQWV DQG FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHGDVDULVNPDUNHUIRU&$' )XUWKHUVWXGLHVDUHUHTXLUHGWRDVVHVVLIWKHVHOHYHOVFDQEHXVHGDVD predictor and prognosis marker for cardiovascular events. Keywords:/S3/$VG/'/&2[/'/KV&53&RURQDU\DUWHU\ disease, risk marker. PO69 Cystatin C as a potential marker of acute coronary syndrome P. Srilakshmi, K.Kalyan Kumar, K. Rambabu, Dept. of Biochemistry, Mamata Medical College, Rotary nagar, Khammam – 507 002, Telangana State. Introduction:&\VWDWLQ&DQHVWDEOLVKHGPDUNHURIUHQDOG\VIXQFWLRQ LV JDLQLQJ LPSRUWDQFH LQ G\VIXQFWLRQ RI RWKHU RUJDQV V\VWHPV DV ZHOO7KHFOLQLFDOVSHFWUXPRI&$'LV6WDEOHDQJLQD6$ 8QVWDEOH DQJLQD 8$ DQG 0\RFDUGLDO LQIDUFWLRQ 0, $FXWH FRURQDU\ V\QGURPH$&6 LQFOXGHV8$DQG0,3UHOLPLQDU\VWXGLHVLQGLFDWHG DUROHIRUF\VWDWLQ&DVDSURJQRVWLFPDUNHULQ$&67KHIUHTXHQF\RI $&6LVH[WUHPHO\KLJKDPRQJ,QGLDQV,QGLDKDVWKHKLJKHVWEXUGHQ RI$&6LQWKHZRUOG Objectives:$LPWRDVVHVVWKHUROHRIVHUXPF\VWDWLQ&OHYHOVLQ$&6 Materials and methods: Study group comprised of 114 patients GLDJQRVHGDVKDYLQJ$&6EDVHGRQFOLQLFDODQGELRFKHPLFDOFULWHULD &RQWUROJURXSLQFOXGHGDJHDQGVH[PDWFKHGVXEMHFWVQRQ$&6 FDVHV XVLQJWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHGFULWHULD Results:,QWKLVVWXG\VLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHRIPHDQVHUXPF\VWDWLQ& OHYHOVZDVREVHUYHGLQ$&6FDVHVWKDQFRQWUROV+LJKHVWPHDQVHUXP F\VWDWLQ&YDOXHVZHUHREVHUYHGLQ$&6FDVHVZLWKULVNIDFWRUV Conclusion:&\VWDWLQ&SOD\VDQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQW RI$&6DQGFDQEHXWLOL]HGDVSRWHQWLDOPDUNHURI$&6

PO70 NT-PRO BNP as an early predictor of CVD in hyperlipidemic patients P Rosy1 , L Vishnuprasad2, K Thiagarajan1 %LOOURWK+RVSLWDOV&KHQQDL 'U.DPDNVKL0HPRULDO+RVSLWDO&KHQQDL Background: Hyperlipidemia is common among the population with frequent cardiovascular comorbidities, such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, valvular defects etc., which may lead to reduced lifespan or even sudden death. There is an important QHFHVVLW\ LQ ¿QGLQJ RXW RI ELRPDUNHUV ZKLFK PD\ EH KHOSIXO LQ early detection or prediction of cardiovascular complications as ZHOO DV WKHLU SUHYHQWLRQ VKRXOG EH LGHQWL¿HG (YHQ WKRXJK WKH 1WHUPLQDO SUR %W\SH QDWULXUHWLF SHSWLGH 17SUR%13 LV D ZHOO

NQRZQ FDUGLRYDVFXODU SUHGLFWRU LQ FDUGLRYDVFXODU &9 SDWLHQWV LWV association with hyperlipidemia remains unclear. Objective: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the association EHWZHHQ1WHUPLQDOSUR%W\SHQDWULXUHWLFSHSWLGH17SUR%13 DQG hyperlipidemia. Materials and Methods:7RWDOO\SDWLHQWVZHUHVHOHFWHGDWWKH DJHJURXSRI$QWKURSRPHWULFPHDVXUHPHQWVKHLJKWZHLJKW %0, EORRG SUHVVXUH IROORZHG E\ ELRFKHPLFDO SDUDPHWHUV )%6 OLSLGSUR¿OHDQG173UR%13ZHUHPHDVXUHG7RVWXG\WKHDVVRFLDWLRQ EHWZHHQ173UR%13DQGOLSLGOHYHOVWKHSDWLHQWVZHUHGLYLGHGLQWR IRXUJURXSVEDVHRQWKHOLSLG&KROHVWHURO OHYHOV*URXS *URXS*URXS*URXS!7KHGDWDVZHUH DQDO\VHGZLWK6366VRIWZDUH,%06366VWDWLVWLFV Results: ,Q RXU VWXG\ WKH VHUXP FRQFHQWUDWLRQV RI 17SUR%13 OHYHOV VKRZHG D VLJQL¿FDQW LQFUHDVH DV ZLWK WKH OLSLG OHYHOV *URXS SJP/ *URXSSJP/ *URXS SJP/ *URXSSJP/ 7KRXJKLW remains with in the normal limit, it showed a gradual increase as with the increase with the lipid levels. The other groups 2,3 and 4 were compared with 1 considering group ±DVFRQWURO7KHFRPSDULVLRQUHYHDOHGWKHLQFUHDVHRI173UR%13 OHYHOVZLWKWKHJURXSVZHUHKLJKO\VLJQL¿FDQW*URXS 3 *URXS 3 *URXS 3 Conclusion: 2XU VWXG\ ¿QGLQJV FOHDUO\ LQGLFDWHV WKDW 17SUR%13 concentrations increase with the lipid levels which could be an early indicator,that the hyperlipidemic individuals were under high ULVNRI&9'+HQFHLWLVVXJJHVWHGWKDWGHWHUPLQDWLRQ17SUR%13 FDQ EH DGGHG DORQJ ZLWK WKH OLSLG SUR¿OH WKRVH ZKR DUH VXVSHFWHG to have high lipid levels which could be more helpful in assessing cardiovascular morbidity.

PO71 &OLQLFRGHPRJUDSKLF SUR¿OH RI K\SRQDWUHPLD LQ D tertiary care set-up M Mangaraj, S Kumari, Dash I Dept. of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha Background: Hyponatremia is common in clinical practice and has become a challenge to the physicians in respect to its clinical PDQLIHVWDWLRQV%HLQJDV\PSWRPDWLFWRFULWLFDOO\LOOLWLVDVVRFLDWHG with increased morbidity and mortality. Sudden onset as well as rapid correction may present with neurological manifestations compounding the clinical problem. Multifactorial etiology and wide range of deleterious changes on different systems warrant its early diagnostic evaluation for implementation of corrective measures. Objective: 7R ¿QG RXW WKH LQFLGHQFH RI K\SRQDWUHPLD RI YDULHG HWLRORJ\DQGWKHLUFOLQLFRGHPRJUDSKLFSUR¿OHLQDQHZO\HVWDEOLVKHG WHUWLDU\FDUHVHWXSRI$,,06%KXEDQHVZDU Methods: 400 incidentally detected hyponatremia cases from ERWK VH[HV DQG IURP ERWK 23' DQG ,3' ZKLOH GRLQJ ELRFKHPLFDO investigation for other causes, were included in the study. Their etiology, associated biochemical changes, comorbidities and response to therapy were statistically analyzed

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Results:0DMRULW\FDVHVZHUHIURP,3'ZLWKDPDOHSUHGRPLQDQFH Nausea & vomiting being the commonest manifestations, with DOWHUHG VHQVRULXP PRUH PDUNHG LQ ,3' FDVHV 0RVW SDWLHQWV ZHUH K\SRRVPRODUK\SRQDWUHPLFW\SH6,$'+ZDVQRWLFHGPRVWO\LQ,&8 and post-operative cases. Hypokalemia, hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia were associated electrolyte changes in patients from different Departments. Hypothyroidism was present in two cases, cortisol remaining normal in all cases. Diabetes Mellitus, sepsis, postoperative and diuretic intake were the more common associated morbities. Duration of treatment with different modalities and rate of response to therapy ZDVPRUHRUOHVVVDPHLQERWK,3'DQG23'JURXSVZLWKQRPRUWDOLW\ at all. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and differentiation from primary disease,with effective therapeutic intervention at right time reduces mortality and morbidity in hyponatremia cases.

PO72 Maternal and fetal adipokine levels in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among south Indian population Angelin Jeba Malar A, Bobby Z, Chaturvedula L, Vinayagam V JIPMER, Puducherry Introduction: +\SHUWHQVLYH 'LVRUGHUV RI 3UHJQDQF\ +'3 LV D PXOWLV\VWHPLF GLVRUGHU RI SUHJQDQF\ FRPSOLFDWLQJ ± RI pregnancies and contributes to considerable maternal and neonatal PRUELGLW\ DQG PRUWDOLW\ $OWHUDWLRQV LQ PDWHUQDO DQG FRUG EORRG DGLSRNLQHOHYHOVLQ+'3UHPDLQXQFOHDU Aim and Objective: To assess the alteration of maternal and fetal DGLSRNLQHOHYHOVLQQRUPDOSUHJQDQF\DQG+'3DQGFRUUHODWHZLWK clinical characteristics. Materials and Methods: Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples DQGFOLQLFDOGHWDLOVZHUHFROOHFWHGIURPKHDOWK\SUHJQDQWZRPHQ *HVWDWLRQDO +\SHUWHQVLRQ *+71 DQG SUHHFODPSWLF 3( ZRPHQ 0DWHUQDO DQG XPELOLFDO FRUG EORRG OHYHOV RI$GLSRQHFWLQ 5HVLVWLQDQG/HSWLQOHYHOVZHUHHVWLPDWHGE\(/,6$ Results: 0DWHUQDO DQG 8PELOLFDO FRUG $GLSRQHFWLQ OHYHOV DQG 8PELOLFDO FRUG UHVLVWLQ OHYHOV ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ HOHYDWHG LQ 3UHHFODPSVLDJURXSWKDQ&RQWURODQG*+71JURXS1RVLJQL¿FDQW differences were observed in the maternal resistin, leptin and XPELOLFDO FRUG OHSWLQ OHYHOV *HVWDWLRQDO DJH DW WKH WLPH RI GHOLYHU\ *$ DQG %LUWK ZHLJKW RI EDE\ ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ORZHU LQ SUHHFODPSVLD JURXS WKDQ FRQWURO DQG *+71 JURXS %0, ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\HOHYDWHGLQ*+71JURXSWKDQFRQWUROJURXS0DWHUQDO DQG FRUG EORRG$GLSRQHFWLQ OHYHOV ZHUH SRVLWLYHO\ FRUUHODWHG ZLWK severity of proteinuria, Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure and QHJDWLYHO\ FRUUHODWHG ZLWK DJH *$ &RUG EORRG 5HVLVWLQ OHYHOV ZHUH SRVLWLYHO\ FRUUHODWHG ZLWK *$ DQG %LUWK ZHLJKW RI EDE\ DQG negatively correlated with Systolic blood pressure and severity of proteinuria. Conclusion: Increase in Maternal and Umbilical cord blood $GLSRQHFWLQ OHYHOV DQG GHFUHDVH LQ 8PELOLFDO FRUG EORRG UHVLVWLQ levels could be part of a physiological feedback mechanism improving insulin sensitivity of Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

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PO73 $QWLJDQJOLRVLGH DQWLERG\ SUR¿OH LQ JXLOODLQ EDUUH syndrome patients in an Indian population Sambit Dash*, Ullas Kamath* and Pragna Rao# * Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), # Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University *XLOODLQ%DUUH V\QGURPH *%6 LGHQWL¿HG DV WKH PRVW FRPPRQ GLDJQRVLVIRUDFXWHÀDFFLGSDUDO\VLVLVDQDFXWHRQVHWPRQRSKDVLF immune-mediated polyneuropathy that often follows an antecedent LQIHFWLRQ$QWLJDQJOLRVLGH DQWLERG\ WHVWV FDQ KHOS LQ FOLQFKLQJ WKH GLDJQRVLVLQFDVHVRILGLRSDWKLFQHXURSDWKLHV6HUVIURPSDWLHQWV ZLWK *XLOODQ %DUUH 6\QGURPH ZHUH H[DPLQHG IRU WKH SUHVHQFH RI ,J* DQG ,J0 FRQVLVWLQJ RI *0 *0 *0 *'D *'E *7E *4E XVLQJ TXDOLWDWLYH LQ YLWUR DVVD\ NLW IURP (XUROLQH (XURLPPXQ0HGL]LQLVFKH/DERUGLDJQRVWLND$*2XUUHVXOWVVKRZ WKDWLQSDWLHQWV DQWLJDQJOLRVLGHDQWLERGLHVDUHH[SUHVVHG ,J*Q ,J0Q 2ISDWLHQWVWKDWH[SUHVVHGDQWLJDQJOLRVLGH DQWLERGLHV H[SUHVVHG *0 H[SUHVVHG *0 H[SUHVVHG *'D H[SUHVVHG *'E H[SUHVVHG *7E H[SUHVVHG *0 DQG SDWLHQW H[SUHVVHG*4E7KLVLVLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKSUHYLRXVVWXGLHVZKLFK UHSRUWD±SUHYDOHQFHRIDQWLJDQJOLRVLGHDQWLERGLHVLQSDWLHQW sera. Multiple types of anti-ganglioside antibodies were associated ZLWK*%6SRSXODWLRQLQ6RXWK,QGLD7KHVHDVVD\VZRXOGEHXVHIXO IRUFOLQFKLQJGLDJQRVLVLQPDQ\FDVHVRI*%6

PO74 Q-T interval in newly diagnosed patients with solid malignant tumor Subbalakshmi NK,* Shilpa N Bijoor,* Sourjya Banaerjee ** * Department of Physiology, ** Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Introduction:$SURORQJHG47LQWHUYDOLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKYHQWULFXODU WDFK\DUUK\WKPLDV,QFDQFHUSDWLHQWVGUXJLQGXFHGFDUGLDFWR[LFLW\ DQG SURORQJHG 47 LQWHUYDO LV ZHOO GRFXPHQWHG %XW QRW PXFK LV NQRZQDERXWLQÀXHQFHRIFDQFHUSDWKRORJ\RQ47LQWHUYDO7KXVWKLV VWXG\DVVHVVHG47LQWHUYDORISDWLHQWVIUHVKO\GLDJQRVHGZLWKFDQFHU DQGQRW\HWSXWRQDQ\WUHDWPHQW FRPSDUHGWRKHDOWK\VXEMHFWV Materials and Methods:FDQFHUSDWLHQWVGLDJQRVHGZLWKVROLG PDOLJQDQWWXPRUJ\QHFRORJLFDOQ JDVWURLQWHVWLQDOQ KHDG DQGQHFNQ DQGKHDOWK\VXEMHFWVPDWFKHGIRUDJHJHQGHURI VWXG\VXEMHFWVZHUHVWXGLHG,QWKHP47LQWHUYDOZDVPHDVXUHGIURP UHVWLQJOHDG,,HOHFWURFDUGLRJUDP47FZDVHVWLPDWHGXVLQJ%D]]HWW¶V IRUPXOD'DWDZDVDQDO\VHGXVLQJ0DQ:KLWQH\8WHVWDQG.UXVNDO :DOOLVWHVWIROORZHGE\PXOWLSOHFRPSDULVRQ6WDWLVWLFDOVLJQL¿FDQFH ZDVWDNHQWREHDWS±YDOXHOHVVWKDQ Results:47FRIVWXG\VXEMHFWVZDVORQJHUFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROS 7KHPHDQDJHRIVWXG\VXEMHFWVZLWKGLIIHUHQWVLWHVRIFDQFHU ZHUHFRPSDUDEOH$PRQJWKHVXEJURXSVEDVHGRQWKHVLWHRISULPDU\

Ind J Clin Biochem

WXPRU J\QHFRORJLFDO FDQFHU SDWLHQWV KDG SURORQJHG 47 LQWHUYDO FRPSDUHG WR FRQWURO S 47 LQWHUYDO RI JDVWURLQWHVWLQDO FDQFHUDQGKHDGDQGQHFNFDQFHUSDWLHQWVGLGQRWGLIIHUVLJQL¿FDQWO\ compared to control. Conclusion:*\QHFRORJLFDOFDQFHULVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKSURORQJHG 47LQWHUYDO Key words: ORQJ47LQWHUYDO47FJ\QHFRORJLFDOFDQFHU

PO75 8ULQDU\WRWDODPLQRDFLGTXDQWL¿FDWLRQLQDXWLVP Abhishek Chaturvedi, Shivani Tiwari*, Usha Devadas*, Nalini K**, Pragna Rao** Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), * Department of Speech & Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, ** Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal. Introduction:$XWLVPVSHFWUXPGLVRUGHU$6' LVDV\QGURPHZLWK V\PSWRPV WKDW UDQJH IURP OHDUQLQJ DQG PHPRU\ GH¿FLW WR VRFLDO LQWHUDFWLRQDQGVRFLDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQGH¿FLWZLWKUHSHWLWLYHEHKDYLRU and restricted interest or pattern. Many children with autism are µSLFN\¶ VHOHFWLYH HDWHUV DQG KHQFH WKH\ VXIIHU IURP QXWULWLRQDO GH¿FLHQF\ZKLFKFDQEHGHWHFWHGLQSODVPDRUXULQH&KLOGUHQZLWK autism have been reported to have altered urinary levels of certain amino acids that serve as neurotransmitters in the developing brain. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to screen the urine RIFKLOGUHQZLWKDXWLVPIRULQERUQHUURUVRIPHWDEROLVP,(0 DQGWR estimate total amino acid levels. Materials and methods: 7KH &KLOGKRRG $XWLVP 5DWLQJ 6FDOH RU &$56 ZDV XVHG DV D GLDJQRVWLF WRRO WR HYDOXDWH FKLOGUHQ ZKR are suspected of having autism. It was also used to determine the GHJUHHWRZKLFKFKLOGUHQZLWKDXWLVPDUHDIIHFWHG$IWHUREWDLQLQJWKH LQIRUPHGFRQVHQWFKLOGUHQZLWKDXWLVPDQGFRQWUROSDUWLFLSDQWV DOOLQWKHDJHJURXSRI\HDUV ZHUHVFUHHQHGIRULQERUQHUURUV RI PHWDEROLVP LQ ,(0 VFUHHQLQJ ODE 'HSDUWPHQW RI %LRFKHPLVWU\ .DVWXUED 0HGLFDO &ROOHJH 0DQLSDO 7KH XULQH ZDV VFUHHQHG IRU abnormal constituents using dipstick test and color reactions. &UHDWLQLQHE\-DIIH¶VUHDFWLRQ DQGWRWDODPLQRDFLGE\*RRGZLQ¶V PHWKRG OHYHOVZHUHDOVRHVWLPDWHGLQWKHXULQHVDPSOH Result: RI FKLOGUHQ ZLWK DXWLVP ZHUH IRXQG WR EH SRVLWLYH IRU 5RWKHUD¶V WHVW 6LJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHUOHYHOVRIXULQDU\WRWDODPLQR DFLGV ZHUH UHYHDOHG IRU FKLOGUHQ ZLWK DXWLVP S FRPSDUHG ZLWKWKHFRQWUROV7KLVGHFUHDVHLQXULQDU\H[FUHWLRQRIWRWDODPLQR acid was more in severe cases of autism compared to the mild cases, DOWKRXJKWKLVGLIIHUHQFHZDVQRWVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQW7KHUHZDVQR VLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHVLQPHDVXUHGH[FUHWLRQVRIWRWDODPLQRDFLGVLQ 5RWKHUD¶VSRVLWLYHRUQHJDWLYHFDVHV Conclusion: 7KLV VWXG\ LQGLFDWHG WKDW GXH WR WKH µSLFN\ HDWLQJ¶ nature of children with autism, they suffer with severe nutritional GH¿FLHQFLHVDQGWKHLUERG\LVFRQVWDQWO\VWDUYLQJ7KLVPLJKWUHVXOWLQ

the use of stored fat for energy and continuous driving of energy from stored fat results in ketone bodies in urine which tests positive for 5RWKHUD¶V 6HOHFWLYH HDWLQJ UHVXOWV LQ GH¿FLHQF\ RI HVVHQWLDO DPLQR acids in diet, thus leading to lower urinary total amino acid levels in children with autism.

PO76 Frequency of preanalytical errors in histopathology laboratory- a retrospective study Vivek Raghavan Muduthan, Kusumakshi, Manjunath Kori Shetty Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Introduction: Histopathology laboratories are integral part of SDWLHQWFDUHDQGGLDJQRVLV&RUUHFWUHSRUWLQJUHTXLUHVSUHDQDO\WLFDO analytical and post analytical phase are free of errors. The quality control program in histopathology laboratory is relatively young and less well under stood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preanalytical errors in histopathology laboratory. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of preanalytical errors occurring in histopathology laboratory. Objective: To identify the types of errors occurred in the preanalytical phase of histopathological specimen and calculate the percentage To identify the source of pre analytical error Materials and Methods: The study was done at Histopathology ODERUDWRU\RIWKH.DVWXUED0HGLFDO&ROOHJH0DQLSDODQG.DUQDWDND ,QGLD7KHGXUDWLRQRIVWXG\ZDVIURP2FWREHUWR0DUFK :H&ROOHFWHGGDWDRISUHDQDO\WLFDOHUURUVLGHQWL¿HGIURPWKHUHJLVWHU PDLQWDLQHG LQ WKH KLVWRSDWKRORJ\ ODERUDWRU\ RI .DVWXUED PHGLFDO hospital and analyzed for preanalytical errors like, unlabeled or not properly labeled specimen, incorrect requisition form, appropriate FRQWDLQHU LPSURSHU ¿[DWLRQ DQG LPSURSHU ELRSV\ VSHFLPHQ DQG percentage of errors were calculated. Results:$WRWDORIVDPSOHVZHUHUHFHLYHGLQWKHKLVWRSDWKRORJ\ ODE GXULQJ PRQWKV RI SHULRG RXW RI ZKLFK LQ VDPSOHV SUH DQDO\WLFDO HUURUV ZHUH IRXQG ZKLFK DSSUR[LPDWHO\ LQWHJUDWHG RIDOOWKHVDPSOHV,QVDPSOHVVDPSOHVUHFHLYHG IURP23'DQGVDPSOHVZHUHUHFHLYHGIURP,3'(UURUVZHUH GHWHFWHG LQ DQG VDPSOHV UHVSHFWLYHO\ 0RVW number of samples was rejected due to “Not or wrong mention of VLWHRIELRSV\VSHFLPHQV´ZKLFKRIFRQVWLWXWHGRIWRWDOHUURUV and followed by “specimens without formalin”, “unlabeled or not properly labeled requisition form” and “unlabeled or not properly ODEHOHG ELRSV\ VSHFLPHQV´ UHVSHFWLYHO\ $QGWKHOHDVWQXPEHURIVDPSOHVZHUHUHMHFWHGGXHWRZURQJELRSV\ WKDWLV Conclusion: 7KLV VWXG\ TXDQWL¿HG WKDt the majority of errors are labelling errors. This may be due to batch processing in which similar specimens may be confused, or it may be a function of VWDII WUDLQLQJ OHYHO $YRLGDQFH RI EDWFK SURFHVVLQJ DQG WKH XVH of adapting newer technologies like as bar codes on specimen FRQWDLQHUVUHTXLVLWLRQIRUPVPD\VLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHWKHLQFLGHQFH of specimen mislabeling.

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Ind J Clin Biochem

PO77 Lack of association between serum levels of THSD7A and obesity Manu Sudhakar,1 Ramya. R,2 Santhi Silambanan 1 1 Department of Biochemistry, and 2Department of Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai. Introduction: 2EHVLW\ DQG DVVRFLDWHG PHWDEROLF GLVRUGHUV KDYH developed into a major public health concern. Emerging evidence of a key role for the vasculature in adipogenesis and development of obesity and its complications suggests that manipulation of angiogenesis could be a therapeutic option in the management of REHVLW\ 7+6'$ 7KURPERVSRQGLQ 7\SH 'RPDLQ &RQWDLQLQJ $ LV D QHXUDO 1JO\FRSURWHLQ ZKLFK SURPRWHV DQJLRJHQHVLV ,W ZDVUHFHQWO\VXJJHVWHGWKDWWKH7+6'$JHQHLVDVXVFHSWLEOHJHQH DVVRFLDWHGZLWKREHVLW\LQDQ,QGLDQSRSXODWLRQ$YDULDWLRQLQOHYHOV RIWKHSURWHLQ7+6'$LQREHVLW\FRXOGEHRILQWHUHVWDVDQDYHQXH for early diagnosis and treatment of predisposed individuals but presently, no data is available. Aims and Objectives: To assess whether the levels of circulating 76+'$ LQ WKH VHUXP RI REHVH VXEMHFWV GLIIHU IURP WKDW RI OHDQ subjects. Materials and Methods: The study subjects included 104 obese %0,! DQG OHDQ %0, VXEMHFWV EHWZHHQ WKH DJH RI DQG 7KH VWXG\ ZDV DSSURYHG E\ WKH ,(& 5HI ,(&1, '(& DOOVXEMHFWVSURYLGHGZULWWHQLQIRUPHGFRQVHQW6XEMHFWV with a history of diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease and G\VOLSLGDHPLD ZHUH H[FOXGHG &OLQLFDO KLVWRU\ DQG DQWKURSRPHWULF measurements were taken; biochemical parameters and levels of 7+6'$ZHUHPHDVXUHG Results and Conclusion:%LRFKHPLFDODQDO\VLVDORQJZLWKFOLQLFDO observations indicated that obesity associated complications had not VHWLQ7KHUHZDVQRVLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHLQWKHOHYHOVRI7+6'$ in the serum of obese subjects compared to that of lean subjects LQGLFDWLQJWKDWLQVSLWHRIDJHQHWLFDVVRFLDWLRQEHWZHHQWKH7+6'$ gene and obesity, there seems to be no such association between the protein levels, limiting its potential application

PO78 Validation of retained sample against standard for clinical biochemical parameters in an oncology setup. M S Ghadge, V L Phondekar Tata Memorial Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Parel, Mumbai, India. Background: Sample collected as part of the original sampling process and reserved for future testing.The size of a retention sample VKRXOGEHVXI¿FLHQWWRDOORZIRUDWOHDVWWZRFRQ¿UPDWRU\DQDO\VHV,Q some cases statutory regulations may require one or more retention VDPSOHVHDFKRIZKLFKVKRXOGEHVHSDUDWHO\LGHQWL¿HGSDFNDJHGDQG sealed. Objective: To validate the retained sample procedure in the laboratory against standard references for clinical biochemistry parameters.

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Material and Method: This study was designed to process samples IRU *OXFRVH XUHD XULF DFLG FUHDWLQLQH WRWDO SURWHLQ DOEXPLQ DONDOLQHSKRVSKDWDVHWRWDOELOLUXOLQDVSDUWDWHWUDQVDPLQDVH$67 DQG DODQLQHWUDQVDPLQDVH$/7 XVLQJUHVSHFWLYHUHDJHQWVDQGDQDO\]HUV 1 6DPSOHVZHUHDQDO\]HGRQWKHVDPHGD\DQGDIWHUKRXUV on the following day by the same reagents and analyzer. Results: 3HUFHQW YDULDWLRQ ZDV FDOFXODWHG IRU DOO WKH VDPSOHV analyzed. Conclusion: %DVHG RQ WKH DQDO\VLV RI WHQ SDUDPHWHUV IURP VDPSOHVLWLVREVHUYHGWKDWSDUDPHWHUVKDYHVKRZQJRRGLQWHJULW\ hence the laboratory storage conditions for these parameters are DSSURSULDWH 2QO\ DOEXPLQ VKRZHG XQDFFHSWDEOH YDULDWLRQ KHQFH laboratory is probing into the root cause analysis to identify the cause.

PO79 Evaluation of serum IL-21, TNF-Alpha and C-reactive protein in patients with chronic periodontitis in comparison with healthy patients Rani Lokhande1, J G Ambekar1, K G Bhat2, Nilima N Dongre1 1 Department of Biochemistry, BLDE University’s Shri B.M.Patil Medical College, Vijayapur 2 Department of Microbiology Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi. Background:&KURQLFLQÀDPPDWLRQLVWKHKDOOPDUNRISHULRGRQWLWLV 7KH LQÀDPPDWRU\ HYHQWV DUH VXJJHVWHG E\ WKH DFWLRQ RI PLFUREHV in tissue cells that lead to release of several cytokines and soluble PHGLDWRUV $PRQJ WKHP 71) DOSKD DQG ,/ DUH NQRZQ WR SOD\ DQ LPSRUWDQW UROH &UHDFWLYH SURWHLQ LV DQ DFXWH SKDVH SURWHLQ LV KLJKO\ VHQVLWLYH PDUNHU XVHG WR LQGLFDWH LQÀDPPDWRU\ WLVVXH 7KLV VWXG\HYDOXDWHVVHUXPOHYHOVRI,O71)DOSKD&UHDFWLYHSURWHLQ in patients with chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals. Method: 30 cases of chronic periodontitis, 16 systematically healthy VXEMHFWV ZLWK DJH DQG VH[ PDWFKHG ZHUH LQFOXGHG LQ VWXG\ 7KH VHUXPOHYHOVRI,/71)DOSKDZHUHDVVHVVHGE\XVLQJ(Q]\PH /LQNHGLPPXQRVRUEDQWDVVD\&UHDFWLYHSURWHLQDVVHVVHGE\SDUWLFOH enhanced immunoturbidometer. Statistical analysis was performed XVLQJ VWDWLVWLFDO VRIWZDUH 'DWD ZHUH H[SUHVVHG DV PHDQ 6' DQG interquartile ranges and comparison of controls and cases by Mann :KLWQH\7HVW Results:/HYHOVRI,/71)DOSKD&UHDFWLYHSURWHLQZHUHQRWDEO\ KLJKHULQFKURQLFSHULRGRQWLWLVJURXSWKDQFRQWUROS &OLQLFDO SHULRGRQWDOSDUDPHWHU3' DOOLHGSRVLWLYHO\ZLWK,/S Conclusion:,/71)DOSKD&UHDFWLYHSURWHLQKLJKO\H[SUHVVHG in patients with chronic periodontitis than control subjects and linked with clinical parameters of periodontal destruction .Therefore these markers can be used for diagnosis chronic periodontitis. Keywords: ,QWHUOXNLQH 71) DOSKD &UHDFWLYH SURWHLQ &KURQLF periodontitis, Diagnostic biomarker.

Ind J Clin Biochem

PO80 Effect of glyphosate on blood glucose level and pancreatic marker in Mice Anju M, Jyothi Priya T, Saleena Ummer Velladath 'HSDUWPHQWRI0/762$+60DQLSDO8QLYHUVLW\0DQLSDO Introduction: *O\SKRVDWH DQ DFWLYH LQJUHGLHQW RI URXQG XS LV a broad spectrum herbicide. Residual levels in water and human H[SRVXUH DUH LQFUHDVLQJ 7KH YDULRXV WR[LF HIIHFWV RI JO\SKRVDWH QHHGWREHH[SORUHG+HQFHZHVWXGLHGWKHFKDQJHVLQEORRGOHYHOV of glucose and amylase in mice treated with glyphosate to understand WKHWR[LFHIIHFWVRQSDQFUHDVHV Aim and Objective: To evaluate the effect of glyphosate on blood glucose level and pancreatic marker in mice and to compare the difference in pancreatic amylase and glucose levels in glyphosate treated mice with that of controls Materials and Methods: The Swiss albino mice were divided into 3 groups RIZKLFK*URXSZDVJLYHQGLVWLOOHGZDWHUPO.J *URXSDQG*URXS ZDVJLYHQJO\SKRVDWHLQGRVHVRIPJ.J DQGPJ.J UHVSHFWLYHO\ IRUDSHULRGRIGD\V%ORRGZDVGUDZQIURPWKHUHWURRUELWDOYHLQDWWK DQG WK GD\ DQG DIWHU PRQWKV 6HUXP ZDV VHSDUDWHG DQG *OXFRVH DQG $P\ODVHOHYHOVZHUHHVWLPDWHG Results: 7KHUH ZDV D VLJQL¿FDQW GHFUHDVH LQ EORRG JOXFRVH OHYHO LQ ERWK WKH VWXG\ JURXSV FRPSDUHG WR FRQWURO :H REVHUYHG D VLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZJOXFRVHOHYHOLQORZH[SRVXUHJURXSYHUVXVFRQWURO DQGLQKLJKH[SRVXUHJURXSFRPSDUHGWRORZH[SRVXUH7KHUHZDVQR VLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHLQ6HUXP$P\ODVHOHYHOVEHWZHHQWKHJURXSV Conclusion: This study demonstrated that glyphosate has effect on WKH EORRG JOXFRVH 2XU ¿QGLQJV FRUUHODWHV ZLWK SUHYLRXV VWXGLHV ZKLFK VXJJHVWV WKDW JO\SKRVDWH FDQ LQGXFH K\SRJO\FHPLD )XUWKHU HODERUDWHGVWXGLHVDUHUHTXLUHGIRUFRQ¿UPDWLRQRIWKHUHVXOWV

Methods:,QWKLVVWXG\KHDOWK\VXEMHFWVZHUHFKRVHQIURPWKH .DUZDU ORFDO DUHD DIWHU FOHDUO\ GH¿QLQJ LQFOXVLRQ DQG H[FOXVLRQ FULWHULD7KHLU EORRG VDPSOHV ZHUH DQDO\]HG IRU )%6 WRWDO SURWHLQ DOEXPLQWRWDODQGFRQMXJDWHGELOLUXELQ$67$/7XUHDDQGFUHDWLQLQH XVLQJ;/DXWRDQDO\]HU Results: the results obtained were tabulated and compared with the values that are currently being used in our hospital laboratory. The XSSHUUHIHUHQFHOLPLWZDVSHUFHQWLOHDQGORZHUUHIHUHQFHOLPLW ZDVSHUFHQWLOH,WZDVIRXQGWKDWWKHUHZDVDVKLIWLQWKHUHIHUHQFH UDQJH IRU WKH DQDO\WHV )%6 WRWDO SURWHLQ DOEXPLQ WRWDO DQG FRQMXJDWHGELOLUXELQ$67$/77KHUHIHUHQFHUDQJHIRUEORRGXUHD had remained the same, whereas the reference range for creatinine had widened. Interpretation and Conclusion: the values showed noticeable deviation from the literature referred values. It was concluded that reference ranges observed in a small population in a city could EH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ GLIIHUHQW +HQFH JHQHUDWLQJ VXFK GDWD IRU DQ\ biochemical parameters in more partitioned groups and larger small VL]H ZLOO EH RI JUHDW VLJQL¿FDQFH WR WKH FOLQLFLDQV XVLQJ VXFK GDWD during clinical interventions. Keywords: Reference Range, Reference Limit and Reference population.

PO82 Serum electrolytes in patients with ethanol toxicity Sandeep Shetty1, Shankar M.Bakkannavar1, Vinutha R. Bhat2, Padmanabha Udupa2 1 Department of Biochemistry; 2Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University. Aim:6WXG\RQHOHFWURO\WHVLQSDWLHQWVZLWKHWKDQROWR[LFLW\

PO81 Development of reference ranges for biochemical parameters of liver and renal functions in Karwar city population Bhagyashree K Bhuyar,1 Vijay P M2, Poornima R T3 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2 Department of Pathology, Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences. Background and Objectives: It is a mandatory for any laboratory to adopt “Reference Ranges” within “Reference Limits”. There is a pressing need for the establishment of reference ranges and reference limits for various parameters in routine biochemistry in an Indian population. There is also a need for establishing in house reference ranges considering most variable biological factors such as age, JHQGHUQXWULWLRQDOVWDWXVDQGRWKHUSK\VLRORJLFDOIDFWRUV$VRQGDWH PRVWRIRXUODERUDWRULHVDUHXVLQJWKHWH[WERRNYDOXHVZKLFKJLYH reference ranges of the western population. The objectives of this study was to be determine reference ranges for VRPHELRFKHPLFDOSDUDPHWHUVRIOLYHUDQGUHQDOIXQFWLRQLQ.DUZDU &LW\SRSXODWLRQ

Background: Ethanol is the most commonly consumed alcoholic EHYHUDJH 2YHUFRQVXPSWLRQ RI HWKDQRO KDV EHHQ VKRZQ WR LQKLELW WKH SLWXLWDU\ VHFUHWLRQ RI DQWLGLXUHWLF KRUPRQH $'+ WKDW FDQ UHVXOWLQLQFUHDVHGH[FUHWLRQRIHOHFWURO\WHVLQXULQHOHDGLQJWRWKHLU depletion in our body. This study aims to compare the levels of serum HOHFWURO\WHVLQFDVHVRIHWKDQROWR[LFLW\ Method:,QVWLWXWLRQDO(WKLFV&RPPLWWHHSHUPLVVLRQZDVREWDLQHGWR FDUU\RXWWKHVWXG\7KHVHUXPHOHFWURO\WHUHSRUWVRIVXEMHFWVQ were obtained from laboratory information system after proper anonimization by laboratory in charge and were statistically analyzed. Result:$PRQJWKHSDWLHQWVQ ZHUHQRUPDO Q KDGK\SRQDWUHPLDDQGQ KDGK\SRNDOHPLD Conclusion:&RPPRQO\FKURQLFDOFRKROLFSDWLHQWVGHYHORSDYDULHW\ RIDFLGEDVHDQGHOHFWURO\WHGLVWXUEDQFHVZKLFKSOD\DVLJQL¿FDQWUROH LQWKHLUPRUELGLW\DQGPRUWDOLW\(YHQLQDFXWHVWDJHVWKHH[FHVVLYH alcohol consumption can have profound negative effects on the NLGQH\ IXQFWLRQLQJ LQ PDLQWDLQLQJ WKH ERG\¶V ÀXLG DQG HOHFWURO\WH EDODQFH 7KH UHVXOW RI WKLV VWXG\ VKRZV WKDW HWKDQRO WR[LFLW\ ZLOO cause depletion of electrolyte. This study has limitation that the basic electrolyte level of the person before alcohol consumption in not FRQVLGHUHG(OHFWURO\WHOHYHOVYDU\DFFRUGLQJWRWKHSHUVRQV¶DJHVH[ and amount of alcohol consumed etc.

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PO83 Molecular biomarkers of prostate cancer – looking beyond PSA Mariana Brait, Mithu Banerjee*, Akira Oki, Mohamma Hoque, David Sidransky *Senior Advisor (Pathology & Biochemistry), Command Hospital, Northern Command C/o 56 APO Introduction: 3URVWDWH FDQFHU LV WKH VHFRQG PRVW FRPPRQ FDQFHU DPRQJ PHQ ZRUOGZLGH 3UHVHQWO\ WKH PRVW FRPPRQ QRQLQYDVLYH mode of screening, prognostication and management is estimation of VHUXP36$+RZHYHUWKHVHQVLWLYLW\RI36$LVDQGVSHFL¿FLW\ is 41.1%. Therefore, a rigorous search for newer biomarkers for early detection of prostate cancer have been warranted. Aims and Objectives: To search for molecular markers of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods:6L[WHHQSULPDU\PDWFKHGWXPRUDQGVHUXP ZHUH DQDO\]HG E\ ÀXRURJHQLF TXDQWLWDWLYH PHWK\ODWLRQ VSHFL¿F 3&54063 WRGHWHUPLQHDQDO\WLFDODQGFOLQLFDOVHQVLWLYLW\RIWKH genes tested (SSBP2, MCAM, ER_, ER`, APC, CCND2, MGMT, GSTP1, p16 and RAR`2) $GGLWLRQDOO\ VDPH 4063 DVVD\ ZDV employed in serum samples from eighty four cases of prostate cancer, WKLUW\ FRQWUROV DQG VHYHQ FDVHV GLDJQRVHG DV KLJK JUDGH 3URVWDWLF ,QWUDHSLWKHOLDO 1HRSODVLD +*3,1 52& FXUYHV ZHUH SORWWHG IRU HDFKRIWKHJHQHVWRFDOFXODWHVHQVLWLYLW\DQGVSHFL¿FLW\ Results: 7KH VHQVLWLYLW\ DQG VSHFL¿FLW\ RI K\SHUPHWK\ODWLRQ RI 0&$0 ZDV DQG UHVSHFWLYHO\ ZKLFK LV DQ LPSURYHPHQW IURPWKHVHQVLWLYLW\DQGVSHFL¿FLW\RI36$:KHQDSDQHODSSURDFK ZDVWDNHQDFRPELQDWLRQRI0&$0SDQG(5DOSKDLQFUHDVHGWKH VHQVLWLYLW\WRDQGWKHVSHFL¿FLW\UHPDLQHGWKHVDPH Conclusion: $OWKRXJK QHHG WR EH YDOLGDWHG LQ D ODUJHU FRKRUW SURPRWHU '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ RI 0&$0 S DQG (5 DOSKD KDYH D potential to be utilized as biomarkers for prostate cancer as their VHQVLWLYLW\DQGVSHFL¿FLW\LVEHWWHUWKDQVHUXP36$LQRXUFRKRUWRI VDPSOHV$IWHU YDOLGDWLRQ RXU ¿QGLQJV PD\ UHGXFH WKH QXPEHUV RI unwarranted prostate biopsies which cause morbidity to patients.

PO84 Comparison of thyroid hormones with CA125 in ovarian cancer patients Preeti Karna, YS Phaneendra, Sairoz, Krishnananda Prabhu R V Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal. Introduction:&$DQWLJHQLVDJO\FRSURWHLQWKDWLVH[SUHVVHGE\ most epithelial ovarian cancer cell in high amount. Thyroid hormones 7DQG7 DUHLPSRUWDQWUHJXODWRUVRIGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQJURZWKDQG metabolism of ovaries. The majority of ovarian cancers are thought WRDULVHIURPWKHRYDULDQVXUIDFHHSLWKHOLDO26( FHOOOD\HUDQGWKHVH FHOOVH[KLELWWKHUHFHSWRUIRUWK\URLGKRUPRQHV%LQGLQJRI7WRLWV UHFHSWRURQ26(UHVXOWVLQLQFUHDVHGH[SUHVVLRQRIHVWURJHQUHFHSWRU (5 "P51$HQFRGH(5LVRIRUPVWKDWDUHVWURQJO\DVVRFLDWHGZLWK ovarian cancer suggesting a link between thyroid hormone status and ovarian cancer. Due to the ubiquitous role of thyroid hormones, it has EHHQK\SRWKHVL]HGWKDWWKH\PD\LQÀXHQFHFDQFHUGHYHORSPHQW6R

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LQWKLVVWXG\ZHDLPWRFRPSDUHWKHWK\URLGKRUPRQHZLWK&$LQ ovarian cancer patients. Aims and Objective: To compare the levels of T3, T4, TSH with &$LQRYDULDQFDQFHUSDWLHQWV Materials and Methods: The present study was approved by the ,QVWLWXWLRQDO(WKLFDO&RPPLWWHH$WRWDOVXEMHFWVZHUHUHFUXLWHG LQWKHVWXG\6XEMHFWHGZHUHGLYLGHGLQWRJURXSV*URXSDVFRQWURO Q DQGJURXSDVKLVWRSDWKRORJLFDOO\FRQ¿UPHG2YDULDQFDQFHU SDWLHQWVQ Results: :KHQ ZH FRPSDUHG 7 7 76+ DQG &$ EHWZHHQ FRQWURO DQG RYDULDQ FDQFHU ZH REVHUYHG 76+ S YDOXH DQG &$S ZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQRYDULDQFDQFHUSDWLHQWV DV FRPSDUHG WR FRQWUROV )XUWKHU ZH FRUUHODWHG WK\URLG SUR¿OH RI VXEMHFWV ZLWK &$ DQG IRXQG D ZHDN QHJDWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ RI7 DQG76+ZLWK&$ Conclusion: This implies that hypothyroidism may predispose to ovarian cancer.

