tRbstrocts EDITOR: S. KORITALA • ABSTRACTORS: J.C. Harris, M.G. Kokatnur, F.A. Kummerow, G. List, B. Matijasevi¢, K.D. Mukherjee, D.B.S. Min, R.A. Reiners, and P.Y. Vigneron margarine was observed a f t e r 7 days of storage following t h e c o l o r modification and a f t e r 21 d a y s , following the appearance of an aftertaste and of a s t r a n g e odor. ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s G r a s )

• F a t s and Oils HYDROGENATION

O F T H E C O T T O N S E E D OIL O N ACTIVATED STACATALYST. A. A b d o u r a k h i m o v et al. Maslo1978(11), 26-7. (Rev. Fr. C o r p s G r a s )

TIONARY NICKEL

zhir. Promst. PROCESS

OF PURIFYING VEGETABLE OILS AND WAXES~ PHOSA N D O T H E R C O M P O N E N T S WITH A HIGH M E L T I N G Maslo-zhir. P r o m ~ l . 1978(10), 4 2 - 3 . ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s

PHATIDES,

POINT. Gras)

SEPARATION OF FATTY ACIDS FROM COTTONSEED OIL SOAPSTOCKS. A. K h . Nabiev et al. Maslo-zhir. P r o m s t . 1978(10), 2 7 - 8 . ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s Gras) REFINING OF THE PALM OIL. A.A. S c h m i d t et al. P r o m s t . 1978(10), 1 8 - 2 1 . ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s G r a s )

Maslo-zhir.

GLYCERIDIC COMPOSITION OF SUNFLOWER OILS WITH AN UNEQUAL CONTENT OF LINOLEIC AND OLEIC ACIDS. L.N. K h a r t chenko et al. Maslo-zhir. P r o m s t . 1978(10), 1 3 - 1 4 . ( R e v . Fr. Corps G r a s ) INSTALLATION FOR HYDRATION OF OILSEEDS. ~.V. Zarembo et al. Maslo-zhir. P r o m s t . 1978(9), 40. ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s Gras) U N S A T U R A T E D A L C O H O L S F R O M C O T T O N S E E D OIL SOAPSTOCK. R.A.

Gorbatcheva et al. Fr. C o r p s Gras)

Maslo-zhir.

Pro,rest. 1978(9), 1 8 - 2 0 . ( R e v .

O F T H E DIELECTRIC CtIARACTERISTICS O F S O Y B E A N OIL. A.N. T o u r n a n o v ct al. Maslo-zhir. P r o m s L 1978(9), 1 0 - 1 1 . (Rev. F t . Corps G r a s ) STUDY

~ETHOD OF SEPARATION BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE N.S. I{riviteh. Maslo-zhir. P r o m s t . 1979(3), 4 4 - 5 . ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s G r a s )

P E N T A E R Y T H R I T O L ESTERS.

I N F L U E N C E O F T H E T R E A T M E N T OF C O T T O N S E E D OIL S O A P S T O C K O N NON-LIPIDIC M A T T E R S O F R A W A N D DISTILLED F A T T Y ACIDS.

R.L. Malinekevltch et al. ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s Gras)

Maslo-zhir.

Pro~nst.

1979(3), 2 5 - 7 .

PRIMARY PURIFYING OF SUNFLOWER 0IL OBTAINED BY PRESSING O N A FILTER M O D E R N I Z E D WITII A DISC A N D W I T H A C E N T R I F U G A L

DISCHARGE OF THE DEPOSIT. V.R. Zherebiatev et al. P r o m s t . 1979(3), 2 1 - 3 . ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s G r a s )

Maslo-zhir.

UTILIZATION OF I'NSATURATED FATTY ACIDS FROM COTTONSEED OIL SOAPSTOCK FOR THE FNRICHMENT OF ORES BY FLOTATION. N.M. Kazakova ct al. Maslo-zhir. P r o m s t . 1979(2), 3 6 - 7 . ( R e v . Ft. C o r p s G r a s ) ~ N F L U E N C E O F T H E TEI%IPERATI,-RE O P H Y D R O T H E R M A L T R E A T M E N T

ON TtIE TIIERMOPIIYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COTTONSFED MEAL. P.M. Eaehidov et al. Maslo-zhir. P r o m s t . 1979(2), 13. ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s G r a s ) OF S Y N T H E T I C M O N O OXYSTEARIC ACIDS. E.N. P a v l i k o v a et al. Maslo-zhir. P r o m s t . 1979(1), 2 0 - 1 . ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s Gr,~s) DETERMINATION