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Ind J Clin Biochem

PO86

PO87

Effect of atorvastatin on cholesteerol, Paraoxonase and CRP in rats

&RUUHODWLRQ RI OLSLG SUR¿OH ZLWK OLYHU IDW FRQWHQW measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – does it help in prediction of liver fat?

Nandini M1, Ganaraja B2, Aradhana Marathe1, Ashwin Shenoy1 Department of Biochemistry,

1

Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru, Manipal University 2

Introduction: Statins have been widely used in the treatment of K\SHUFKROHVWHUROHPLD DQG DWKHURVFOHURWLF GLVHDVH $WKHURVFOHURVLV FRQVWLWXWHVDQRQJRLQJLQÀDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVHZKLFKLVLQYROYHGLQ mediating all stages of this multifactorial disease. The present study focuses on the long term effect of atorvastatin on the anti-atherogenic DQWLLQÀDPPDWRU\SURSHUWLHVLQUHODWLRQWR3DUD2[RQDVH321 DQ DQWLR[LGDQW HQ]\PH & UHDFWLYH SURWHLQ &53 DQ DFXWH SKDVH reactant, which depicts the risk of atherosclerosis complication was assayed to correlate the parameters. Materials and Methods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procedures at the beginning and at the end of the study. Results: 5HVXOWV VKRZHG D UHGXFWLRQ RI 7RWDO &KROHVWHURO DQG LQFUHDVH LQ +'/&KROHVWHURO LQ ERWK JURXSV RI UDWV UHFHLYLQJ ORZ DQGKLJKGRVHRI$WRUYDVWDWLQ%RWKPDOHDQGIHPDOHUDWVUHVSRQGHG VLPLODUO\ 7KH OHYHOV RI &53 GHFUHDVHG LQ WKH PDOH UDWV UHFHLYLQJ HLWKHU ORZ RU KLJK GRVH RI DWRUYDVWDWLQ 7KHUH ZDV QR VLJQL¿FDQW change in the HDL levels in female rats due to the doses before and DIWHUWUHDWPHQW$FWLYLW\RI6321DQG%321ZDVLQFUHDVHGRQO\LQ JURXSVUHFHLYLQJKLJKGRVHRI$WRUYDVWDWLQLQERWK0DOHDQGIHPDOH JURXS$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ RI$WRUYDVWDWLQ GLG QRW KDYH DQ\ GHOHWHULRXV effects on normal rats. Conclusion: 7KH ¿QGLQJV RI WKH SUHVHQW VWXG\ VXJJHVWV WKDW $WRUYDVWDWLQGRVHQHHGHGIRUWKHUHGXFWLRQLQ7RWDO&KROHVWHURODQG &53 OHYHOV LV QRW VLPLODU LQ DPOH DQG IHPDOH UDWV 7KLV PD\ KDYH clinical implications suggesting Statin therapy in human males and females too may not produce the same effect.

Madhusudhan KS, Nikhil Makhija, Naval K Vikram*, Raju Sharma, Deep N Srivastava Department of Radiodiagnosis & Medicine* All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India Aim:7RFRUUHODWHWKHOLSLGSUR¿OHZLWKOLYHUIDWFRQWHQWLQSDWLHQWV RI QRQDOFRKROLF IDWW\ OLYHU GLVHDVH 1$)/' EHIRUH DQG DIWHU therapeutic intervention. Materials & Methods: )RUW\ RQH SDWLHQWV PHDQ DJH \UV PDOHVIHPDOHV RIQRQDOFRKROLFIDWW\OLYHUGLVHDVHZHUHLQFOXGHG in the study after obtaining approval from Institute Ethics committee DQG LQIRUPHGFRQVHQW$IWHULQLWLDOFOLQLFDOHYDOXDWLRQOLSLGSUR¿OH was done in all patients followed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy 056 RI OLYHU IRU TXDQWLI\LQJ OLYHU IDW 6XEVHTXHQWO\ DOO SDWLHQWV ZHUHDGYLVHGUHJXODUSK\VLFDOH[HUFLVHVGLHWDU\UHVWULFWLRQVDQGRUDO YLWDPLQ ( IRU PRQWKV$W WKH HQG RI PRQWKV OLSLG SUR¿OH DQG MRS of liver were repeated. The liver fat content was then correlated ZLWK OLSLG SUR¿OH EHIRUH DQG DIWHU LQWHUYHQWLRQV XVLQJ 3HDUVRQ¶V FRUUHODWLRQ FRHI¿FLHQW WR VHH LI WKHUH LV DQ\ DVVRFLDWLRQ 3DWLHQWV¶ ERG\ZHLJKWDQGERG\PDVVLQGH[%0, ZHUHDOVRHYDOXDWHGEHIRUH DQGDIWHULQWHUYHQWLRQDQGFRUUHODWHGZLWK056DQGOLSLGSUR¿OH Results: 7KH PHDQ %0, RI SDWLHQWV EHIRUH LQWHUYHQWLRQ ZDV and after intervention was 26.3. Most common abnormality in lipid SUR¿OH ZDV VHUXP WULJO\FHULGHV HOHYDWHG LQ DOO SDWLHQWV EHIRUHLQWHUYHQWLRQDQG SDWLHQWVDIWHULQWHUYHQWLRQ7KH correlation of liver fat content with serum cholesterol, LDL, HDL DQGWULJO\FHULGHOHYHOVZDVSRRUFRUUHODWLRQFRHI¿FLHQWU ERWK EHIRUH DQG DIWHU LQWHUYHQWLRQ $OWKRXJK VHUXP WULJO\FHULGH OHYHOV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ GHFUHDVHG DIWHU LQWHUYHQWLRQ WKHUH ZDV QR VLJQL¿FDQW FRUUHODWLRQZLWKFKDQJHLQOLYHUIDWFRQWHQWS &KDQJHLQERG\ ZHLJKWDQG%0,VKRZHGVLJQL¿FDQWFRUUHODWLRQZLWKFKDQJHLQOLYHU IDWFRQWHQWS Conclusion:/LSLGSUR¿OHLVDSRRULQGLFDWRURIOLYHUIDWFRQWHQWDQG cannot be reliably used in the indirect assessment and follow up of SDWLHQWVZLWK1$)/'

PO88 Free PSA measurment and use of its ratio to total PSA levels in benign and malignant prostate cancer Bhoopal Shinde, Meera Ghadge, Nitin Inamdar, Geeta Rathnakumar, Aparna Jha Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai Introduction: 3URVWDWH FDQFHU VFUHHQLQJ LV IRFXVHG RQO\ RQ WRWDO SURVWDWHVSHFL¿F DQWLJHQ 36$ OHYHOV OHDGV WR PDQ\ IDOVHSRVLWLYH results, with unnecessary biopsies and emotional distress. The current WRWDO 36$ FXWRII OHYHO DOVR SURGXFHV PDQ\ IDOVHQHJDWLYH UHVXOWV Several approaches have been proposed to improve the diagnostic DFFXUDF\RI36$ Aims and Objective: 7R GHWHUPLQH )UHH WR 7RWDO 36$ UDWLR WR GLIIHUHQWLDWH EHWZHHQ %HQLJQ 3URVWDWH +\SHUSODVLD %3+ DQG

123

Ind J Clin Biochem

3URVWDWH &DQFHU 7R LPSURYH WKH DFFXUDF\ RI WKH 36$ WHVW DQG WKH VSHFL¿FLW\RISURVWDWHFDQFHUGHWHFWLRQSDUWLFXODUO\ZKHQ36$OHYHOV IDOOEHWZHHQQJPOOHYHOV Materials and Method: The study group consisted of a total of 124 male prostate cancer patients referred to genitourinary unit of Tata 0HPRULDO+RVSLWDOEHWZHHQWKHDJHJURXS±\UV 6HUXPOHYHOVRI)UHH36$DQG7RWDO36$ZHUHGHWHUPLQHGXVLQJDVVD\ ZKLFK LV EDVHG RQ &KHPLOXPLQHVFHQW 0LFURSDUWLFOH ,PPXQRDVVD\ &0,$ Results:)UHHWR7RWDO36$UDWLRVLQWKHSURVWDWHFDQFHUJURXSZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ORZHU WKDQ WKRVH LQ WKH %3+ JURXS$ FXWRII RI )7 36$ UDWLR DW LPSURYHV GLDJQRVWLF VHQVLWLYLW\ DQG VSHFL¿FLW\ for prostate cancer. Conclusion: 3HUFHQWDJH )36$ YDOXH UDWLR LPSURYHV 36$EDVHG differential diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients and help differentiate cancer of prostate from benign prostate hyperplasia and reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies.

PO89 Renal systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (rSLEDAI) correlation with serum complement levels - a useful diagnostic tool in patients with lupus nephritis Asha Patil*, Mary Mathew**, Ravindra Prabhu A***, Chethan Manohar**, Shankar Prasad N*** *Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Science, Manipal **Dept. of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, ***Dept. of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University. Introduction: 0RQLWRULQJ UHQDO 6/( GLVHDVH DFWLYLW\ LQGH[ U6/('$, LVDQLPSRUWDQWFOLQLFDOWRROIRUWKHIROORZXSRISDWLHQWV with lupus nephritis. In this cross sectional study, we assessed the DFWLYLW\LQGH[LQELRSV\SURYHQOXSXVQHSKULWLVSDWLHQWVDQGFRUUHODWHG ZLWKWKHVHUXPFRPSOHPHQW&DQG& Material and Methods: Urine sample of patients with lupus nephritis ZHUH FROOHFWHG GXULQJ WKHLU ¿UVW YLVLW SULRU WR WKH UHQDO ELRSV\ DQG analyzed for hematuria, pyuria, proteinuria and renal casts. The SDUDPHWHUV IRU U6/('$, VFRUHV EDVHG RQ KDHPDWXULD ! 5%& KSI S\XULD ! :%&KSI SURWHLQXULD SURWHLQ FUHDWLQLQH ! DQG XULQDU\ FDVWV JUDQXODU RU 5%& ZHUH DQDO\VHG (DFK SRVLWLYH SDUDPHWHUKDGDVFRUHRISRLQWV5HQDODFWLYLW\VFRUHUDQJH U6/('$,VFRUH!ZDVFRQVLGHUHGDVDFWLYHOXSXVQHSKULWLV6HUXP complement levels were estimated by immunoturbidimetric method DQG FRUUHODWHG ZLWK U6/('$, VFRUHV 1RUPDO UDQJH & PJGO&±PJGO Result:$WRWDORISDWLHQWVZHUHLQFOXGHGLQWKHVWXG\7KHPHDQ U6/('$,VFRUHZDV6' DQGWKHPHDQVHUXPOHYHOVRI& LVPJGO6' DQG&PJGO6' U6/('$,VFRUH were found to have negative correlation with the complement levels. Conclusion: In this study, we observed that active renal involvement LQGLFWHGE\SRVLWLYHU6/('$,ZDVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKORZ&DQG& OHYHOV0RQLWRULQJU6/('$,LQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKVHUXPFRPSOHPHQW levels is a useful indicator for disease activity and can aid in follow up and proper management of patients with lupus patients.

123

PO90 Ideal substrate for pseudoesterase activity of human serum albumin: an in-silico study Deepak Kumar1, Rajasri Bhattacharyya2, Dibyajyoti Banerjee1* 1 Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, India Introduction: Detection of pseudoesterese activity of human serum DOEXPLQ+6$ LVDQRYHOZD\RIDOEXPLQHVWLPDWLRQ+RZHYHUWKH ideal substrate for albumin estimation is yet to be investigated. Aim & Objectives:,GHQWL¿FDWLRQRILGHDOVXEVWUDWHIRUSVHXGRHVWHUDVH DFWLYLW\+6$XVLQJWRROVRIFRPSXWDWLRQDOELRORJ\ Materials and Methods: The 3-D structure of various known ester substrates (i.e. _-Napthyl acetate, `1DSWK\ODFHWDWH,QGR[\ODFHWDWH S1LWURSKHQ\O DFHWDWH $PLQR HWK\O DFHWDWH 5HVRUX¿Q DFHWDWH 4-Methyl Umbelliferyl acetate, Isoamyl acetate, Indophenyl acetate, $FHWR[\PHWK\O4XLQROLQLXP7URSORQHDFHWDWH$FHW\O0HWK\O &KROLQH %XW\U\O FKROLQH $FHW\O D]D &KROLQH 3URSLRQ\O &KROLQH $FHW\O 6HOHQRFKROLQH $FHW\O &KROLQH DUH GRZQORDGHG IURP 3XE&KHP GDWDEDVH 7KHVH VXEVWUDWHV DUH GRFNHG ZLWK WKH NQRZQ DFWLYHVLWHRI+6$7\U XVLQJ*2/'7KHLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQ GRFNHGHQ]\PHVXEVWUDWHFRPSOH[HVDUHVWXGLHGE\YLVXDOL]DWLRQDQG REWDLQHG¿WQHVVVFRUH Results: ,W LV REVHUYHG WKDW YDULRXV HVWHU VXEVWUDWHV H[KLELW VLJQL¿FDQW¿WQHVVVFRUHVLJQLI\LQJWKDWWKH\DUHSRWHQWLDOVXEVWUDWHV IRUHVWLPDWLQJSVHXGRHVWHUDVHDFWLYLW\2XWRIWKHFKRVHQVXEVWUDWHV PHWK\O8PEHOOLIHU\O$FHWDWHH[KLELWVKLJKHVW¿WQHVVVFRUHZKHUHDV $PLQR(WK\O$FHWDWHVKRZVORZHVW¿WQHVVVFRUH Conclusion: ([SHULPHQWDO YDOLGDWLRQV RI WKH REVHUYHG UHVXOWV DUH VXJJHVWHG,WLVH[SHFWHGWKDWVXEVWUDWHVZLWKKLJK¿WQHVVVFRUHZLOO be better substrate for pseudoesterase activity. However, in-silico DQDO\VLVRIHQHUJHWLFVRIWKHFKRVHQHQ]\PHVXEVWUDWHFRPSOH[ZLOO through more light for substrate design. Keywords:3VHXGRHVWHUDVH+XPDQ6HUXP$OEXPLQHVWHUVXEVWUDWHV computational biology.

PO91 $VVHVVPHQW RI LQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHUV KLJK VHQVLWLYH C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and cardiovascular risk factors in early phase of acute coronary syndrome Amit Kumar Shrivastava1, Arun Raizada1, Aditi Gupta1, Aparna Pandey2 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, India. 2 Department of Biochemistry, Narshinbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Visnagar, India Introduction:,QÀDPPDWLRQLVWKHXQGHUO\LQJFDXVHRIDWKHURVFOHURVLV DQGWKHUHLVDVLJQL¿FDQWDVVRFLDWLRQEHWZHHQLQÀDPPDWRU\PDUNHUV and traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Ind J Clin Biochem

Aims and Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the LQWHUUHODWLRQ RI KLJK VHQVLWLYH &UHDFWLYH SURWHLQ KV&53 DQG LQWHUOHXNLQ,/ ZLWKVHYHUDOFDUGLRYDVFXODUULVNIDFWRUVVXFKDV age, gender, obesity, serum lipids, diabetes, hypertension, smoking habit, alcohol drinking, and family history. Materials and Methods::HVWXGLHGDFXWHFRURQDU\V\QGURPH $&6 SDWLHQWVDQGDJHDQGVH[PDWFKHGFRQWUROVXEMHFWVZLWK QR FDUGLDF GLVHDVH$OO$&6 SDWLHQWV DUH FODVVL¿HG LQWR WZR JURXSV according to the presence or absence of conventional cardiovascular ULVN IDFWRUV KV&53 DQG ,/ ZHUH DQDO\]HG E\ ODWH[ HQKDQFHG LPPXQRWXUELGLPHWULFPHWKRGDQG(/,6$PHWKRGVUHVSHFWLYHO\ Results: 2YHUDOO VHUXP OHYHOV RI LQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHUV KV&53 DQG ,/ DW WKH HDUO\ SKDVH RI $&6 ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU S LQFDUGLDFSDWLHQWVDVFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROV,QGHSHQGHQW UHODWLRQVKLSV ZHUH VHHQ EHWZHHQ OHYHOV RI KV&53 DQG REHVLW\ K\SHUFKROHVWHUROHPLD GLDEHWHV K\SHUWHQVLRQ DQGVPRNLQJ $OPRVWVDPHDVVRFLDWLRQZDVIRXQG between IL-6 and these risk factors. Conclusion: 2XU¿QGLQJVVXSSRUWDIXQGDPHQWDOUROHRILQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHUV LQ HDUO\ VWDJH RI $&6 6RPH FOLQLFDO FDUGLRYDVFXODU ULVN IDFWRUVDSSHDUWRKDYHDGLUHFWLPSDFWRQWKHOHYHOVRIKV&53DQG,/ independent to each other and increasing the prevalence of unfavorable OHYHOVRIWKHVHLQÀDPPDWRU\PDUNHUVLQSDWLHQWVZLWK$&6 Keywords: $FXWH FRURQDU\ V\QGURPH KLJK VHQVLWLYH &UHDFWLYH protein, interleukin-6, cardiovascular risk factors.

PO92 Comparison of serum creatinine and cystatin C in different stages of chronic kidney disease Janice DSA, Sukanya Shetty K.S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore Introduction: Several renal biomarkers have been discovered and WKHLUXWLOLW\LQWKHSURPSWGLDJQRVLVRIFKURQLFNLGQH\GLVHDVH&.' KDYHEHHQHYDOXDWHG$PRQJVXFKELRPDUNHUVF\VWDWLQ&KDVEHHQ H[WHQVLYHO\VWXGLHG Aims and Objectives:7RFRPSDUHVHUXPFUHDWLQLQHDQGF\VWDWLQ& LQ&.'JURXSV Materials and Methods:&URVVVHFWLRQDOVWXG\LQYROYLQJ&.' VXEMHFWV ZHUH VHOHFWHG DQG FDWHJRULVHG LQWR IRXU JURXSV *URXS$ 6WDJH Q *URXS%6WDJHQ *URXS&6WDJH Q DQG *URXS ' 6WDJH Q 6WDJLQJ RI &.' ZDV GRQH EDVHGRQ1DWLRQDO.LGQH\)RXQGDWLRQ.'24,JXLGHOLQHVH*)5ZDV FDOFXODWHGXVLQJFUHDWLQLQHEDVHG&.'(3,IRUPXOD6HUXPF\VWDWLQ & ZDV PHDVXUHG XVLQJ SDUWLFOH HQKDQFHG LPPXQRWXUELGLPHWULF PHWKRG DQG VHUXP FUHDWLQLQH ZDV PHDVXUHG E\ 0RGL¿HG -DIIH¶V PHWKRG6WDWLVWLFDODQDO\VLVZDVGRQHXVLQJ$129$WHVWDQGSYDOXH ZDVFRQVLGHUHGVLJQL¿FDQW Results:0HDQVHUXPF\VWDWLQ&OHYHOLQ*URXS$%&DQG'ZHUH DQGUHVSHFWLYHO\ ZKLOHVHUXPFUHDWLQLQHOHYHOVZHUH

UHVSHFWLYHO\7KHUHZDVDVLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHLQ ERWKSDUDPHWHUVDVWKHGLVHDVHSURJUHVVHGS Conclusion: $Q LQFUHDVLQJ WUHQG LQ WKH OHYHO RI &\VWDWLQ & ZDV observed with disease progression with a similar trend in creatinine as well.

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PO94 (VWDEOLVKPHQW RI WULPHVWHUVSHFL¿F UHIHUHQFH intervals of serum T3, T4 and TSH in pregnant Indian population Barun Kumar Chakrabarty, 1 Vijai Singh,2 Binay Mitr,1 Reetika Pal 1 Military Hospital Namkum,1 CH Lucknow2 Introduction: Maternal thyroid hormone level during pregnancy is vital for the health of the mother as well as the developing child. During pregnancy at different trimesters there are number of hormonal and metabolicchanges occur, like, rise in thyroxine binding globulins (TBG), alteration of iodine metabolism,increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG), haemodilution etc. which affects thyroid hormone level.Therefore reference intervals (RI) for thyroid hormones in pregnant population require to be established separately from general population for proper assessment of thyroid function during pregnancy. Aims and Objectives : Reference intervals (RIs) of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)total T4and total T3 were determined in healthy pregnant women by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique after partitioning them into three trimesters. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in the zonal level army hospital. The reference population was chosen from a study population ofpregnant females of army dependents by applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The assays were done using proper quality control measures. Results: RIs were calculated from the central 95 % of the distribution of TSH total T3and total T4 values located between the lower reference limit of 2.5 percentile and upper reference limit of 97.5 SHUFHQWLOH YDOXH FRQ¿GHQFH LQWHUYDOV IRU WKH XSSHU DQG ORZHU reference limits were also determined. The values thus obtained varied from those provided by the kit literature. Conclusion: In comparison to our derived reference intervals, the reference data from kit manufacturer under-diagnosed both hypoand hyper-thyroidism within our pregnant reference population. Keywords: Reference interval, Reference range, Thyroid hormones, 7ULPHVWHUVSHFL¿F3UHJQDQF\(/,6$

PO95 Oxidative stress in the development of genetic generalized epilepsy and idiopathic intractable epilepsy: an observational study in a south Indian population Prasad DKV , Satyanarayana U , Uzma Shaheen , Surya Prabha T5 , Anjana Munshi6 1 Central Diagnostic Laboratory, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Sangivalasa, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Dr NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India 3 Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 1,2,3

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Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India 3 Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 5 Department of Neurology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 6 Centre for Human Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India 4

4

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Introduction : Oxidative stress resulting from excessive generation RI UHDFWLYH R[\JHQ VSHFLHV 526 PD\ SOD\ D VLJQL¿FDQW UROH LQ neurodegeneration associated with seizures /epilepsy as the neurons are more vulnerable to deleterious effects of ROS. Aims and objectives: The present study was carried out with an aim to evaluate oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes in genetic generalized epilepsy [GGE; erstwhile known as idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE)] patients and to know the role of oxidative stress generated by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in idiopathic intractable epilepsy (IIE). Results : 6LJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU OHYHOV RI VHUXP 12 0'$ DQG ORZ levels of plasma TAC in patients were noticed (p<0.001) whereas HU\WKURF\WH 62' &$7 DQG *3[ DFWLYLWLHV ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ORZ in patients when compared to the control group (p<0.001). It was also found that increased oxidative stress markers and decreased antioxidant enzymes in TC seizures only epilepsy compared to P\RFORQLF DQG DEVHQFH W\SHV S 6WDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW YDULDWLRQV LQ WKH OHYHOV RI 12 0'$ 62' &$7 DQG 7$& ZHUH observed between patients subgroups who were on AEDs for GLIIHUHQW WLPH SHULRGV \HDU \HDUV DQG ! \HDUV S S S S DQGUHVSHFWLYHO\ )XUWKHUVLJQL¿FDQW LQFUHDVHLQWKHOHYHOVRI120'$DQGGHFUHDVHGDFWLYLWLHVRI62' CAT were found in non-responder group compared to responders (p<0.05) and also in treated patients compared to untreated patients (p<0.05) denoting that additional oxidative stress induced by AEDs which results in seizure recurrence and drug intractability. Conclusions: 2[LGDWLYH VWUHVV SOD\V D VLJQL¿FDQW UROH LQ WKH pathogenesis of GGE and drug intractability. Keywords: Genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) . Antioxidant enzymes . Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) . Idiopathic intractable epilepsy (IIE) . Oxidative stress

PO96 Nitric oxide in health and disease: our experience Archana Singh1*, Ashok kumar Ahirwar1, Ambrish Tiwari1 and Jayashree Bhattacharjee2 1 Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences; 2Deptt. of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College

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PO97 Estimation of vitamin-B12 and folate among the T2DM patients on metformin, in and around the rural areas of pondicherry *C. AnandaVayaravel, # R. Ramesh, G. Radhika, K. Shaik Anwar Hussain,A. R. Srinivasan *Department of Biochemistry, **Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Ariyur, #Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pilliyarkuppam, Puducherry, India. Background: T2DM is a complex heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia and impaired insulin action and/ or insulin secretion.The etiology of human T2DM is multifactorial, with genetic back ground and physical inactivity as two critical components.Metformin is considered as a cornerstone in the treatment RI'LDEHWHVDQGLVWKHPRVWIUHTXHQWO\SUHVFULEHG¿UVWOLQHWKHUDS\ for individuals with T2DM. Long term and high dose treatment with PHWIRUPLQ LV NQRZQ WR EH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK YLWDPLQ % GH¿FLHQF\ in10-30% of patients with T2DM. Our study was carried out among the T2DM patients on metformin therapy. Aim: To estimate the levels of serum vitamin B12 &folateamong the T2DM patients on metformin. Materials and Methodology: The study includes 30 T2DM patients with metformin and 30 age and sex matched controls were taken from Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital & Research &HQWUH7KLVFDVHFRQWUROVWXG\TXDQWL¿HG9LWDPLQ% IRODWHE\ Electro Chemiluminescence method. Results and Conclusions: The patients analyzed showed a decrease in the levels of vitamin B12 & folate as compared with the controls. The future perspective of this study is to study the genetic interactions DQGWKHELRFKHPLFDOFDXVHVRIPHWIRUPLQLQGXFHG%GH¿FLHQF\LQ T2DM patients.

PO98 Role of free radicals and antioxidant in low backache K. Vignesh Babu, S. Venkata Rao Introduction: Low backache may be caused by muscle or ligament strain, bulging or ruptured disks, Osteoarthritis, skeletal irregularities, or Osteoporosis etc. The pain may originate from the muscles, nerves, bones, joints or other structures in the spine. Antioxidants acts as scavengers, suppress the formation of free radicals and oppose their activities. Aims and objectives: (1) To evaluate levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) in low backache patients.(11) To correlate relationship between MDA, Vitamin C in low backache patients Materials and methods: ORZEDFNDFKHSDWLHQWVQ DQG normal healthy controls with average age 45yrs (30-60yrs) were selected for the study. Heparinized blood sample were used for estimating lipid peroxidation and the status of antioxidants. MDA levels were estimated by Satoh method (TBARS), Vitamin C level E\FRORULPHWULFPHWKRG'13+ Results: MDA levels were more in low backache cases and Vitamin &OHYHOVGHFUHDVHGLQFDVHVWKDQFRQWUROV3YDOXHZDVLQWKHVH SDUDPHWHUVDQGZHUHVLJQL¿FDQW Discussion: In low backache, presence of free radicals mediates lipid peroxidation resulting in the soft tissue damage of these MRLQWV3DUWLFXODUO\WKHMRLQWVSDFHVGDPDJHFRUUHODWHVZLWKWKHRYHU production of free radicals and lack of oxygen processing enzymes and scavenging molecules. Conclusion: %\WKLVVWXG\ZHFDQFRQ¿UPKLJKHUOHYHORIR[LGDWLYH stress in low backache were due to increased lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of Vitamin C. Hence, antioxidant supplementation to low backache victims is certainly useful to reduce the symptoms of pain and favor good prognosis.

PO99 Free radical status and _1- Antitrypsin levels in smokers with COPD Nageshwari. A, S. Venkata Rao Introduction: &23'LVDGLVHDVHFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\DLUÀRZOLPLWDWLRQ which is to a greater extent irreversible. Smoking induces respiratory SUREOHPV LQFOXGLQJ &KURQLF 2EVWUXFWLYH 3XOPRQDU\ 'LVHDVH &23' &LJDUHWWH VPRNH FRQWDLQV IUHH UDGLFDOV ZKLFK GHFUHDVHV alpha1 antitrypsin levels in the body. Aim and objectives: 1. To estimate _1 antitrypsin, Vitamin E, 9LWDPLQ&OHYHOVLQVPRNHUVZLWK&23'7RVWXG\WKHUHODWLRQVKLS between _1 antitrypsin levels and Vitamin E, Vitamin C levels in VPRNHUVZLWK&23' Materials and Methods: 20 non-smokers (controls) and 80 &23' FDVHV ZLWK VPRNLQJ KLVWRU\ ZHUH VWXGLHG E\ VSLURPHWU\DQG FODVVL¿HGLQWRIRXUJURXSVDFFRUGLQJWR*2/'6HUXP_1 antitrypsin

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was estimated by quantitative turbidimetric method. Vitamin E was HVWLPDWHG E\ %DNHU DQG )UDQN PHWKRG 9LWDPLQ & E\ FRORULPHWULF PHWKRG'13+ 6WDWLVWLFVE\6DO6WDWVRIWZDUH Results: Controls had normal spirometry. Cases showed a decrease LQ)(9ZLWKFRUUHVSRQGLQJLQFUHDVHLQWKHQXPEHURIFLJDUHWWHV day. _1 antitrypsin, vitamin E and vitamin C were decreased proportionately with increase in the number of cigarettes/day in cases when compared to controls. The difference in the mean of each parameter between different case groups and controls is statistically KLJKO\VLJQL¿FDQWS Discussion: Cigarette smoking produces free radicals that inhibits _1 antitrypsin. The soot attracts neutrophils to the site which releases more free radicals. Thus there is more elastase and less protease inhibitor, leading to lung damage. Conclusion: Our study showed decreased _1 antitrypsin and antioxidant levels in smokers due to the increased consumption of antioxidants in the body which in turn due to increased production of free radicals respectively.

PO100 Urine albumin excretion as a marker of acute glycemic changes in isolated postprandial hyperglycemia. Shilpasree A S, Vidya S Patil, Vani Axita, Vijayetha P Patil, Deepti G Ingleshwar. SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka Introduction: ,VRODWHG SRVWSUDQGLDO K\SHUJO\FHPLD ,33+* LV D major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases and most of the times it occurs in patients with normal glycemic FRQWURO DV GLDJQRVHG E\ IDVWLQJ EORRG JOXFRVH )%* DQG +E$F levels. Urine albumin excretion (UAE) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease risk and mortality in diabetic as well as non diabetic individuals. Aim and objectives: 7RVWXG\WKH8$(LQ,33+*DQGWRFRPSDUH with normoglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, isolated fasting hyperglycemia and combined fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia subjects to show the possible association of postprandial glycemic excursions with cardiovascular mortality. Materials and methods: 318 patients with type II DM were divided into 5 groups based on their fasting and postprandial blood JOXFRVH 33%* OHYHOV 8$( DQG OLSLG SUR¿OH LQ GLIIHUHQW JURXSV ZDV PHDVXUHG DQG FRPSDUHG XVLQJ $129$ 5HJUHVVLRQ DQDO\VLV ZDVXVHGWRSUHGLFWWKHYDULDWLRQRI8$(ZLWK)%*33%*DQGWRWDO cholesterol.

PO101 Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus: study based on IADPSG and recent who diagnostic criteria with special reference to Hb A1c Nilakhe SD, Ramavataram DVSS, Sambahre V, Nandeshwar AS. Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is any degree of JOXFRVHLQWROHUDQFH¿UVWUHFRJQL]HGGXULQJSUHJQDQF\:RPHQZLWK GDM and their children have risk to developType 2 diabetes mellitus in their later life, contributing to prevalence of diabetes. Various FULWHULD DUH IROORZHG IRU GLDJQRVLV RI *'0 OLNH$'$ :+2 DQG ',36,LQ,QGLD5HFHQWO\:+2KDGUHIRUPHGWKHLUFULWHULDIRU*'0 IRU$VLDQVLQVXEVHTXHQWWR,$'36*:HGHFLGHGWRFRPSDUH these criteria with special attention to Hb A1c. Methods: After informed written consent, 287 pregnant women were screened for GDM by 75 g OGTT under fasting conditionat 24 WRZHHNRIJHVWDWLRQDW$1&60,0(56XUDW(WKLFDOFRPPLWWHH DSSURYDOKDGEHHQWDNHQSULRUWRVWXG\:RPHQZLWKWK\URLGDQGRWKHU disorders were excluded from study. Relevant clinical information was collected. Glucose and other biochemical investigations by DXWRDQDO\]HUE\7UDQVDVLD%LRPHGLFDO0XPEDL+E$FE\1*63 FHUWL¿HG+3/&PHWKRGE\%,25$'86$ZHUHDQDO\]HG'DWDZDV FRPSLOHGDQGVWDWLVWLFDODQDO\VLVXVLQJDSSURSULDWHWRROVGRQHE\6366 version 21, IBM, USA. Results: $FFRUGLQJWR',63,:+2:+2DQG,$'36* criteria,prevalence of 14.6% (42), 15.6% (45), 33.1% (95)for GDM was observed respectively. Based on Hb A1c values of ?6.5% and 6.0 to 6.4%,3.8% (10) women with diabetes and 4.2% (11) women with impaired glucose tolerance respectively were observed.Thus about 4%women with pre-existing diabetes can be falsely included in the prevalence and adverse outcomes of GDM. Conclusion: Screening with Hb A1c along with OGTTfor the GLDJQRVLV RI *'0 ZRXOG EH D VLJQL¿FDQW PDUNHU WR UXOH RXW SUH existing diabetes mellitus in pregnant population.

PO102 Serum hepcidin levels in diabetes mellitus Padmanaban Venkatesan1, Joe Varghese1, Jasmine Prasad2, Molly Jacob1. Departments of Biochemistry1 and Community Medicine2,Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

Results: 3DWLHQWV ZLWK ,33+* KDG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU 8$( compared to normoglycemia group (p<0.0001). UAE in impaired glucose tolerance and Isolated fasting hyperglycemia groups did QRW GLIIHU VLJQL¿FDQWO\ IURP 1RUPRJO\FHPLD JURXS S DQG S /LSLG SUR¿OH GLG QRW VKRZ DQ\ VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQWKHJURXSV2QUHJUHVVLRQDQDO\VLV33%*EXWQRWWKH)%* or total cholesterol correlated positively with UAE.

Introduction: Increased levels of body iron stores have been reported to be associated with diabetes mellitus.The mechanisms that link these conditions are unclear. Hepcidin is the central regulator of iron homeostasis. It is possible that changes in hepcidin may underlie WKH DVVRFLDWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKHVH WZR FRQGLWLRQV :KDW OLWWOH GDWD DUH available in this area are inconclusive.

Conclusion: UAE is easy, less expensive, widely available method done on spot urine samples which indicates the acute glycemic changes and increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in SDWLHQWVZLWK,33+*

Aim: To estimate serum levels of hepcidin and ferritin in adults diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus, and compare these with levels of these parameters in those without diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: hyperglycemia, urine albumin excretion, impaired JOXFRVHWROHUDQFH1RUPRJO\FHPLD

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Methods: Informed consent was obtained to collect fasting blood VDPSOHV IURP DGXOW PDOHV ZKR ZHUH GLDJQRVHG IRU WKH ¿UVW WLPH

Ind J Clin Biochem

to have diabetes mellitus (DM). Age-matched maleswith fasting glucose values within the reference range served ascontrol subjects. Each sample obtained was used to estimate haemoglobin, glucose, &UHDFWLYH SURWHLQ &53 IHUULWLQ LURQ WRWDO LURQELQGLQJ FDSDFLW\ (TIBC) and hepcidin. Anthropometric measurements were also made on each subject. Results: Twenty one subjects were studied in each group. Both groups were similar in age and anthropometric measurements. There were no differences in values of haemoglobin, serum iron, TIBC and transferrin saturation between the two groups. Serum ferritin levels ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ WKRVH ZLWK '0 PHGLDQ >LQWHUTXDUWLOH UDQJH@ >@ QJPO ZKHQ FRPSDUHG ZLWK FRQWUROV (79 [46.65-155.5] ng/ml). Serum hepcidin levels were similar in the JURXSV+HSFLGLQIHUULWLQUDWLRZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHULQWKRVHZLWK DM when compared with control subjects. Conclusion: Serum ferritin, often used as marker of body iron VWRUHV ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ VXEMHFWV ZLWK GLDEHWHV PHOOLWXV but hepcidin levels were not. Lower hepcidin-ferritin ratio in subjects with diabetes mellitus suggests that serum hepcidin levels were inappropriately low for the increased body iron stores in these VXEMHFWVDVLQGLFDWHGE\HOHYDWHGVHUXPIHUULWLQOHYHOV7KLV¿QGLQJ UHTXLUHVFRQ¿UPDWLRQLQODUJHUVDPSOHVDQGLWVVLJQL¿FDQFHUHTXLUHV exploration.

PO103 Vitamin D in Type 2 diabetes patients from 0HJKDOD\D'RHV9LWDPLQ'SOD\DVLJQL¿FDQWUROHLQ regulating glucose homeostasis? Kaustubh Bora, Alice Abraham Ruram Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong, Meghalaya, India. Introduction: Although inadequate vitamin D is described in relation to deranged glucose homeostasis and risk of future diabetes, its role in established cases of diabetes is unclear. Meghalaya in northeast India receives very low sunshine and high rainfall. Also known as ‘the abode of clouds’ and ‘the wettest place on earth’, vitamin D status in diabetics from Meghalaya is thus of special interest. Objectives: (i) to evaluate vitamin D status, and (ii) to determine the association of vitamin D with indices of glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients from Meghalaya. Methods: :H GHWHUPLQHG K\GUR[\YLWDPLQ ' 2+' concentrations in 251 T2D patients (not on insulin), and examined WKHLUDVVRFLDWLRQVZLWKWKHIROORZLQJLQGLFHVRIJOXFRVHKRPHRVWDVLV IDVWLQJ EORRG VXJDU )%6 SRVWSUDQGLDO EORRG VXJDU 33%6 JO\FDWHG KHPRJORELQ +E$F IDVWLQJ LQVXOLQ ), KRPHRVWDVLV model assessments of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and `-cell function (HOMA-`). Results: 1RQHRIWKHSDWLHQWVKDGDGHTXDWHYLWDPLQ'VWDWXV SDWLHQWV KDG GH¿FLHQF\ 2+' QJP/ ZKLOH KDG LQVXI¿FLHQF\ 2+' QJP/ 2Q XQLYDULDWH DQDO\VLV VLJQL¿FDQW DVVRFLDWLRQV 3 RI 2+' ZHUH REVHUYHG

ZLWK),U DQG+20$`U %XWWKHVHDVVRFLDWLRQV GLVDSSHDUHG3! ZKHQFRQWUROOHGIRUFRQIRXQGHUV Conclusion: Although there was widespread prevalence of vitamin ' GH¿FLHQF\LQVXI¿FLHQF\ LQ 7' SDWLHQWV IURP 0HJKDOD\D \HW VLJQL¿FDQW DVVRFLDWLRQ ZLWK LQGLFHV RI JOXFRVH KRPHRVWDVLV ZDV lacking. The high prevalence of inadequate vitamin D in T2D does not imply a causal relationship with parameters of glucose homeostasis. ,WPD\EHDUHÀHFWLRQRIWKHJHQHUDOVWDWHRIORZYLWDPLQ'OHYHOVLQ the overall population at large.

PO104 Assessment of kidney function tests in diabetes mellitus patients under insulin doses in Arar region M N Khan Objectives: The aim of this work is to assess the kidney function tests in Diabetes Mellitus patients under insulin doses in Arar region Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (D.M) is a prevalent endocrinal GLVRUGHULQ.LQJGRPRI6DXGL$UDELD3UHVHQWVWXG\LVWRKLJKOLJKWWKH HIIHFWRIORQJODVWLQJFDVHVRIFRQWUROOHG'0RQ.LGQH\)XQFWLRQV in a local region. (IIHFWRI'LDEHWHV0HOOLWXVRQ5HQDO)XQFWLRQ'LDEHWLFUHQDOGLVHDVH in human often requires the better part of two decades to develop the signs and symptoms of advanced/clinical diabetic nephropathy with underlying extensive damage to the various segments of the nephron, thereby causing albuminuria, rising blood pressure, and a progressive GHFOLQH RI JORPHUXODU ¿OWUDWLRQ $QGHUVHQ $5 6PLGW 80 6YHQGVHQ3$ Methods: The serum biochemistry examination for Glucose, Urea and Creatinine. *OXFRVH7KH IDVWLQJ VHUXP JOXFRVH OHYHO ZHUHREWDLQHG IURP WKH laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry using departement Autoanalyser (Dimension model RXL MAX ) of the Arar Central Hospital,Arar. Normal values : 70-110 mg/dl. 8UHD8UHD .LW 5DQGR[ DQG D VSHFWURSKRWRPHWHU ZHUH XVHG WR determine the serum urea concentration in the samples. Normal values : Serum (urea) 10 – 50 mg / dl . &UHDWLQLQH6HUXP FUHDWLQLQH ZDV PHDVXUHG E\ D .LW 5DQGR[ using the compensated kinetic Jaffe assay. 1RUPDOYDOXHV

- Men: - Women:

0.6 – 1.1 mg/ dl 0.5 – 0.9 mg/dl.

Results and Discussions: It is clear from the result that in almost all patients blood glucose is within normal range but their kidney function test i.e.urea and creatinine lies in high range(abnormal). 0HDVXUHPHQWVRI%ORRGSUHVVXUH6%3 '%3 DOVRIRXQGWREHLQ normal range for all patients. 6RREWDLQHGUHVXOWVFRXOGEHLQWHUSUHWHGDV -

The patients are controlled diabetics under insulin therapy but with very high serum creatinine level indicating severly affected

JORPHUXODU¿OWHUDWLRQUDWH

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Ind J Clin Biochem

-

The patients history revealed more than ten years duration of diabetes mellitus.They are diagnosed as diabetic patients and were under insulin therapy for controlling their blood sugar level during this period.

7KHVH[DQGDJHLQWKLVJURXSRIVWXG\VKRZVQRVLJQL¿FDQWUROH in renal function test result. )URP KLVWRU\ RI SDWLHQW WKHUH LV QR RWKHU GLUHFW FDXVH RI UHQDO problem Conclusion: 2QWKHEDVLVRI¿QGLQJLQWKLVVWXG\LWFRXOGEHFRQFOXGHGWKDW -

Long duration of diabetes mellitus can affect renal function through destructive effects on vascular bed of renal tissues as a part of general vascular and nervous pathological effects of diabetes mellitus.

These patients are advised to go for dialysis regularly and should be XQGHUREVHUYDWLRQRIZHOOTXDOL¿HG1HSKURORJLVW Keywords: 6%'6\VWROLF%ORRG3UHVVXUH'%''LDVWROLF%ORRG 3UHVVXUH)%6)DVWLQJ%ORRG6XJDU<2'
PO105 Markers of oxidative stress: an early approach to detect Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) in menopausal women Jyot Amrita,1 MridulaMahajan,2 AJS Bhanwer3 1 Department of Biochemistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India 2 Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India 3 Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India Introduction: The imbalance in the oxidative processes results in the onset of endothelial dysfunction, which leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in menopausal women, due to various hormonal changes.

PO106 Protein carbonyls and protein thiols in rheumatoid arthritis Pullaiah Pasupuleti1, MM Suchitra1, B. Siddhartha Kumar2 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2 Department of Medicine, S.V. Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andra Pradesh. Background: 5KHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV5$ LVDFKURQLFLQÀDPPDWRU\ autoimmune disorder which affects multiple systems. Highly reactive oxygen species are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases, and increase the protein oxidation and additionally HQKDQFHVWKHLQÀDPPDWLRQLQ5$SDWLHQWV7KHSUHVHQFHRIFDUERQ\O groups in proteins has therefore been used as a marker of ROSPHGLDWHGSURWHLQR[LGDWLRQ3URWHLQWKLROVDUHDOVRDQLQGLFDWRURIWKH antioxidant status in RA. Material and Methods: Twenty four patients newly diagnosed with 5KHXPDWRLG$UWKULWLVZHUHFRQVLGHUHGDVVWXG\JURXSDQGWZHQW\¿YH age and sex matched healthy control group. Serum protein carbonyls ZHUH HVWLPDWHG E\ GLQLWURSKHQ\O K\GUD]LQH '13+ PHWKRG DQG protein thiols by Elman’s reagent by using spectrophotometer. 6WDWLVWLFDODQDO\VLVZDVSHUIRUPHGXVLQJ6366IRUZLQGRZVYHUVLRQ $µS¶YDOXHZDVFRQVLGHUHGDVVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQW Results: 3URWHLQ FDUERQ\OV ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU S SURWHLQ WKLROV VKRZHG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ORZHU S LQ SDWLHQWV ZLWK 5$ FRPSDUHG WR WKH FRQWURO JURXS 3URWHLQ FDUERQ\O VKRZHG VLJQL¿FDQWQHJDWLYHFRUUHODWLRQZLWKWKHSURWHLQWKLROVS LQ RA patients. Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition with increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant status, which will enhances WKHSURWHLQPRGL¿FDWLRQE\WKHIRUPDWLRQRISURWHLQFDUERQ\OVDQG decreased protein thiols that leads to progression of disease and its complications. The measurement of these products would be used to assess the disease severity and its complications in RA patients.

PO107

Aims and Objectives: Our aim is to analyze the markers of oxidative stress for an early approach to detect cardiovascular disease in menopausal women.

Evaluation the role of oxidative stress and nitric oxide in cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Material and Methods: The present study included 250 menopausal women with CVD as cases and 250 non CVD menopausal ZRPHQ DV FRQWUROV 7KH\ ZHUH VFUHHQHG IRU OLSLG SUR¿OH VHUXP malondialdehyde (MDA), serum LDL carbonyl protein and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD).

Shruthi Shimoga Ramesh, Rita Christopher, Bhagavatula Indira Devi1 , Dhananjaya Ishwar Bhat1. Department of Neurochemistry, 1Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.

Results: 6LJQL¿FDQW S FRUUHODWLRQ ZDV REVHUYHG EHWZHHQ MDA, LDL carbonyl content and atherogenic index of plasma $,3 LQPHQRSDXVDOZRPHQZLWK&9'DVFRPSDUHGWRPHQRSDXVDO women without CVD. Conclusion: $ VWURQJ FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ $,3 DQG WKH PDUNHUV of oxidative stress in menopausal women with CVD depicts that oxidative stress markers act as potential predictors for an early DSSURDFKWRGHWHFWFDUGLRYDVFXODUULVNDVFRPSDUHGWROLSLGSUR¿OH Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, menopausal women, atherogenic index of plasma.

123

Background: Cerebral vasospasm (CV) following aneurysmal VXEDUDFKQRLG KHPRUUKDJH D6$+ UHPDLQV D VLJQL¿FDQW VRXUFH of morbidity and mortality. CV has been observed in 70% of the aSAH patients and 30% of them develop clinical symptoms. :H K\SRWKHVL]HG WKDW LQFUHDVHG R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV DQG UHGXFHG ELRDYDLODELOLW\RIQLWULFR[LGH12 PD\FRQWULEXWHWRGHYHORSPHQW of vasospasm in aSAH patients. Aims and objectives: To determine whether altered bioavailability RI12DQGR[LGDWLYHVWUHVVLQYDVFXODUV\VWHPOHDGWRYDVRVSDVP

Ind J Clin Biochem

Methods: 250 aSAH patients and 250 age-gender matched healthy FRQWUROV ZHUH UHFUXLWHG 3ODVPD 12; OHYHO ZDV HVWLPDWHG XVLQJ Griess reagent and oxidative stress was evaluated by estimating VHUXPPDORQGLDOGHK\GH0'$ OHYHOVDQG)HUULF5HGXFLQJ$ELOLW\ RI 3ODVPD )5$3 0DQQ:KLWQH\ WHVW ZDV XVHG WR FRPSDUH WKH SODVPD12;0'$DQG)5$3OHYHOVEHWZHHQFDVHVDQGFRQWUROV Results: 3ODVPD 12[ OHYHOV ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ORZHUHG LQ aSAH patients (22.29±0.84 μmol/L) when compared to controls PRO/ 7KHUH ZDV D VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH LQ WKH )5$3 OHYHOV PRO/FDVHV DQG PRO/ FRQWUROV EHWZHHQFDVHVDQGFRQWUROV3ODVPD12[OHYHODQG)5$3 level was further reduced in patients who developed vasospasm. 0'$ OHYHOV ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQFUHDVHG LQ D6$+ SDWLHQWV ZKHQ compare to controls. (0.4006±0.01 μmol/L cases and 0.3419±0.02 μmol/L in controls). Conclusion: 12 LV RQH RI WKH PDUNHUV IRU YDVFXODU HQGRWKHOLDO IXQFWLRQ0'$DQG)5$3DUHLQGLFDWRUVRIR[LGDWLYHVWUHVV3ODVPD VHUXP FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI 12 0'$ DQG )5$3 FRXOG EH XVHG DV biomarkers to predict the onset of vasospasm in aSAH patients.

PO108 Assessment of serum vaspin levels among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with or without acute coronary syndrome JS Aswathy1, Prashant S Adole1, MuktaWyawahare2, Rama PrakashaSaya3 Department of 1Biochemistr and 2Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India; 3 Department of Medicine,Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Natekal, Mangalore, India. Introduction7\SHGLDEHWHVPHOOLWXVLVRQWKHYHUJHRIEHFRPLQJ a pandemic in India. Type 2 diabetes mellitus are known to have two to four times increased risk of carotid artery disease.Adipokines have been regarded recently as direct link between diabetes and atherosclerosis. Visceral adipose tissue derived serine protease LQKLELWRU9$63,1 RQHRIWKHPRUHUHFHQWO\GLVFRYHUHGDGLSRNLQH inhibits the proteases responsible for insulin resistance, carotid plaque development and rupture. In literature, few studies had addressed the role of vaspin in pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aims and Objectives: To identify association between serum YDVSLQZLWKOLSLGSUR¿OHFUHDWLQHNLQDVHWRWDOFUHDWLQHNLQDVH0% troponin-I, age, height, weight, blood pressure, smoking, family history of acute coronary syndrome and to prove the hypothesis of low serum vaspin level as predictor of acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: )RUW\ RQH W\SH GLDEHWHV PHOOLWXV patients (controls) and 41 of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome (cases) were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric measurements were performed and fasting serum biochemical parameters and vaspin were measured.The data was UHFRUGHG DQG DQDO\VHG RQ 6366 V\VWHP 7KH UHVXOWV RI FDVHV DQG FRQWUROVZHUHFRPSDUHGE\VWXGHQWWWHVWRU0DQQ±:KLWQH\WHVW$OO WKH SDUDPHWHUV ZHUH FRUUHODWHG ZLWK VHUXP YDVSLQ E\ 3HDUVRQ¶V RU Spearman’s correlation.

Results: )DVWLQJ VHUXP YDVSLQ FRQFHQWUDWLRQ ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ 3 ORZHULQWKHFDVHVSJPO WKDQLQWKHFRQWUROV (0.83 ± 0.29 pg/ml). Correlation analyses undertaken on all type 2 diabetes mellitus showed serum vaspin concentration was negatively correlated with age, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, duration of diabetes, serum &.7RWDO&.0%DQGXUHD3 8WLOL]LQJ5HFHLYHURSHUDWLQJ characteristic curve, the serum vaspin level of less than 0.594 pg/ ml showed greatest risk of acute coronary syndrome among type 2 GLDEHWHVPHOOLWXVSDWLHQWV3 Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with low serum vaspin concentration were at risk of acute coronary syndrome independent of other cardiovascular risk factors.

PO109 0XOWLSOH $F\O &R$ GHK\GURJHQDVH GH¿FLHQF\ (MADD)/glutaric acidemia type II: the most common fatty acid oxidation disorder detected in the metabolic laboratory at NIMHANS Archana Natarajan, 1Rita Christopher, 2Sadanandavalli Retnaswami Chandra. 1 Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Neurochemistry, 2Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka 1

Introduction: )DWW\ DFLG R[LGDWLRQ GLVRUGHUV )$2 DUH JHQHWLF metabolic disorders resulting in failure of ?-oxidation or transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria. Multiple Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase GH¿FLHQF\ 0$'' DOVR NQRZQ DV *$ 7\SH ,, LVDVVRFLDWHG ZLWK D GH¿FLHQF\ RI VHYHUDO PLWRFKRQGULDO GHK\GURJHQDVHV WKDW XWLOL]H )ODYLQ$GHQLQH 'LQXFOHRWLGH )$' DV D FRIDFWRU ,W LV FDXVHG GXH to a mutation in the genes, ETFA, ETFB, and ETFDH. This disorder FDQEHLGHQWL¿HGE\HOHYDWLRQRIPXOWLSOHDF\OFDUQLWQHVLQWKHEORRG Aims and Objectives: 2XU VWXG\ DLPHG DWLGHQWLI\LQJ )$2 E\ PHDVXULQJ VSHFL¿F DF\OFDUQLWLQHV E\ WDQGHP PDVV VSHFWURPHWU\ LQ GULHGEORRGVSRWVFROOHFWHGRQD¿OWHUSDSHU Materials and Methods: 3mm dried blood spots were punched out IURPWKH¿OWHUSDSHUDQGDF\OFDUQLWLQHVDQGIUHHFDUQLWLQHZHUH estimated by an LC-MS/MS. Results : 2I WKH SDWLHQWV WHVWHG WLOO GDWH FDVHV RI )$2 ZHUH LGHQWL¿HG 7KH PRVW FRPPRQ )$2 ZDV 0$'' FDVHV 3DWLHQWV ZLWK 0$'' VKRZHG HOHYDWLRQRI & & & & DQG & DF\OFDUQLWLQHV 7KH FOLQLFDO ¿QGLQJV LQFOXGHG VHYHUH DFLGRVLV hypoglycemia, muscle weakness, hepatomegaly, hypotonia, mental retardation and seizures. Urine organic acid analysis showed elevation of 2-hydroxy glutaric acid. Conclusion: 0$'' LV WKH PRVW FRPPRQ )$2 LGHQWL¿HG DW 1,0+$16E\WDQGHPPDVVVSHFWURPHWU\1HZERUQVFUHHQLQJE\ tandem mass spectrometry can identify cases of MADD at an early stage for further management.

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PO110 Serum adenosine deaminase activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with subclinical LQÀDPPDWLRQLQVXOLQUHVLVWDQFHDQGK\SHUJO\FHPLD Senthil Kumar GP1, Saranya Sankar1, Kadhiravan T2 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2 Department of Medicine, JIPMER, Puducherry. Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Several studies demonstrated that serum Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is elevated in type 2 DM. Aims and objective: The present study was conducted to estimate the activity of serum ADA in newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients DQGWRFRUUHODWHZLWKLQVXOLQUHVLVWDQFHDQGVXEFOLQLFDOLQÀDPPDWLRQ Materials and methods: 40 newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients were selected as cases and 40 age and gender matched healthy individual were selected as control. Routine biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, urea and creatinine were estimated in serum. Serum ADA, Insulin, Glycated Hemoglobin, C-reactive protein and Homeostatic Model AssessmentInsulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were also estimated. Result:+E$FLVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQFDVHVWKDQFRQWUROV$'$ &53LQVXOLQDQG+20$,5OHYHOVZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQFDVHV FRPSDUHG WR FRQWUROV $'$ VKRZV VLJQL¿FDQW SRVLWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ ZLWK)%6LQVXOLQ+20$,5&537&+27*/DQG9/'/

of Medical Sciences, Tirupati were taken as cases along with thirty age and sex matched healthy individuals. Total proteins, albumin, total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin, liver enzymes such as Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate amino transferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), were measured by standard methods using commercially available kits in Beckman synchron CX9 Autoanalyser. Results: Among the liver enzymes studied, ALT, and GGT levels ZHUHIRXQGWREHVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQSDWLHQWVZLWK7'0ZKHQ FRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROVS DQGUHVSHFWLYHO\ 7RWDOSURWHLQ OHYHOVZHUHIRXQGWREHVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHULQSDWLHQWVZLWK7'0 ZKHQFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROVS Conclusion: Elevated liver enzymes were found in patients with T2DM. Hence early screening of liver enzymes like ALT, GGT were better indicators for diagnosis of fatty liver, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and acute hepatic failure in T2DM.

PO112 (IIHFWVRIPRGHUDWHDOFRKROFRQVXPSWLRQRQR[LGDWLYH VWUHVV $WWHHTXH 85 5HKPDQ 0 +DUODSXU 6KDVKLNDQW 9 1LNDP 3DGPDMD61LNDP$QDQG3\DWL %HODJDYL,QVWLWXWHRI0HGLFDO6FLHQFHV%HODJDYL.DUQDWDND

2

Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major health problem worldwide. Increased hepatocellular glycogen accumulation and excess free fatty acids that occurs in condition of hyperglycemia were found to be directly toxic to the hepatocytes and might result in the leakage and elevation of aminotransferases, ultimately leading to liver disorders. Thus the study taken up to study the liver function parameters in T2DM patients.

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ÀFDQWO\ HOHYDWHGOHYHOVRI0'$S LQSDUWLFLSDQWVFRQVXPLQJPO RI ZKLVN\ QPROPO DQG PO RI UXP QPROPO FRPSDUHGWRWKRVHFRQVXPLQJPORIZKLVN\QPROPO DQG PO RI UXP QPROPO :KLOH WKH DFWLYLWLHV RI HQ]\PDWLF DQWLR[LGDQWVZHUHVLJQLÀ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

Methodology: Thirty patients diagnosed as T2DM attending the Endocrinology outpatient department of Sri Venkateswara Institute

.H\ZRUGV $OFRKRO FRQVXPSWLRQ R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV DQG HQ]\PDWLF DQWLR[LGDQWV

Conclusion: Our results suggest that Serum ADA activity might be a predictive marker of insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 DM.

PO111 Liver enzymes in Type 2 diabetes mellitus B. Pradeep1, MM Suchitra1, K.V.S. Kiranmayi1, T. Sasikala1, Alok Sachan2. Department of Biochemistry, 2Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, S.V. Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andra Pradesh. 1

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PO113 Associations among insulin resistance, TAG/HDL ratio and thyroid hormone levels – a study on Type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese and overweight subjects Background: Obesity and diabetes mellitus are two modern epidemics. In recent years, Thyroid abnormalities have also been documented as a co morbidity in Insulin resistance. Isolated reports are available with reference to thyroid abnormalities, Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, but several are in equivocal. TAG/HDL ratio could serve as a surrogate PDUNHUIRU/'/SDUWLFOHVL]HVPDOOGHQVH :HXQGHUWRRNWKHVWXG\WR evaluate associations among insulin resistance, TAG/HDL ratio and thyroid hormone levels with a view to possibly arrive at a biochemical SUHGLFWRULQWKHOLJKWRI,QVXOLQUHVLVWDQFH)XUWKHUPRUHZHDUULYHGDW biochemical predictors that could forewarn not only the magnitude of Insulin resistance but also thyroid co morbidity. These results form the crux of the present study. Methods: A total number of 93 T2DM patients of both sexes recruited from Mahatma Gandhi medical college and research institute during the latter half of 2015 were enrolled in this study. The cardio-metabolic risk factors were assessed through , body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting serum glucose and lipid SUR¿OHJO\FRV\ODWHGKHPRJORELQDQGKRPHRVWDVLVPRGHODVVHVVPHQW of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum free T4, T3 and TSH were also measured to assess the thyroid comorbidity as a function of insulin resistance. Results: In overweight diabetic patients, the ROC curve analyses demonstrated that the best marker for insulin resistance was triglyceride TG&TG/HDL with the areas under the ROC curve of DQGUHVSHFWLYHO\7ZDVOHVVVLJQL¿FDQWZKHQFRPSDUHG to TG and TG/HDL marker for insulin resistance (cut off value for HOMA-IR 2.69) with areas under the ROC curve of 0.583, but T3, T4 LVPRUHVLJQL¿FDQWLQREHVHJURXSZLWK52&7KHRSWLPDO FXWRIISRLQWVRI7*77$*+'/ZDVDPDUNHU for predicting insulin resistance in overweight diabetic patients and TC 7*77LQREHVHJURXS Conclusions 7*+'/ FDQ EH XVHG DV D XVHIXO PDUNHU IRU LQVXOLQ resistance in Type 2 diabetic patients, especially for overweight diabetic patients. Keywords: Obesity; Type 2 diabetes; Thyroid hormones; Cardio metabolic factors.

PO114 &OLQLFDO VHQVLWLYLW\ DQG VSHFL¿FLW\ RI +20$,5 A study on insulin resistance in obese and overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Jayanthi R1, Srinivasan AR1, Niranjan G1 , Hanifah M2 Department of Biochemistry, Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondy Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry.

resistance and dyslipidemia, but several are equivocal. TAG/HDL ratio could serve as a surrogate marker for LDL particle size (small GHQVH :H XQGHUWRRN D VWXG\ WR HYDOXDWH DVVRFLDWLRQV DPRQJ insulin resistance, TAG/HDL ratio and thyroid hormone levels with a view to possibly arrive at biochemical predictors in the light of ,QVXOLQUHVLVWDQFH)XUWKHUPRUHZHZDQWHGWRDUULYHDWELRFKHPLFDO predictors that could indicate not only the magnitude of Insulin resistance but also forewarn thyroid co morbidity. These results form the crux of the present study. Methods: A total number of 93 T2DM patients of both genders recruited from Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research institute during the latter half of 2015 were enrolled for this study. The cardio-metabolic risk factors were assessed through body mass LQGH[%0, EORRGSUHVVXUHIDVWLQJVHUXPJOXFRVHDQGOLSLGSUR¿OH glycated hemoglobin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum free T4, T3 and TSH were also measured to assess the thyroid comorbidity in insulin resistance. Results: In overweight diabetic patients, the ROC curve analyses demonstrated that the best marker for insulin resistance was triglyceride TG&TG/HDL with the areas under the ROC curve being DQGUHVSHFWLYHO\7ZDVOHVVVLJQL¿FDQWZKHQFRPSDUHG to TG and TG/HDL marker for insulin resistance (cut off value for HOMA-IR 2.69) with area under the ROC curve being 0.583, but T3, 7ZDVPRUHVLJQL¿FDQWLQREHVHJURXSZLWKWKHDUHDXQGHUFXUYHV EHLQJ DQG 7KH RSWLPDO FXWRII SRLQWV RI 7* 77$*+'/ZHUHIRUSUHGLFWLQJLQVXOLQUHVLVWDQFHLQ RYHUZHLJKWGLDEHWLFSDWLHQWVDQG7&7*7 7LQWKHREHVHJURXS Conclusions: Lipid ratio, namely TAG/HDL, a surrogate marker of small dense LDL, Thyroid hormones and Insulin resistance ( HOMAIR) could be included in the armamentarium of clinical chemistry tests in the management of insulin resistance associated thyroid FRPRUELGLW\LQRYHUZHLJKWDQGREHVHW\SHGLDEHWLFV)XUWKHUPRUH this could also pave the way for the therapeutic inclusion of thyroid receptor ligands to alleviate insulin resistance as well as thyroid comorbidity. Keywords: Obesity; Type 2 diabetes; Thyroid hormones; Cardio metabolic factors.

PO115 Incidence of undiagnosed hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes in obese young adults with sedentary habits Indu Saxena1, Manoj Kumar2, Navita Purohit3 1 Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. 2Department of Physiology, TSM Medical College, Amausi, Lucknow, UP. 3Centre for Rehabilitation, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra.

1

2

Background: Obesity and diabetes mellitus are two modern epidemics. In recent years, Thyroid abnormalities have also been documented as a co morbidity in Insulin resistance. Isolated reports are available with reference to thyroid abnormalities, Insulin

Background and Objectives: 1RQFRPPXQLFDEOHGLVHDVHV1&'V are rapidly becoming the leading causes of disability and death. $QQXDOLQFRPHORVVIURP1&'VDPRQJZRUNLQJDGXOWVLQ,QGLDZDV Rs251 billion in 2004, and is constantly increasing. Obesity is often the underlying cause in hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes PHOOLWXV3RSXODWLRQEDVHG SUHYHQWLRQ VWUDWHJLHV KDYH KLJK LPSDFW are cost-effective and are likely to be sustainable in the long term. This study was aimed at identifying the hypertensive, dyslipidemic,

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and diabetic individuals from the obese and sedentary young adults enrolled in institutes of higher education. Methodology:2EHVH\RXQJDGXOWVDJH\HDUV ZLWK%0,! NJP DQG RYHUZHLJKW LQGLYLGXDOV ZLWK ZDLVW FLUFXPIHUHQFH ! LQFK LQ PDOHV DQG ! LQFK LQ IHPDOHV ZHUH LGHQWL¿HG RQ YLVLWLQJ institutes of higher education. Their blood pressure was recorded, and fasting blood samples were collected for estimation of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and glucose. Results: A total of 736 subjects (303 females) participated in this study. 160 Male (37%) and 119 female (39.3%) subjects were obese or with waist circumference higher than desired. Of these, 44 (27.5%) males and 28 (23.5%) females werepre-hypertensive or hypertensive; 48 (30%) males and 30 (25.2%) females had dyslipidemia; 11 (6.9%) males and 5 (4.2%) females had impaired fasting glucose; and 2 (1.25%) males were diabetic. Hypertension was also observed in 52 individuals (31 males) with normal BMI and waist circumference. Conclusion: Since none of these volunteers was aware of his/ her condition, they were advised to consult a physician immediately and make lifestyle changes. This study shows the presence of XQGLDJQRVHG1&'VLQ\RXQJDGXOWV+LJK/'/OHYHOVZHUHREVHUYHG in normal, hypertensive, and overweight individuals, contrary to our expectations. It is essential to identify such high risk persons as early as possible and monitor them regularly to delay or prevent future complications.

PO116 Association between genetic variations in beta cell function genes glycemic control in gestational diabetes mellitus M.Lenin, *R. Ramesh, # Seetesh Ghose, * A. R. Srinivasan * Department of Biochemistry, #Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pilliyarkuppam, Puducherry, India. *

Introduction: As India becoming the diabetic capital of world, in pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes mellitus are increasing in numbers. Genes related to impaired beta cell functions VXFKDV.&147&)/DQG.&1-FRPPRQO\SOD\DUHLPSRUWDQW role in the pathogenesis of T2DM and GDM. Several studies have shown associations between genetic variations in beta cell function genes GDM and T2DM. Since both have similar pathophysiology PHFKDQLVPRXUREMHFWLYHZDVWRVWXG\WKH613VDVVRFLDWHGZLWKEHWD cell function among GDM patients. Aim: 7R ¿QG RXW WKH DVVRFLDWLRQ RI WKH EHWD FHOO IXQFWLRQ JHQV variations and glycemic control in GDM. Methodology: Our study genotyped the rs2237892, rs7903146, rs5219 SNPs RI EHWD FHOO IXQFWLRQV JHQHV DQDO\VHG E\$503&5 PHWKRGV +E$F ZDV DQDO\VHG E\ +3/& PHWKRGV *OXFRVH ZDV DQDO\VHGE\,)&&DSSURYHGPHWKRGVLQKHDOWK\SUHJQDQWZRPHQ and equal number of women with GDM. Result: The frequencies of genotypes and allele type of rs790314 in TCF7L2DQGUVLQ.&1-ZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\GLIIHUHQWLQ*'0 PRWKHUV3 WKHrs2237892 was not associated with increased risk of developing GDM. Conclusion: The genetic polymorphism of rs7903146 in TCF7L2, rs5219 in KCNJ11 are associated with an increased risk of developing GDM. rs2237892 in KCNQ1 is not associated with GDM.

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PO117 Correlation of serum ferritin, folate and iron with CD4 levels in HIV seropositive anaemic women Kharb S, Kumawat M, Lallar M*, Ghalaut PS+, Nanda S* Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology*, Medicine+ Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak

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erum ferritin, folate and iron levels were compared with CD4 levels in HIV seropositive anaemic women in the present study. Study samples were drawn from one hundred seropositive females (age 18-25 years) attending ART clinic after routine gynaecological and haematological investigations. Serum iron, folate and ferritin were analysed by chemiluminiscence technique and CD4 count was GHWHUPLQHGE\XVLQJÀRZF\WRPHWU\$QHPLDZDVSUHYDOHQWLQ+,9 seropositive women more so in women with low CD4 levels. Hb was positively correlated with serum iron, folate, ferritin,and CD4 count. Also, CD4 counts were positively correlated with serum iron, IRODWHDQGIHUULWLQ7KH¿QGLQJVRIWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\VXJJHVWWKDWWKHVH patients should have a regular monitoring of their folate and ferritin levels especially in those with lower CD4 levels before starting iron supplementation for anaemia.

PO118 Thyroid dysfunction in a rural region of North Kerala, India - its association with dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus Sangeetha V Joice, Rebecca Abraham, Dinesh, Beena Kumari Malabar Medical College, Calicut, Kerala Introduction: The total burden of thyroid disorders in India is 42 million. Sex, age, ethnic and geographical factors affect its prevalence. Thyroid disorders adversely affects lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. As there is a paucity of data from this region of kerala our principle aim was (i) to assess the thyroid status of this region and (ii) to study the relationship of thyroid dysfunction with dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus Material and Methods: 650 subjects attending the “Sampoorna $URJ\D3URMHFW´RIWKHKRVSLWDOIRUPHGSDUWRIWKHVWXG\JURXS7KHLU ages ranged from 20-80 yrs, the highest being in the age group 4554yrs. 53.4% were males and 46.6% females. Assessment of thyroid status indicated that 2% of the total population was hyperthyroid and 8.6% hypothyroid. Interestingly a higher percentage (53.8%) of hyperthyroids and 71.4 % of hypothyroids were females.32% of hypothyroids belonged to the age group 45-54 years and 46% of hyper-thyroids belonged to the age group 34-44 years. Results: There was no association between TSH levels and economic VWDWXVGLHWDQGOLIHVW\OH7KHUHZDVKRZHYHUDVLJQL¿FDQWFRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ 76+ OHYHOV DQG JHQGHU 3 DQG 76+ OHYHOV DQG RFFXSDWLRQ3 7KHWRWDOFKROHVWHUROOHYHOVZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\ increased in the hypothyroid group whereas the LDL cholesterol was VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQFUHDVHG LQ ERWK WKH K\SRWK\URLG DQG K\SHUWK\URLG groups. Diabetes was seen in 13.9 % subjects (8.2% males, 5.7% females) whereas 8.3 % of subjects (5.5% Males, 2.8% females) had impaired glucose function.

Ind J Clin Biochem

Conclusion: In conclusion hypothyroidism is predominantly present amongst women in this region. Changes in TSH levels were associated with changes in cholesterol and LDL levels. Early screening can prevent cardiovascular outcomes and progression of impaired glucose function to diabetes mellitus.

PDUNHU IRU GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH H[WHQW RI LQÀDPPDWLRQ 5DLVHG VHUXP cholesterol and a decreased HDL are seen in T2D patients and the cholesterol/HDL ratio can be anuseful determinant risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD).

PO119

Aim: To investigate the association between proteinuria caused by GLDEHWLFQHSKURSDWK\DQGDGYHUVHOLSLGSUR¿OHDVDFRQVHTXHQFHDQG WRDQDO\]HLQÀDPPDWRU\PDUNHUKV&53

Correlation of plasma aminogram with blood `-Hydroxy butyrate- acetoacetate ratio

Materials and Method: 30diabetic patients with high risk CHD ZKLFK SUHVHQWHG ZLWK SURJUHVVLYH SURWHLQXULD DQG HOHYDWHG KV&53 were included in this study.

Prajna P Shetty1, Nalini .K2*, Madhuri .K.S3, Nalinibhaskarananda Kumar4, Pragna Rao5 1,2,3,5

Department of Biochemistry, 4Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal. Introduction: Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders (RCD) are observed frequently in children affected with IEM disorders. So thepresent study was planned to develop additional biochemical test to the existing screening panel that involved Blood ammonia, /DFWDWH3\UXYDWHUDWLR Blood beta-hydroxy butyrate-acetoacetate ratio (BA ratio) is an expression of the mitochondrial oxido-reduction state and altered SODVPDDPLQRDFLGSUR¿OHLVDPHWDEROLFFRQVHTXHQFHRILPSDLUPHQWV in the electron transport chain in mitochondria.Our study intends WR FRUUHODWH %$ UDWLR ZLWK SODVPD DPLQRDFLG SUR¿OH WR DQDO\]H theassociated impairment in aminoacid metabolism Aims and objectives: 7R ¿QG WKH FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ SODVPD aminogram and BA ratio in preliminary screening of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. Materials and Methods: Study included pediatriccases of suspected mitochondrial RCD from Kasturba Hospital. BA ratio was estimated XVLQJHQ]\PDWLFVSHFWURSKRWRPHWULFPHWKRGDQG3ODVPDDPLQRDFLG SUR¿OLQJE\53+3/&XVLQJ23$GHULYLWD]DWLRQRIWKHVDPSOH Results and Conclusion:6WXG\FRUUHODWHGSODVPDDPLQRDFLGSUR¿OH with BA ratio in suspected mitochondrial RCD. Our study result suggests that aminogram and BA ratio with the existing screening panel is usefulfor the differential diagnosis of RCD. Alsothis study helps in understanding the metabolic status and the possible dietary LQWHUYHQWLRQV ZKLFK FRXOG EH IROORZHG LQ WKH FRQ¿UPHG SRVLWLYH cases of RCD.

Result:8ULQHSURWHLQFRQFHQWUDWLRQZDV PJGODQGKV&53 was 7.8(0.5, 185.3)mg/L, expressed in median interqaurtile range. Serum total protein(6.98±0.74g/dl), total cholesterol(166.03±41.89 mg/dl), HDL(40.29±15.62 mg/dl), LDL(95.32±36.86 mg/dl), )%*PJGO DQGWRWDOFKRO+'/UDWLR ZHUH H[SUHVVHG LQ PHDQ6' &RUUHODWLRQ FRHI¿FLHQW EHWZHHQ KV&53 ZLWK /'/ VKRZHG VLJQL¿FDQW SRVLWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ ZLWK U DQG S ,QFUHDVHKV&53DVZHOODV/'/SURDWKHURVFOHURWLFIDFWRU and their positive correlation were evident in our investigation. A chol/ +'/UDWLR!VKRZVDKLJKHUULVNIRU&+',QRXUVWXG\LQGLYLGXDO analysis showed some patients have moderate risk factor (7.1-11). Conclusion: This study shows Type 2 diabetes is at increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) with increased chol/HDL ratio. ,PPHGLDWH PHGLFDO LQWHUYHQWLRQ DQG OLIH VW\OH PRGL¿FDWLRQ PD\ decrease the probability of CHD.

PO121 A correlation between serum malondialdehyde and erythrocyte l-cysteine uptake in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Simi, Gorachand Bhattacharya, Arati Mukherjee Department of Biochemistry MGM Medical College, Kishanganj, Bihar.

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KURQLF 2EVWUXFWLYH 3XOPRQDU\ 'LVHDVH &23' RFFXUV GXH WR airway obstruction and is a major health problem throughout the world. The possible reasons for obstruction may be due to LQÀDPPDWLRQVPRRWKPXVFOHK\SHUWURSK\VPDOODLUZD\OLQLQJÀXLG change,airway mucus gland hyperplasia and mucus accumulation ZLWKLQOXPHQ,QFLGHQFHRILQFUHDVHGR[LGDWLYHVWUHVVLQ&23'KDV been reported.

PO120

$QWLR[LGDQW GHIHQVHLQ OXQJV IDOOV LQ &23' 6PRNLQJ DQG RWKHU FDXVHVRIWKH&23'DUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUSURGXFWLRQRIR[LGDQWV

HsCRP level in Type 2 diabetes presented with DGYHUVHOLSLGSUR¿OHDQGSURWHLQXULD

Aim and Objective: To measure serum MDA and erythrocyte OF\VWHLQH XSWDNH LQ &23' VXEMHFWV ZLWK DQ DLP WR HVWDEOLVK WKHLU UHODWLRQVKLSLQ&23'

Cleeta Rebeiro, Vinutha R Bhat, Padmanabha Udupa, Krishnananda Prabhu Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal.

Material and Method:7RWDOVXEMHFWVRI&23'DQGFRQWUROV were selected. Serum MDA was measured by method of Dahle LK et al and erythrocyte l-cysteine uptake was measured by method of
Introduction,QW\SHGLDEHWHVPHOOLWXV7' K\SHUJO\FHPLDDQG high blood pressure, causes damage in nephrons which breakdowns the glomerular capillary-blood barrier resulting in proteinuria. 'LDEHWHVOHDGVWRLQÀDPPDWLRQRIWKHEORRGYHVVHOVZKLFKUHVXOWLQ LQÀDPPDWLRQ+LJKVHQVLWLYH&UHDFWLYHSURWHLQKV&53 LVDXVHIXO

Result: :H REVHUYHG VLJQL¿FDQW FKDQJHV LQ HU\WKURF\WH OF\VWHLQH uptake and serum MDA levels. Conclusion: Serum MDA level was high and Erythrocyte l-cysteine XSWDNH ZDV GHFUHDVHG LQ &23' VXEMHFWVDV FRPSDUHG WR FRQWURO group.

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PO122 Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and vitamin D LQVXI¿FLHQF\LQSDWLHQWVZLWKWK\URLGGLVRUGHUV Ravinder Kaur*, Rajesh Sharma*, Rajinder Singh Yadav** * Department of Biochemistry, **Department of Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College Kangra (H.P.). Background: Endocrine disorders are on the rise world over. Diseases of thyroid gland are among the most prevalent endocrine disorders in the world, second only to diabetes mellitus. Thyroid diseases are more prevalent in the sub Himalayan region even in post iodination phase. In India, autoimmune thyroid disorders have been estimated to be the most frequent endocrine disorders. Aim: To assess the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and vitamin ' LQVXI¿FLHQF\ LQ SDWLHQWV ZLWK WK\URLG GLVRUGHUV DW D WHUWLDU\ FDUH FHQWUHRI+LPDFKDO3UDGHVK Methodology: Thyroid function tests (T3, T4, TSH) along with anti thyroperoxidase antibody (ATA) were done by CLIA and vitamin D levels were done by ELISA, after serum separation of 120 subjects. Study population comprised of patients above 18 years of age, who were advised thyroid function tests by the clinicians on an outpatient EDVLV3DWLHQWVZKRZHUHFULWLFDOO\LOOZHUHH[FOXGHGIURPWKHVWXG\ $7$OHYHO!X,8POZDVWDNHQDVSRVLWLYHDQG9LWDPLQ'QJPO ZHUHWDNHQDVLQVXI¿FLHQW Results: Mean age of study population was 42.48 (± 12.32) years. )RUW\ K\SRWK\URLG DQG IRUW\ K\SHUWK\URLG DQG IRUW\ FRQWUROV ZHUH recruited. ATA positivity was reported in 52.5% (63/120) of the VDPSOHV 1LQHW\ WZR SHUFHQW ZHUH IRXQG WR EH 9LWDPLQ ' GH¿FLHQWDPRQJ$7$SRVLWLYHV7KHUHZDVDVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQW positive association between thyroid autoimmunity and Vitamin D LQVXI¿FLHQF\25 SYDOXH Conclusion: )XUWKHU LQWHUYHQWLRQ VWXGLHV PD\ EH FDUULHG RXW WR DVVHVVWKHUROHRILQVXI¿FLHQF\RI9LWDPLQ'LQGHYHORSPHQWRIDXWR immune thyroid disorders.

PO123 Effect of lifestyle factors on antioxidant levels in apparently healthy individuals R.Harini, ArunaKumari Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre Introduction: Health status of an individual is a big debate question RZLQJWRWKHPXOWLSOHIDFWRUVLQFOXGLQJOLIHVW\OHFKRLFHVLQÀXHQFLQJ it,causing internal metabolism derangement even in very young age leading to chronic diseases later on in life. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have etio-pathological role in evolving of many diseases especially chronic diseases.To evaluate the exact health status using a biomarker like serum antioxidant is the purpose of this study.

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Aims and Objectives:7RHYDOXDWHWKHLQÀXHQFHRIOLIHVW\OHIDFWRUV RQOHYHOVRIDQWLR[LGDQWV&RHQ]\PH4DQG8ULFDFLGLQDSSDUHQWO\ healthy individuals. Materials and Methodology: This is a cross sectional observational study where 104 Healthy individuals from Maduranthagam of age 20-30 years were selected and evaluated to eliminate any disease WKDW FDQ LQÀXHQFH DQWLR[LGDQW OHYHOV 7KHQ WKH\ ZHUH VXEMHFWHG WR VHOIDGPLQLVWHUHG VWUXFWXUHG SUH YDOLGDWHG UHOLDEOH VSHFL¿F independent questionnaires with closed ended questions to evaluate the lifestyle factors like age,gender,physicalactivity,stresslevel,diet,s ocio-economic and environmental,smoking,alcohol and BMI in their preferred language. Then fresh heparinised venous samples were collected and processed aliquoted and stored at -80oC. estimation RI&RHQ]\PH4XVLQJ+LJK3HUIRUPDQFHOLTXLGFKURPDWRJUDSK\ XVLQJVLQJOHGLOXWLRQPHWKRGDQG8ULFDFLGE\8ULFDVH3DSPHWKRG was done. Results: &RUUHODWLRQDQGUHJUHVVLRQDQDO\VLVVKRZHG&RHQ]\PH4 (470±59)positively correlated with diet, smoking, and negatively correlated with socioeconomic, BMI. Uric acid (5.9±1.27) positively correlated with age, alcohol and BMI and negatively correlated with physical activity, socioeconomic, smokingwith (p<0.01) VLJQL¿FDQFH Conclusion: Based on these relationships it can be concluded that antioxidants can be used as bio markers to predict health status of an individual.

PO124 P-selectin, a possible predictor of disease progression in severe dengue infection Daisy Mariya Samadanam I 1, Soundravally R 1, Agiesh Kumar B2, Kadhiravan T, 3 Narayanan P 4 1 Department of Biochemistry, 3Department of Medicine, 4Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry. 2 Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute Campus, Puducherry. Introduction: Dengue, a mosquito born viral infection remains a major global health concern since last decades. Thrombocytopenia has always been considered as the potential indicator of clinical severity in dengue infection. Increased amount of platelet activation and apoptosis have been listed as the possible cause of thrombocytopenia and other clinical consequences seen during severe dengue infection. Aims and Objectives: we aimed to study the degree of platelet activation by assessing p–Selectin, a glycoprotein in platelets which is being expressed on its surface during activation. Our objectives were (i) to assess p-Selectin expression in dengue infected individuals DQGWRFRPSDUHZLWKWKDWRIRWKHUIHEULOHLOOQHVV2), DQGKHDOWK\ controls, (ii) to correlate with platelet count and platelet indices, (iii) to correlate with disease severity.

Ind J Clin Biochem

Materials and Methods: 3DWLHQWVZLWKGHQJXHLQIHFWLRQRWKHUIHEULOH illness and healthy controls were included in the study. Dengue cases ZHUHFRQ¿UPHGE\SRVLWLYLW\IRU16DQWLJHQ,J0RU,J*DQWLERGLHV Samples were collected at the day of admission, at the day around defervescence and day around convalescence. p-Selectin expression ZDVDQDO\]HGXVLQJÀRZF\WRPHWU\)$&6&DOLEXU%' Results::HIRXQGWKDW'HQJXHLQIHFWHGSODWHOHWVVKRZHGLQFUHDVHG DFWLYDWLRQWKDQ2),DQGKHDOWK\FRQWUROVDWDOOWKHWKUHHWLPHSRLQWV :LWKLQWKHQRQVHYHUHGHQJXHFDVHVS6HOHFWLQH[SUHVVLRQZDVIRXQG to be increased around defervescence than admission samples and observed to be decreased around convalescence period than at the day RIDGPLVVLRQS DQGGHIHUYHVFHQFHS ,QVHYHUH dengue cases, p-Selectin expression was found to be increased even at the convalescence state which indicates that there is a possibility of disease progression. Correlation analysis showed no correlation between p-Selectin expression, platelet count and platelet indices. Conclusion: p-Selectin may serve as a possible predictor for disease progression in severe dengue infection.

PO125 ,VFKHPLD PRGL¿HG DOEXPLQ OHYHOV LQ GLDEHWLF prediabetic and normal individuals. Priya Patil1, Sukanya Shetty 2 Department of Biochemistry K S Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Mangalore Background: ,VFKHPLD PRGL¿HG DOEXPLQ ,0$ LV UHFHQWO\ EHLQJ the upcoming biomarker for many disease which are interlinked with oxidative stress and ischemia, like MI, pulmonary embolism, peripheral arterial diseases, diabetes , liver cirrhosis, stroke etc. IMA also being the marker of oxidative stress can be detected early in subjects for knowing the progression of the diseases. Aim and objectives: To determine the levels of IMA among the type 2 DM patients, prediabetic and normal individuals. Methodology: Study design: Cross sectional study Setting: K S Hegde Charitable Hospital, Mangalore. Method of analysis: IMA estimation by Albumin cobalt binding method Sample size: 75 (25 in each group) Statistical analysis: Results are expressed in percentage and mean ± standard deviation.p- Value <0.05 was considered statistically VLJQL¿FDQW Results: ,0$OHYHOVZHUHIRXQGEHVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVHGLQGLDEHWHV SDWLHQWVZKHQFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROJURXS:KHUHDV,0$OHYHOVZHUH LQFUHDVHGEXWQRWVLJQL¿FDQWLQSUHGLDEHWLFJURXSZKHQFRPSDUHGWR control group. Conclusion: The study showed that though there is increase in IMA level in prediabetic subjects it alone has no weightage in treating the patient.

PO126 Correlation between high sensitivity c reactive protein, glycosylated hemoglobin in Type 2 diabetes presented with glucosuria Sowndarya K, Vinutha R Bhat, Padmanabha Krishnananda Prabhu Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical Manipal,Manipal University, Manipal.

Udupa, College

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with inappropriate K\SHUJO\FHPLD HLWKHU GXH WR DQ DEVROXWH RU UHODWLYH GH¿FLHQF\ RI insulin secretion or an reduction in the biological effectiveness of LQVXOLQ RU ERWKKV&53 LV D ELRPDUNHU RI VXEFOLQLFDO LQÀDPPDWLRQ and is associated with atherosclerosis, CVD, diabetes mellitus type 2, stroke, kidney disease and increased levels of cholesterol. +LJKHUFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIKV&53LVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKLQFUHDVHGULVNRI type 2 diabetes development in patients with all levels of metabolic syndrome.Glycosylated hemoglobin measures the percentage of haemoglobin bound to glucose.Glucose binds to A1c form of hemoglobin by the process called glycosylation and the amount ERXQGUHÀHFWVWKHEORRGJOXFRVHGXULQJWKHSDVWDYHUDJHGD\VOLIH span of red cells. Aim and objective: Aim of this study was to correlate between KLJK VHQVLWLYLW\ & UHDFWLYH SURWHLQKV&53 OHYHO DQ LQÀDPPDWRU\ marker) and Glycated hemoglobin(GlycoHb)with glycosuria LQ 7\SH 'LDEHWHV )XUWKHUZH KDYH LQYHVWLJDWHG FRUUHODWLRQ FRHI¿FLHQWVEHWZHHQWKHVHSDUDPHWHUV Material and Method: 60 diabetic patients with glucosuria with elevated high sensitive C reactive protein,and elevatedglycosylated haemoglobin wereincluded in this study. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the development of diabetes mellitus and high-sensitivity C-reactive SURWHLQ +V&53 DGMXVWHG IRU YDULRXV SRWHQWLDO FRQIRXQGHUV7KH aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the development of diabetes mellitus and high-sensitivity C-reactive SURWHLQ+V&53 DGMXVWHGIRUYDULRXVSRWHQWLDOFRQIRXQGHUV Result: Urine glucose concentration was 500(175, 1000) mg/dl and KV&53 ZDV PJ/ %RWK SDUDPHWHUV H[SUHVVHG LQ median with interquartile range. Mean serum fasting blood glucose FRQFHQWUDWLRQZDVPJGO7KHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIKV&53 ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU S $ ZHDN SRVLWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ ZDV REVHUYHG EHWZHHQ XULQH JOXFRVH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ DQG KV&53 FRQFHQWUDWLRQ U S 7KH FRUUHODWLRQ FRHI¿FLHQW U EHWZHHQ KV&53 ZLWK JO\FRV\ODWHG KDHPRJORELQ LV U WKDW LV WKHQHJDWLYHFRUUHODWLRQZLWKS Conclusions: 6HUXP KV&53 OHYHO ZDV PDUNHGO\ LQFUHDVHG LQ GLDEHWLF SDWLHQWV 7KH KV&53 KDV SRWHQWLDO DV D ZLGHO\ DYDLODEOH FRVWHIIHFWLYH VFUHHQLQJ WHVW WR HYDOXDWH WKH H[WHQW RI LQÀDPPDWLRQ in diabetic patients.Glycosylated haemoglobin levels are found to EH VOLJKWO\ KLJKHU LQ GLDEHWLF SDWLHQWV %XW WKHUH LV QR VLJQL¿FDQW correlation found because of less sample size and cofounding factor other than hyperglycemia alone could be the underlying factor to LQFUHDVHKV&53

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PO127 Oxidative stress markers and its correlation with aminotransferases in hepatic manifestation of Dengue virus infection Abhishek Sharma, Nidhi Sharma, Sandeep Singh, Dhruvendra Pandey Department of Biochemistry, N.S.C.B. Medical college, Jabalpur, M.P Department of Micobiology, MIMER Medical college, Talegaon, Maharashtra. Department of Medicine,N.S.C.B. Medical college, Jabalpur, M.P Department of PSM, N.S.C.B. Medical college, Jabalpur, M.P Objective: To study the correlation between oxidative stress markers and Aminotransferases in patients of dengue fever with hepatic manifestations. Background: Manifestation of viral infection may be contributed by the alteration of oxidation/reduction (Redox) status in virus infected patients and this alteration starts prior to symptoms of disease appear. Increased level of Aminotransferases may be a useful marker of hepatic insult. Method: :H FRQGXFWHG D FURVV VHFWLRQDO KRVSLWDO EDVHG VWXG\ RI SDWLHQWV VHURORJLFDOO\ FRQ¿UPHG WR KDYH GHQJXH YLUXV LQIHFWLRQ who have hepatic manifestations. Blood samples were collected on 4th day and onwards after the fever and analysed for liver function WHVWV /)7 SURWKRPELQ WLPH 37 DQG WKURPERF\WHV DQG RWKHU haematological parameters and to measure the oxidative stress blood was analysed for malondihyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione SHUR[LGDVH*3[ DQGSDUDR[DQDVH321 Results: $PRQJ WKH /)7 SDUDPHWHUV WKH OHYHO RI $VSDUWDWH WUDQVDPLQDVH $67 ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ UDLVHG IROORZHG E\ DODQLQH transaminase(ALT) and other parameters were either within normal OLPLWRUQRWVLJQL¿FDQW7KHOHYHORI0'$ZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\UDLVHG DQG FRQFHQWUDWLRQV RI *3[ &$7 DQG 321 ZHUH UHGXFHG 7KH VLJQL¿FDQWFRUUHODWLRQZDVIRXQGEHWZHHQ$/7$67DQGR[LGDWLYH stress markers. Conclusion: So we can conclude that in patients of dengue infection, raised liver enzyme ( AST, ALT) may be associated with oxidative stress and AST can be used in a severity index and as prognostic marker in hepatic manifestations.

PO128

VWXG\LVWRHYDOXDWHWK\URLGKRUPRQHV)7)7 DQG76+LQW\SH diabetes mellitus patients. Methods:7KHVWXG\ZDVFRQGXFWHGDW1RUYLF,QWHUQDWLRQDOKRVSLWDO ORFDWHG DW 7KDSDWKDOL .DWKPDQGX 1HSDO 6WXG\ ZDV FRQGXFWHG among thirtytype 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Inpatient DQG 2XWSDWLHQW GHSDUWPHQW 6HUXP IUHH WK\UR[LQH )7 IUHH WUL LRGRWK\URQLQH )7 DQG WK\URLG VWLPXODWLQJ KRUPRQH 76+ were estimated as a part of thyroid hormone assay. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and Random plasma glucose were estimated to test diabetes. Mean ± SD were calculated for all the parameters and were compared E\6WXGHQW¶VWWHVWDQGFRUUHODWHGE\FDOFXODWLQJ3HDUVRQ¶VFRUUHODWLRQ FRHI¿FLHQW XVLQJ 6366 FDOFXODWRU3YDOXH ZDV WDNHQ DV VLJQL¿FDQW Results: 6WDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFHV ZHUH REVHUYHG LQ WKH PHDQ )7 IUHH WULLRGRWK\URQLQH DFWLYLW\ RI FRQWUROV DQGW\SHGLDEHWHVPHOOLWXVSDWLHQWV S 6WDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHVZHUHDOVRREVHUYHGLQWKHPHDQ )7 IUHHWHWUDLRGRWK\URQLQH DFWLYLW\ RI FRQWUROV DQG W\SHGLDEHWHVPHOOLWXVSDWLHQWV S ZKLFKZDV also higher in normal individuals. Statistically differences in the mean TSH activity were also observed between controls (3.56 ± DQGW\SHGLDEHWHVPHOOLWXVSDWLHQWV S where mean value of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is high.A positive correlation between TSH DQG +%$F DQG D QHJDWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ )7 DQG HbA1c (-0.508) was found. Conclusions: Level of thyroid hormones in type 2 diabetes mellitus LVGHUDQJHGZLWKDQLQFUHDVHLQ76+DQGGHFUHDVHLQ)7DQG)7 Therefore this study suggests hypothyroidism in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Keywords: 7\SH 'LDEHWHV 0HOOLWXV )UHH WULLRGRWK\URQLQH )UHH WHWUDLRGRWK\URQLQH 7K\URLG 6WLPXODWLQJ +RUPRQH7K\URLG Dysfunction, Glycosylated Hemoglobin.

PO129 Hypoglycemic potential of tender coconut water in euglycemic human subjects Swayamjeet Satapathy, Debapriya Bandyopadhyay, Shorya Taliyan, Bharat Kumar Gupta

Arun Acharya Department of Biochemistry, Norvic international Hospital, Thapathali, Kathmandu .Nepal

Introduction: Hypoglycemic effect of tender as well as mature coconut water has been shown by various workers on Alloxan induced Diabetic rats and other animal models. But the role of tender coconut water on plasma Glucose in human was still not known. Therefore we wanted to look for the Hypoglycemic effect of Tender FRFRQXWZDWHU7&: LQHXJO\FHPLFKXPDQVXEMHFWV

Background: Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders are one of the most common endocrine disorders. Thyroid hormones and hyperglycemia are known to be related and their inter-connection is well established. Studying the levels of thyroid hormones in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus can help in the diagnosis of various thyroid disorders and can manage the complications. Aim of this

Methods: 20 adult volunteers, of both sexes within the age group 18 to 45 years were included in the study. After a weeks’ preparation, 75 gms of Glucose was dissolved in appropriate amount of water and the subjects were asked to drink the same. Venous blood samples were FROOHFWHGDWPLQPLQPLQDQGPLQLQ)OXRULGHYLDOV DQG *OXFRVH HVWLPDWHG E\ *2'32' PHWKRG LQ D VHPLDXWRPDWLF

Correlation of thyroid hormones between Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and normal individuals

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analyser. After at least 7 days interval, under similar conditions the same procedure was repeated with 75gms of Glucose dissolved in POIUHVKO\H[WUDFWHG7&: 5HVXOWV7KH IDVWLQJ SODVPD *OXFRVH RI WKH DOO WZHQW\ VXEMHFWV IRU ERWKSUHDQGSRVW7&:VWXGLHVZHUHEHWZHHQWRPJGO7KH Glucose Tolerance test results of Glucose dissolved in plain water and *OXFRVH GLVVROYHG LQ 7&: ZHUH FRPSDUHG XVLQJ 6WXGHQW¶V 3DLUHG 7 7HVW 7&: GLG QRW DIIHFW WKH SHDN SODVPD JOXFRVH S UHFRUGHGDWPLQ+RZHYHUWKHUHZDVDVLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHLQWKH SUHDQGSRVW7&:SODVPD*OXFRVHDWPLQS PLQS DQGPLQS &RQFOXVLRQ7HQGHUFRFRQXWZDWHUZDVIRXQGWRKDYHK\SRJO\FHPLF action on euglycemic human subjects; their mechanism of action may be investigated further.

PO130 Association of placental oxidative stress and pregnancy outcome in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a pilot study in an Indian population. Vickneshwaran Vinayagam1, Zachariah Bobby1, Syed Habeebullah2, Latha Chaturvedula2, SK Bharadwaj3 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 3 Department of Neonatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India Objectives: To assess the placental oxidative stress factors in various types of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and to correlate with the pregnancy outcome. Methods: 3ODFHQWDO VDPSOHV IURP +\SHUWHQVLYH GLVRUGHUV RI SUHJQDQF\+'3 SDWLHQWVDQGWKHFRQWUROSUHJQDQWZRPHQ&3: were collected. The levels of oxidative stress parameters MDA, 7RWDODQWLR[LGDQWVWDWXV7$6 DQGSURWHLQFDUERQ\ODWLRQ3&2 ZHUH assessed in the placental lysates. Also the placental expression of SOD, catalase and stress sensitive serine kinase proteins ERK, p38 0$3.-1.,.%"DQG12;ZHUHIRXQGRXWE\ZHVWHUQEORWWLQJ LQ +'3 JHVWDWLRQDO K\SHUWHQVLRQ 3UHHFODPSVLDHFODPSVLD DQG &3:7KH3UHJQDQF\RXWFRPHVOLNHWKHJHVWDWLRQDODJHDWWKHWLPHRI GHOLYHU\*$ DQGELUWKZHLJKW%: DQG$3*$5VFRUHRIWKHEDE\ also were measured. Results:7KH*$%:DQG$3*$5VFRUHRIWKHEDE\ZHUHIRXQGWR EH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHULQ3UHHFODPSVLDDQG(FODPSVLDFRPSDUHGWR &3:7KHOHYHOVR[LGDWLYHVWUHVVSDUDPHWHUV0'$DQG3&2ZHUH HOHYDWHG DQG WKH 7$6 ZHUH GHFUHDVHG LQ +'3 FRPSDUHG WR &3: 7KHSODFHQWDOH[SUHVVLRQRI&$7S(5.S1UI1UI12;DQG ,N%" ZHUH IRXQG WR EH HOHYDWHG ZKHUHDV WKH H[SUHVVLRQ RI -1. S30$3. ZHUH IRXQG WR EH GHFUHDVHG LQ +'3 ZKHQ FRPSDUHG WR &3: $OVR D QHJDWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ ZDV REVHUYHG EHWZHHQ WKH R[LGDWLYHVWUHVVPDUNHUVDQGWKHSUHJQDQF\RXWFRPHLQ+'3 Conclusions: An increased placental oxidative stress and a poor birth outcome were observed in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

PO131 Evaluation of hypothyroidism

renal

function

in

subclinical

Vijayetha P. Patil, Shilpasree A.S., Vidya S. Patil, Deepti G.I., Vani Axita C Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad. Introduction: 3DWLHQWVZLWKVXEFOLQLFDOWK\URLGGLVHDVHKDYHIHZRU no symptoms or signs of thyroid dysfunction and thus by its very nature subclinical thyroid disease is a laboratory diagnosis. Serum FUHDWLQLQHLVHOHYDWHGDQG*ORPHUXODU¿OWHUDWLRQUDWH*)5 YDOXHV DUHUHYHUVLEO\UHGXFHGLQRYHUWK\SRWK\URLGSDWLHQWV:HK\SRWKHVL]H that subclinical hypothyroidism also may be associated with low *)5 Aims and Objectives:D 7RFRPSDUHVHUXPFUHDWLQLQHDQGH*)5 of subclinical hypothyroid patients with that of euthyroid and K\SRWK\URLGSDWLHQWVE 7RFRUUHODWHFUHDWLQLQHH*)5DQG76+LQ these groups. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study for a period of 1 year at SDM Hospital, Dharwad. The IROORZLQJ WHVWV ZHUH GRQH76+ I7 I7 VHUXP FUHDWLQLQH H*)5 ZDVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJ0'5'DQG&.'(3,HTXDWLRQV7KHVXEMHFWV were divided into 3 groups after laboratory investigations based on standard criteria for diagnosis.- 1) Subclinical hypothyroidism, 2) Overt Hypothyroidism, 3)Euthyroidism. Statistical analysis was GRQHE\$129$DQG3HDUVRQVFRUUHODWLRQXVLQJ6366 Results: 6HUXP FUHDWLQLQH OHYHOV ZDV KLJKHU DQG H*)5 ZDV ORZHU VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQ WKH VXEFOLQLFDO K\SRWK\URLG JURXS ZKHQ FRPSDUHG to the control group(p<0.001). The overtly hypothyroid group had VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU OHYHOV RI VHUXP FUHDWLQLQH DQG ORZHU H*)5 ZKHQFRPSDUHGWRERWKWKHJURXSVS :HGLGQRW¿QGDQ\ VLJQL¿FDQWFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQ76+FUHDWLQLQHDQGH*)5H[FHSWIRU the overt hypothyroid group. Conclusion: There is impairment of renal function in the subclinical K\SRWK\URLGJURXSDVHYLGHQFHGE\VLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHLQFUHDWLQLQH OHYHOV DQG UHGXFWLRQ LQ H*)5 YDOXHV 7KH GHFLVLRQ WR WUHDW ZLWK thyroxine replacement therapy needs to be addressed by conducting further randomized controlled trials.

PO132 A study of SNPs of RAGe and its association with micro and macro vascular complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Indian population R Ramesh a, Balakrishna Pai R,b D Rajagovindan, Badrinath, b Sreenivasana a

b

A K

Aims and Objectives : The study is designed to evaluate the DVVRFLDWLRQRI613VRI5$*( 7$7&3RO\PRUSKLVPLQ WKHSURPRWHUUHJLRQ *O\6HU3RO\PRUSKLVPLQWKHH[RQUHJLRQ of RAGE Gene & its association with micro & Macro vascular complications of Type 2DM in south Indian population. The -374T/A &429 T/C in promoter region are considered important as they affect

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transcriptional activity which may alter AGE-RAGE interaction which leads to altered signaling cascade.Gly82ser increases the ligand binding &downstream signaling. Methods : Screening of 200 subjects which includes T2 DM subjects without any complications,T2 DM subjects with nephropathy,T2DM Subjects with retinopathy,T2DM subjects with neuropathy for -374 T/A,-429 C/T & Gly82ser polymorphism of RAGE gene. '1$ LVRODWHG IURP WKH VXEMHFWV DQDO\]HG E\ 3&55)/3 2WKHU biochemical parameters such as HbA1C, Microalbuminuria, )%6 33%6 6HUXP XUHD FUHDWLQLQH &KROHVWHURO DQDO\]HG IRU WKH evaluation of micro & Macro vascular complications. Results: In our study we expect -429 T/C & Gly82Ser polymorphism ZLOO EH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK 0LFUR 0DFUR YDVFXODU complications respectively & -374 A allele has reduced risk towards the development of micro & macro vascular complications of Type 2 DM. Results will be discussed further

PO133 Cystatin C v/s creatinine based equation in the HVWLPDWLRQ RI JORPHUXODU ¿OWUDWLRQ UDWH LQ SDWLHQWV with type 2 diabetes mellitus – a case control study Meghana Ajith*, Sajitha Krishnan P P*, SubhaKumari K N*, Anu Vasudevan** * Department of Biochemistry, ** Department of Biostatics, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Amrita Viswavidyapeedam, AIMS, Cochin, Kerala Introduction: Serum Cystatin C is a promising indicator of renal function.Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic chaos resulting from lacking LQVXOLQSURGXFWLRQ'LDEHWLF1HSKURSDWK\LVDFKURQLFFRPSOLFDWLRQ of diabetes mellitus, resulting in loss of renal function and estimation RI*)5LVDYLWDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQ&\VWDWLQ&LVDVXEVWLWXWHIRUFUHDWLQLQH LQPHDVXULQJ*)5 Aims and objectives: The study was aimed to compare cystatin c and creatinine based equations in the assessment of glomerular ¿OWUDWLRQUDWH*)5 Materials and methods: This was a case- controlstudy conducted in 60 type 2 diabetespatients and 60 non diabetes controls, both are LQWKHDJHJURXSRIWR\HDUV*)5HVWLPDWLRQXVLQJF\VWDWLQF was done by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration &.'(3, HTXDWLRQVSURSRVHGE\/H%ULFRQDQG*UXEE&UHDWLQLQH EDVHG *)5 HVWLPDWLRQ ZDV GRQH E\ XVLQJ 0RGL¿FDWLRQ RI 'LHW LQ Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Assessment of serum cystatin c and serum creatinine was done by Immunoturbidimetric and Jaffe’s kinetic method. Results : &RPSDULVRQ RI F\VWDWLQ F DQG FUHDWLQLQH EDVHG *)5 HVWLPDWLRQ EHWZHHQ FDVHV DQG FRQWUROV &.' (3, /H%ULFRQ DQG 0'5' HTXDWLRQV SURYHG WR EH EHQH¿FLDO IRU DVVHVVLQJ *)5 E\ 6WXGHQW¶VWWHVWSYDOXH 6LQFHOHDVWDYHUDJHLVIRU&.'(3, this founds even better. Conclusion: Study illustrates that serum cystatin c based equation FDQEHXVHGIRUWKHDVVHVVPHQWRI*)5LQW\SHGLabetes patients.

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PO134 Biochemical consequences of lipid peroxidation in post operative cases of breast carcinoma Priyanka Verma Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg,New Delhi.

B

UHDVW FDQFHU UHSUHVHQWV D VLJQL¿FDQW SUREOHP LQ WKH ZRUOG 2[LGDWLYH PRGL¿FDWLRQ RI OLSLGV LV FDWDO\]HG E\ UHDFWLYH R[\JHQ VSHFLHV ZKLFK LV NQRZQ DV OLSLG SHUR[LGDWLRQ /32 WKLV FKDQJHV ÀXLGLW\ SHUPHDELOLW\ RI PHPEUDQH FHOOXODU PHWDEROLF functions. Malondialdehyde is a major end product and an index of OLSLG SHUR[LGDWLRQ ZKLFK FURVV OLQN '1$ 3URWHLQ DQG 1XFOHRWLGHV on the same and opposite strands .Lipid peroxidation is reported increased in pre operative cases of breast carcinoma but post surgery studies have not been done, so this study has been designed to see OLSLG SHUR[LGDWLRQ LQ SRVW RSHUDWLYH FDVHV WKUHH PRQWKV )RU WKLV VWXG\ EUHDVW FDQFHU FDVHV )1$& GLDJQRVHG DQG QRUPDO KHDOWK\FRQWUROVZHUHWDNHQ7KHUHZDVVLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHLQOLSLG peroxidation in post operative cases .Steps should be taken to reduce lipid peroxidation in post operative cases as oxidative stress is one of the major causes of carcinogenesis. Keywords:0DORQGLDOGHK\GH&DQFHU3RVWRSHUDWLYH$QWLR[LGDQWV /LSLGV3HUR[LGDWLRQ0HPEUDQH)OXLGLW\

PO135 Effect of antipsychotic drugs on protein phosphatase activity in cortex and hippocampus of goat brain extract Devaraju K S, Deepti C. Naik, Padmaj S. Kalgutkar, Preeti K. Patil, Sarojini R. Bulbule Aravind and Nivedita Shireshi Department of Biochemsitry, Karnataka Unviersity, Dharwad

A

ntipsychotic drugs are a class of psychiatric medications used to manage psychosis, in particular -Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder. Based on the target receptor on which it acts, DQG WKH LQWHQVLW\ RI VLGH HIIHFWV WKHVH GUXJV FDQ EH FODVVL¿HG LQWR 1HXUROHSWLFVDELOLW\RIDGUXJWRFDXVHDV\QGURPHNQRZQ as neurolepsis and Dopamine antagonist - differentiate between ¿UVWJHQHUDWLRQGUXJVIURPVHFRQGJHQHUDWLRQGUXJVGRSDPLQH serotonin antagonist) based on the general pharmaco-dynamic properties. But the exact mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs is still unknown. In the current study we tried to explore non VSHFL¿FPRGXODWRU\HIIHFWRIDQWLSV\FKRWLFGUXJVVXFKDV2ODQ]DSLQH &OR]DSLQHDQG7ULÀXRSHUD]LQHRQWKHSURWHLQSKRVSKDWDVHV¶DFWLYLW\ in the different fractions of hippocampus and cortex of goat brain extract. The Antipsychotic drugs have different modulatory effect RQSURWHLQSKRVSKDWDVHVWKLVVWXG\KHOSVWRSXULI\DVSHFL¿FSURWHLQ phosphatase of interest with which antipsychotic drug interacts.

Ind J Clin Biochem

PO136 $VVHVVPHQWRIV\VWHPLFLQÀDPPDWLRQR[LGDWLYHVWUHVV and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritic patients Shilpa Suneja,1 Rahul Saxena,2 Manoj Kumar Nandkeoliar2 1 Department of Biochemistry, VMMC and Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi, India 2 Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have been found to be susceptible to develop future cardiac complications. However, more investigations are required to enhance this understanding clinically. Objectives: The present study were to evaluate the plasma SDUDR[RQDVH 321 DFWLYLW\ DORQJ ZLWK WKH PDUNHUV RI V\VWHPLF LQÀDPPDWLRQR[LGDWLYHVWUHVVDQGGLVHDVHDFWLYLW\VFRUH'$6 in RA patients and clarify their role in determining the probability of RA patients to develop future CVD risk. Methods: 3ODVPD321WRWDODQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\7$$ &UHDFWLYH SURWHLQ &53 V\QRYLDO LQWHUOHXNLQ ,/ DQG HU\WKURF\WH malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated in 40 RA patients aged 40 - 55 years aged and 40 age-matched healthy controls. The data obtained were compared statistically by using Student’s t-test DQG3HDUVRQFRUUHODWLRQWHVW Results: %HVLGHVG\VOLSLGHPLDPDUNHGUHGXFWLRQLQSODVPD321DQG TAA (p< 0.05) were observed in RA patients as compared with that of KHDOWK\FRQWUROV(U\WKURF\WH0'$SODVPD&53DQGV\QRYLDO,/ OHYHOVZHUHLQFUHDVHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\S LQ5$SDWLHQWV321ZDV QHJDWLYHO\FRUUHODWHGZLWK0'$U S &53U S ,/U S DQG'$6U S DQGSRVLWLYHO\FRUUHODWHGZLWK+'/FKROHVWHUROU S DQG7$$U S OHYHOVLQ5$SDWLHQWV Conclusion: $OWHUDWLRQ LQ 321 DFWLYLW\ PLJKW FRQWULEXWH WR WKH progression of future CVD risk in RA patients, which may result IURPLQWHUSOD\RIVHYHUDOFRQIRXQGLQJIDFWRUVVXFKDVLQÀDPPDWLRQ R[LGDWLYHVWUHVVDQGG\VOLSLGHPLD)XUWKHUPRUHSODVPD321DFWLYLW\ &53DQG7$$OHYHOVFRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGDVQRQWUDGLWLRQDOIDFWRUVWR predict CVD risk. Keywords:3DUDR[RQDVH7RWDODQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\0DORQGLDOGHK\GH C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6.

PO137 Comparative study of transudate and exudate pleural ÀXLG XVLQJ CRP, uric acid and malondialdehyde as markers Anurag Yadav, Malathi M, Ramlinga Reddy Department of Biochemistry, Father Muller Medical College Introduction: 7KH 3OHXUDO HIIXVLRQ LV RQH RI WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW debilitating disorder caused by various pathological conditions. It is a common clinical disorder and is either a manifestation or a complication of one or other respiratory of non-respiratory diseases. The diagnosing the type of effusion as an Exudate or Transudate is

equally important in diagnosing the cause and treating accordingly to the type of pleural effusion. Hence, Use of Light’s criteria to separate 7UDQVXGDWHIURP([XGDWHKDVEHHQJHQHUDOO\WKHDGPLWWHG¿UVWVWHS in any study of pleural effusion of the unknown cause. As the pleural HIIXVLRQPD\LQFUHDVHWKHORFDOR[LGDWLYHVWUHVVVRSOHXUDOÀXLGFDQ be analysed for the oxidative stress marker as one of the tool additive with the light’s criteria for the better differentiating the Exudative from Transudative type of effusion. Aim: Estimate levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), C-Reactive 3URWHLQ&53 DQG8ULFDFLGLQSOHXUDOÀXLG &RPSDUHWKHOHYHOVLQ ([XGDWLYHDQG7UDQVXGDWLYH3OHXUDO)OXLG Material and Methods: The samples for the study were collected after taking informed consent. The pleural tapping was done under all required aseptic precaution. It was divided into two groups7UDQVXGDWLYH 3OHXUDO HIIXVLRQ *URXS ([XGDWLYH 3OHXUDO effusion (Group 2) by using Light’s criteria. Samples were analysed IRUWKH0'$&53DQG8ULFDFLG Results and Conclusion: 0'$ &53YDOXHVKDYHVKRZQVLJQL¿FDQW LQFUHDVHGOHYHOVLQWKHSOHXUDOÀXLGRI([XGDWLYHW\SHFRPSDUHGWR Transudative, but pleural Uric acid levels were lower in Exudative. However there was no much difference in the serum levels among groups. The present study showed that oxidative stress was more in the exudates compared to Transudates, probably due to the higher production of reactive oxygen species; it may serve as markers for differentiating between exudates and transudates. Keywords:&538ULFDFLG0DORQGLDOGHK\GH0'$

PO138 Evaluation of foetal hypoxia in subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus Geena Augustine, 2Ranjith S, 3Mumthaz, 4Jithesh T.K Dept of Anatomy, MES MCH Perinthalmanna, Kerala 2 Dept of Anatomy, Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research, Thrissur, Kerala 3 Dept of OBG, MES MCH, Perinthalmanna, Kerala 4 Central Research Lab, MES Academy of Medical Sciences, Perinthalmanna, Kerala 1 1

H

ypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. Although hypoxia is often a pathological condition, Its causes are many and varied. There may EHDGH¿FLHQF\RIR[\JHQLQWKHDWPRVSKHUHDVLQDOWLWXGHVLFNQHVV or a pulmonary disorder that interferes with adequate ventilation of the lungs. The effect of hypoxia is to reduce the functional activity of tissues. Intrauterine hypoxia occurs when the foetusis deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen. Oxygen deprivations in the foetus and neonate have been implicated as either a primary or as a contributing risk factor for numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders such as epilepsy, ADHD, eating disorders and cerebral palsy. Objective of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the foetal hypoxia in gestational diabetic patients. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted at MES medical college hospital, perinthalmanna. The study had started after obtaining the clearance from the institutional ethical

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committee. Test population consists of 30 pregnancies complicated by GDM and control population consists of 28 healthypregnancies, and they had an ultrasound scan at 30-32 weeks of gestation that had FRQ¿UPHG D UHJXODU SDWWHUQ RI IRHWDO JURZWK DQG GHOLYHUHG D EDE\ ZLWKDQDSSURSULDWHZHLJKWIRUJHVWDWLRQDODJH)RHWDOFRUGEORRGZDV collected in heparinized syringes and EDTA tubes. The heparinized samples were immediately sent to a laboratory for blood gas analysis. The EDTA samples were analysed for haematological and other ELRFKHPLFDO SDUDPHWHUV )RHWDO FRUG EORRG DQG PDWHUQDO EORRG 3DUDPHWHUV VXFK DV EORRG JDVHV ODFWDWH KDHPRJORELQ 5%& FRXQW red cell indices were determined. Result: Samples included in this study were foetal cord blood and PDWHUQDOEORRG3DUDPHWHUVVXFKDVEORRGJDVHVODFWDWHKDHPRJORELQ RBC count, red cell indices were determined. GDM cord blood VKRZV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ORZHU R[\JHQ VDWXUDWLRQ DQG R[\JHQ FRQWHQW DQGDOVRVLJQL¿FDQWO\GHFUHDVHGS27KHODFWDWHOHYHOVLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQFUHDVHGZKHQFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROJURXS7KHUHZDVDVLJQL¿FDQW reductioninhaemoglobin, RBC count and red cell indices. Conclusion: As hypoxia mimics many of the effects that can be found in the placenta in association with foetal programming, the researcher suggest that hypoxia and resultant oxidative stress occurring in the *'0 SDWLHQWV DQG WKLV K\SR[LD FDXVHV VLJQL¿FDQW FKDQJHV LQ WKH development of the placenta.

PO139 Association of biochemical markers with body fat percentage in prediabetes Nivedita Nanda

D

iabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD)through dyslipidemia, LQÀDPPDWLRQ DQG R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV HWF ZKLFK DUH NQRZQ PHFKDQLVPV 3UHGLDEHWHV VXEMHFWV DUH NQRZQ WR EH DW KLJKHU ULVN for the development of diabetes mellitus as well as cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we hypothesize that these subjects may also have altered metabolic parameters similar in diabetes which should be LGHQWL¿HG HDUOLHU IRU HDUO\ LQWHUYHQWLRQ 7RWDO IDW FRQWHQW KDV EHHQ associated with increased risk of diabetes compared to BMI alone. Therefore adiposity content could also play a role in its pathology. The objective of the study was to compare insulin resistance, G\VOLSLGHPLDLQÀDPPDWLRQDQGR[LGDWLYHVWUHVVLQSUHGLDEHWHVDQG assess its link with total body fat percentage. A total of 260 volunteers (18-44 years) were screened out of which 63 were diagnosed as prediabetic and 104 as normoglycemic based on their fasting serum JOXFRVH 3UHGLDEHWHV VXEMHFWV KDG KLJKHU %0, DQG ERG\ IDW PDVV LQGH[LQFUHDVHGJO\FDWHGKHPRJORELQKV&53DQGR[LGDWLYHVWUHVV 7KRXJKWKHUHZDVQRGLIIHUHQFHLQWKHLUOLSLGSUR¿OHFDOFXODWHGOLSLG ULVNIDFWRUVZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQSUHGLDEHWHVVXEMHFWV7KHUH ZDV D VLJQL¿FDQW FRUUHODWLRQ RI ERG\ IDW PDVV LQGH[ZLWK KV&53 in prediabetes subjects(r 0.451; p 0.008) indicating the ill effect RI DGLSRVLW\ WRZDUGV LQÀDPPDWLRQ :H FRQFOXGH WKDW SUHGLDEHWHV VXEMHFWVVKRZHDUO\VLJQRILQÀDPPDWLRQR[LGDWLYHVWUHVVDQGOLSLG risk factors for CVD even at the young and middle age range (18-44) which requires full attention for weight management, diet and life VW\OHPRGL¿FDWLRQWRSUHYHQWWKHLUULVNIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI'0 or CVD.

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PO140 To study advanced oxidation protein products, plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase concentration and SOD3 gene allelic variations in ischemic stroke patients Sushree S. Rautaray Department Of Biochemistry, Army College Of Medical Sciences (ACMS), Delhi Cantt,New Delhi Introduction: Stroke is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity world-wide. The increasing incidence of stroke is due to hypertension,smoking,less exercise,stress of life etc.Oxidative stress is characteristic of ischemic stroke.The event results in generation of free radicals leading to promotion of lipid peroxidation.Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD,SOD3)is a major cellular antioxidant enzyme and is highly expressed in arterial walls.EC-SOD plays an important role in the protection against ischemic oxidative stress. $GYDQFHGR[LGDWLRQSURWHLQSURGXFWV$233 DQGLVRSURVWDQHZHUH LGHQWL¿HGDVPDUNHUVRIR[LGDWLYHVWUHVVLQLVFKHPLFVWURNHSDWLHQWV Aims and Objectives: To investigate the association of SOD3 gene YDULDQWVSODVPDFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRI(&62'$233DQGLVRSURVWDQH in ischemic stroke patients. Materials and Methods: The present study included 100 patients of ischemic stroke and 100 controls.All patients were in the age group of 55-85 years and admitted in ICU of Army Base Hospital attached to ACMS,Delhi. Genotypes were determined bycompetitive allele VSHFL¿F 3&5 JHQRW\SLQJ V\VWHP DVVD\VSODVPD OHYHOV RI (&62' LVRSURVWDQHE\(/,6$$233E\VSHFWURSKRWRPHWHU Result: The minor T-allele of rs2284659 was inversely associated with the prevalence at base line(Odds ratio 0.47,95% Cl 0.28S 'HFUHDVHG SODVPD (&62' OHYHOV DQG $233 ZHUH reported.The T-allele of rs2284659 of SOD3 was associated with a more favourable redox status and with better outcome Conclusion: Our results suggest that EC-SOD plays an important role in vascular protection against oxidative stress.

PO141 $EQRUPDOLWLHV RI OLSLGV DQG LQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHUV in type-II diabetes mellitus Ratna Rajesh. Gogulamudi, Priscilla chandran , NN Sreedevi Department of Biochemistry, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. Objective: 7R ¿QG RXW DVVRFLDWLRQ EHWZHHQ LQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHUV with HbA1c in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Introduction: Type II Diabetes Mellitus has become a pandemic in the recent years with associated high morbidity and mortality owing WRLWVFRPSOLFDWLRQV:HWULHGWRVWXG\WKHDVVRFLDWLRQRILQÀDPPDWRU\ markers with Glycemic control in these patients, over a period of 3months.

Ind J Clin Biochem

Materials and Methods: A total of 60 Diabetic patients were recruited into the study.The clinical history including duration of Diabetes was recorded and total cholesterol (mg/dL),LDL &KROHVWHUROPJG/ KV&53PJ/ DQG6HUXP)HUULWLQQJPO DORQJ with HbA1c(%) were estimated. Subjects were divided into two JURXSVEDVHGRQ+E$F&XWRII 3RRUFRQWUROJURXS$F! good control group(A1c<7%).Statistical analysis is done by Student-t WHVWSYDOXHLVFRQVLGHUHGVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQW7KHUHVXOWV are expressed in mean±SD. Results: 7KH PHDQ6' RI KV&53 LQ *RRG FRQWURO JURXS LV DQGLQ3RRUFRQWUROJURXSLVZKLFKZDVIRXQGWR EHVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWSYDOXH 7KHPHDQ6'RI6HUXP )HUULWLQ LQ *RRG FRQWURO JURXS LV DQG LQ 3RRU control group is 555.37±330.3, which was found to be statistically VLJQL¿FDQWSYDOXH Conclusion: /RZJUDGH LQÀDPPDWLRQ H[LVWV LQ 'LDEHWHV PHOOLWXV II and it is positively related with dyslipidemia (except for HDL cholesterol) in diabetics.

PO142 Association of glycated Hb and serum apolipoproteins with diabetic retinopathy: an Indian overview Bhaskar Mukerjee

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ndia is presently facing an epidemic of Diabetes Mellitus and the risks of chronic complications from the disease are associated with the duration of the disease as well as the degree of hyperglycemia. Diabetic Retinopathy is a known microvascular complication of Diabetes Mellitus and is the commonest cause of blindness in the :HVWHUQ&RXQWULHV Apolipoproteins are the protein component of lipoproteins. Apart from acting as structural proteins, they also act as cofactors to various enzymes. Methods: The cases were selected from the Diabetic cases attending WKH 2SKWKDOPRORJ\ 23' RI WKLV WHUWLDU\ FDUH KRVSLWDO )ROORZLQJ UHWLQRVFRS\WKHSDWLHQWVZHUHFODVVL¿HGDV1RQ3UROLIHUDWLYH'LDEHWLF 5HWLQRSDWK\13'5 DQG3UROLIHUDWLYH'LDEHWLF5HWLQRSDWK\3'5 and their fasting blood samples were collected. Results: The HbA1cwas found to be higher in Diabetics with retinopathy as compared to the controls and the highest value was VHHQ LQ WKH PLOG 13'5 JURXS$SR$, ZDV KLJKHVW LQ WKH VHYHUH 13'5 FDVHV WKRXJK KLJKHVW +'/ YDOXHV ZHUH VHHQ LQ 'LDEHWLFV without retinopathy cases. Total cholesterol and Apo B100 were KLJKHVWLQWKHVHYHUH13'5FDVHV Conclusion: In our study, the level of HbA1c was found to be higher in the patients with retinopathy as compared to those without retinopathy. There was a discordance noted in the levels of HDL and Apo A-I in various groups.Apo B100 was highest in the severe 13'5JURXSZKLFKDOVRKDGWKHKLJKHVWYDOXHVRIWRWDOFKROHVWHURO DQG/'/)XUWKHUVWXGLHVLQYROYLQJ/SD DQGKRPRF\VWHLQHPD\EH required in cases of Diabetic Retinopathy. Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy, Apolipoproteins, Glycated Hemoglobin.

PO143 $VVRFLDWLRQRIWK\URLGSUR¿OHZLWKOLSLGSUR¿OH Rejithe Ramachandran Introduction: Thyroid disorders are being increasingly diagnosed with greater awareness with approximately 42 million people in India alone Thyroid hormones play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism, and thyroid dysfunction may result in abnormal lipid SUR¿OHLQFUHDVLQJWKHULVNRIHQGRWKHOLDOG\VIXQFWLRQK\SHUWHQVLRQ and cardiovascular disease. The above associations in combination with the thyroid hormones induced hemodynamic alterations might explain the increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebral ischemia risk, in patients with overt or subclinical hypothyroidism. Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the association between WK\URLG SUR¿OH DQG OLSLG SUR¿OH LQ K\SRWK\URLG DQG K\SHUWK\URLG patients. Materials and Methods: The Comparative cross sectional study comprised of 30 hypothyroid patients, 30 hyperthyroid patients and 30 apparently normal individuals who attended the outpatient departments of Medical College, Kozhikode. Levels of fasting lipid SUR¿OHDQGWK\URLGSUR¿OHI77776+ ZHUHHVWLPDWHG7KH VWDWLVWLFDOVRIWZDUH6366ZDVXVHGIRUWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKHGDWD DQG0LFURVRIW:RUGDQG([FHOKDYHEHHQXVHGWRJHQHUDWHWDEOHVDQG graphs. Results: 6LJQL¿FDQWO\ HOHYDWHG WRWDO FKROHVWHUROPHDQ S /'/&PHDQS 9/'/& PHDQS WULJO\FHULGHVPHDQS was found in hypothyroid patients when compared to mean values of total cholesterol(178±38.3), LDL-C(152±38.23),VLDL-C(16.6±4.5) and triglycerides(84.8±21.09) observed in hyperthyroid patients. The mean values on HDL-C in hypothyroid (mean43.8±8.19) was higher WKDQK\SHUWK\URLGPHDQ SDWLHQWVEXWZDVQRWVLJQL¿FDQW S Conclusions: Lipid parameters like total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL, WULJO\FHULGHVZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\HOHYDWHGLQK\SRWK\URLGSDWLHQWVZKHQ compared to hyperthyroid patients. The difference in HDL-C in both WKH JURXSV ZDV QRW VWDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW 7KHUHIRUH ELRFKHPLFDO screening for dyslipidemia in patients with thyroid dysfunction and vice versa is critical especially for reducing mortality and morbidity related to cardiovascular diseases.

PO144 C-reactive protein as predictor of metabolic syndrome in psoriasis: a case-control study ChetanaShenoy1 , ManjunathShenoy M 1, Manjula Shantaram3 Department of Dermatology, Yenepoya Medical college, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore. 2 Department of PG Studies and Research in Biochemistry, PG Center, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka, India 1

Introduction:3VRULDVLVLVDFKURQLFLPPXQHPHGLDWHGLQÀDPPDWRU\ skin disease. Although psoriasis is a dermatologic disease,ithas been FRQVLGHUHG RI ODWH DV D GLVRUGHU ZLWK V\VWHPLF LQÀDPPDWLRQ WKDW could contribute to various systemic events like Metabolic Syndrome

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Ind J Clin Biochem

0HW6 &5HDFWLYH3URWHLQ&53 DVHQVLWLYHPDUNHURIVXEFOLQLFDO LQÀDPPDWLRQKDVEHHQDVVRFLDWHGZLWK0HW6$OOWKHFRQVWLWXHQWVRI MetS whichincludes central obesity, high blood pressure and insulin UHVLVWDQFHKDYHEHHQDVVRFLDWHGZLWKLQFUHDVHGOHYHOVRI&53

Results: Out of 213 patients 170 were smokers and 43 were nonsmokers with mean HbA1c level of 8.88±2.24% in non smoker and LQ VPRNHUV ZLWK QR VWDWLVWLFDO VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH 0DQQ:KLWQH\7HVW= 3

Aim and Objectives: This study was undertaken to analyze the role RI&53LQUHODWLRQWR0HW6LQSVRULDVLV

Conclusion : In our study, no difference in mean HbA1c level between current smokers and non-smokers were observed. As the history of smoking was self reported by the patient who may not be FRUUHFWKDYHLQÀXHQFHGWKHVWXG\$OVRWKHQXPEHURIVPRNHUVZDV much less as compared to non-smokers could be the limiting factor.

Materials and Methods: :HSHUIRUPHGDFDVHFRQWUROVWXG\RQ psoriasis patients and 200 subjects without psoriasis (Control). Cases and controls were divided into four groups based on the presence and DEVHQFHRI0HW6&53ZDVPHDVXUHGLQDOOIRXUJURXSV Results: 7KHRYHUDOOVHUXP&53OHYHOVZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQ SVRULDVLV SDWLHQWV ZKHQ FRPSDUHG ZLWK FRQWUROV S YDOXH 6HUXP &53 OHYHOV ZHUH IRXQG WR EH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ GLIIHUHQW LQ DOO WKH IRXU JURXSV S YDOXH &53 ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ psoriasis group with MetS when compared to psoriasis without MetS, controls with MetS and controls without MetS (p value < 0.001) Conclusion: +LJK OHYHOVRI &53 DUH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK SVRULDVLV irrespective of the presence of MetS. It may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and may also contribute to MetS in psoriasis.

PO145 Association between cigarette smoking and glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes mellitus 1 Kalpana Singh, 2Bhawna Mahajan, 3Insiya Bano, 1Abbas Ali Mahdi 1 Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Uttar Pradesh Lucknow, 2 Department of Biochemistry, G.B Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, 3 Department of Biochemistry, Dr. R.M.L.Avadh University, Faizabad Uttar Pradesh

Introduction: 6PRNLQJ KDV EHHQ LGHQWL¿HG DV DQ LQGHSHQGHQW ULVN factor for insulin resistance, a precursor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. One cigarette decreases the ability of the body to utilize insulin by 15% and increases blood glucose levels. There are number of possible mechanisms which explain the association between cigarette smoking and diabetes. India being the second largest producer and consumer of tobacco and its products, the Indian population is at higher risk of developing diabetes and its complications Objective: 7R ¿QG RXW WKH DVVRFLDWLRQ EHWZHHQ FXUUHQW VPRNLQJ and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Material and method: 213 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus aged between 35-86 years with atleast one year history of diabetes on treatment were selected for the study. After taking history of current smoking and diabetes mellitus 2.5ml blood sample for HbA1c was collected in EDTA vacutainer. HbA1c level were estimated by High 3UHVVXUH/LTXLG&KURPDWRJUDSK\0HWKRG

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PO146 Effect of amla (HPEOLFD RI¿FLQDOLV) extract in preventing oxidative stress induced red cell damage and plasma protein alterations; an in vitro study Rajaamuthu P Background: A number of in vitro/ in vivo studies have shown that several RBCs parameters are negatively affected by increased oxidative stress. Amla((PEOLFD 2I¿FLQDOLV)having antidiabetic, DQWLFDQFHU K\SROLSLGHPLF DQWLLQÀDPPRWDU\ DQG DQWLR[LGDQW properties. But its effect on free radical induced red cell damage; membrane and plasma protein alteration have not been adequately addressed. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant property of Amla against the oxidative stress induced red cell damage and plasma protein alterations. Methods: Red blood cells were pre incubated with different concentration of Amla extract (50?g/ml, 100?g/ml, 150?g/ml and 200?g/ml) and then treated with physiological (5mmol/l) and pathological (50mmol/l) concentrations of glucose for 24 hours. In Another in-vitro study the plasma was pre treated with different FRQFHQWUDWLRQRI$PODH[WUDFWDQGWKHQLQFXEDWHGZLWK$$3+IRU hours. After the incubation RBC-MDA, RBC- reduced glutathione, Red blood cell indices, RBC morphometric study, plasma MDA, protein carbonylation, total protein and albumin were estimated. Results:$QWLR[LGDQWSURSHUW\RI$PODZDVDVVHVVHGE\'33+DVVD\ It was found that1mg of Amla extract possesses antioxidant property equivalent to 1.45 μM/L of gallic acid. RBC MDA levels were VLJQL¿FDQWO\GHFUHDVHGZLWKWKHLQFUHDVLQJFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRI$POD 5%& UHGXFHG JOXWDWKLRQH OHYHOV ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQFUHDVHG ZLWK the increasing concentrations of Amla extract in 50mmol glucose treated groups. Red cell count and its indices were improved with the increasing concentrations of Amla. Also, at higher concentrations, $POD UHVWRUHG WKH 5%& PHPEUDQH LQWHJULW\ 3ODVPD LQYLWUR VWXG\ DOVRVKRZV$PODLPSURYHGWKHSODVPD0'$3&27RWDOSURWHLQDQG albumin levels. Conclusions: Amla extract effectively protected the red blood cells and plasma proteins from the reactive oxygen species induced oxidative damage. Keywords: Oxidative Stress, Amla Extract, Red Blood Cells, Anti Oxidant.

Ind J Clin Biochem

PO147 Comparison of different methods for measuring proteinuria in patients with and without diabetes mellitus Rahinaz, Neelam M Pawar, Pragna Rao Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal - 576104, Karnataka, India. Background: 3URWHLQXULD LV WKH H[FUHWLRQ RI GLIIHUHQW PROHFXODU weight proteins in urine. There are different methods to estimate proteinuria. Commonly used methods are automated biuret, dipstick DQGWXUELGRPHWULFPHWKRG:HXVHG%LXUHWDQGVXOIRVDOLF\OLF66$ turbidometric method for protein by taking BSA & peptone as standards(std) for boththe methodsin patients with and without DM. Objective: To estimate and compare different methods of estimation of urinary protein in patients with and without DM. Methods: 5DQGRPXULQHVDPSOHVIURPGLDEHWLFSDWLHQWVQ DQG IURP QRUPDOV Q ZKLFK ZHUH VHQW WR WKH ELRFKHPLVWU\ ODE IRU analysis were selected. Urinary proteins were estimated by Biuret PHWKRG XVLQJ &2%$6 F 3URWHLQXULD ZDV PHDVXUHG LQ the same samples by spectrophotometry using sulfosalicylic (SSA) precipitation as well as Biuret method. Two different proteins with different molecular weights – Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and peptone were used as standards for both the methods.The values were then compared to that obtained from COBAS automated analyser in all subjects. DM was assessed based on American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2015. Results: 8ULQDU\ 3URWHLQ HVWLPDWHG E\ &2%$6 DXWR DQDO\VHU SRVLWLYHO\ FRUUHODWHG ZLWK XULQDU\ 3URWHLQ E\ %LXUHW PHWKRG ZLWK %6$DVVWGU S DVZHOODVE\3HSWRQHDVVWGU S VLJQL¿FDQWO\,WDOVRFRUUHODWHGZLWKXULQDU\3URWHLQE\66$ PHWKRGZLWK%6$DVVWGU S DVZHOODVSHSWRQHDVVWG U S DOWKRXJKQRQVLJQL¿FDQW Conclusion:3URWHLQXULDLQGLDEHWLFVLVDPL[RIDOEXPLQDQGRWKHU small molecular weight proteins. Using different methods and different standards may help to differentiate between the two groups.

PO148 6LJQL¿FDQFH RI VXSSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI DQWLR[LGDQWV vitamin-E and vitamin-C therapy in third trimester pre-eclampsia Sadanand B. Patil, M. V. Kodliwadmath*, Sheela M. Kodliwadmath**, Mamatha B. Patil*** Dept of Biochemistry, J N Medical College, Belgaum Dept of Biochemistry, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur * Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur ** Dept of Medicine, RajaRajeswari Medical College, Bangalore *** Aim and Objectives: 3UHHFODPSVLD LV D K\SHUWHQVLYH GLVRUGHU DQG is one of the most leading causes for maternal and fetal mortality. 2EMHFWLYHRIWKLVVWXG\ZDVWRDQDO\]HHI¿FDF\RIRUDODGPLQLVWUDWLRQ RIDQWLR[LGDQWVRQOLSLGSUR¿OHGXULQJWKLUGWULPHVWHUSUHHFODPSVLD and ascertDLQSURJQRVWLFVLJQL¿FDQFHLIDQ\DIWHUVXSSOHPHQWDWLRQRI

antioxidants Vitamin-E and Vitamin-C therapy in third trimester preeclampsia. Methods and Materials: The study comprised of 25 women in 3rdtrimester pre-eclampticattending District Civil Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka (India) as subjects who were supplemented RUDOO\ZLWKDQWLR[LGDQWVYLWDPLQ(DQGYLWDPLQ&IRUGD\V:KROH blood was drawn fasting at 0th day, 15th day and 30th day and used to evaluate malondialdehyde (MDA) a product of lipid peroxidation DQGOLSLGSUR¿OH7RWDO&KROHVWHURO+'/&7ULJO\FHULGHV9/'/& /'/&DQGIUHHIDWW\DFLG6WDWLVWLFDOVLJQL¿FDQFHZDVGHWHUPLQHGE\ $129$DQGPXOWLSOHFRPSDULVRQWHVWV Results: 7KHUH ZDV VLJQL¿FDQW GHFUHDVH LQ OLSLG SHUR[LGDWLRQ (MDA),triglyceride and VLDL-C in 15th and 30th day of vitamin WUHDWPHQWDVFRPSDUHGWRWKGD\3 7RWDOFKROHVWHUROOHYHOV DQGIUHHIDWW\DFLGVKRZHGQRVLJQL¿FDQWGHFUHDVHDWWKGD\EXWDW WKGD\KDGVLJQL¿FDQWGHFUHDVHZKHQFRPSDUHGZLWKWKGD\3 $VLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHLQ+'/&ZDVREVHUYHGDWWKGD\3 7KHOHYHORI/'/&VKRZHGQRVLJQL¿FDQWGHFUHDVHDWWK GD\EXWDWWKGD\KDGVLJQL¿FDQWGHFUHDVHZKHQFRPSDUHGZLWKWK GD\3 Conclusions: Our result shows decreased peroxidation and LPSURYHPHQW LQ /LSLG SUR¿OH DQG WKH DVVRFLDWHG UHGXFWLRQ in occurrence of pre-eclampsia in Vitamin-E and vitamin-C supplemented group.

PO149 To evaluate the changes in the level of lipid peroxidation markers and antioxidants in preclamptic pregnant women and its comparison with normotensive pregnant women Sonal Soghani Introduction: 3UHHFODPSVLDLVDFRPSOH[PXOWLV\VWHPGLVRUGHUWKDW is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria which is exclusively seen in human species. This disorder is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is seen that placental oxidative stress is involved in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. This oxidative stress induces endothelial cell injury which in turn causes lipid peroxidation. Although the lipid peroxidation is counteracted by the action of several antioxidants. Aim: The aim of this study was to elucidate the changes in the level of lipid peroxidation markers and antioxidants in preeclamptic pregnant women that may contribute to the pathogenesis in preeclampsia. Material and Methods: 7KLUW\ ¿YH SUHJQDQW ZRPHQ clinically diagnosed as preeclampsia were taken as subjects and an equal number of age matched, parity matched and gestation age matched healthy normotensive pregnant women were taken as controls for the study. Blood samples collected were estimated for Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) using standard spectrophotometric method and Vitamin C and Uric acid using standard colorimetric method. Comparison between both the groups was done by Student’s t-test.

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Results: 7KHOHYHOVRI0'$DQGXULFDFLGZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\HOHYDWHG S DQGWKHOHYHOVRI9LWDPLQ&DQG62'ZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\ decreased (p<0.001) in preeclamptic pregnant women as compared to the normotensive pregnant women.

PO151 Association between estimated desaturase activity and dyslipidemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Conclusions: The results of our study concluded that the increased levels of lipid peroxidation product (MDA) and depletion of antioxidant such as Vitamin C and SOD except uric acid in preeclamptic women may suggest that oxidative stress plays a key role in inducing oxidative stress and expression of preeclampsia.

Shilpa.S.Shetty1, Ullal Harshini Devi1, Suchetha Kumari N2. 1 Research Scholar, Nitte University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India. 2 Department of Biochemistry, KSHEMA, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.

PO150

Introduction: )DWW\DFLGVDUHVDLGWRSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQWKH development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The UROHRIIDWW\DFLGV)$V LQWKHFDXVHRIW\SHGLDEHWHVLVVWLOOQRW entirely clear, in particular with regard to their long-term effect. Desaturase enzymes are the rate-limiting enzymes in the desaturation pathway.

Role of vitamin C and phenolic compounds on crystallization and crystal growth-inhibition of struvite crystals - an in vitro study Surya Ram Duwal , Muhammed Manzoor A.P. , Raghavendra U.2, Rekha P.D.1 Yenepoya Research Centre1, Department of Biochemistry2, Yenepoya University, Mangalore. 1, 2

1

Introduction: Struvite stones are composed of magnesium DPPRQLXP SKRVSKDWH 0J1+4324.6H2O) and calcium carbonate (apatite) and are formed as a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections. Their rapid growth and high recurrence rates warrant for appropriate methods of treatment. Crystal growth in biogenic, natural and synthetic materials is generally regulated by the action of inhibitors, ranging from small ions, molecules to large macromolecules. Methods:In this in vitro studythe inhibitory effect of vitamin C and selected phenolic compounds (resorcinol, vanillin and salicylic acid) LQDUWL¿FLDOXULQHZDVLQYHVWLJDWHGDJDLQVWIRUPDWLRQRIVWUXYLWHDSDWLWH crystals. Struvite crystallization intensity was determined using spectrophotometric microdilution and single gel growth techniques. In addition, using an in vitro model, role of bacteria on crystallization, its urease activity and effect on media pH were examined for 24 h in synthetic urine.The crystals grown were characterized by XRD, )7,5DQG)(6(0 Results: Decrease in the number, dimension, growth rate and depth of growth of struvite crystals with the increasing concentrations of vitamin C and phenolic compounds was observed. As monitored by light microscopy, presence of these compounds in the media slowed the crystal growth and the crystals assumed an octahedral crystal KDELW )7,5 VSHFWUD RI VWUXYLWHFU\VWDOV UHYHDOHG WKH SUHVHQFH RI FKDUDFWHULVWLFIXQFWLRQDOJURXSV3RZGHU;5'VWXG\FRQ¿UPHGWKH structural similarity of all the crystals grown in vitro. Crystals grown in the presence of vitamin C and phenolic compound were pitted on WKHLUVXUIDFHDVVKRZQE\)(6(0 Conclusion: Vitamin C and phenolic compounds such asresorcinol, vanillin and salicylic acidcan modulate the formation of struvite crystals and can hence be explored in to their potential application in the inhibition of struvite stone formation.

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Aims and Objectives: :H DLPHG WR LQYHVWLJDWH HVWLPDWHG ' desaturase (D5D), D6 desaturase (D6D), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity and T2D risk. Materials and methods :H UHFUXLWHG W\SH GLDEHWLF VXEMHFWV XQGHUWKHDJHJURXSRI\HDUV:HHYDOXDWHGG\VOLSLGHPLDWRWDO cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and Low density lipoprotein cholesterol) and the association between D5D, D6D, and SCD activity, estimated with fatty acid product-toprecursor ratios derived from plasma fatty acid concentration and T2D risk Results and Conclusion: Estimated D5D activity was inversely associated with T2D risk, whereas D6D and SCD activities were positively associated with risk of T2D.Therefore Desaturase enzyme activities play a important role in the development of type 2 diabetes PHOOLWXV)DFWRUVZKLFKLQÀXHQFHWKHDFWLYLWLHVRIWKHVHGHVDWXUDVHV are likely to be of public health relevance.

PO152 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state with seizures D. Merriwin, Ananthi, G. S. R. Kedari, Abraham Sam Rajan, Guru Pawan Kumar Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam, Chennai Introduction: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is a life threatening emergency manifested by marked elevation of blood glucose, hyperosmolarity, profound dehydration and little or no ketosis. Aim: A rare case of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state presenting with altered sensorium and seizures. Case Study [Material]: A 70-year-old male was admitted with complains of sudden onset of altered sensorium. He had 2 episodes RI¿WVRQWKHGD\RIKRVSLWDOLVDWLRQKLVWRU\VXJJHVWLYHRIJHQHUDOLVHG WRQLF FORQLF VHL]XUHV3DWLHQW LV D NQRZQ FDVH RI 7\SH'0 DQG systemic hypertension for about 12 years and is on irregular treatment. 1R RWKHU VLJQL¿FDQW KLVWRU\ OLNH IHYHUVHL]XUHV V\QFRSH YRPLWLQJ loose stools, head injury, oliguria,chest pain or CAD were seen.

Ind J Clin Biochem

Results: Blood glucose- 641mg/dl, Urea- 45.1mg/dl, CreatininePJGO.HWRQHERGLHV1HJDWLYH6RGLXPP(TO3RWDVVLXP 3.2mEq/l, Chloride- 105mEq/l, Bicarbonate-18.5mEq/l, Serum osmolality- 327mOsm/kg, Urine Glucose +++, pH – 7.45, CT Brain showed Gross age related cerebral atrophy, Chronic lacunar infarct in ULJKWJDQJOLRFDSVXODUUHJLRQ%ORRGFXOWXUH1HJDWLYH Discussion: The initiating event in the Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is glycosuric diuresis. Glycosuria impairs the concentrating capacity of the kidney, further exacerbating water deprivation. The loss of more sodium than water leads to hyperosmolarity. The treatment of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state involves Vigorous intravenous rehydration Electrolyte replacement Administration of intravenous insulin Diagnosis and management of precipitating factors and prevention Conclusion: Glucose is a double edged weapon. Both increase and decrease in its level matters. So proper awareness should be created in Diabetes Mellitus patients to come for regular check up and take proper medications to prevent complications.

PO153 Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism using cord blood TSH Ankush Singhal, RanjanaMathur, Niranjan Raj purohit, Neha Jaiswal Department of Biochemistry, Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur, India. Introduction: Congenital Hypothyroidism is one of the major health problems in India and the main preventable cause of mental retardation in children. If diagnosed promptly and treated early, irreversible mental retardation can be prevented. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of cord blood TSH as a screening tool for congenital Hypothyroidism. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was done in 1953 neonates at birth who were delivered in Ummaid Hospital attached ZLWK'U610HGLFDO&ROOHJH-RGKSXUWRDQDO\VHWKHFRUGEORRG76+ levels. A repeat TSH & T4 estimation was done on 14thpostnatal day for those having abnormal values at birth.

PO154 Effect of micocytic hypochromic anaemia on glycation of hemoglobin in non diabetics Riddhi Patel, Kaushik Chaudhari, Riya Dixit, N. Haridas Department of Biochemistry, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India. Introduction: Microcytic hypochromic anaemia is highly prevalent LQWURSLFDOFRXQWU\OLNH,QGLD,URQGH¿FLHQF\LVPRVWFRPPRQFDXVH RI PLFURF\WLF K\SRFKURPLF DQDHPLD 7KH RSHUDWLRQDO GH¿QLWLRQ RI microcytic hypochromic anaemia is a decrease in haemoglobin ( < JPGO 0&9À 0&+SJ 7KH$PHULFDQ'LDEHWHV $VVRFLDWLRQ $'$ DQG :RUOG +HDOWK 2UJDQL]DWLRQ :+2 KDYH recently approved the use of HbA1c for screening and diagnosis of GLDEHWHV+E$FUHÀHFWVSDWLHQW¶VJO\FDHPLFVWDWXVRYHUWKHSUHYLRXV 3 months. HbA1c is majorly affected by blood glucose levels and also altered in other conditions such as haemolytic anaemia, KHPRJORELQRSDWKLHVSUHJQDQF\YLWDPLQ%GH¿FLHQF\ Aim and Objectives: 7KH DLP RI WKLV VWXG\ ZDV WR ¿QG WKH OHYHO of glycated haemoglobin in patients with microcytic hypochromic anaemia without diabetes and compare this level with normal healthy individuals. Material and Method: The study contained 30 participants between 18 to 70 years of age having microcytic hypochromic anaemia without diabetes with same number and age of normal healthy individuals was streamlined for the study. Their data of HbA1c (Immunoturbidimetry Ifcc- Colorimetry), fasting plasma glucose (Hexokinase Kinetic- Colorimetry), haemoglobin (Electrical Impendence- Automated Blood cell counter, Sysmex-21/Kx-21) and red cell indices were recorded. Results: :H IRXQG LQFUHDVHG OHYHOV RI +E$F LQ SDWLHQWV ZLWK microcytic hypochromic anaemia without diabetes as compared to controls. Conclusion: Our data suggest that; microcytic hypochromic anaemia must be ruled out before making diagnosis of diabetes on basis on HbA1c to avoid misdiagnosis.

PO155 A stXG\RIOLSLGSUR¿OHLQVDOLYDDQGVHUXPRI7\SH diabetes

Results: (OHYDWHG 76+ RI ! P,8/ ZDV QRWHG LQ QHRQDWHV (6.5%). 4 out of these 127 neonates who were recalled had elevated TSH & low T4 levels on retesting. Incidence of Congenital Hypothyroidism in our study was found out to be 2 per 1000 live births.

Saritha Harish1,2, Manjula Shantaram1 1 Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Post Graduate Centre, ChikkaAluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka, India 2 Diagnostic Laboratory, Primary Health Centre, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India

Conclusion: The incidence of 2 per 1000 live births was high as compared to other similar Indian studies, highlighting the need of universal screening for prompt diagnosis and early treatment of neonates born with Congenital Hypothyroidism.

Introduction:6DOLYDDELRORJLFÀXLGVHFUHWHGE\VDOLYDU\JODQGSOD\V a role in medical science over blood or serum samples. Collection of saliva is simple, economical and requires minimal involvement of

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PHGLFDOSHUVRQQHO3DWLHQWVZLWK7\SHGLDEHWHVPHOOLWXVDUHNQRZQ to have a compromised salivary function as the patients are more prone to dyslipidaemia which further leads to cardiovascular diseases. 7\SH'0LQÀXHQFHVRQOLSLGRISDWLHQWVZKLFKLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWK increased Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) risk. Therefore, lipid SUR¿OHDQDO\VLVLVDPXVWIRUWKHWUHDWPHQWDVSHFWDQGFOLQLFDOUHYLHZV in type 2 diabetes. Aim and Objectives:7RFRPSDUHWKHVDOLYDU\DQGVHUXPOLSLGSUR¿OH levels in type 2 diabetes and healthy controls.

Results: 6PRNHUV ZLWK FKURQLF SHULRGRQWLWLV VKRZHG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ higher periodontal damage and systemic oxidative stress compared WR QRQVPRNHUV ZLWK FKURQLF SHULRGRQWLWLV S 3RVW 653 improvement in the mean values (compared to respective baseline values) was observed in both the groups (p<0.001). Conclusions: Smokers with chronic periodontitis exhibited more periodontal damage and higher systemic oxidative stress burden than non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. Under the study condition, 653ZDVHIIHFWLYHLQLPSURYLQJSHULRGRQWDODQGV\VWHPLFR[LGDWLYH stress markers in both the groups. The promising results of this study may have application in tobacco control program.

Materials & Methods: A total of 60 subjects with average age between 30 – 80 years (30 diabetes and 30 healthy controls) were selected for the study. Unstimulated whole saliva and venous blood were collected after overnight fasting and centrifuged for further SURFHGXUHV&RQFHQWUDWLRQRIJOXFRVHDQGSDUDPHWHUVRIOLSLGSUR¿OH were measured by enzymatic kit methods.

Keywords: Oxidative stress, biochemical markers, chronic periodontitis, scaling and root planing, smoking.

Results: There was a moderate level of correlation between serum and salivary cholesterol and triglycerides. A low correlation between HDL and glucose levels was observed.

PO157

Conclusion: Saliva can be used as a non-invasive medium in the LGHQWL¿FDWLRQDQGGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIJOXFRVHDQGOLSLGSUR¿OHOHYHOLQ type 2 diabetes. Key words: 7\SHGLDEHWHV6DOLYD6HUXPDQG/LSLG3UR¿OH

PO156 Effectiveness of Scaling and Root Planning (SRP) on periodontal parameters and some systemic oxidative stress markers in smokers with chronic periodontitis Abdul Samad Aziz1, Madhav Govind Kalekar1, Adinath Narayan Suryakar2 1 Department of Biochemistry, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai. 2Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidhyapeeth, Pune. Background: Tobacco smoking is one of the main risk factor associated with periodontitis. Co-occurrence of periodontitis with VPRNLQJ KDELW EHFRPHV D VLJQL¿FDQW VRXUFH RI 526 SURGXFWLRQ leading to oxidative stress. This study comparatively assesses the VKRUWWHUPHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIVFDOLQJDQGURRWSODQLQJ653 RQFOLQLFDO periodontal parameters and some systemic oxidative stress markers between male smokers and non smokers with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 131 males with sever chronic SHULRGRQWLWLV &$/PP ZHUH GLYLGHG LQWR *URXS , Q PHDQ DJH ZLWKRXW VPRNLQJ KDELWV &3 DQG *URXS ,, Q PHDQ DJH ZLWK VPRNLQJ KDELWV &360 7KH FOLQLFDO periodontal evaluation was done by measuring gingival index (GI), SODTXH LQGH[ 3, 3URELQJGHSWK3' DQGFOLQLFDODWWDFKPHQWORVV (CAL). The oxidative stress markers estimated were TAOC and 0'$653ZDVSHUIRUPHGRQERWKWKHVWXG\JURXSVZLWKDIROORZ up after 3 months.

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Comparison of cardiovascular risk between diabetic & non-diabetic end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing haemodialysis Priya.K, Sangeeta.K, S.Fayaz Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh Background: This study proposes to see whether end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing haemodialysis with additional diabetes mellitus exhibit increased cardiovascular risk markers in comparison to end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing haemodialysis without diabetes mellitus. Objectives: In this study, an attempt has been made to compare the /LSLGSUR¿OHDQG¿EULQRJHQDVLQÀDPPDWRU\PDUNHUVIRUDVVHVVLQJ cardiovascular risk between diabetic and non-diabetic end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Material and Methods: :HHQUROOHGSDWLHQWVRIERWKVH[ZLWK diabetes mellitus end stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis and 32 non - diabetic end stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis. Results: 2XU GDWD FDPH RXW ZLWK D VLJQL¿FDQW LQFUHDVH LQ WKH SDUDPHWHUV OLNH SODVPD ¿EULQRJHQ SODVPD JOXFRVH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ DWKHURJHQLFLQGH[7&+'/F VHUXPOLSLGSUR¿OH7&/'/F7* VLDLc) and decrease in serum HDLc in diabetic ESRD patients in comparison to non diabetic ESRD patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Conclusion: 2XU VWXG\ KDG VKRZQ D VLJQL¿FDQW HOHYDWLRQ LQ SODVPD ¿EULQRJHQ OHYHO VHUXP OLSLG SUR¿OH DQG DWKHURJHQLF LQGH[ (TC/HDLc) in diabetic ESRD patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis which indicates higher risk of adverse cardiac events and atherosclerosis as a major cause of coronary heart disease in diabetic ESRD patients.

Ind J Clin Biochem

PO158 6WXG\RIXULFDFLGDQGOLSLGSUR¿OHLQW\SHGLDEHWHV mellitus

Materials and Methods: Study group comprised of 114 patients diagnosed as having ACS based on clinical and bio-chemical criteria. &RQWUROJURXSLQFOXGHGDJHDQGVH[PDWFKHGVXEMHFWV1RQ$&6 cases) using the same criteria.

Riya Dixit, Riddhi Patel, Kaushik Chaudhari, Hitesh Shah Department of Biochemistry, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India.

Results: ,QWKLVVWXG\VLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHRIPHDQYDOXHVRIVHUXP 0'$ DQG VLJQL¿FDQW GHFUHDVH LQ7$& OHYHO ZDV REVHUYHG LQ$&6 cases when compared with controls.

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder. It may be associated with a number of complications including nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, diabetic foot and macro and micro vascular diseases. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ D JURXS RI DEQRUPDOLWLHV K\SHULQVXOLQDHPLD dyslipidemia, obesity and vascular abnormalities. These groups of abnormalities are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disorder.

Conclusion: Oxidative stress is markedly observed in ACS cases, MDA increased and TAC is decreased.

Aim and Objectives: Tostudy the levels of Serum Uric Acid and /LSLG3UR¿OHLQSDWLHQWVZLWK7\SH'LDEHWHV0HOOLWXVDQGFRPSDUH the values with normal subjects. Material and Method: The study contained 30 participants between 18 to 70 years of age having type 2 diabetes mellitus with +%$F!DQG)%6!PJGOZLWKVDPHQXPEHUDQGDJH of normal healthy individuals was streamlined for the study. Their data ofHigh Density Lipoprotein(HDL) (Enzymatic homogenous colorimetric), Total Cholesterol(End point Cholesterol Oxidase 3HUR[LGDVH 7ULJO\FHULGH(QG SRLQW *32 3$3 PHWKRG 8ULF $FLG(QG SRLQW 8ULFDVH 3HUR[LGDVH +E$F,PPXQRWXUELGLPHWU\ ,)&& &RORULPHWU\ IDVWLQJ SODVPD JOXFRVH+H[RNLQDVH .LQHWLF Colorimetry) were recorded. Results: :H IRXQG LQFUHDVHG OHYHOV RI VHUXP XULF DFLG 7RWDO Cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , triglyceride , and decreased levels of HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients as compared to controls. Conclusion: Due to long term duration of diabetes, serum uric DFLG DQG OLSLG SUR¿OH DUH QRW RQO\ HDUO\ GLDJQRVWLF PDUNHUV IRU cardiovascular disease and renal disease but also helps in prognostic monitoring of the disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

PO160 A study of serum catalase, SOD and MDA levels in drug naive schizophrenia patients Nivedita S. Shireshi, 1K.S.Devaraju, 2 Raghavendra.B.Nayak Department of Biochemistry, Karnataka University Dharwad 2 Dharwad Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Dharwad 1 1

O

xidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Schizophrenia.The primary antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT),Super oxide dismutase(SOD) involved in the prevention of oxidative damage by degrading hydrogen peroxide WR ZDWHU DQG R[\JHQ ZLWK KLJK HI¿FLHQF\ DQG GHWR[L¿FDWLRQ RI superoxide radicals respectively.Malondialdehyde is the end product of the Lipid peroxidation process which occurs due to oxidative stress. 6HUXP VDPSOHV RI 6FKL]RSKUHQLD SDWLHQWV 1 ZHUH PHDVXUHG IRU 0'$62' DQG &$7 DQG FRPSDUHG ZLWK WKH FRQWUROV1 The Schizophrenia patients who were not treated, and their age between 18-45, meeting with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 9'609 FULWHULDDQGVHYHULW\OHYHOVDUHPHDVXUHGE\3RVLWLYHDQG 1HJDWLYH6\QGURPH6FDOH3$166 ZHUHLQFOXGHGLQWKLVVWXG\,WZDV found that an average activities of SOD and CAT were 16.86 units/ml and 42.60 units/ml respectively in schizophrenia patients which were lower activities compared to the controls where activities of SOD and CATwere found 22.43 units/ml and 63.86 units/ml respectively. $QG 0DORQGLDOGHK\GH OHYHOV ZHUH IRXQG VLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHU LQ Schizophrenia patients compared to controls. This indicated that the impairmentof primaryantioxidant enzymes activities could contribute to the oxidative stress in the Schizophrenia.

PO159 Oxidative stress in acute coronary syndrome Kalyan Kumar, P.Srilakshmi, K. Rambabu Dept. of Biochemistry, Mamata Medical College, Rotary nagar, Khammam, Telangana State, India. Introduction: Oxidative stress and free radicals are known to have important roles in the development of atherosclerosis, which is the underlying cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Malondialdehyde (MDA), a carbonile group produced during lipid peroxidation, is used widely in determining oxidative stress. This study of oxidative stress is in terms of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).

PO161 Changes in serum C-reactive protein and uric acid levels in hyperthyroid patient Amita Parmar, Meena Varma, M.K.S. Shaikh, Harisingh Makwane Introduction: Hyperthyroidism is a condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormone by thyroid gland. Some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism include nervousness, irritability, LQFUHDVHGSHUVSLUDWLRQKHDUWUDFLQJKDQGWUHPRUVDQ[LHW\GLI¿FXOW\ VOHHSLQJWKLQQLQJRIWKHVNLQ¿QHEULWWOHKDLUDQGPXVFXODUZHDNQHVV

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Aims and objectives: The aim of present study is to assess the association of hyperthyroidism with serum C-reactive protein and uric acid. Materials and methods: The present study was carried out in Department of Biochemistry, Shri Aurobindo Institute of Medical 6FLHQFH DQG 3 * ,QVWLWXWH ,QGRUH 7KH VWXG\ JURXS FRPSULVHG RI 70 directly diagnosed patients between the age of 21 - 70 years. Subjects are divided into two groups, 1st group was the healthy FRQWURO Q QG JURXS ZDV K\SHUWK\URLG SDWLHQWV Q 7KH IROORZLQJ LQYHVWLJDWLRQ ZHUH FDUULHG RXW (VWLPDWLRQ RI VHUXP &53E\WXUELGLPHWULFLPPXQRDVVD\ (VWLPDWLRQRIVHUXPXULFDFLG by uricase enzymatic method. Result: In our study serum C-reactive protein and uric acid both were VKRZLQJ VWDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW LQFUHDVH LQ FDVH JURXS FRPSDUH WR control group with p value < 0.001. Conclusion: Result of our study suggested that the hyperthyroidsm is DVVRFLDWHGZLWKVHUXP&53DQGXULFDFLGOHYHO%RWKSDUDPHWHUOHYHOV are also showing increase in cardiovascular diseases in many studies. As we can also conclude that hyperthyroidism may be the cause of cardiocvascular diseases. Keyword: Hyperthyroidism, C-reactive protein, uric acid.

PO162 Effect of integrated yogic practices on body FRPSRVLWLRQVHUXPOLSLGSUR¿OHDQGR[LGDWLYHVWUHVV status in obese adults Balakrishna Shetty,1 Geetha B Shetty,2 Manjula Shantaram,3 Manjunath N K4 1 Department of Biochemistry.2Department of Energy Medicine, SDM College of Naturopathy And Yogic Sciences, Ujire, Karnataka, India. 3 PG Department Of Biochemistry, Mangalore University, PG Centre, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka, India 4 Swami Vivekananda Yoga Research Foundation, Bengaluru. Background/Objectives: Obesity is a global health burden and results from excess accumulation of fat due to positive energy balance, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, stress and LQÀDPPDWLRQZLWKLQWKHDGLSRVHWLVVXH$PDMRUFDXVHRIREHVLW\ZDV found to be improper lifestyle and stress, leading to excessive lipid peroxidation, indicating increased production of reactive oxygen VSHFLHV 526 JHQHUDWLQJ R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV
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SDFNDJH7KHUH ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQW FKDQJHV LQ WKH ERG\ ZHLJKW S %0, S ZDLVW FLUFXPIHUHQFH S +'/ FKROHVWHUROS /'/+'/&KROHVWHUROS DQG0'$ S DIWHU\RJDZKHQFRPSDUHGWRWKDWEHIRUHWKH\RJLFSUDFWLFHV Conclusion: 7KHVWXG\GHPRQVWUDWHVWKHHI¿FDF\RI\RJLFSUDFWLFHV RQ %0, OLSLG SUR¿OH DQG R[LGDWLYH VWUHVV PDUNHU LQ SDWLHQWV ZLWK obesity and suggests that yogic practices may have therapeutic and SURWHFWLYHHIIHFWVRQREHVLW\E\GHFUHDVLQJVHUXPOLSLGSUR¿OHDQG oxidative stress. Keywords: 2EHVLW\
PO163 Relationship of raised serum total and protein bound sialic acid levels with lipoprotein (a) and their correlation in subjects with diabetes mellitus along with angiographically proven coronary artery disease V.S. Shah Aims: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder and is associated with many complications, the most prevalent being the coronary artery disease which is the major cause of sudden death. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is reaching epidemic proportions in India, in the absence of traditional risk factors. Lipoprotein (a) (Lp (a)) and Sialic acid concentrations are related to both atherogenesis, WKURPERJHQHVLVDQG LQÀDPPDWLRQ DQG PD\ EH D NH\ OLQN EHWZHHQ LQÀDPPDWLRQ DQG &$'7KH SUHVHQW VWXG\ ZDV GHVLJQHG WR DVVHVV serum sialic acid and lipoprotein (a) levels and their association insubjects with diabetes mellitus along with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. Design and Methods: The present study was conducted in 49 subjects with known case of diabetes along with angiographicaly proven CAD and results were compared with diabetic control subjects Q :H HYDOXDWHG IDVWLQJ JOXFRVH 3ODVPD *O\FDWHG+E$F 6HUXP WRWDO DQG SURWHLQ ERXQG VLDOLFDFLG IDVWLQJ OLSLG SUR¿OH DQG serum Lipoprotein (a) levels in study population. Results: In our study plasma GlycatedHbA1c, fasting glucose, OLSLGSUR¿OH6HUXPWRWDODQGSURWHLQERXQGVLDOLFDFLGOHYHOVZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ HOHYDWHGZKLOVW +'/& H[KLELWHG GHFOLQH LQ VXEMHFWV with diabetes along with angiographicaly proven CAD as compared ZLWK GLDEHWLF FRQWURO VXEMHFWV 7RWDO VLDOLF DFLG VKRZHG VLJQL¿FDQW positive correlation with HbA1C (p<0.01) and Lipoprotein (a) S OHYHOV7KHUHZDVQRVLJQL¿FDQWFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQSURWHLQ bound sialic acid HbA1C (p<0.01) and Lipoprotein (a) (p<0.01) levels. Conclusion: ,QFRQFOXVLRQEDVHGRQWKHIRUHJRLQJGDWDDVLJQL¿FDQW elevation of total and protein bound sialic acid and Lipoprotein (a) levels in subjects with diabetes mellitus along with angiographically proven coronary artery disease compared with diabetic control subjects can beused as a predictor of high risk in pathogenesis of CAD in diabetic patients.

Ind J Clin Biochem

PO164 Anti-depressant effects of a polyherbal formulation validated in wistar kyoto rat - an animal model of adolescent depression Reshma A. Shetty, Monika Sadananda Brain Research Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka Introduction: Very little is known regarding development RIGHSUHVVLRQ GXULQJ SXEHUW\ 3UHVFULSWLRQ RI DGXOW SV\FKRWLFV KDV adverse effects including suicidal tendenciessince the adolescent EUDLQLVVWLOOGHYHORSLQJ$GROHVFHQWGHSUHVVLRQLVWKHUHIRUHGLI¿FXOW to treat, so new antidepressants with no adverse effects are required. Leveraging of Indian Ayurveda constitutes complementary or alternative therapies. Anti-depressant and anxiolytic effects of natural antidepressants such as Bacopamonniera, Convolvulus pluricaulis (Shankhpushpi), Nardostachysjatamansi roots/rhizomes have been validated/used in therapy of mental disorders. Aims and objectives: :KLOH HWKQRSKDUPDFRORJLFDO FRPSRXQGV have been tested in adult models, not much emphasis is given to adolescents. Therefore the present study was undertaken toevaluate the anti-depressant and anxiolytic effect of polyherbalformulation, 0HQWRQH LQ :LVWDU.\RWR UDW :.< DQ HQGRJHQRXV PRGHO RI adolescent depression. Materials and Methods: $GROHVFHQWPDOH:.
PO165 Neurochemistry of brain areas implicated in depression in adult female wistar-kyoto rat Gowthama Kumar P, Deepthi D’Souza ,Monika Sadananda Brain Research Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, India Introduction: Research on animal models of psychiatric disorders KDVEHHQFDUULHGRXWPDLQO\RQPDOHVOHDGLQJWRJHQGHUELDV)HPDOHV are prone to stress-related major depression with conventional antidepressants found to be less effective in females. There is a need

to study mechanisms underlying treatment-resistant depression in females for better interventions. Aims and objectives: To assess levels of biogenic amines (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine) and their metabolites in brain areas of IHPDOH:LVWDU.\RWRUDWV:.< LQRUGHUWRYDOLGDWHWKHPRGHOIRU depression based on construct. Materials and methods: Brain areas - prefrontal cortex, dorsal/ ventral striatum and hippocampus were micro dissected from brains RI DGXOW IHPDOH :.< DQG FRQWURO :LVWDU UDWV 6DPSOH SUHSDUDWLRQ for the detection of neurotransmitter levels of Dopamine (DA), Serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic DFLG '23$& +RPRYDQLOOLF DFLG +9$ K\GUR[\LQGROH DFHWLFDFLG +,$$ DORQJ ZLWK 1RUHSLQHSKULQH1( ZDV FDUULHG out as per standard protocols. Supernatant was assayed for levels of biogenic amines by manually injecting onto a C-18 reverse SKDVHFROXPQFRQQHFWHGWRDQHOHFWURFKHPLFDOGHWHFWRU:DWHUV 4XDQWL¿FDWLRQRIELRJHQLFDPLQHVDQGWKHLUPHWDEROLWHVZDVFDUULHG out by comparing peak areas of samples to the standards and were expressed as ng of neurotransmitter /g of wet tissue. Results: )HPDOH :.< UDWV H[KLELWHG GHFUHDVHG OHYHOV RI norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the hippocampus, dorsal/ ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex when compared to age-matched :LVWDUVZKHUHDVWKHOHYHOVRIWKHLUPHWDEROLWHV'23$C, HVA and 5-HIAA was increased. Conclusion: Decrease in the levels of biogenic amines in brain areas RIIHPDOH:.
PO166 Meconium aspiration syndrome with septicemia and Rh incompatibility Mrinalini, Sanjeev, Reeta Dr. Patwardhans Pathology Laboratory Gobindnivas Furniture Bazar, Ulahasnagar -, Thane. Rational behind the study: This uncommon complicated caseof meconium aspiration syndrome with septicemia with Rh incompatibility was successfully treated in secondary care center without any complications. Diagnosis:%DE\GHOLYHUHGE\ZLWK/6&6%DE\¶VPRWKHU*3 /$ ZDV%5K1HJDWLYHDQGKDGUHFHLYHGDQWL'RQO\WZLFH%DE\ had meconium aspiration and respiratory distress. On admission to 1,&8EDE\KDGWHFKDSQHD55PLQ )ROORZLQJLQYHVWLJDWLRQV GRQH&%&+EJP7/&3HULSKHUDOVPHDU¿QGLQJV PDFURF\WHVZLWKODWHQRUPREODVWVDQGSRO\FKURPDWLFUEFV&53 56 .Total and direct bilirubin- 11.9 and 3.4 mg %. Blood group B Rh SRVLWLYH'LUHFW&RRPEVWHVWSRVLWLYH3RUWDEOH;UD\FKHVWVKRZHG bilateral opacity. Intervention: Baby was put on I V merupenum,amicacinand PHWURJ\OFRPELQDWLRQ2Q¿IWKGD\+E7/&ZDV&53 Total and direct bilirubin- 19.9 and 8.8 mg %.. To check Keranicttrus, /3GRQH&6)SURWHLQPJVXJDUPJ0LFURVFRS\QXFOHDWHG cells /cu mm. 50 %polymorphs, 50 % lymphocytes. On same day

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baby was given exchange transfusion with double volume ETC one bottle. It was well accepted by baby.On 11 the day all repeated parameters were normal.Blood transfusion has cured both problems- septicemia and Rh incompatibility. Outcome: After a year baby is healthy with normal mile stones. Lesson: If biochemist, pathologist and clinician work harmoniously, correct diagnosis can achived and patient can be managed successfully.

PO167 Variations in biochemical parameters in dengue viral infection Ramya Shetty3, Shaila D’souza3, Deepak Kumar2, Asha Patil1, Kusumakshi Nayak1, 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 2Department of Pathology, KMC, Manipal University, Manipal, 3Center for Virus Research, Manipal University, Manipal Introduction: Dengue is an acute infectious arboviral disease present most commonly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, caused by four serotypes of Dengue virus. Clinical features of the disease varies from mild to severe to lethal in some casesin which patients present with fever, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, K\SRWHQVLRQ DQG FRPD EDVHG RQ ZKLFK LWLV FODVVL¿HG LQWR 'HQJXH fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic fever and Dengue shock syndrome. Early diagnosis is important to monitor and provide proper care to the patients. Estimation of biochemical parameters isused as part of diagnostic workup in Dengue patients. Evaluation of these parameters can guide in early and better management of patients. Aim: Evaluation of biochemical parameters in the serum of Dengue patients Objectives: To compare thebiochemical parameters with their normal values in Dengue patients. Material and Methods: The biochemical data of 108 dengue patients were collected retrospectively from Medical Records at Kasturba hospital, Manipal during the year July 2013 to August 2014. Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminotransferase, creatinine SKRVSKRNLQDVH &.&3. $ONDOLQH 3KRVSKDWDVH 'LUHFW ELOLUXELQ Total bilirubin, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea, Creatinine, Sodium data were included. Results: Raised Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine $PLQRWUDQVIHUDVH&.&3.$ONDOLQH 3KRVSKDWDVH 'LUHFW ELOLUXELQ Globulin, Urea and Creatinine And lower level of Sodium, Albumin, Total protein were observed. Total bilirubin was normal in 50 % patients, whereas some patients had elevated level and others had lower level of Total bilirubin. Conclusion: Right and timely assessment of these data may help physician in taking effective care and monitoring the patient’s condition in severe cases of Dengue fever which may also reduce the morbidity and mortality rate in patients.

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PO168 Cross-sectional study comparing serum antioxidant capacity among normal pregnancy and pre-eclamptic women during antenatal and postnatal period Anupama V, 1Jenu Maria Thomas, 1*Revathi P. Shenoy, Parvathi V Bhat 1 Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal 2 Department of OBG, Dr. TMA Pai Hospital, Udupi 1 2

Introduction:3UHHFODPSVLDDK\SHUWHQVLYHGLVRUGHURISUHJQDQF\ occurs after the 20th week of gestation which is speculated to be caused by endothelial dysfunction. Various studies have shown that oxidative stress is one of the major causes of endothelial dysfunction due to an imbalance in redox homeostasis. This study was designed to measure ferric reducing antioxidant levels, the index of nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity in a serum of preeclampsia patients. Objective:7RHVWLPDWHDQGFRPSDUHWKHOHYHOVRI)5$3LQWKHVHUXP of pre- eclamptic and normal women during antenatal, postnatal period. Method: Ethical clearance was obtained from institutional ethical FRPPLWWHH 7KLV 6WXG\ ZDV FRQGXFWHG DW 'U 70$ 3DL +RVSLWDO Udupi. 25 preeclampsia (cases) and 25 healthy (controls) pregnant women’s with a mean age of 26.64±3.14 years, free from major illness were included in the study. Blood samples from patients were collected during 34±2 weeks of gestation and after stabilization of EORRG SUHVVXUH LQ WKH SRVWQDWDO SHULRG 7KH )5$3 ZDV PHDVXUHG according to Benzie and Strain method. Results: 3RVWQDWDO)5$3OHYHOZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHGS LQWKHFDVHVFRPSDUHGWRDQWHQDWDO)5$3OHYHOZKHUHDVLQFRQWUROV SRVWQDWDO)5$3OHYHOVZHUHQRWVLJQL¿FDQWO\FKDQJHGFRPSDUHGWR DQWHQDWDO)5$3OHYHO%HVLGHVDQWHQDWDO)5$3OHYHOVVHHPWRQRW VLJQL¿FDQWO\ GLIIHUHQW DQG SRVWQDWDO )5$3 OHYHOV DUH VWDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQWEHWZHHQFDVHVDQGFRQWURO Conclusion: 3UHHFODPSWLF ZRPHQ VHHPHG WR KDYH UHGXFHG antioxidant capacity just after parturition than women with healthy pregnancy which may contribute increased susceptibility to endothelial dysfunction. Therefore this study paves the way towards reinforcing the effectiveness of antioxidant supplementation studies after parturition in preeclampsia.

PO169 History of weak cry and poor suck at birth in suspected respiratory chain disorder- a case report Saritha Kamath U1, Nalini Bhaskaranand2, Anjali Rao3 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal 2 Department of Paediatrics, 3Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India. Introduction: Respiratory chain disorder is an inborn errors of energy metabolism. Diagnosis of any IEM initiates with study of patients

Ind J Clin Biochem

family history, birth history, clinical symptoms. The initial laboratory LQGLFDWRUV PLJKW LQFOXGH ODFWDWH ODFWDWHSXUXYDWH UDWLR ZKLFK WHOOV about redox status in the cytoplasm. Structural abnormalities of PLWRFKRQGULDDQGDQDO\VLVRIHQ]\PHDVVD\DUHHVVHQWLDOWRFRQ¿UP the diagnosis. Here we present a case of suspected respiratory chain disorder who born at full term with good birth weight. Case report: A 11-month-old female baby born to nonconsanguinous parent was brought to our hospital because of lethargy and seizures. 3UHJQDQF\ SHULRG ZDV QRUPDO WKHUH ZDV QR SHULQDWDO LQVXOW 6KH was having a history of poor feeding, weak cry at birth and history of vomiting after feed. There was no delay in her developmental milestones till the age of 9 months after which she had episodes of seizures. Mother observed, there was a regression in milestones following seizures.

Results: AMH and TSH levels in patients of age ranging from 21-44 were obtained in 37 patients. Among which 13 patients (35.13%) were found to have high TSH levels with low fertility, 6 patients (16.216%) with high TSH level and satisfactory fertility, 3 patients (8.108%) with high TSH levels and very high fertility, 10 patients (22.027%) with high TSH levels and very low fertility and 5 patients (13.513%) with high TSH levels with proper ovarian fertility. Conclusion: As more patients with high TSH levels had low fertility EDVHG RQ $0+ OHYHOV K\SRWK\URLGLVP PD\ LQÀXHQFH IXQFWLRQDO ovarian reserve and hence fertility.

PO171 Anaphylaxis following oral ranitidine: a case report

Her physical examination was remarkable for lethargy, axial hypotonia. Results of baseline metabolic work up and MRI suggestive of mitochondrial disorder. Hence treated with megavitamin which LQFOXGHGWKLDPLQHULERÀDYLQ&KLOGZDVUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHWUHDWPHQW unfortunately succumbed during setback.

Pragati Srivastava1, P.USaxena2, Ashwin Kamath3 1 Department of Pharmacology, KMC Mangalore Manipal University,Manipal 2 Department of Radio-Oncology, KMC Attavar Hospital Mangalore 3 Department of Pharmacology, KMC Mangalore, Manipal University Manipal

Comment: :HDN FU\ SRRU VXFN YRPLWLQJ RQ KLVWRU\ DQG OHWKDUJ\ with hypotonia on clinical examination warrants baseline metabolic workup. Referring babies with suspicion of IEM to higher centers helps in early diagnosis and proper intervention. Educating about these to parents and primary care takers may be useful in this respect.

Introduction: Ranitidine Hydrochloride is one of the most commonly XVHGGUXJIRU$FLG3HSWLF'LVHDVH,WLVXVXDOO\DZHOOWROHUDWHGGUXJ with minimal side effects like headache, gastrointestinal side effects and somnolence. Anaphylaxis is rarely seen with ranitidine.

PO170 Comparison of serum anti mullerian hormone and thyroid stimulation hormone in women with high TSH levels Arpita Chakraborty, Vinutha R. Bhat, Krishnananda Prabhu R.V. Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal Introduction: AMH (Anti Mullerian Hormone), a known biomarker of ovarian function is secreted by the follicles. In women who suffer from a condition known as diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), this can often be quite low, indicating that there are few remaining follicles within the ovary. Measurement of serum TSH is generally considered the best screening test for thyroid disease. Thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune thyroditis are associated with fertility problems in women of reproductive age. So this study was designed to compare serum AMH values in women with high TSH levels. Objective: To compare the levels of serum AMH and TSH in women with high TSH levels. Materials and Methods: After receiving ethical clearance from Institutional Ethical Committee 374 patients with AMH values were taken. Out of which 37 reports with both AMH and TSH tests in Kasturba Medical College, Manipal were considered for this study. All the reports were retrieved from Laboratory Information System (LIS) under supervision of Laboratory Incharge Dr. Ravindra Maradi under proper anonymization Comparison and correlation of variables were done using appropriate statistical tests.

Case Report: A 60 year old of Carcinoma left buccal mucosa, reported to the hospital with pain and edema over the left side of the face for one month. The patient was given tablet Ranitidine at the time of admission. Half an hour later the patient developed itching all over the body associated with breathlessness. The pulse rate dropped GRZQEORRGSUHVVXUHZDVQRWUHFRUGDEOHDQG322 was 60% without oxygen. The patient was put on oxygen with Inj Chlorpheniramine IV stat and Inj Hydrocortisone IV stat. After half an hour normal pulse rate and blood pressure was achieved.The incidence of anaphylactic reaction to H2 receptor blockers (cimetidine and ranitidine) and proton pump inhibitors (lansoprazole, omeprazole and pantoprazole) together has been reported to be 0.2-0.7%. Conclusion:$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH:+280& VFDOH WKH FDXVDOLW\ ZDV found to be probable. Awareness of this rare adverse reaction to ranitidine, a commonly used drug, could help in early recognition of the event if faced suddenly. Keywords: Anaphylaxis, oral ranitidine, acid peptic disease

PO172 Association of serum sialic acid levels in pre-diabetes and diabetes Sravya Poduri, Vijetha Shenoy B, Neelam M Pawar, Azadeh Bagheri, Varashree B S Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal. Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major health problem in developing countries like India. It is a chronic metabolic disorder that can lead to severe cardiovascular, renal, neurologic & retinal

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complications. In diabetes, acute phase reactants are considered as the indicators of microvascular angiopathy. Serum Sialic acid, an acute phase reactant, is found to be increased in DM. Screening for it in earliest stage can prevent the complications. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate serum sialic acid levels & glycated Hb levels & to assess their correlation. Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross sectional case control study was carried on 30 subjects who were being evaluated for their glycemic status. Based on ADA guidelines of HbA1C, the study subjects were divided into 3 groups, controls, pre diabetics & diabetics. HbA1C in blood was estimated using Ion-exchange +3/&PHWKRGLQ%LRUDG9DULDQW,,7XUER6HUXPVLDOLFDFLGOHYHOV ZHUHPHDVXUHGXVLQJPHWKRGRIPRGL¿HG7KLREDUELWXULFDFLGDVVD\ RI:DUUHQ Result and Conclusion: will be tabulated once entire processing is done. (Requesting to kindly consider the abstract in the present format)

PO173 Association of HbA1c and NT proBNP in patients with or without diabetes mellitus Vishal Singh Guleria1, Shobha U Kamath1, Krishnananda Prabhu1, Asha Kamath2 1 Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal 2 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal, Manipal University, Manipal Introduction: Measurement of HbA1c can help in prediction of vascular complications of diabetes in addition to glycemic control.Glycation of proteins and lipids are implicated in systemic LQÀDPPDWRU\ UHVSRQVH DQG GHYHORSPHQW RI DWKHURVFOHURVLV 6HUXP 17SUR%13DPDUNHURIP\RFDUGLDOZDOOVWUHVVLVDOVREHLQJXVHGLQ evaluation of other vascular complications since it is released from cardiac ventricles.However,the predictive role of HbA1cin various YDVFXODUGLVHDVHVDQGLWVDVVRFLDWLRQZLWKSUR%13LVQRWFOHDU7KLV study was designed to understand any association between the +E$FDQG17SUR%13LIH[LVWV Aim and Objective: 7R DVVRFLDWH WKH +E$F DQG17 SUR%13 LQ SDWLHQWV ZLWK RU ZLWKRXW GLDEHWHV KDYLQJ HOHYDWHG OHYHOV RI 17 SUR%13 Materials and Methods: SDWLHQWV ZLWK HOHYDWHG 17 SUR%13 OHYHOV ZHUH LQFOXGHG LQ WKLV VWXG\ 3DWLHQWV ZHUH FDWHJRUL]HG LQWR WKUHHJURXSV±1RQGLDEHWLF3UHGLDEHWLFDQG'LDEHWLFRQWKHEDVLVRI their HbA1c levels. Data obtained was statistically analyzed using .UXVNDO:DOOLVWHVW$SYDOXHZDVFRQVLGHUHGVLJQL¿FDQW Results:0HGLDQZLWKLQWHUTXDUWLOHUDQJHRI17SUR%13OHYHOVLQQRQ GLDEHWLF Q SUHGLDEHWLF Q DQGGLDEHWLF SDWLHQWV Q were found to be 2755.500 (455.475, 4291.0), 2959.0 (980.800, 11479.0) and 1781.0 (685.500, 6205.0) respectively. The p value was QRWVLJQL¿FDQW Conclusion: )URP WKLV VWXG\ ZH REVHUYHG WKDW GLDEHWLF JURXS SDWLHQWV KDG ORZHU 17 SUR%13 PHGLDQ YDOXH DV FRPSDUHG WR QRQ diabetic and prediabetic group patients. However this study lacks in power for this comparison.

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PO174 Effect of fenugreek seed extract, choline and docosahexaenoic acid on brain acetylcholinesterase activity of ovariectomized rats Ysphaneendra M1, Anjaneyulu K2, Kiranmai S Rai3, Padmanabha Udupa E G1, Kumar M R Bhat4 1 Dept. of Biochemistry, 1Dept. of Anatomy, 2 Dept. of Physiology, 3 Dept. of Anatomy, 1 Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India 2 Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India. 3 Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Scienes, RAK Medical & Health Science University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. Introduction: Acetylcholinesterase enzyme, found in the FKROLQHUJLFWHUPLQDOLVDVSHFL¿FFKROLQHHVWHUDVHZKLFKK\GURO\]HV predominantly choline esters (acetylcholine — ACh) present in high levels in the brain. These Cholinergic neurons in the brain DUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\DIIHFWHGE\FLUFXODWLQJOHYHOVRIHVWURJHQ&KROLQH and DHA(docosahexaenoic acid) are the major components of synaptic membrane, additionally choline is also a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Dietary supplementation of fenugreek seeds that contains phytoestrogens may limit the risks and side effects or in combination with Choline and DHA may be an alternative strategy to treat menopause induced neurodegenerative diseases. Objective:7RHYDOXDWHWKHHI¿FDF\RIIHQXJUHHNVHHGH[WUDFW)6( and Choline with DHA on brain acetylcholinesterase activity in ovariectomized rat model. Methodology:)HPDOH:LVWDUPRQWKVROGUDWVZHUHGLYLGHGLQWR JURXSVQ JURXS 1RUPDO &RQWURO RYDULHFWRP\ 29; 6KDP 29; 29; )HQXJUHHN )* K\GURDOFRKROLF H[WUDFW 29; &KROLQH'+$ 29; )* &KROLQH'+$ DQG 29; Estradiol. Groups 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were subjected for surgical ovariectomy. Dietary supplementation was initiated 15 days after ovariectomy for a period of 30 days. After the supplementation brains were dissected for estimation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Results: %UDLQ $&K( DFWLYLW\ LV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ S LQFUHDVHG in ovariectomized rats compared to same age match control group. 6XSSOHPHQWDWLRQ ZLWK )6( DORQH DQG &KROLQH ZLWK '+$ DORQH DOWKRXJK GHFUHDVHG WKH DFWLYLW\ EXW QRW WR WKH VLJQL¿FDQW OHYHO +RZHYHUDIWHUWKHVXSSOHPHQWDWLRQZLWK)6(DQG&KROLQHZLWK'+$ VLJQL¿FDQWO\S GHFUHDVHGWKLVHOHYDWLRQ Conclusion: The present study indicates that supplementation of )6( LQ FRPELQDWLRQ ZLWK &KROLQH'+$ FDQ VLJQL¿FDQWO\ GHFUHDVH the brain AChE activity.

Ind J Clin Biochem

PO175 Dietary hypercholesterolemia leads to oxidative stress challenging spermatogenesis in rat model Urban D’Souza, Anupam Biswas, Damodar D, Shankar Bhat KVG Medical College, Sullia, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore. Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia and obesity is a major health problem. Dietary habits and lack of physical exercise leads to obesity. Rich cholesterol diet is a cause for hyperlipidemia. There is a strong association between heperlipidemia, oxidative stress and infertility. Experimental evidences are lacking on hypercholesterolemia induced oxidative stress and sperm abnormalities. Aims and Objectives: To assess the hypercholesterolemia induced oxidative stress and abnormal spermatogenesis in rat model. Materials and Methods: Institutional ethical clearance was REWDLQHG :LVWDU DOELQR UDWV Q ZHUH WUHDWHG ZLWK FKROHVWHURO FKROLFDFLG LQVHSDUDWHJURXSVIRUDSHULRG of 30 days. Concurrently control groups were maintained. Body weight was recorded. On 31st day, blood was collected and MDA levels were estimated. Rats were killed, epididymes were removed and spermatogram for counts and abnormality were recorded. Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL & VLDL were HVWLPDWHG 'DWD ZDV DQDO\VHG E\ RQHZD\ $129$ IROORZHG E\ %RQIHUURQLSRVWKRFWHVW3ZDVWKHOHYHORIVLJQL¿FDQFH Results:%RG\ZHLJKWDQGREHVLW\LQGH[ZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVHG in cholesterol fed rats. A dose-dependent increase in cholesterol level was evident in cholesterol fed rats. MDA and LDL levels were VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQFUHDVHG 6SHUP FRXQW ZDV GHFUHDVHG DQG DEQRUPDO sperm percent was increased. Conclusion: Hypercholesterolemia results in an increase in oxidative stress and abnormal seprmatogenesis.

PO176 &RPSDULQJ OLSLG SUR¿OH RI GLDEHWLFV ZLWK QRQ diabetics Renu Bonal K, Jawad Tariq Mahmood Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with increasing global prevalence. Diabetes mellitus has been shown to affect the lipid metabolism. This study is an attempt to study association between diabetes mellitus and lipid abnormalities in the study population. Aim and objectives: The present study was aimed to study lipid SUR¿OHRIGLDEHWLFSDWLHQWVDQGWRFRPSDUHWKHPZLWKGHPRJUDSKLFDOO\ matched non-diabetic controls. Material and Method: $ WRWDO RI GLDEHWLF FDVHV )%633%6 !PJGO RI\UVZHUHHQUROOHGLQWKHVWXG\$QHTXDO number of demographically matched non-diabetic subjects were

HQUROOHGDVFRQWUROV/LSLGSUR¿OHRIWZRJURXSVZHUHDVVHVVHGDQG FRPSDUHG 7&! PJGO 7*! PJGO /'/! PJGO DQG HDL<40 mg/dl were taken as deranged lipid levels. Independent samples ‘t’-test and chi-square test was used to compare the data. Results: Majority of cases as well as controls were females. Mean age of cases was 47.10±11.26 and that of controls was 43.30±10.39 \HDUV%RWKWKHJURXSVZHUHPDWFKHGVWDWLVWLFDOO\IRUDJH0HDQ)%6 DQG33%6OHYHOVLQFDVHVZHUHDQGPJ dl as compared to 93.85±18.23 and 131.42±27.50 mg/dl respectively LQ FRQWUROV WKXV VKRZLQJ D VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WZR JURXSVS $OOWKHOLSLGSUR¿OHFRPSRQHQWV7&7*+'/ DQG/'/ ZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQFDVHVDVFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROV 3UHYDOHQFHRIG\VOLSLGHPLDZDVLQGLDEHWLFDQGLQFRQWUROV 6WDWLVWLFDOO\WKLVGLIIHUHQFHZDVVLJQL¿FDQW Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus was found to affect lipid levels strongly resulting in a higher proportion of lipid abnormalities in diabetics as compared to controls. Relatively higher proportion of G\VOLSLGHPLDLQFRQWUROVLQGLFDWHGQHHGIRUOLIHVW\OHPRGL¿FDWLRQLQ study population.

PO177 A study of dietary habits and early renal damage in diabetes mellitus patients. Swapnali,1 Ravikiran Kisan2 1 Department of Biochemistry, KoIMS, Madikeri, Karnataka, India. 2 Department of Physiology, KoIMS, Madikeri, Karnataka, India. Introduction: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia, due to impaired insulin secretion and its function. The risk factors for diabetes mellitus are obesity, diet, sedentary lifestyle, increased age, family history and metabolic syndrome. Aims and Objectives: 1) Toknow whether there is any relationship EHWZHHQ '0 DQG KLJK VHQVLWLYH &UHDFWLYH SURWHLQ KV&53 DQG microalbuminuria. 2) To compare the same in patients on vegetarian and mixed diet. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a total of 70 DM2 SDWLHQWVRIERWKVH[ZHUHVHOHFWHGUDQGRPO\IURP23'DQG,3'RI the tertiary care hospital. Of whom 35 were on vegetarian diet (group I) and 30 were on mixed diet (group II). Results: 7KH KV&53 DQG XULQH PLFURSURWHLQ OHYHOV ZHUH PRUH LQFUHDVHGLQJURXS,,WKDQJURXS,DQGLWZDVVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQW ZKHQJHQGHUZLVHFRPSDULVLRQRIKV&53DQGXULQHPLFURSURWHLQZDV done in group I and group II, it was more increased in group II than JURXS,DQGZDVQRWVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQW Conclusion: The present helps to understand that a simpl change in the dietary habits will be helpful to control the extent of renal damage and other associated complications in DM2 patients. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus type 2,vegetarian diet, mixed diet, high VHQVLWLYH&UHDFWLYHSURWHLQKV&53 PLFURDOEXPLQ

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PO178 In vitro screening for anticancer and antioxidant activity in the leaf extracts of FDHVDOSLQLDSXOFKHUULPD Vaishali Rai M, Vinitha Ramanath Pai Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore – 575018 Introduction: 3ODQWV PDNH HQRUPRXV FRQWULEXWLRQ WR KHDOWKFDUH GHVSLWH WKH DGYDQFHV LQ WKH PRGHUQ PHGLFLQH 3ODQWV KDYH EHHQ investigated for their medicinal and pharmacological activities. 7KHSKDUPDFRORJLFDOHI¿FLHQF\KDVEHHQDWWULEXWHGWRWKHSUHVHQFH of bioactive compounds called phytochemicals. Caesalpinia pulcherrima &3 FRPPRQO\ FDOOHG µ%DUEDGRV SULGH¶ KDV EHHQ reported to be used in traditional medicines. Aim and Objectives7KHSUHVHQWVWXG\DLPVDWHYDOXDWLQJ WKH F\WRWR[LFHIIHFWVRIOHDIH[WUDFWVRI&3RQEUHDVWFDUFLQRPDFHOOOLQHV LWVDQWLR[LGDQWHI¿FDF\DQG SK\WRFKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKH extracts. Materials and Methods: Crude extracts (10%) of the dried CP leaf powder, with 2 solvents of different polarity, methanol and chloroform, were used for screening breast carcinoma cell lines, 0&) DQG 0'$0% E\ 077 DVVD\ $QWLR[LGDQW DFWLYLW\ ZDVFKHFNHGE\'33+DQG+2O2VFDYHQJLQJDVVD\3K\WRFKHPLFDO analysis of the extracts was done using standard procedures. Results: Among the crude extracts methanol soluble extract (ME) VKRZHG HIIHFWLYH F\WRWR[LFLW\ ,& YDOXH JPO DQG J PO DJDLQVW 0&) DQG 0'$0% FHOO OLQHV UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KH FKORURIRUP H[WUDFW ZDV OHVV HIIHFWLYH ,& YDOXH J PO DQG !JPO DJDLQVW 0&) DQG 0'$0% FHOO OLQHV UHVSHFWLYHO\ 0HWKDQRO H[WUDFWV DOVR VKRZHG HIIHFWLYH '33+ and H2O2 scavenging activity (IC50 YDOXH JPO DQG J PO UHVSHFWLYHO\ 4XDOLWDWLYH DQDO\VLV UHYHDOHG WKH SUHVHQFH RI ÀDYRQRLGV WDQQLQV SKHQROV VWHURLGV DQG WHUSHQRLGV LQ PHWKDQRO soluble extracts while the chloroform extract had only steroids and terpenoids. Conclusion: This study speculates that, methanol may be an appropriate solvent for further isolation and characterization of the DFWLYHSULQFLSOHIURPWKHOHDYHVRI&3

GH¿QLWLRQ RI PHWDEROLF V\QGURPH DQG WR FRPSDUH WKH UHVXOWV ZLWK healthy controls. Also we aim to see any correlation in the study parameters which may throw light on the etio-pathogenesis of cardiovascular morbidity. Methodology: A hospital based observational, case-control study was conducted. It included 46 cases of metabolic syndrome DFFRUGLQJ WR ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 'LDEHWHV )HGHUDWLRQ FULWHULD DWWHQGLQJPHGLFLQH23'RIDWHUWLDU\FDUHKRVSLWDORI1HZ'HOKLDQG 47 healthy volunteers. The study was ethically cleared by hospitals’ ethical committee. Sampling was done in the study population after obtaining a written informed consent from them. Routine chemistries including fasting plasma glucose level were done for all VXEMHFWV3ODVPDLQVXOLQOHYHOV(QGRWKHOLQ(7 DQG1LWULFR[LGH 12 ZHUH DOVR HVWLPDWHG ,QVXOLQ UHVLVWDQFH DQG VHQVLWLYLW\ ZDV assessed using HOMA-IR. Appropriate statistical tests were applied XVLQJ6366 Results: The results of the study are expressed as Mean± Standard HUURURI0HDQ7KHPHDQIDVWLQJSODVPD,QVXOLQOHYHOZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\ high among cases [11.7 ±1.7 mU/L vs 6.93±0.6mU/L, (p<0.05)]. 7KHPHDQYDOXHRI+20$,5ZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKDPRQJFDVHV >YVS @7KHPHDQSODVPD12OHYHOZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJK DPRQJ FDVHV > "PROH/ YV ?mole/L, (p<0.05)]. The mean plasma Endothelin-1 (ET-1) level was VLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKDPRQJFDVHV>SJP/YVSJ G/S @2QDSSO\LQJ3HDUVRQ¶VFRUUHODWLRQLQFDVHVVLJQL¿FDQW SRVLWLYHFRUUHODWLRQZDVVHHQLQ,QVXOLQDQG12OHYHOVSYDOXH U ZKHUHDV QR VLJQL¿FDQW FRUUHODWLRQ ZDV VHHQ LQ EHWZHHQ ,QVXOLQ DQG (1 7KH UHJUHVVLRQ DQDO\VLV LQ FDVHV ,QVXOLQ DV WKH FRQVWDQWDQG12OHYHOVDVGHSHQGHQWYDULDEOHFRQ¿UPHGDVVRFLDWLRQ RIWKHWZRSDUDPHWHUV6WDQGDUGL]HGFRHI¿FLHQWEHWD W S value<0.05). Conclusion: In present study, patients with metabolic syndrome had VLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHU,QVXOLQ,QVXOLQUHVLVWDQFHKLJKHUOHYHOVRI(7 DQG DOVR KLJKHU 12 OHYHOV,QVXOLQ FDXVHV LQFUHDVH LQ HQGRWKHOLDO nitric oxide in physiologic and dose-dependent manner as is evident from the regression analysis in the present study.Several mechanisms OHDGLQJ WR HQGRWKHOLDO G\VIXQFWLRQ VXFK DV LQDFWLYDWLRQ RI 12 E\ the reaction of superoxide (O2-) resulting in peroxynitrite anion 2212 IRUPDWLRQ KDV EHHQ VXJJHVWHG$Q XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH primary mechanisms resulting in these phenotypes may reveal new therapeutic targets in metabolic and cardiovascular disease.

PO179

Keywords: nitric oxide, insulin, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome

Nitric oxide: an active mediator of metabolic syndrome correlates with serum insulin levels

PO180

Sandhya Lal*, Smita Tripathi*, Prabhat*, MK Bhatnagar**, Jayashree Bhattacharjee* Department of Biochemistry* and Department of Medicine** Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. Background: The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of clinical risk factors and is associated with insulin resistance and causes HQGRWKHOLDO G\VIXQFWLRQ E\ DFWLYDWLQJ LQQDWH LPPXQH LQÀDPPDWRU\ SDWKZD\V 7KHUH LV FRQÀLFWLQJ HYLGHQFH DERXW ZKHWKHU HWKQLF differences exist in cardiovascular outcomes of MS. Objective: Our present work aims to study markers of endothelial G\VIXQFWLRQDQGFDOFXODWHLQVXOLQUHVLVWDQFHLQSDWLHQWVIXO¿OOLQJWKH

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Relationship between metformin use and vitamin B12 levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus- a case control study K.Priyadharshini, Shamraj, Sivaa, Vasanthi* Department of Biochemistry and Department of Endocrinology Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences Introduction: The number of people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is alarmingly increasing due to growing prevalence RI REHVLW\ JHQHWLF FDXVHV OLIH VW\OH PRGL¿FDWLRQV DQG DJHLQJ Hyperglycemia and its associated vascular complications imposes tremendous burden on individuals as well as on health care system.

Ind J Clin Biochem

0HWIRUPLQ LV WKH VWDQGDUG DQG SUHIHUUHG ¿UVW OLQH SKDUPDFRORJLFDO drug forT2DM. Users usually have fewer side effects like diarrhea, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste which can be reduced either by reduced dose or by discontinuation of the drug.Vitamin B12 is an HVVHQWLDO PLFURQXWULHQW WKDW SOD\V D PDMRUH UROH LQ '1$ V\QWKHVLV cellular repairs, normal haemopoesis and neurological function. B12 level has been shown inversly proportional to the duration and dosage of metformin use in T2DM. Aim: our study aimed at evaluating the relationship between metformin use and serum vitamin B12 among subjects with T2DM Objective: To estimate serum vitamin B12 in subjects with T2DM on metformin therapy and to correlate vitamin B12 levels with duration and dosage Materials and methods: A case control study with the sample size of 100 and study period of one year. Results: 7KHGDWDREWDLQHGVKRZHGDVLJQL¿FDQWLPSDFWLQGXFHGE\ metformin on vitamin B12 among T2DM subjects.

PO182 Case Report Pyelonephritis, hypercalcemia and elevated free light chain: parathyroid adenoma or paraproteinemia ? Anand Kumar, Poornima A. Manjrekar, John T. Ramapuram, Rukmini M.S, Anupama H. Introduction: 3DUDWK\URLG DGHQRPDV PRVW FRPPRQO\ DUH asymptomatic presentations. More commonly seen in females as LQFLGHQWDO ¿QGLQJ (OHYDWHG FDOFLXP FRQFHQWUDWLRQ LV FRPPRQO\ seen in around 15% of patients requiring hospital admissions. Hyperparathyroidism and paraproteinemia may coexist leading to GLI¿FXOW\LQGLDJQRVLVRIVXFKFDVHV7KLVVWXG\DLPVWRKLJKOLJKWWKH GLI¿FXOWLHVLQGH¿QLWLYHGLDJQRVLVRISDUDWK\URLGLVPLQWKHVHWWLQJRI kidney disease and elevated free light chains.

PO181

Case: A 41 year old male presenting with fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting with recently diagnosed kidney disease, severe K\SHUFDOFHPLD LQFUHDVHG 37+ DQG HOHYDWHG IUHH OLJKW FKDLQV 'HWDLOHG HYDOXDWLRQ DQG LQYHVWLJDWLRQV FRQ¿UPHG 3DUDWK\URLG adenoma. Hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia resolved following surgical intervention.

Comparison of results of Glycosylated Hemoglobin of two different lot of commercially available reagents on a conventional laboratory analyzer at an oncology centre.

Conclusion: This case report with severe hypercalcemia requiring GLDO\VLVLQFUHDVHG37+DQGHOHYDWHGIUHHOLJKWFKDLQZDVGLDJQRVHG DV3DUDWK\URLGDGHQRPDZLWKNLGQH\GLVHDVHDQGOHDGWRWUHDWPHQW and healthy outcome.

M S Ghadge, R R Gawde, P P Naik, G Rathnakumar Tata Memorial Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Parel, Mumbai, India.

Keywords: Hypercalcemia, parathyroid adenoma, hyperparathyroidism.

Conclusion:9LWDPLQ%GH¿FLHQF\LVKLJHULQ7'0VXEMHFWVRQ metformin therapy Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, Vitamin B12, Metformin

Background : Consistent and reproducible results from different lot of reagents are a must for diagnosis and appropriate treatment of diseases. Objective: 1. To compare the results of two different lots of reagents (Reagent $&DWDORJXH1R265DQG5HDJHQW%&DWDORJXH% of glycosylated hemoglobin on a conventional laboratory analyzer. 2. To calculate total error for the analyte subjected to comparison. Material and Method 7KLV VWXG\ ZDV GHVLJQHG IRU FRPSDULQJ results of glycosylated hemoglobin of different lots (Reagent A, OSR 6192 and Reagent B, B00389) using reagents from Beckman Coulter ,QGLD3YW/WG,WDOVRLQFOXGHGGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIZLWKLQUXQ1 DQG EHWZHHQUXQ LPSUHFLVLRQ 1 LQDFFXUDF\ 1 DQG method comparison by using reagents of different lots on Beckman &RXOWHU$81 7RWDOHUURUZDVFDOFXODWHGIRUYDOLGDWLRQ of the analytical process. Results :LWKLQUXQLPSUHFLVLRQWRWDOLQDFFXUDF\DQGWRWDOHUURUIRU ERWKORWRIUHDJHQWVZHUHDVSHUWKHTXDOLW\VSHFL¿FDWLRQV Conclusion: Different lot of reagents with different reagent composition and sample processing method had low CV (less than 0.9%) and satisfactory accuracy and precision and are extremely stable. Method comparison study showed excellent correlation between both the reagents. Hence, the different lots of reagents of the same manufacturer can be used for routine testing of glycosylated hemoglobin.

PO183 Case Report Biclonal gammopathy an unusual presentation on electrophoresis: a case report Amit Ranjan, Rukmini M S, Ashok Prabhu K, Urmila N Khadilkar Introduction: Biclonal gammopathy is characterized by concurrent appearance of two different monoclonal proteins. The incidence of biclonal gammopathy is around 1 % of all gammopathies and the most common combinations found are IgA and IgG( 33%), followed by IgM and IgG( 24%). Case: A 46 year old male patient with complaints of sudden onset low back ache while lifting a heavy object, which aggravated since RQHPRQWKSUHVHQWHGWR2UWKRSDHGLF23'.0&+$&0DQJDOXUX ,QGLD*HQHUDOSK\VLFDOH[DPLQDWLRQUHYHDOHGSDOORU%3PP +J3XOVHPLQ1RDEQRUPDOLW\GHWHFWHGLQV\VWHPLFH[DPLQDWLRQ Local examination of spine revealed tenderness, and mild positive, H[WHQVRU SODQWDU UHÀH[ /DERUDWRU\ LQYHVWLJDWLRQV +E JPGO 3&9(65PPKRXU7RWDOSURWHLQVJPGODOEXPLQ -2.6 gm/dl and globulin -8.2gm/dl. Serum protein electrophoresis VKRZHG ELFORQDO JDPPRSDWK\ DQG LPPXQR¿[DWLRQ HOHFWURSKRUHVLV showed intense IgA lambda and faint Ig G Kappa. Radiology investigation revealed a D10 pathological fracture. Biopsy of D10 vertebra showed plasma cell myeloma. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge in evidence based practise in the laboratory context this has been a rare presentation of multiple myeloma. Keywords:%LFORQDOJDPPRSDWK\PXOWLSOHP\HORPDLPPXQR¿[DWLRQ

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PO184 Functionalized carbon nanotube - hydroxyapatite composite and their interaction with L929 mouse ¿EUREODVWLQYLWUR P. Khalid1*, V.B. Suman2 1 Department of Biotechnology, P. A. College of Engineering, VTU, 2 Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India

H

ydroxyapatite (HA) has been used in clinical bone graft procedures for more than 25 years. However, its poor tensile strength and fracture toughness compared with bone make it unsuitable for major load-bearing devices. Carbon nanotubes &17V ZLWK WKHLU KLJK DVSHFW UDWLR DQG H[FHOOHQW PHFKDQLFDO properties, have the potential to strengthen and toughen HA without RIIVHWWLQJLWVELRDFWLYLW\WKXVLWKDVEHHQDVLJQL¿FDQWFKDOOHQJHWRWKH application of HA for the replacement of load–bearing and/or large ERQHGHIHFWV0&D12 +2DQG01+ +32ZHUH XVHGWRV\QWKHVL]H+$LQVLWX0XOWLZDOOHG&DUERQ1DQRWXEHVZHUH IXQFWLRQDOL]HGE\KHDWLQJDW&LQUDWLRRI+62DQG +12IRUPZLWKVWLUULQJ)XQFWLRQDOL]HG0:&17VZHUH dispersed in Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate (SDBS) (10g /í E\ VRQLFDWLRQ +\GUR[\DSDWLWH +$ SDUWLFOHV ZHUH SURGXFHG LQ0:&17VVROXWLRQE\DGGLQJ0&D12 +2DQG0 1+ +32 XQGHU YLJRURXVO\ VWLUULQJ FRQGLWLRQV 7KH FRPSRVLWH were dried at 60°C followed by washing in distilled water for 3 to 4 WLPHV+HDWWUHDWPHQWDW&ZDVGRQHIRUPLQWRREWDLQ&17±+$ SRZGHU 3K\VLRFKHPLFDO FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ RI WKH FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDO ZDVFDUULHGRXWXVLQJ)RXULHUWUDQVIRUPLQIUDUHGVSHFWURVFRS\¿HOG HPLVVLRQVFDQQLQJHOHFWURQPLFURVFRS\)7,5VKRZVWKHDWWDFKPHQWV RI 32 DQG &2 JURXSV RQ WKH FRPSRVLWHV )XUWKHUPRUH WKLV VWXG\LQYHVWLJDWHVWKHF\WRWR[LFHIIHFWVRIIXQFWLRQDOL]HG0:&17V I0:&17V DQGLWVFRPSRVLWHVZLWK+$LQ/PRXVH¿EUREODVW cell line.

PO185 RBC acetylcholinesterase activity and RBC indices in microcytic anemia Ramya K R, Sushma Jogi, Shalvika Gupta, Vijetha Shenoy Belle, Krishnananda Prabhu R V Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal Introduction: Cholinesterases belongs to the group of hydrolases splitting the ester bond. Cholinesterase is sub divided into acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme which is present in nerve and muscles also present in the Red blood cell membranes, it may have an important role in maintaining the shape and integrity of RBC membrane and any FKDQJH LQ VL]H VKDSH DQG 5%& LQGLFHV FDQ LQÀXHQFH WKH OHYHO RI this enzyme. Studies have shown that changes in the levels of RBC acetylcholinesterase levels in different types of anemia. Aim and Objectives: To compare and correlate acetylcholinesterase activity of RBC with various RBC indices in normocytic and microcytic anemia

123

Materials and Methods: 24 subjects with normal hematological indices and 21 subjects with microcytic anemia were taken for the study. The whole blood collected in an EDTA Tube was taken and acetylcholinesterase activity was measured by Ellman’s method and RBC indices were measured using COULTER-LH-780 model employ the principle of electric impedance. This acetylcholinesterase activity is correlated with various RBC indices in both the groups. Results: 5%& DFHW\OFKROLQHVWHUDVH DFWLYLW\ ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQFUHDVHGLQPLFURF\WLFDQHPLDWKDQQRUPRF\WLFS 0&+ 0&9 ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ GHFUHDVHG LQ PLFURF\WLF DQHPLD WKDQ normocytic. RBC acetylcholinesterase activity negatively correlated WR0&+S DQG0&9S Conclusion: RBC acetylcholinesterase activity can be used as one of the marker in microcytic anemia.

PO186 Assessment of iodine status of the school children of Lagadigoth VDC of Siraha District Basanta Gelal, Saroj Thapa, Saroj Kunwar, Madhab Lamsal, Nirmal Baral Department of Biochemistry, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal Introduction: 1HSDO LV FRQVLGHUHG DV HQGHPLF ]RQH RI LRGLQH GH¿FLHQF\ ,RGLQH GH¿FLHQF\ LV VWLOO D VLJQL¿FDQW SXEOLF KHDOWK SUREOHPLQ1HSDOVFKRRODJHFKLOGUHQ6$& KDV8,( J//DJDGLJRWK9'&RI6LUDKDGLVWULFWORFDWHGRQWKH1HSDO,QGLD boarder. Aims and Objectives: To explore the iodine status of the school children of Lagadigoth VDC of Siraha District. Materials and Methods: A community based cross section study was conducted in three schools of Lagadigoth VDC of Siraha district. A total of 419 school children of 6-13 years were recruited for the study to collect urine and salt samples for urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and salt iodine content. Data were expressed in IUHTXHQF\PHDQ6'DQGPHGLDQ,45 DQGDSSOLHG&KLVTXDUHWHVW LQGHSHQGHQWµW¶WHVW0DQQ:KLWQH\8WHVW.UXVNDO:DOOLVWHVWDQG Spearman’s rho correlation according to the nature data to test the VLJQL¿FDQFHFRQVLGHULQJSDWFRQ¿GHQFHLQWHUYDO Results: A total of 419 school children were enrolled in this study out of them 239 (57.0%) were male and 180 (43.0%) were female. 7KHFRYHUDJHRIWKHSDFNHWDQGDGHTXDWHO\LRGL]HG!SSPLRGLQH salt are 85.2% and 89% respectively. The median UIC of the study population is 234.20μg/L and 11.5% children has UIC <20μg/L. Conclusion: Median UIC and adequately iodized coverage in all areas shows the adequate iodine intake and optimal iodine nutrition LQWKHVWXG\SRSXODWLRQEXWVWLOOLRGLQHGH¿FLHQF\H[LVWZKLFKVKRXOG be monitored continuously. Keywords: ,RGLQH GH¿FLHQF\ 6FKRRO DJH FKLOGUHQ 8ULQDU\ LRGLQH concentration, Salt iodine content.

Ind J Clin Biochem

PO187 MTRR Gene polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism as a risk of congenital heart defects in Down Syndrome Ambreen Asim, Sarita Agarwal 1 Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow Background: Folate metabolism leads to aberrant methylation of chromosome 21, favoring its abnormal segregation during maternal meiosis in Down Syndrome (DS) patients which thereby leads to various birth defects in these individuals. DS affects in 1/700 live birth, is one of the most leading causes of intellectual disability and is associated with number of phenotypes including Congenital Heart Disease (CHD), Leukemia, Alzheimer’s disease, Hirschsprung’s disease and others. Aims and Objectives: The study aims to investigate the association of MTRR (Methionine synthase reductase) gene polymorphism (C524T and A66G) involved in folate metabolism with the risk of CHD in DS patients. Methods: PCR and PCR-RFLP methods were used for the genotyping of study samples and results were validated using Sanger’s sequencing. Results:0755&7DQG$*ZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\DVVRFLDWHGZLWK the increased risk of CHD in DS. We have also reported two novel polymorphisms, T19775C and 19778_19778delG, in DS with CHD cases with a frequency of 93% and 40%, respectively. These two polymorphisms were not found among DS without CHD group. Conclusion: Results indicates that the MTRR gene polymorphisms LQÀXHQFHWKHULVNRIWKHRFFXUUHQFHRI&+'LQ'6SDWLHQWVRI,QGLDQ 2ULJLQ7KLVLVWKH¿UVWUHSRUWIURP,QGLDKLJKOLJKWLQJWKHSRWHQWLDO association of MTRR gene polymorphisms with CHD in DS. Hence these four polymorphisms can be used to evaluate the risk of CHD in DS patients.

PO188 Association of angiogenic cytokines (VEGF-A and VEGF-C) and clinical characteristic in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage Azadeh Bagheri 1, Pratap Kumar 2, Pragna Rao 1 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2 Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal. Introduction: 5HFXUUHQW PLVFDUULDJH 50 GH¿QHG DV RU PRUH spontaneous miscarriage before 20 weeks of gestational, affects at OHDVW RI FRXSOHV WU\LQJ WR FRQFHLYH ,Q RYHU RI FDVHV WKH cause of the loss of pregnancy remains unexplained .Reduced expression of Angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and VEGF-C has been linked with spontaneous miscarriage, likely due to defective fetal and placental angiogenesis.

Aims and Objectives: To investigate the relationships between serum level of VEGF-A and VEGF-C with clinical Characteristic in women with URM and comparing with pregnant and healthy women. Materials and Methods: A case-control study, which was conducted between 90 non-pregnant women with history of RM, those with unexplained RM were eligible (cases) age-matched with 70 nonpregnant women without history of recurrent abortion with at least one child (controls) and 70 pregnant women without history of recurrent abortion with at least one child (controls).Those with unexplained RM were eligible. Demographic and Anthropometric data were retrieved by pre-test questionnaire and serum level of 9(*)$DQG9(*)&PHDVXUHGE\(/,6$NLW Results: This study shows that maternal levels of VEGF-A and VEGF-C are distinctly lower in RSA (189.87±88.1 vs 238.8±99.6) compared to healthy (239.1±99.7 vs 275.5±133.08) and pregnant (301.5±76.4 vs 402.5±128.6) women as control groups. Univariate analysis demonstrated that clinical characteristic factors were VLJQL¿FDQWO\DVVRFLDWHGZLWKFRQFHQWUDWLRQRI9(*)$DQG9(*)& in cases and controls. Conclusion: 2XU ¿QGLQJV VXJJHVW WKDW WKHVH PROHFXOHV FRXOG EH used as potential predictive markers of miscarriage in these women presenting with URM

PO189 An overview of insecticide poisoning at Manipal Poison Detection Center, KMC Manipal Brunda1, Vinutha R Bhat1, Padmanabha Udupa1, Shankar Bakkannvar2 , Vikram Palimar2 1 Department of Biochemistry, KMC, Manipal 2 Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology KMC, Manipal Background: ,QVHFWLFLGH LV D FKHPLFDO WKDW NLOOV EXJV 7KH\ DUH widely used pesticide in rural areas. Some of the most commonly used insecticides are organo phosphorous like thimet, lethal TC, monocil, nuvan, ekalux, lethal super and so on, carbamates and pyrethrine. ,QVHFWLFLGH DUH HDVLO\ DFFHVVLEOH DQG DUH RIWHQ XVHG WR FRPPLW suicides. Accidental poisoning may also occur. Mild Poisoning or Early Symptoms of Acute Poisoning headache, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, restlessness, nervousness, perspiration, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, loss of weight, thirst, moodiness, soreness in joints, skin irritation, eye irritation, irritation of the nose and throat. Pesticides can be absorbed by inhalation, ingestion and dermal absorption.The syndrome is inconsistent in those affected and is liely to represent low level chronic toxicity. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of unintentional insecticide poisoning at Manipal Poison Detection Centre, KMC Manipal. Materials and Methods: Blood and urine samples were collected and analyzed using TLC method. TLC experimentation was accompanied by ascending development. The colorless, separated constituents were developed using iodine fume to obtain colored spot.

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Result and Conclusion: We analyzed 40 samples, of which 26 were tested positive(male:16, female:10) for organophoshorous and 4 negative(male:2, female:2) 4 tested positive (male:4) for Carbamate and 3 negative(male:1, female:2) 6 tested positive for Pyrethrin (male:5, female:1) and 3 negative(male:1, female:2) Organophosphorous can be stored in fat cells for prolonged periods and cause neurotoxicity. The mechanism of toxicity is inhibition of acetylcholine esterase, resulting in accumulation of acetyl choline. Signs and symptoms develop immediately after exposure or within 12 hours. A constant exposure at low doses can cause persistent anorexia, weakness and malaise. Acute ingestion may cause prolonged paralysis of head, neck, limbs and thorax muscles.

them, rest of them had conveyed the biochemistry information to the patient appropriately, though only 45.14% could do it in an excellent manner. Conclusion: By this study, we were able to implement a new OSPE station for assessing the communication skill of the student. The students were able to communicate to the simulated patients with FODULW\DQGFRQ¿GHQFH)URPWKLVVWXG\LWFDQEHVXJJHVWHGWKDWWKH faculty teaching biochemistry, needs to inculcate into the students the need for proper communication, by demonstrating them the same at WKHHQGRIHDFKWRSLFZKLFKKDVDFOLQLFDOVLJQL¿FDQFH

PO190

The expected outcome of the project is that if this is done early in WKHPHGLFDOHGXFDWLRQRIWKHVWXGHQWLWZRXOGVLJQL¿FDQWO\FKDQJH the attitude and also to some extent the communication skill of the student.

Introducing observer OSPE stations for assessing the affective domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy

PO191

Varashree B.S, Revathi P shenoy, Vijetha Shenoy Belle, Pragna Rao Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India Introduction: 7KH%ORRP¶VWD[RQRP\FODVVL¿HVWKHOHYHOVRIOHDUQLQJ into three major domains which are cognitive, psychomotor and affective domain. Medical students today are tested on knowledge, attitude and skills across multiple settings and methods, which are RIWHQWULDQJXODWHGWRUHDFKVXPPDWLYHGHFLVLRQV,QWKHSUHFOLQLFDO subjects the cognitive is the most used of the domains whereas the DIIHFWLYHGRPDLQKDVUHFHLYHGOHVVDWWHQWLRQ,QWKLVVWXG\DQDWWHPSW ZRXOGEHPDGHWRDVVHVVWKHDIIHFWLYHGRPDLQZLWKWKHVSHFL¿FQHHG for implementing a communication skill in the student with respect to biochemistry. Objective: Structured practical examination (OSPE) is a better assessment technique over the traditional examination method in testing a wide range of medical knowledge and practical skills. The objective of the present study would be to introduce a OPSE station for assessing the affective or attitude domain of learning, incorporating the communication skills of talking with patients. Materials and Methods: 7KH VWXGHQWV LQ WKH ¿UVW \HDU RI 0%%6 degree course attending the biochemistry sessional practical exams are the participants of this study. The study group included 251 VWXGHQWV6WXGHQWVZHUHVXI¿FLHQWO\WUDLQHGEHIRUHIDFLQJWKH263( The topics for the OSPE stations were given to the students prior to the examination, so that the students would prepare for those topics. Trained Simulated patients (Post graduate students) were the patients with whom the student had to communicate. A proper orientation was done prior to the examination based on the question for OSPE and the time constraint. The language of communication was English. The checklist was used and was marked by the examiner to assess the communication skill. The students were assessed as not satisfactory, satisfactory and excellent depending on their performance in this station. Results: The results show that 5.9% of them had not greeted the patients, 15.93% of the students had done it satisfactorily and 78.08% had done it very well. The education given to the patient regarding the given problem was aptly done by 85% of the students. Around 3.9% of the students failed to check if the patient had any question related to the problem. Of the 251 students, expect for 9.16% of

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Dietary folate and vitamin B12 levels during pregnancy induce change in expression of imprinting genes in maternal and fetal tissues Aatish Mahajan , Divika Sapehia, Mohan Raj P.S, Jyotdeep Kaur Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. Background: The altered ratio of folic acid and vitamin B12 in PDWHUQDO GLHW GXULQJ SUHJQDQF\ LQÀXHQFHV WKH '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ patterns of offspring. Objective: The present study was planned to study the effect of dietary folate and B12 during pregnancy on expression of imprinting genes in maternal and fetal tissues. Material and Methods: Four week old C57BL/6 female mice for )JHQHUDWLRQZHUHGLYLGHGLQWRQLQHJURXSV1%1)1%)21%)' %'1)%')'%')2%21)%2)2DQG%2)'DQGZHUHIHGGLHW for six to eight weeks while male mice were fed normal diet. On GD\RIJHVWDWLRQPLFHZHUHVDFUL¿FHGIHWDODQGPDWHUQDOWLVVXHV were isolated whereas some of the pregnant mice were kept for F1 generation. Both males and females fetuses in F1 generation were given same diet as fed to their mothers for 6 weeks. Mating was performed within same groups and fetuses born were denoted as F2 JHQHUDWLRQ 7KH P51$ H[SUHVVLRQ RI VRPH LPSULQWLQJ JHQHV Igf2, KCNQIOT1, H19, Igf2R and folate transporters RFC, PCFT, FR_ were analyzed by Real-Time PCR. Results: ,Q % GH¿FLHQF\ JURZWK UHWDUGDWLRQ ZDV REVHUYHG LQ IHWXVHV ERUQ LQ ) JHQHUDWLRQ ,Q PDWHUQDO DQG IHWDO WLVVXHV H19, ZKLFKLVDQHJDWLYHUHJXODWRURIJURZWKZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\XSUHJXODWHG and IGF2, a growth promoting gene showed a 70 fold decrease in SODFHQWD XQGHU IRODWH % GH¿FLHQW FRQGLWLRQV IGF2R in folate GH¿FLHQF\ DQG RYHUVXSSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI % ZDV GRZQ UHJXODWHG KCNQ1OT1 showed loss of expression in male fetal tissues in folate % GH¿FLHQF\ ZKHUHDV LWV H[SUHVVLRQ ZDV LQFUHDVHG LQ IHPDOH IHWDOWLVVXH7KHUHZDVDVLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHLQH[SUHVVLRQRI3&)7 DQG)5"LQIRODWHGH¿FLHQWJURXSV Conclusion: 7KHUH LV D GH¿QLWH UROH RI PDWHUQDO IRODWH DQG % GH¿FLHQF\ WRZDUGV IHWDO JURZWK DQG WKXV PD\ EH LQYROYHG LQ establishment of proper imprints. Abbreviations: 1% 1RUPDO % 1) 1RUPDO IRODWH )' )RODWH GH¿FLHQW)2)RODWHRYHUVXSSOHPHQWDWLRQ%'%GH¿FLHQW%2 B12 over supplementation.

Ind J Clin Biochem

PO192 YAP, The transcriptional co-activator in platelets Pavalaveelzi.C.M, Debabrata dash Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi Introduction: Platelets are enucleate cells with a life span of 10-12 days, which play central roles in hemostasis and pathological thrombus formation associated with ischemic heart diseases and stroke. Recently, the Wnt-`-catenin signaling pathway and sonic hedgehog signaling have been shown to function in human platelets. These being developmental signals, have prompted us for the study of another developmental signaling: ‘Hippo’ in human platelets. Lats1, a kinase is one of the core components and YAP (Yes associated protein) is a downstream transcription co-activator of many genes. YAP is active in dephosphorylated and inactive in phosphorylated form (pYAP). Aims and Objectives: To identify the presence of Hippo signaling in platelets and to study the regulation of YAP in platelets. Materials and Methods: Human blood samples were collected from healthy donors after taking proper consent.Washed platelets were prepared. Thrombin was used as agonist for platelet activation. P51$ SUHVHQFH ZDV GHWHFWHG E\ F'1$ SUHSDUDWLRQ DQG 573&5 Aggregation, electrophoresis and western blotting, clot retraction VWXG\ FRQIRFDO PLFURVFRS\ZHUH GRQH WR ¿QG WKHH[SUHVVLRQ DQG regulation of YAP by Hippo signaling and actin cytoskeleton. Results: T57 ± 3&5 FRQ¿UPHG SUHVHQFH RI P51$ IRU <$3LQ human platelets. Western blot analysis of various platelet samples HVWDEOLVKHGWKHSUHVHQFHRI<$3SURWHLQ$JJUHJDWLRQDQG¿EULQFORW retraction of platelets with thrombin reducedphospho-YAP levels. Confocal microscopy revealed the association of YAP with actin cytoskeleton. LATS1, an upstream regulator of YAP in the canonical pathway was also found to be present in platelets by western blotting. Conclusion: Hippo signaling pathway is present in platelets and is affected by the resting and activated state of platelets. Both canonical and non-canonical regulation of YAP is present.

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PO194 To study blood lead levels in occupationally exposed subjects and its correlation with Vitamin D and PDUNHUVRI%RQHSUR¿OH Himani1, Sudip Kumar Datta2, Rajiv Ranjan3, Busi Karunanad1 1 Department of Biochemistry, SGT College Gurgaon, 2Department of Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 3 Department of Biochemistry, Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi. Introduction: The workers engaged in the lead battery manufacturing industries are continuously exposed to lead through inhalation, LQJHVWLRQ DQG GHUPDO FRQWDFW ,QFUHDVHG EORRG OHDG OHYHOV %// are reported to interfere with bone metabolism probably mediated through vitamin D and its receptor. Aims and objectives: To study blood lead levels in occupationally exposed and non-exposed subjects and its correlation with markers RI%RQHSUR¿OH Material and Methods: 37 occupationally lead-exposed (battery factory workers) and twenty unexposed healthy subjects were recruited for this study after obtaining informed consent. Blood lead levels (BLL) were measured using a Microwave Digestive 6\VWHPIROORZHGE\,QGXFWLYHO\&RXSOHG3ODVPD2SWLFDO(PLVVLRQ 6SHFWURPHWHU ,&32(6 6HUXP FDOFLXP DQG SKRVSKRURXV OHYHOV were measured using Modular P biochemistry autoanalyzer (Roche diagnostics, USA). Serum Vitamin D was determined by competitive (/,6$'DWDZDVDQDO\]HGVWDWLVWLFDOO\XVLQJWKHJUDSKSDGSULVP software and Microsoft Excel.

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Results and Conclusion: 6LJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH LQ %// ZDV QRW observed between occupationally exposed & non exposed subjects. However, vit D level in the exposed group (40.3 ± 14.06 ng/ml) was lower than non-exposed controls (50.7 ± 9.0 ng/ml). 8 out of 37 exposed subjects had very high (>50ug/dl) BLL and these subjects KDG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ORZHU YLW ' OHYHOV QJPO FRPSDUHG to others. BLL were found to have negative correlation with serum Calcium levels, but not with phosphorus and vit D. Higher BLL may affect vit D levels and calcium levels.

PO195 Induction of angiotensin converting enzyme gene in endothelial cells by organochlorine pesticide Neeru Singh1, Rishila Ghosh1, Manushi Siddarth2, Pawan Kumar Kare1, Basu Dev Banerjee1, Neelam Wadhwa3, Ashok Kumar Tripathi1 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2Multidisciplinary Research Unit, 3 Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India Introduction: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), a key regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAAS), has been implicated in various cardiovascular diseases. ACE expression has been shown to mediated via enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and linked with endothelial dysfunction however, the mechanism of ACE gene expression in endothelial cells is not precisely known. Aim and Objectives: The present study is designed to determine the regulation of ACE gene in endothelial cells. We investigated the effect of organochlorine pesticide (DDE), which has been shown to increase the ROS production, on ACE gene expression and to HYDOXDWHWKHSURWHFWLYHHIIHFWVRI1DFHW\OF\VWHLQH1$& LQKXPDQ umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Materials and Methods: HUVECs were cultured in endothelial cell expansion medium, reduced serum supplemented with endothelial growth factors and 1% antibiotic-antimycotic solution in T-25 culture ÀDVNDQGZHUHPDLQWDLQHGDW&&2LQDKXPLGL¿HGDWPRVSKHUH &HOOVZHUHWUHDWHGZLWK''(0 DQGZLWK1$&0 IRU KRXUV526JHQHUDWLRQZDVPHDVXUHPHQWDVWKHÀXRUHVFHQFHRI WKH R[LGDWLRQ SURGXFW RI ¶¶GLFKORURGLK\GURÀRXUHVFHLQ GLDFHWDWH +'&)'$ $&( P51$ H[SUHVVLRQ ZDV HYDOXDWHG WKURXJK UHDO time PCR. Results: The results indicated that DDE at a concentration of 0.5 μM VLJQL¿FDQWO\ S LQFUHDVHG WKH 526 SURGXFWLRQ DV FRPSDUHG WR FRQWURO ZKLFK FRQVHTXHQWO\ UHVXOWHG LQ D VLJQL¿FDQWO\ S increased fold change of ACE gene expression after 24 hours. PreWUHDWPHQW ZLWK 1$& VXSSUHVVHG WKH 526 SURGXFWLRQ VLJQL¿FDQWO\ S DQGKHQFH$&(JHQHH[SUHVVLRQDOVRVLJQL¿FDQWO\GHFUHDVHG in OCP treated HUVECs. Conclusion: ,W PD\ EH FRQFOXGHG WKDW RUJDQRFKORULQH SHVWLFLGH (DDE) might increased ROS production in endothelial cells and is associated with the upregulated expression of ACE gene which represents a common pathway for several factors that are able to DFWLYDWHHQGRWKHOLDOFHOOV1$&WUHDWPHQWLQKLELWVWKH526SURGXFWLRQ via scavenging them and hence inhibits ACE gene expression in endothelial cells which might help in treating endothelial dysfunction and in reversing the toxicity produced.

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PO196 Association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels with postpartum depression at six week post delivery Raji R1, Nancy R Premkumar2, Shivanand Kattimani3, Haritha Sagili4, Soundravally Rajendiran1* 1 Departments of Biochemistry 2Medico social wing 3Departments of Psychiatry 4Departments of OB&G, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India. Introduction: Post-partum depression (PPD) is the common adverse outcome of child bearing which affects the wellbeing of both mother and newborn and has long-term effects. Vitamin D which involved in bone mineral metabolism and calcium homeostasis has been related WRGHSUHVVLYHGLVRUGHUVEXWVWXGLHVUHSRUWFRQÀLFWLQJUHVXOWV Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D ([25-OH] D) levels at six week post-delivery and postpartum depression. Materials and Methods: This, a nested case control study done on 495 subjects who came for postpartum checkup at 6th week postdelivery in the hospital. Socio-demographic details were recorded and depressive symptoms were assessed using EPDS. Based on the EPDS score, 195 women with depressive symptoms were categorised as cases and 300 subjects as controls. Blood samples were obtained to test the serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D and Vitamin D Binding Protein (DBP). Results: 6HUXP YLWDPLQ ' OHYHOV ZHUH IRXQG WR EH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ (p=0.003) lower in PPD women compared to normal postpartum VXEMHFWV:HIRXQGVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHUOHYHOVRIVHUXP'%3LQ33' women than normal women (p=000). Moreover, we also observed D VLJQL¿FDQW QHJDWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ ERWK 2+ YLWDPLQ ' and DBP levels with EPDS scores(p=000) .Based on the vitamin D OHYHOVWKHPHGLDQOHYHOVRIYLWDPLQ'LQVXI¿FLHQF\ZDVIRXQGWREH lower in PPD women when compared to normal women. Conclusion: Lower serum 25[OH] vitamin D levels were associated with postpartum depression. Vitamin D supplementation may be recommended as a preventive measure in treating postpartum depression.

PO197 A pilot study on Vitamin D and respiratory diseases in Manipal Vijetha Shenoy Belle, Priyanka Datta, Kriti Singh, Krishnananda Prabhu RV Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India Background: Over the past decade, interest has grown in the role of vitamin D in many nonskeletal medical conditions, such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory infection. Emerging evidence indicate that vitamin D plays a role in maintain innate immunity is important in host defenses against respiratory

Ind J Clin Biochem

tract pathogens. This study estimated serum vitamin D levels in patients with respiratory tract infection. Materials and Methods: ,QVWLWXWLRQDO HWKLFV FRPPLWWHH FOHDUDQFH ZDVWDNHQWRFDUU\RYHUWKLVVWXG\9LWDPLQ'ZDVHVWLPDWHGE\(&/,$ method. Study subjects were divided into three groups according to WKHLU YLWDPLQ ' YDOXHV GH¿FLHQW YLW 'QJPO LQVXI¿FLHQW QJPO DQG VXI¿FLHQW !QJPO $ WRWDO RI VXEMHFWV ZHUH HQUROOHGKDGGH¿FLHQW9LW'ZLWKLQVXI¿FLHQW9LW'DQGKDG normal Vit D levels. Results: 2XW RI VXEMHFWV ZLWK 9LWDPLQ ' GH¿FLHQF\ JURXS LQGLYLGXDOV RXW RI VXEMHFWV RI YLWDPLQ ' LQVXI¿FLHQF\ DQG 5 out of 45 subjects of normal vitamin D had respiratory diseases. ,Q GH¿FLHQW YLW ' JURXS SDWLHQWV ZHUH VXIIHULQJ IURP &23' EURQFKLWLV SXOPRQDU\ 7% EURQFKLDO DVWKPD DQG /57, ,Q LQVXI¿FLHQWYLW'JURXSZHUHVXIIHULQJIURP&23'EURQFKLWLV SXOPRQDU\7%EURQFKLDODVWKPDDQG/57,ZKHUHDVLQQRUPDO YLWDPLQ'JURXSSDWLHQWVZHUHVXIIHULQJIURP/57, Conclusion: 'H¿FLHQF\DQGLQVXI¿FLHQWOHYHOVRI9LWDPLQ'OHYHOV may predispose to respiratory infections.

PO198 Distribution of CYP2D6 genotypes from western India Minal Paradkar, Alpa Dherai, Dhanashree Shetty, Tester. F. Ashavaid Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry Section, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mahim, Mumbai, India Introduction: Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is responsible for the metabolism of numerous classes of clinically important drugs. The highly polymorphic nature of CYP2D6 gene has led to the detection of over 100 alleles, which shows differences in frequencies between ethnic groups and geographic origin. There is lack of data IURP 0XPEDL :HVWHUQ ,QGLD RQ WKH DOOHOH IUHTXHQFLHV RI PDMRU CYP2D6 alleles, gene deletion, duplication or multiplication. Aims and Objectives: To determine the distribution of major CYP2D6 alleles and gene number variations in healthy individuals IURP0XPEDL:HVWHUQ,QGLD Materials and Methods: Fifty two healthy individuals were screened for major CYP2D6 alleles *2, *3, *4, *5, *10 and *41 using real time PCR. The gene variations were detected by realtime PCR using Copy QXPEHUYDULDWLRQ&19 DVVD\ Results: The allele frequencies of CYP2D6*2, *3, *4, *5, *10 and *41 alleles were observed to be 30.77%, 0%, 11.54%, 3.85%, 19.23% and 17.31% respectively. The frequency of CYP2D6 gene one copy, 2 copies, 3 copies, and 4 copies were observed to be 7.69%, 76.92%,

13.46% and 1.92% respectively. The predicted phenotype frequency was observed to be 78.85%, 3.85% and 9.62% for extensive PHWDEROL]HUV(0V ,QWHUPHGLDWHPHWDEROL]HUV,0V DQG8OWUDUDSLG Metabolizers (UMs) respectively. Poor metabolizers (PMs) were not detected in the present study. Conclusion: The high frequency of CYP2D6*41, which is a reduced function allele, emphasizes it’s screening for accurate genotype LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ DQG HIIHFWLYH GUXJ PRGXODWLRQ 7KH SUHYDOHQFH RI 80V DOVR QHFHVVLWDWHV VFUHHQLQJ IRU &19 DVVD\V VLQFH PRGXODWLRQ of pharmacogenetically important drugs have been strongly recommended for UMs.

PO199 Status of HCV genotypes in patients with different liver diseases using multiplex real time PCR Sudhanshu Shekhar, Priyanka Gupta, M. Irshad Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Introduction: A high proportion of patients infected with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) develop chronic liver diseases which result in cirrhosis of liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in later stages. Genotyping of HCV plays an important role in the treatment and therefore genotype determination has been made part of treatment guidelines for HCV infections. Aims and Objectives: This investigation describes the status of HCV genotypes and their association with HBV-HCV co-infection in patients with different liver diseases.HCV genotyping was done XVLQJDIDVWVHQVLWLYHDQGVSHFL¿FPXOWLSOH[UHDOWLPH3&5DVVD\ Methods: A total number of 239 patients with different liver diseases IURP-DQXDU\WR-XO\YLVLWLQJ$,,061HZ'HOKLZHUHDQDO\]HG for HCV infection. Genotyping was done in eighty four samples WHVWHG SRVLWLYH IRU +&9 51$7KH PXOWLSOH[ UHDO WLPH 3&5 DVVD\ was used for determination of both individual as well as multiple +&9JHQRW\SHV XVLQJ ¶875 &RUH DQG 16E DV WDUJHW UHJLRQV RI HCV genome. Results: Analysis of sera demonstrated 31 of 84 samples (36.90%) to be positive for genotype-1 and 46 samples (54.76%) positive for genotype-3.One sample (1.19%) showed mixed infection of genotype-1 and 3.Six samples (7.14%) could not show presence of DQ\JHQRW\SH7KHUHZDVQRGH¿QLWHDVVRFLDWLRQEHWZHHQ+&9+%9 co-infection and the type of HCV genotype .The assay used was found to be a sensitive technique for HCV genotyping. Conclusion: Genotype 1 and 3 are the prevalent genotypes of HCV in patients with different liver disease in the northern region. Multiplex real time PCR is a technique of choice for HCV- genotyping. Keywords: Genotypes; Hepatitis C virus, PCR, Liver Diseases.

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PO200 Promoter polymorphism of PTPN-22 (rs2476601) confers susceptibility to non-segmental Vitiligo in South Indian Tamils Kalai Selvi R, Medha Rajappa*, Laxmisha Chandrashekar1, Malathi M1, Thappa DM1 Departments of Biochemistry*, 1Dermatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India. Introduction: Vitiligo is a skin depigmentation disorder due to discrete loss of functional melanocytes in the affected skin. Vitiligo is reported to be associated with autoimmune mechanism with an imbalanced expression of T-helper (Th)-1 cytokines and Th2 F\WRNLQHV7KH3731JHQHHQFRGHVIRUDO\PSKRLGSURWHLQW\URVLQH SKRVSKDWDVHZKLFKLQKLELWVWKH7FHOODFWLYDWLRQ7KH3731VLQJOH nucleotide polymorphism has been associated to autoimmune disease susceptibility in different populations and could be concerned in the RQVHWRIYLWLOLJRLQVRXWK,QGLDQ7DPLOV Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine the DVVRFLDWLRQRI3731UV ZLWKQRQVHJPHQWDOYLWLOLJRLQ 6RXWK,QGLDQ7DPLOQDWLYHV Methodology: 264 cases of non-segmental vitiligo and 264 healthy controls were recruited in the present study. Disease activity grading ZDV GRQH DFFRUGLQJ WR 9LWLOLJR LQGH[ RI GLVHDVH DFWLYLW\ 9,'$ scoring was done in patients with non segmental vitiligo. The SRO\PRUSKLVPLQWKH3731JHQHUV ZDVW\SHGE\XVLQJ Taqman 5’allele discrimination assay. Results: :H REVHUYHG WKDW WKHUH LV VLJQL¿FDQW DVVRFLDWLRQ EHWZHHQ 3731 UV DQG YLWLOLJR ULVN LQ WKH 6RXWK ,QGLDQ 7DPLO SRSXODWLRQ+RZHYHU3731UV 613ZDVQRWIRXQGWR be associated with the family history, gender and age of onset of the disease. Conclusion:2XUUHVXOWVVXJJHVWWKDW3731UV FRQIHUV VXVFHSWLELOLW\WRQRQVHJPHQWDOYLWLOLJRLQ6RXWK,QGLDQ7DPLOQDWLYHV

PO201 Toxic beauty! Are cosmetics harmful to our health ? Ipsita Mazumdar1, Krishnajyoti Goswami 2 1 Dept of Biochemistry, KPC Medical College & Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India. 2 Dept of Biochemistry, Lincoln University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

H

eavy metal toxicity is a continuous threat to both environment and health. The routes of entry of toxic metals like lead (Pb) includes the jewelry and cosmetics we use, specially color cosmetics like lipsticks. Pb toxicity induced by lipsticks affect not only the women using them, but also the unborn fetus, if used by pregnant women, and infants, when used during lactation. The present study aims to determine the Pb content in a variety RI OLSVWLFN EUDQGV VROG LQ ,QGLDQ PDUNHWV DQG DWWHPSWV WR TXDQWLI\ whether and how far they exceed the maximum permissible limit approved by FDA.

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7KHVDPSOHVZHUHDQDO\]HGDFFRUGLQJWRVWDQGDUGL]HG,QWHUQDWLRQDO SURWRFROE\ZHWGLJHVWLRQPHWKRGXVLQJ1LWULF$FLG3HUFKORULF$FLG and Hydrogen Peroxide. Analysis was done by Flame Emission 6SHFWURSKRWRPHWU\XVLQJDQ$LUDFHW\OHQHÀDPHIRUOHDG Results of the study shows an alarmingly higher level of lead in all the samples tested, from high end luxury brands, commercially available and drugstore brands, and cheaper locally available imported brands. The lead concentrations in various lipstick colors, in decreasing order are- Brown> Pink> Purple> Maroon> Red. The primary ingredients found in lipstick are wax, oil, alcohol and dye. Though lead is not an active ingredient of the lipsticks, it is present as impurities in the color additives. Continuous use of these cosmetics could result in an increase in the toxic metal levels of body beyond permissible limits. Therefore, effort should be made towards enlightening the users and the distributors of the health risks involved. Keywords: Lead toxicity, Lipstick, Cosmetics.

PO202 Incidence of ethanol toxicity detected at MPDC, Manipal Pragati Nayak1, Vinutha R.Bhat1, Padmanabha Udupa1, Shankar M. Bakkannavar2 1 Department of Biochemistry 2 Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology KMC, Manipal Aim: To evaluate the presence or absence of ethanol toxicity. Background: Ethanol is a 2-carbon chain alcohol, the chemical formula is CH2CH32+ ,W LV D QHXURWR[LF SV\FKRDFWLYH GUXJ DQG RQHRIWKHROGHVWUHFUHDWLRQDOGUXJ,WLVRQHRIWKHPRVWFRPPRQO\ abused drug in the world. Alcohol intoxication is the result of alcohol entering the blood stream faster than it can be metabolized by the liver, which breaks down the ethanol into nontoxicating product. 6\PSWRPV RI DOFRKRO LQWR[LFDWLRQ LQFOXGHV HXSKRULD ÀXVKHG VNLQ and decreased social inhibition at lower doses, with larger doses produces impairment of balance, ataxia and decision making ability DVZHOODVQDXVHDRUYRPLWLQJ6XI¿FLHQWO\KLJKOHYHOVRIDOFRKROZLOO cause coma and death. Method: The blood and urine samples were analyzed biochemically using potassium dichromate solution and sulphuric acid (color test). Result: Retroscopic study was carried out among 45 patients aged about 5 to 70 years, of which 8 were detected negative and 42 were detected positive. Conclusion: Ethanol binds directly to the gamma amino butyric acid *$%$ UHFHSWRU LQ WKH &16 DQG FDXVHV VHGDWLYH HIIHFW 7R[LFLW\ of ethanol is due to the entry of alcohol into the bloodstream which causes confusion, vomiting, seizures, irregularity and slow breathing and hypothermia.

Ind J Clin Biochem

PO203 Study of serum Leukotriene B4 and High Sensitivity C-Reactive protein levels in patients with alcoholic liver disease Hare Singh Makwane1, Meena Varma1, Amita Parmar1, Pawan Kumar Kare2, Rajesh Kumar Jha3 Department of Biochemistry1, Department of Medicine3, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical sciences and P.G. Institutes, Indore. Department of Biochemistry2, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi. Background: Alcoholism is a common global problem and is one of the major medical complications of alcohol abuse. The consumption of H[FHVVLYHDOFRKROHQKDQFHVHQGRWR[LQKHSDWR[LFLW\DQGVLJQL¿FDQWO\ increases the risk of alcoholic liver disease which lead to the liver FLUUKRVLV ,QFUHDVHG HQGRWR[LQ OHYHOV PRGXODWH OLYHU HLFRVDQRLG metabolism, eventually leading to liver injury. Endotoxemia is known to increase production of both thromboxane and leukotriene levels in SODVPD 7KHVH OHXNRWULHQHV DWWUDFW DQG PRGXODWH WKH LQÀDPPDWRU\ cells. The excessive production of leukotriene B4 and variation in levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein may be associated with the alcoholic liver disease. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the levels of serum leukotriene B4 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein in alcoholic liver disease patients and in healthy controls. Materials and Methods: ,Q WKH SUHVHQW VWXG\ VXEMHFWV ZHUH included as alcoholic liver disease and 120 subjects were included as healthy controls. Following investigations were carried out. (1) Estimation of serum Leukotriene B4E\(/,6$PHWKRG (VWLPDWLRQ RI KLJK VHQVLWLYLW\ &UHDFWLYH SURWHLQ E\ ,PPXQHWXUELGLPHWULF method. Results: ,Q WKLV VWXG\ ZH KDYH IRXQG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQFUHDVHG OHYHOV of serum leukotriene B4 S DQG KLJK VHQVLWLYLW\ &UHDFWLYH SURWHLQS LQDOFRKROLFOLYHUGLVHDVHSDWLHQWVDVFRPSDUHGWR healthy controls. Conclusions:6LJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVHGOHYHOVRIVHUXPOHXNRWULHQH%4 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein are indicating as a promising prognostic markers of increasing risk for alcoholic liver disease. Key Words: LTB4 (leukotrine B4) Chemiluminescence immunoassay &/,$ DOFRKROLFOLYHUGLVHDVH$/' KV&53KLJKVHQVLWLYH& - reactive protein).

PO204 Preliminary antibacterial activity of royal jelly protein hydrolysate Avinash A K Math, *Sadanand B. Patil Department of Biochemistry, USM-KLE IMP, *J N Medical College, Belgaum # #

Introduction: Bioactive peptides are protein fragments with pronounce biological functions such as antimicrobial Royal jelly is the principal food of queen honeybee. Study was conducted to

investigate phytochemical properties and to isolate antibacterial peptides from Royal jelly proteins. Materials and Methods: Fresh Royal Jelly of honey bees from Central bee research institute, Pune were collected and stored in frozen condition. Preliminary Phytochemical screening was carried out on royal jelly. Royal jelly proteins were extracted by precipitation using Acetone as precipitating agent. Extracted royal jelly proteins were hydrolyzed by Trypsin enzymes to obtain protein hydrolysate at pH 8.0, Temp 37(oC) for 12 hours. Samples taken at 12 h from proteolytic mixture are immediately heated in a boiling water bath for 5 min, and centrifuged at 15000g in a micro centrifuge for 20 min. The supernatant obtained is assed for their antibacterial activity and characterizations. Protein hydrolysate obtained from trypsin hydrolysis have being assed for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans by well diffusion assay. Results: Preliminary Phytochemical screening of Royal jelly show the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugars, proteins, steroids, alkaloids and Tannis. Whereas other phytochemicals non reducing VXJDUSHQWRVHVXJDUVJO\FRVLGHVDQGÀDYRQRLGVZHUHDEVHQWLQUR\DO jelly. Antibacterial activity results will be discussed at the conference. PO205

Antibody Microarray based Immunoassay for Thyroxin, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Thyroglobulin Bharti Jain, J. Kumarasamy, C.Gholve, Savita Kulkarni, M.G.R.Rajan Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India Introduction: Antibody microarray based immunoassay or PLFURDUUD\LPPXQRDVVD\0, LVDPDMRUDGYDQFHLQLPPXQRDVVD\ technology for rapid and cost-effective, multi-target analysis of FOLQLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWDQDO\WHVUHVXOWLQJLQLPSURYHGTXDOLW\RISDWLHQW care. Simultaneous analysis of analytes having varying molecular weight and concentration is a key challenge faced during development RI 0, $VVHVVPHQW RI WK\URLG GLVRUGHUV E\ VHUXP DQDO\VLV PRVWO\ requires measurement of thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroglobulin (Tg). Aims and objectives:'HYHORSPHQWDQGYDOLGDWLRQRID0,IRU7 TSH and Tg. Materials and Methods: Antibodies against T4, TSH and Tg were immobilized on glutaraldehyde activated polycarbonate track-etched membranes (PC-TEM) as micro-spots (~1000 micron diameter). Sandwiched immunoreactions using corresponding 125, ODEHOHG monoclonal detection antibodies were performed for TSH and Tg whereas competitive immunoreactions were performed for T4 using 125 ,77(0VZHUHLPDJHGXVLQJGLJLWDODXWRUDGLRJUDSK\DQGVSRW LQWHQVLW\ZDVTXDQWL¿HGXVLQJ,PDJH-VRIWZDUH Results and conclusion :$VWDWLVWLFDOFRPSDULVRQRIUHVXOWVIURP0, IRUKXPDQVHUXPVDPSOHVZLWKLQGLYLGXDO5,$,50$VKRZHGWKDW WKHDVVD\VKDGVLJQL¿FDQWFRUUHODWLRQFRHI¿FLHQWVU SIRU 7U SIRU76+DQGU SIRU7J 0,ZDV

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Ind J Clin Biochem

FURVVWDONIUHHZLWKORZLQWUDDQGLQWHUDVVD\FRHI¿FLHQWRIYDULDWLRQ 0,ZDVVHQVLWLYHJGOIRU7,8POIRU76+ and 0.03 ng/ml for Tg) with clinically useful working range. Thus, ZHKDYHGHYHORSHGRIDVHQVLWLYHVSHFL¿FDQGDFFXUDWH0,IRU7 TSH and Tg varying widely in molecular weights (0.77kDa, 28kDa and 660 kDa respectively) and concentrations (~ 0.1 micromolar, ~ 0.3 femtomolar and ~ 3 nanomolar respectively) in serum.

PO206 Association of CRP +1846C/T (Rs1205) gene polymorphism with psoriasis risk in south Indian Tamils Anjana.S1, Medha Rajappa2, Laxmisha Chandrashekar2, Thappa DM2, Santhosh Satheesh3, Adithan C4 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2Department of Dermatology, 3 Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry. 4Central Interdisciplinary Research Facility, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry. Introduction: 3VRULDVLV LV D 7K7K PHGLDWHG LQÀDPPDWRU\ disease of skin. The concept of “psoriatic march” explains psoriasis DVDVWDWHRIV\VWHPLFLQÀDPPDWLRQWKDWVWDUWVIURPVNLQDQGOHDGV to the cardiovascular co-morbidities. Previous studies have reported DVVRFLDWLRQ RI 613 UV LQ WKH LQÀDPPDWRU\ PDUNHU &53 JHQH with cardio-metabolic co-morbidities in previous studies. We studied WKH DVVRFLDWLRQ RI UV 613 ZLWK VXVFHSWLELOLW\ WR SVRULDVLV LQ 6RXWK,QGLDQSRSXODWLRQ Methodology: 300 cases with psoriasis and 300 controls were enrolled. Severity grading was done using psoriasis area severity LQGH[ 3$6, VFRULQJ *HQRW\SLQJ RI &53 UV ZDV GRQH E\ Taqman 5’ allele discrimination assay. Plasma CRP levels were DVVD\HGXVLQJFRPPHUFLDOO\DYDLODEOH(/,6$NLWV Results::H IRXQG WKDW &53 613 UV ZDV QRW DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK SVRULDVLV VXVFHSWLELOLW\ LQ RXU 6RXWK ,QGLDQ 7DPLO SRSXODWLRQ &LUFXODWLQJ OHYHOV RI KV&53 ZDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU LQ SDWLHQWV ZLWKSVRULDVLVDVFRPSDUHGZLWKFRQWUROVS +RZHYHUWKH SURWHLQOHYHOVZHUHQRWVLJQL¿FDQWO\DVVRFLDWHGZLWKGLVHDVHVHYHULW\ DVDVVHVVHGE\3$6,VFRULQJ1RJHQRW\SHZDVIRXQGVLJQL¿FDQWO\ DVVRFLDWHGZLWK3$6,RU&53OHYHOVDOVR Conclusion: 2XU UHVXOWV VXJJHVW WKDW WKH 613 &53 UV LV QRW DVVRFLDWHGZLWKSVRULDVLVULVNLQ6RXWK,QGLDQ7DPLOSRSXODWLRQ

PO207 Vitamin D Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease

complications. Recent studies have reported a high worldwide SUHYDOHQFH RI 9LWDPLQ ' GH¿FLHQF\ LQ WKH JHQHUDO SRSXODWLRQ XS WR 9LWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\LVKLJKO\SUHYDOHQWLQSDWLHQWVZLWK chronic kidney disease (CKD). The low vitamin D status is, to a large extent, caused by dysregulation of vitamin D metabolism as a result RIUHQDOLQVXI¿FLHQF\DQGLQFUHDVHVZLWKDGYDQFLQJVWDJHVRI&.'. 5HFHQWVWXGLHVDOVRLQGLFDWHWKDWYLWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\PD\SURPRWH or accelerate the progression of CKD, whereas treatment with low calcemic vitamin D analogs can reduce proteinuria and ameliorate renal damage in patients with CKD Patients. Objectives: To determine the serum Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels in CKD patients and compare with normal healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study involving 50 normal volunteers (control) and 50 patients with diagnosed cases of CKD .Blood sample was collected from study population and Serum was analyed for vitamin 25 OH vitamin D levels in cobas 6000 fully automated analyser by chemiluminescence method. Results were analyzed by student t test Results and Conclusion9LWDPLQ'OHYHOVZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHU in patients with chronic renal disease when compared to the control group. Keywords: K\GUR[\YLWDPLQ'&.'SDWLHQWV1RUPDOFRQWURO

PO208 Seaweed-Nature’s Secret to Balance your Metabolism with Rich Nutritional aspects and Fight Diseases Ashwini S. 2Manjula Shantaram Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Post Graduate Centre, Kodagu , Karnataka, India

1

1,2

Objective: To evaluate the biochemical composition of red seaweed (Gracilariacorticata) collected from Surathkal Beach, Mangalore. Method: Seaweed sample was picked with hand and immediately washed with seawater to remove the foreign particles and kept in an ice box containing slush ice and immediately transported to the laboratory and washed thoroughly using tap water to remove the salt on the surface of the sample. Then seaweeds were spread on blotting paper to remove excess water. The total protein was estimated using the Biuret method of Raymont et al,. The total carbohydrate was estimated by following the Phenol-sulphuric acid method of Dubois et al. The extraction of lipid was done by the chloroform-methanol mixture method of Folchet al.

Malathi.M, Maitreyee.D.S, Ramlingareddy Dept of Biochemistry, FMMC, Mangalore

Result: The carbohydrate content was found to be the highest in G.corticata followed by protein content while lipid content was found to be minimum in G.corticata.

Background: Vitamin D is a prehormone obtained through the diet or YLDVNLQV\QWKHVLV,WLVVXEVHTXHQWO\DFWLYDWHGLQDVHTXHQWLDOVWHS SURFHVVLQYROYLQJ¿UVWK\GUR[\ODWLRQLQWKHOLYHUWRSURGXFH (OH) vitamin D and then 1-hydroxylation, which occurs primarily in the kidney, to produce the active product 1,25 vitamin D or calcitriol. Hypovitaminosis D is reported to be associated with several medical

Conclusion: While seaweeds being considered as edible and studied mostly in Japan, it is necessary to study the biochemical aspects of available seaweeds, also to know more about therapeutic value of the DYDLODEOHUHVRXUFHV,WFDQEHXQGHUVWRRGDQGHQFRXUDJHGWRFRQVXPH sea weeds as a part of diet and also to encourage the cultivation of seaweeds.

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PO209 Risk factors for increased blood Lead level in Children Shailja Chambial, Praveen Sharma Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India Introduction: Lead exposure is inadvertent because of it’s wide use in various spheres of day to day life. Childhood lead exposure is estimated to contribute to about 600,000 new cases of children with intellectual disabilities every year. Aim: 7R ¿QG RXW WKH EORRG OHDG OHYHO %// LQ FKLOGUHQ RI ORFDO population and risk factors associated with it. Material and Methods: Students from various schools of rural and urban area were selected randomly and written informed consent was obtained from the parents/ guardians of participants. Personal details, complaints, dietary habits, history of pica and other relevant details were noted in questionnaire. 2ml venous blood sample in EDTA vial was collected and BLL was estimated the very same day after HQVXULQJTXDOLW\FRQWURO/HDGZDVPHDVXUHGXVLQJ/HDG,,DQDO\VHU by standardized anodic stripping voltametry technique. Results: Total 426 children (5-12yrs) participated in the study. 7KHLUPHDQ%//ZDVXJG/XJG/ ,QFUHDVHG BLL (>5ug/dL) was found in 18.87% of the subjects. Children residing in urban region were found to have BLL >5ug/dl [22.18%] in comparison to rural inhabitants [9.77%]. 76.1% of children in urban region were residing in old houses with metallic plumbing which were recently painted in comparison to children of rural region [57.1%]. Other causes of increased BLL could be use of cosmetics and kohl/surma [>50%] and herbal medicines [>21%] which were the common determinants. Conclusion: 6LJQL¿FDQWQXPEHURIXUEDQUHJLRQFKLOGUHQRI:HVWHUQ Rajasthan have increased BLL. Usage of old metallic pipes for SOXPELQJROGKRXVLQJZDWHUFRQVXPSWLRQZLWKRXWDQ\SXUL¿FDWLRQ system, usage of surma/kohl and Ayurvedic/ herbal medicines were the common determinants for increased BLL. Key words: Lead exposure, Blood lead level, Children, Risk factors.

PO210 Evaluation of some minerals in cord blood from rural and urban population of Udaipur region

Method: Our study group consisted of 640 healthy term newborn. The cord blood was collected immediately after a normal delivery. The blood was tested to determine calcium, magnesium, Phosphorus DQG,URQ Result: The results showed that the levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron, were higher in urban population than rural ones. $OOZHUHVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQW7KHOHYHOVRIPDJQHVLXPSKRVSKRUXV and iron were lower in female urban neonates as compared to male XUEDQQHRQDWHV$OOZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWZKHQFRPSDUHGVH[ZLVH7KH trend was same with increase levels of magnesium; phosphorus and iron were lower in females of rural population than cord blood of male rural neonates. Conclusion: The result showed that rural and urban population, also female and male neonates have genetic variation and difference in mineral metabolism.

PO211 Mangiferin a C-Glucosylxanthone, ameliorates the arsenic induced cytotoxicity in IEC-6 cell line Salmataj SA1, B.S Satish Rao3, V Ramachandramoorthy1, Shobha U Kamath2* 1 Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, 2 Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 3 Deaprtment of Radiobiology, School of Life sciences, Manipal

C

hronic exposure to high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water poses severe health problems. Remedy for arsenic poisoning remains elusive. Mangiferin a C-glucosylxanthone was investigated for its ability to protect against arsenic induced F\WRWR[LFLW\ LQ ,(& FHOO OLQHV7KH 89 VSHFWUDO GDWD UHYHDOHG WKH FKHPLFDOLQWHUDFWLRQVEHWZHHQ0DQJLIHULQDQG$V,,, LQDPRODU UDWLR077DVVD\VFRQ¿UPHGWKHHI¿FDF\RI0*1VXSSOHPHQWDWLRQLQ attenuating arsenic induced cytotoxicity. Mangiferin could effectively attenuate the arsenite-induced cytotoxicity, production of reactive R[\JHQVSHFLHV526 003OLSLGSHUR[LGDWLRQ'1$GDPDJHDQG FHOO F\FOH $SSOLFDWLRQ RI PDQJLIHULQ DORQJ ZLWK 1D$V22 LQ ,(& 6 cells resulted in the modulation of arsenite-induced activities of antioxidant enzymes like SOD and Catalase to near normal levels. )7,5+3/&DQGÀRUHVFHQFHVWXGLHVLQGLFDWHGSRVVLEOHFKHODWLRQRI mangiferin with arsenite.

Suman Jain1, Sharda Goyal2, Harshdeep Jadeja2, U.D. Deshmukh1 1 'HSDUWPHQWRI%LRFKHPLVWU\3DFL¿F,QVWLWXWHRI0HGLFDO6FLHQFHV Udaipur. 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur.

PO212

Introduction: Vitamins and minerals collectively referred to as PLFURQXWULHQWV KDYH LPSRUWDQW LQÀXHQFH RQ WKH KHDOWK RI SUHJQDQW women and the growing foetus. Pregnancy is related to increase GHPDQG RI DOO QXWULHQWV DQG GH¿FLHQF\ DQ\ RI WKHVH FDQ DIIHFW pregnancy, delivery and outcome of pregnancy. Disorders in mineral element nutrition and metabolism can lead to wide variety of malformations. Data on mineral values in newborn are very less in contrast to adult hence the present study was planned to analyse some of minerals in the umbilical cord blood of rural and urban population and compare them gender wise.

Father Muller Medical College

6WXG\ RI 0DJQHVLXP &DOFLXP DQG /LSLG SUR¿OH LQ Chronic Kidney disease patients Maitreyee DS, Malathi M, Ramlinga Reddy

Background: Magnesium depletion is being considered as the missing link between the cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in CKD. Hypocalcemia is common in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and it is standard practice to correct this back to the normal range, presumably to prevent symptomatic hypocalcemia. And data suggest that this SURPRWHVYDVFXODUFDOFL¿FDWLRQDQGDG\QDPLFERQHGLVHDVH5HFHQW reports suggest that 40-70 % chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients

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PO213 3UHYDOHQFH RI LURQ GH¿FLHQF\ DQG LURQ GH¿FLHQF\ anemia among females Priya, KS.Fayaz, K.P.Mishra Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh Background: ,URQ GH¿FLHQF\ LV WKH PRVW SUHYDOHQW QXWULWLRQDO problem in many parts of the world and the most common cause of DQHPLDLQ,QGLDHVSHFLDOO\DPRQJIHPDOH. Objectives: Few studies have comprehensively assessed etiologic IDFWRUVFRQWULEXWLQJWRDQHPLDDQGLURQGH¿FLHQF\LQ,QGLD+HQFH this study is to determine the prevalence relative importance of various factors contributing to these problems in reproductive age of young women. Methodology,Q WKLV FURVV VHFWLRQDO VWXG\ ZH DUH LQFOXGLQJ female subjects with the age group of 15-40 from Outpatient department Govt Medical College Kannauj.All the subjects’ clinical data, socioeconomic data, anthropometric data and laboratory results ZDV FROOHFWHG DQG DOVR %LRFKHPLFDO SDUDPHWHU OLNH /LSLG SUR¿OH )HUULWLQ6HUXP,URQ7RWDOLURQELQGLQJFDSDFLW\DQGXQVDWXUDWHGLURQ binding capacity was estimated. Result: 7KH SUHYDOHQFH UDWHV RI DQHPLD DQG LURQ GH¿FLHQF\ ZHUH 37% and 64%, respectively; 95% of the anemic women were iron GH¿FLHQW6XEMHFWVZKRDUHYHJHWDULDQGLHWDQGORZHUVRFLRHFRQRPLF VWDWXVDUHVKRZLQJKLJKSUHYDOHQFH IRULURQGH¿FLHQF\DQHPLD ZKHQFRPSDUHGWRVXEMHFWVZLWK1RQYHJHWDULDQGLHWDQGKLJKVRFLR economic status (21%). Conclusion: Our data recommends screening and educational SURJUDPVIRULURQGH¿FLHQF\DQHPLDDPRQJIHPDOH,URQVXSSOHPHQW DQG IRRG LURQ IRUWL¿FDWLRQDUH UHTXLUHG LQ RUGHU WR RYHUFRPH WKLV simple but common health problem.

PO214 Association of VDR gene (FOKI) polymorphism and vitamin D levels with insulin resistance in PCOS patients Jyoti1, Anju Jain1, Chitra Raghunandan2 1 Dept of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College. 2Dept of Obstetrics and gynaecology, Lady Hardinge Medical College. Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common female endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, presenting in up to 18 % of this population. Women with 3&26 GLVSOD\ JUHDWHU SUHYDOHQFH RI LQVXOLQ UHVLVWDQFH ,5 and compensatory hyperinsulinemia than non-affected women. 9LWDPLQ'GH¿FLHQF\KDVEHHQVXJJHVWHGWREHDFDXVDOIDFWRULQWKH pathogenesis of insulin resistance in women with PCOS. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates more than 3% of the human genome, including genes that are crucial for glucose metabolism. Aims and Objective: 7R VWXG\ 9'5 JHQH )RN, SRO\PRUSKLVP &vitamin D levels in PCOS patients and controls. To study the UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQ9'5JHQH)RN, SRO\PRUSKLVPDQGYLWDPLQ' ZLWKPDUNHUVRI,5LQZRPHQZLWK3&26

123

Materials and Methods: VDR gene polymorphism & 25(OH) D levels were assessed and compared between 50 diagnosed PCOS ZRPHQ DQG DJH DQG %0, PDWFKHG FRQWURO ZRPHQ 9'5 JHQH polymorphism & 25(OH) D levels were compared with various PDUNHUVRI,5)DVWLQJ3ODVPD*OXFRVH)DVWLQJ6,QVXOLQ+20$ ,5 EHWZHHQWKHWZRJURXSV Results: 2+ 'OHYHOVZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHULQZRPHQZLWK PCOS than control group (p = 0.033). Low 25(OH) D levels in PCOS patients were associated with higher insulin levels (rs = -0.272, p = KLJKHU+20$,5Us = -0.296, p = 0.037) and higher plasma glucose levels (rs S 1RVLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHZDV seen in genotypic distribution of C/T genotypes between cases and controls. CC genotype has higher levels of 25(OH) D (p= 0.023) and ORZHUOHYHOVRI+20$,5S WKDQLQ&7JHQRW\SH Conclusion: 9LWDPLQ ' OHYHOV ZHUH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ORZHU LQ 3&26 SDWLHQWVDVFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROV9LWDPLQ'OHYHOVZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\ higher in CC genotype. Low vitamin D levels were positively associated with hyperinsulinemia in women with PCOS.

PO215 Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) GH¿FLHQF\ DPRQJ EORRG GRQRUV LQ 0DQJDOXUX Karnataka Suriyan.S.Nair, Leeshma James, Prathima M.B, Reshma, Sushith.S Department of Biochemistry, A.J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mangalore, Karnataka. Introduction:Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a cytosolic enzyme encoded by a housekeeping X-linked gene whose PDLQ IXQFWLRQ LV WR SURGXFH 1$'3+ ,QKHULWHG *3' GH¿FLHQF\ is associated with either episodic haemolytic anaemia or life-long KDHPRO\WLFDQDHPLD7KHSUHYDOHQFHRI*3'GH¿FLHQF\KDVEHHQ extensively studied in several population groups but there is scarce LQIRUPDWLRQDERXW*3'GH¿FLHQF\IURP0DQJDORUH.DUQDWDNDDQG the last study was conducted in 1974. Aim 7R GHWHUPLQH *3' GH¿FLHQF\ DPRQJ EORRG GRQRUV LQ 0DQJDOXUX.DUQDWDND,QGLD Objectives: 7R VFUHHQ IRU *3' GH¿FLHQF\ LQ EORRG GRQRUV 7R TXDQWLWDWLYHO\HVWLPDWHWKH*3'DQGFRQ¿UPWKHHQ]\PHDFWLYLW\ Materials and Methods: 150 samples of blood donors who came WR $-,QVWLWXWH RI 0HGLFDO 6FLHQFHV 5HVHDUFK 0DQJDORUH Determination of G6PD was done UV kinetic method. Results: G6PD enzyme values (% Activity) of blood among 150 EORRG GRQRUV ZHUH FODVVL¿HG DFFRUGLQJ WR :+2 FODVVL¿FDWLRQ ,Q EORRGVDPSOHVKDG&ODVV,9HQ]\PHDFWLYLW\WZRKDG&ODVV ,,,HQ]\PHDFWLYLW\DQGWKUHHKDG&ODVV9HQ]\PHDFWLYLW\ Conclusions: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence RI *3' GH¿FLHQF\ LQ EORRG GRQRUV DQG WKHUHIRUH WR FRQFOXGH ZKHWKHU VFUHHQLQJ IRU WKLV FRPPRQ HQ]\PH GH¿FLHQF\ VKRXOG EH done as a routine test especially in blood bank but the data collected showed that prevalence of G6PD is very low in our study and did not DFKLHYHDQ\VWDWLVWLFDOVLJQL¿FDQFHZLWKUHVSHFWWR*3'GH¿FLHQF\ The study conducted by us therefore concluded that the necessity of including G6PD should be more with respect to geography, ethnicity, the number of samples screened and the study period.

Ind J Clin Biochem

PO216 Association of polymorphisms inosteoprotegerin (OPG) gene with bone mineral density and serum OPG levels in Indian women Seema Kadam, Hetal Bhadricha, Meena Desai, M.I. Khatkhatay National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), J,M. Street, Parel Mumbai, India Introduction: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Receptor activator of QXFOHDU IDFWRUN% OLJDQG 5$1./ DUH GRPLQDQW UHJXODWRUV RI ERQH UHVRUSWLRQ 5$1./ VWLPXODWHV RVWHRFODVW IRUPDWLRQ IXQFWLRQ and survival and each of these effects is inhibited by OPG. The EDODQFH RI WKH 23* 5$1. DQG 5$1./ PDLQWDLQV SK\VLRORJLF bone remodeling The expression of these proteins belonging to WKHVXSHUIDPLO\RIWXPRUQHFURVLVIDFWRU71) DUHDOWHUHGLQPDQ\ ERQH GLVHDVHV ZKLFK FDQ UHÀHFW GLVHDVH HWLRORJ\ RU FRPSHQVDWRU\ responses to disease. Aims and Objectives: To study the association of single nucleotide SRO\PRUSKLVPV 613V LQ 23* JHQH ZLWK ERQH PLQHUDO GHQVLW\ PHDVXUHPHQWVDQGVHUXP23*DQGV5$1./OHYHOVLQ,QGLDQZRPHQ Materials and Methods: The participants (n=150) underwent BMD measurements by DXA and gave fasting blood sample. Polymorphisms in the OPG gene were studied using PCR-RFLP and JHQHVHTXHQFLQJWHFKQLTXHVZKLOHVHUXP23*DQGV5$1./OHYHOV ZHUHHVWLPDWHGE\FRPPHUFLDO(/,6$NLWV Results: OPG levels positively correlated with age(p=0.0047) while V5$1./ OHYHOV VKRZHG D QHJDWLYH FRUUHODWLRQS $Q age related decrease in BMD at both spine and hip was observed LQWKHVHZRPHQ,QSRVWPHQRSDXVDOZRPHQORZERQHPDVVDWERWK the BMD sites was associated with a decrease in serum OPG levels in TT genotypes. Premenopausal women did not show a statistical difference in BMD and OPG levels however a decrease in the TT genotypes was observed. Conclusion: OPG and Srankl levels correlated inversely with age and BMD. The polymorphisms in T950C of the TT genotypes are DVVRFLDWHGZLWKORZERQHPDVVLQSRVWPHQRSDXVDO,QGLDQZRPHQ

PO217 3K\VLFRFKHPLFDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI XQLÀRUDO KRQH\ from western ghats of India Shruti S. Kulkarni, Sadanand B. Patil* USM-KLE IMP, Belgaum. *J.N.Medical College, Belgaum Introduction: +RQH\LVQDWXUDOIRRGSURGXFWSURGXFHGIURPEHHV,W is viscous liquid composed of sugars, amino acids, proline, minerals, aromatic substances, proteins, vitamins, enzymes, polyphenols and ÀDYRQRLGV $V KRQH\ FRQWDLQV XQLTXH DQG ELRDFWLYH VXEVWDQFHV LW is useful in treatment of burns, wounds and various ailments. The composition of honey depends mainly on source of nectar of plants. 3ROOHQDQDO\VLVFRQ¿UPVWKHXQLÀRUDOLW\LIKRQH\FRQWDLQVRQHW\SHRI SROOHQPRUHWKDQRIWRWDOSROOHQVWKHQLWLVFRQVLGHUHGDVXQLÀRUDO 7KH ERWDQLFDO FRPSRVLWLRQ RI KRQH\V YDULHV GHSHQGLQJ RQ ÀRUDO source of nectar. Because of this honeys differ in the composition of chemical, physical and biological activities. The literature review

showed lacunae in composition including physical and chemical FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI XQLÀRUDO KRQH\V IURP :HVWHUQ *KDWV RI ,QGLD The objective of the study is to investigate the physicochemical FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIXQLÀRUDOKRQH\VIURP:HVWHUQ*KDWVRI,QGLD Materials and Methods: Honeycollection andprocessing: Honey samples have been procured IURP&HQWUDO%HH5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWH3XQHZLWKWKHDXWKHQWLFDWLRQRI SROOHQDQDO\VLVWRFRQ¿UPWKHXQLÀRUDOLW\7KHFROOHFWHGKRQH\VKDYH EHHQ¿OWHUHGWKURXJKVLQJOHWKLFNQHVV¿QHFORWKWRUHPRYHVXVSHQGHG particles like dirt, beeswax and other impurities. Later were stored in airtight container at room temperature under hygienic conditions. PhysicochemicalAnalysis of honey samples: Organolepticcharacters for colour, odor, taste and form later physicochemical characters PRLVWHU DVK DQG )LHKH¶V WHVW ZHUH DQDO\]HG DFFRUGLQJ WR $3, guidelines. Quantative determination of honey samples for SRO\SKHQROVDQGÀDYRQRLGVZHUHFDUULHGRXW Results and Conclusion will be presented during conference.

PO218 Preliminary study of the mechanism of Andrographis Paniculata in mitigating the toxic effects of Naja naja venom Akshatha G. Nayak , Maya Roche Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal. Introduction: 6QDNH YHQRP LV D PRGL¿HG GLJHVWLYH VHFUHWLRQ consisting of a complex mixture of biologically active compounds including variety of enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, inorganic metal ions, growth factors, nucleosidesand so on, each one playing an LPSRUWDQWUROHLQLWVWR[LFLW\7KHYHQRPRXVELWHRIWKH,QGLDQFREUD i.e NajanajaDFFRXQWVIRUGHDWKVDQQXDOO\LQ,QGLD7UHDWPHQW with antivenin is expensive. Poor accessibility to antivenin and anaphylactic reactions associated with 20% of the patientsduring treatment with antivenin, further complicate the situation. Andrographis paniculata (A.P) is aherb, commonly known as ‘king of bitters’, has been used in the treatment of envenomation due to Naja najaE\ WUDGLWLRQDO KHDOHUV LQ ,QGLD DQG VRXWK HDVW$VLD 7KH mechanism of its action in mitigating snake venom toxicity has not been explored in detail. Aims and Objectives: To study the effect of the methanolic extract of A.P on proteolytic activity, destruction of proteinase inhibitory activity of plasma and anticoagulant activity of Najanajavenom. Materials and Methods: Proteolytic activity of the venom and theeffect of methanolic extract of A.P on proteolytic activity was measured using the caseinolytic assay of Kunitz. Effect of synthetic proteinase inhibitors on proteolytic activity was measured in the presence of ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) andphenyl PHWK\OVXOIRQ\OÀXRULGH306) +HSDULQL]HGSODVPDZDVREWDLQHG IURP KHDOWK\ YROXQWHHUV ,(& WR HVWLPDWH DQWLWU\SWLF and antichymotrypticactivity in the presence of venom. Citrated

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plasma was used to study the effect of the venom and A.P extract on prothrombin time(PT) using CoagTHREE kit. Results: Progressive increase in the inhibition (14 to 54%) of FDVHLQRO\WLF DFWLYLW\ RI WKH YHQRP ȝJ ZDV REVHUYHG LQ WKH SUHVHQFHRILQFUHDVLQJFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRI$3ȝJWRPJ ('7$ (10-3mM)and PMSF (10-5mM) caused 89% and 78% inhibition of FDVHLQRO\WLF DFWLYLW\ RI YHQRP ȝJ UHVSHFWLYHO\9HQRP ȝJ did not cause a loss of antitryptic and antichymotryptic activity of the plasma when plasma was incubated with the venom for 16 hours at 37$C.PT of citrated plasma was prolonged by 36% (from 13.5 secs WR VHFV E\ WKH YHQRPȝJ $GGLWLRQ RI$3 GLG QRW UHYHUVH the change in PT. However, pre-incubation of the venom with A.P followed by its addition to the assay system, completely reversedPT back to normal. Discussion and conclusion: Najanaja venom contains metalloproteinases as evidenced by inhibition with EDTA. As UHSRUWHGLQOLWHUDWXUHPHWKDQROLFH[WUDFWRI$3FRQWDLQVÀDYRQRLGV ÀDYRQROVSKHQROLFFRPSRXQGVZKLFKFKHODWHWKH=Q+2 ions present in the catalytic site of metalloproteinases. This accounts for the LQKLELWLRQ RI SURWHRO\WLF DFWLYLW\ RI WKH YHQRP ,QKLELWLRQ RI FDVHLQRO\WLFDFWLYLW\E\306)FRQ¿UPVDSURPLQHQWUROHIRUVHULQH and thiol- proteinases in the venom. Najanaja venom enzymes do not destroy antitryptic and antichymotryptic activities which contribute to the natural defenses in humans during envenomation. Action of the venom on other proteinase inhibitors, especially Ʉ-2 macroglobulin which is a panproteinase inhibitor needs to be studied.Reversal of 37WRQRUPDOYDOXHVE\$3LQGLFDWHVDEHQH¿FLDOUROHLQFRQWUROOLQJ anticoagulation in envenomation due to cobra bite, though this needs WREHYHUL¿HGZLWKin vivo experiments.

PO219 A comparative study of total protein, calcium and triglyceride content along with qualitative analysis of adulterants in different types of milk Pritesh D. Mehta, K. N. Dave Department of Biochemistry, LTMM College, Mumbai

,

n present study, Toned milk (5 brands), Double toned milk (2 brands) and Flavoured milk (4 brands) were studied for analysis of some chemical parameters such as total protein,calcium and triglycerides. The concentration of total protein in toned milk, double WRQHGPLONDQGÀDYRXUHGPLONLV JGO J dl and (2.48 ± 0.99) g/dl respectively. Cow milk (taken as standard) contains (3.42 ± 0.33) g/dl of proteins. The amount of calcium present in toned milk is (126.87 ± 16.48) mg%, in double toned milk is (132 PJDQGLQÀDYRXUHGPLONLV PJ:KHUHDV cow milk contains (124.62 ± 5.58) mg% of calcium. Triglyceride concentration in toned milk is (309 ± 66.68) mg%, in double toned PLON LV PJ DQG LQ ÀDYRXUHG PLON LV 39.24) mg%. Triglyceride concentration in cow milk is (3811.75 ± 152.58) mg%. This comparative study indicates that the concentration of calcium present in milk is same in all the three types of milk i.e. WRQHGPLONGRXEOHWRQHGPLONDQGÀDYRXUHGPLONZKHUHDVWKH\GLIIHU in the triglyceride concentration as well as total protein content. The

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qualitative analysis of adulterants in branded milk and milk sold by local vendors were also studied. Varying degrees of adulterants like cane sugar, starch, sulphates, added glucose, nitrates, hypochlorites and chloramines, detergent, gelatin, hydrogen peroxide, boric acid, etc were found during the analysis.

PO220 Analysis of water from different parts of Mumbai Prathamesh M.Kolge, K.N.Dave

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ater is the most essential component required by body. The quality of water is more important to run smooth routine life of an individual. Drinking water contaminated with unknown, chemical, SROOXWDQWVHWF6RLQRUGHUWR¿QGRXWWKHGHJUHHRIFODULW\DVFHUWDLQ the nature of matter in suspension, mineral constituents ,excess of any particular constituent as affecting potable quality and general use to detect any organic impurities and to assess palatability, we have taken the project to study pH, total alkalinity, chloride content and hardness. Mineral water samples(5) taken as a control have 1.9 ml of hardness, total alkalinity 0.4ml ,chloride content 0.03ml and pH 7 Test samples (10) were carried out whose hardness is 2.48ml,Total alkalinity 3.0ml and chloride content 81.65ml and pH7.3 The results of the studied parameters are within the permissible limits, which is safe for drinking purpose.

PO221 Effects of anemia in aviator performance: A 5 year retrospective analysis of anemia in aircrew and its aeromedical aspects Gupta A , Santhosh SR , Parmar A Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Indian Air Force, Dept of Aviation Pathology & Toxicology Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Indian Air Force, Bangalore Background:$QHPLDLVGH¿QHGDVUHGXFHGKHPRJORELQFRQWHQWRI blood resulting in reduction in oxygen carrying capacity. Anemia FDQEHGXHWRDEURDGVSHFWUXPRIFDXVHVOLNHGLHWDU\LURQGH¿FLHQF\ chronic blood loss or relatively rare causes like thalassemia or haemoglobinopathies. Undiagnosed anemia carries considerable morbidity and performance limitation. Anemia in an aircrew may UHVXOWLQGLVTXDOL¿FDWLRQIURPÀ\LQJ Aim and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to identifycauses of anemia in aircrewand to look at its aero medical disposal. Material and Method: The available medical documents of all the DYLDWRUV UHSRUWLQJ IRU HYDOXDWLRQ WR ,$0 ,$) RYHU D SHULRG RI WHQ years (Jan 2006 to Dec 2015) were reviewed and those diagnosed with DQHPLD LQFOXGHG LQ WKH VWXG\$QHPLD LV GH¿QHG DV D+DHPRJORELQ OHYHO RI JPGO IRU PDOHV DQG JG/ IRU IHPDOHV &OLQLFDO H[DPLQDWLRQLQYHVWLJDWLRQVWUHDWPHQWDQG¿QDOGLVSRVLWLRQUHJDUGLQJ À\LQJZHUHDQDO\]HG+HPRJORELQOHYHOV+FW&%&SDUDPHWHUV3%6

Ind J Clin Biochem

¿QGLQJV VHUXP LURQ7,%& VWRRO XULQH IRU RFFXOW EORRG DQG +E electrophoresis were the investigations performed in cases of anemia for determination of its cause. Results: Documents of 239 air crew with anemia were analysed. Microcytic hypochromic anemia was the commonest (78.2%) morphological subtype of anemia detected. The cause of anemia and WKHLU DHURPHGLFDO FRQFHUQV ZLOO EH GLVFXVVHG IXUWKHU5HÀLJKWLQJ RIDLUFUHZDIWHUDGHTXDWHREVHUYDWLRQDQGPDQDJHPHQWLVDGH¿QLWH possibility, leading to optimal utilization of highly skilled manpower. Keywords: Anemia, Microcytic Hypochromic, Disposal.

PO222 Incidence of amphetamine and benzodiazepine overdosage cases detected in Manipal Poison Detection Centre Pravesh Hegde1, Vinutha R Bhat1, Padmanabha Udupa1, ShankarM Bakkanavar2 1 Department of Biochemistry,2Department of forensic medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

PO223 Exposure to sublethal multiple doses of diazinon induces biochemical changes in male wistar rats Damodar D, Urban JA D’Souza Department of Physiology. KVG Medical College, Sullia, Karnataka Background: Diazinon an organophospate (OP) is routinely employed in agriculture and domestic purposes, which is well documented to induce negative impact on the health of human. Presence of OPs in food items and environment an alarming sign to control the usage of OPs as they impose a threat to the health of non target organisms. Objectives: Hepatotoxic effects of multiple sublethal doses of diazinon are scanty in the literature. Hence the present study was aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of diazinon on liver. Methods: Male wistar rats (200-230gms) segregated into 7 groups of n=6. One control and six treatment groups with 6mg, 7.5mg and 10mg /kg body weight for 5 and 30 days duration. Diazinon groups ZHUH WUHDWHG RUDOO\ LQ D JDS RI K 7KH UDWV ZHUH VDFUL¿FHG K after last treatment. The blood was collected by heart puncture and centrifuged at 3000rpm to obtain serum. The serum was used to evaluate the level of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, total protein, albumin, WRWDOFKROHVWHURO7*VDQG$FKHVWHUDVHDFWLYLW\2QHZD\$129$ was used to analyze the data.

Introduction: Amphetamine and Benzodiazepine are a group of compounds that are abused in many regions around the world. According to the world drug report conducted in 2012 about 5% of the world’s adult population are estimated to have used an illicit drug atleast once. Drugs of abuse can alter a person’s thinking and judgement, leading to health risks, including addiction, drugged driving and infectious disease.These drugs also tap into the brains communication system and disrupt the way nerve cells normally send, receive and process information. Amphetamine is a stimulant that affects certain chemical in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control. Benzodiazepine is a psychoactive drug that enhances the effect of neurotransmitter gamma amino butyric acid (GABA).

PO224

Aim: Aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of amphetamine and benzodiazepines in urine samples collected at Manipal poison detection centre (MPDC).

Association of glycemic control among diabetics with risk of developing dyslipidemia as a marker of cardiovascular complications.

Materials and Method: ,Q WKLV UHWURVSHFWLYH VWXG\ WKH VDPSOHV analysed in MPDC from September 2015 to September 2016 were considered. During the period total of 50 samples were related to abusive drugs. The data was collected from the records and reports available in the MPDC. The data was tabulated assessed and analysed statistically.

Upreti B , Sherpa ML, Khandelwal B Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Tadong, Gangtok, East Sikkim

Result: 22 urine samples were tested for amphetamine, out of which 2 were tested positive and 28 samples were tested for benzodiazepines out of which 4 were tested positive. Discussion: ,QRXUVWXG\RQO\RISHRSOHFRQVXPHGDPSKHWDPLQH and 14% have consumed benzodiazepine. Thus consumption of abusive drugs is comparatively low in this part when equated to a study conducted in Sweden in 2003 where amphetamine and benzodiazepine were implicated in 39% of suicides using these drugs.

Results: Diazinon resulted in decline in ach-esterase activity, albumin, total protein and rise in AST, ALT, ALP, total cholesterol and TGs. Conclusion: Sublethal multiple doses of diazinon results in hepatic injury.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus which has a high mortality. Up to 30% of diabetic patients with myocardial ischemia remain asymptomatic and are associated with worse prognosis compared to non-diabetics, which makes the screening of cardiovascular GLVHDVH LQ GLDEHWLFV PRUH LPSRUWDQW /LSLG SUR¿OH HVSHFLDOO\ KDV been repeatedly used to assess the cardiovascular risk and HbA1c is a marker of glycemic control. Good glycemic control is inversely proportional to Cardiovascular risk.

123

Ind J Clin Biochem

Aim: The aim of this study was to correlate the glycemic status with dyslipidemia as a marker of Cardiovascular risk among patients visiting Central Referral Hospital, Gangtok. Method: 100 diabetic patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus were FDWHJRUL]HG DV WKRVH KDYLQJ JRRG FRQWURO +E$F DQG WKRVH ZLWKRXW DV! '\VOLSLGHPLD ZDV FODVVL¿HG DV WKRVH KDYLQJ QRUPDODQGKLJK/'/DQGWRWDOFKROHVWHURODFFRUGLQJWRWKH$73,,, guidelines. RR was used to measure the association between glycemic control and dyslipedemia as a risk of Cardiovascular disease risk among the diabetic patients. Result and Conclusion: There was a positive relationship between glycemic control (HbA1c) and dyslipidemia. Those with poor glycemic control are 1.14 times more likely to have high total Cholesterol and 1.33 times more likely to have high LDL.

PO225 Effect of low level laser therapy on serum Neuron 6SHFL¿F (QRODVH NSE) in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy – a pilot study Saleena Ummer Va, Anju Ma, Arun G Maiyab a Department of Medical Lab Technology, bDepartment of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal,University Introduction: ,QGLD KDV WKH VHFRQG ODUJHVW QXPEHU0LOOLRQ of adults living with diabetes worldwide. Diabetic peripheral 1HXURSDWK\'31 LV WKH KLJKHVW PLFURYDVFXODU FRPSOLFDWLRQV LQ diabetics (upto 85%) and leads to foot ulceration and amputations (80%). Current therapies are mainly for pain relief, and often associated with systemic side effects with no reduction in neuropathy. Low level laser therapy(LLLT) is emerging as more promising electrotherapy. Hence the aim of this study was to assess the changes LQ QHXURSDWKLF SDLQ VSHFL¿F PDUNHU 16( DIWHU ///7 WR NQRZ LWV effect in reducing neuropathy. Methodology: A pre post test was done in 10 patients diagnosed ZLWK '31 $OO WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH WUHDWHG ZLWK ///7 RQ ERWK plantar and dorsal aspect of foot for 9 min with 3.7J/cm2 for 10 days DIWHUFRQ¿UPLQJ'31XVLQJPRQR¿ODPHQWDQGYLEUDWLRQSHUFHSWLRQ threshold (VPT) using biothesiometer. Random blood Sample was collected on 0th day, 10th day and after 4 weeks from each patient. 6HUXP16(ZDVHVWLPDWHGE\(/,6$LQDOOWKHVDPSOHV Result:7KHUHZDVDVLJQL¿FDQWGHFUHDVHLQVHUXP16(OHYHOVDIWHU 4 weeks (8.1ng/ml), when compared to controls. But there was DQ LQFUHDVH LQ 16( OHYHOV IURP EDVHOLQH LQ WKH WK GD\ VDPSOHV collected immediately after 10 days of LLLT. Conclusion:7KHGHFUHDVHLQWKHVHUXP16(OHYHOVDIWHUZHHNVZDV directly associated with the good progress of the patients after the ///7 )XUWKHU VWXG\ ZLWK PRUH SDWLHQWV PD\ UHYHDO WKH VLJQL¿FDQW UROHRI16(LQXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHPHFKDQLVPRIORZOHYHOODVHUDFWLRQ and thus better management of the patient.

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PO226 Cardiac troponin - I : quantitative vs qualitative study Suresh Mangaiah1*, E. D. Arul2, T. Gnanavel1, D. Shankar1, Mitra Ghosh1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry,Apollo Speciality HospitalsOMR, Chennai.

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URSRQLQ, ELQGV WR DFWLQ LQ WKLQ P\R¿ODPHQWV WR KROG WKH troponin-tropomyosin complex in place. Smooth muscle does not have troponin. There are various different biomarkers among which troponins are considered to be the best. (O’Gara, et al., 2013 & McMahon G et.al., 2011). Tropononin-T(Trop-T) DQG 7URSRQRQLQ,7URS, ZKLFK DUH UHOHDVHG ZLWKLQ ± KRXUV RI Myocardial infarction, remain elevated for up to 2 weeks. Abbott $UFKLWHFW67$7 7URSRQLQ , :LWKLQ +UV DIWHU WKH RQVHW RI chest pain and reaches peak conc. Between 8-28 hrs and remains HOHYDWHG IRU GD\V IROORZLQJ 0, 5HI 5DQJH ! QJP/ ± 326,7,9( 67$7+LJK6HQVLWLYH7URSRQLQ,:LWKLQ+UVDIWHU the onset of chest pain and reaches peak conc. 8-28 hrs and remains HOHYDWHG IRU GD\V IROORZLQJ 0, 5HI 5DQJH 0DOH!SJ P/±326,7,9( )HPDOH!SJP/±326,7,9( FRPSDUHG 9V 7URSRQLQ, 4XDOLWDWLYH FDUG PHWKRG WR UXOH RXW IDOVH QHJDWLYH results. We compared 40 symptomatic patient’s samples with both Quantitative and Qualitative methods and found very less sensitivity in qualitative-card method. To minimize errors and unnecessary treatment it would be ideal to use quantitative method instead of qualitative method.

32 (IIHFWRIGXUDWLRQRIGLDEHWHVPHOOLWXVLQVHUXPIDWW\ DFLGVDQGLQÁDPPDWRU\PDUNHUV 8OODO +DUVKLQL 'HYL 6KLOSD 6 6KHWW\ 6XFKHWKD .XPDUL 0DKHVK%HNDO &HQWUDO5HVHDUFK/DERUDWRU\ 'HSWRI%LRFKHPLVWU\.6+(0$ 'HSWRI%LRFKHPLVWU\.DQDFKXU,QVWWRI0HGLFDO6FLHQFHV ,QWURGXFWLRQ ,QÁDPPDWRU\ PHFKDQLVPV SOD\ D NH\ UROH LQ WKH SDWKRJHQHVLVRIGLDEHWHVPHOOLWXV,QGLYLGXDOVZKRSURJUHVVWRW\SH GLDEHWHVGLVSOD\IHDWXUHVRIORZJUDGHLQÁDPPDWLRQEHIRUHWKHRQVHW RIGLDEHWHV7KLVORZJUDGHLQÁDPPDWLRQKDVEHHQVXJJHVWHGDVEHLQJ LQYROYHG LQ WKH SDWKRJHQHWLF SURFHVVHV WKDW FDXVH W\SH GLDEHWHV 7\SH GLDEHWHV PHOOLWXV LV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK FKURQLF ORZ JUDGH LQÁDPPDWLRQ SRVVLEO\ WKURXJK D SDWKZD\ LQYROYLQJ D F\WRNLQH PHGLDWHGDFXWHSKDVHUHVSRQVHWRLQIHFWLRQDQGRWKHULQÁDPPDWRU\ SURFHVVHV 2EMHFWLYH7KLVVWXG\LVGHVLJQHGWRDQDO\VHWKHORQJWHUPHIIHFWVRU FRPSOLFDWLRQVRI'0RQVHUXPIDWW\DFLGVDQGLQÁDPDWRU\PDUNHUV

Ind J Clin Biochem

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Abstracts of 43rd National Conference of Association of Clinical Biochemists of India (ACBICON 2016)

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