OF

THE

COMPOSITION

STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF PtIOSPHATIDE C O N C E N T R A T E OF SUNFLOWER OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT TECtINOLOGICAL SCHEMES. S.N. Volotovskaya et nl. T r o u d y V h r l I Z h a 33, 13-19 (]977). It was established that the samples of sunflower phosphatide concentrates obtained b y the m e t h o d of hydration followed b y film drying i n vacumn were of a superior q u a l i t y compared w i t h concentrate obtained following the s c h e m e w i t h separation o n the plateau decanters. ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s Gras) V A R I A T I O N O F Q U A L I T Y OF M A R G A R I N E D U R I N G

STORAGE.

L.A.

Galoun ct al. P i s h c h . T e k h n o l . 1978(5), 4 4 - 6 . During storage of E R A margarine and of milk t a b l e margarine at a temperature of 5 t o 7C for 65 d a y s , the w a t e r content decreased significantly. T h e o x i d a t i o n and h y d r o l y s i s of l i p i d s occur slowly. T h e deterioration of the q u a l i t y of superficial, layer o f J. AM. OIL CHEMISTS' SOC., November 1979 (VOL. 56)

COMPI.le.YES OF PHOSPI~OLIPIDS OF SUNFLOWER OIL WITH METALS. E.P. K o r n e n a et al. M a s l o - z h i r . . P r o m s t . 1 9 7 8 ( 5 ) , 1 2 - 1 3 . T h e particular groups of nonhydratable p h o s p h o l i p l d s show a select i v i t y for interaction w i t h m e t a l s : the phosphatidylinositols form complexes w i t h all the s t u d i e d m e t a l s ; the p h o s p h a t i d y l serines, the p o l y p h o s p h a t i d i e and p h o s p h a t l d l e acids form complexes w i t h the bivalent m e t a l s , w h i l e the p h o s p h a t i d y l ethanolamines form complexes only w i t h the monovalent m e t a l s . ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s G r a s ) MODIFICATION OF LIPIDS OF THE SUPERFICIAL LAYER O!~ MARGARINE DURING STORAGe. V.P. Dediukhina et al. F o p r . l ~ i t a n i y a 1978(3), 6 9 - 7 2 . During the storage of the Era and Stolovey milk-margarine ( t a b l e margarine) at a temperature of 5 7C during the guaranted period (45 days), the o x i d a t i o n process of the l l p i d s of the superficial layer was n o t observed. T h e b e g i n n i n g of t h i s process was observed during a storage of 65 d a y s . ( R e v . Fr. Corpa Gras) KINETIC STUDY OF THE OXIDATION OF REFINED SUNFLOWER OILS STORED

UNDER

COMMERCIAL

CONDITIONS

IN

BULGARIA.

G.

S h u n a n o v et aI. M a s l o - s a p u n e n a . P r o m s t . 1978(1), 2 2 - 3 2 . The sunflower oils were stored i n 1 liter dark b o t t l e s , i n a closed room (4-10C), or under canvas covers, i n free air. A f t e r 105 days of storage i n a closed room and 120 days u n d e r canvas covers, the oils appear degraded and the o x i d a t i o n increased. Refined sunflower oils, enriched i n v i t a m i n E and stabilized u n d e r n i t r o g e n , then stored i n b o t t l e s , showed good o r g a n o l e p t i c qualities for a longer period of time; the oxidative changes are m i n i m a l . ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s G r a s ) SUBSTITUTION OF SOYBEAN MEAL BY SUNFLOWER MEAL IN CHICKEN FODDER. S. Sandev et al. Maslo-sapunena. P r o m s t . 1977(4), 4 6 7 - 7 3 . Chickens were fed mixtures of corn, soybean, sunflower, and fish m e a l . In t h e s e c o m b i n a t i o n s , a part of the soybean was replaced b y sunflower meal and b y corn. In t h i s way, the content of proteins i n the mixture was decreased, b u t t h i s e f f e c t was compensated b y the a d d i t i o n of s y n t h e t i c lysine. T h e results were positive. There remains, however, the d i m i n i s h i n g of the fiber content of the sunflower meal b e f o r e i t can replace soybean meal completely. ( R e v . F t . C o r p s G r a s ) ELIMINATION BY ADSORPTIOh" OF PHOSPHORIC ACID FROM OILS AND SEEDS. S.N. Volotovskaya et al. T r o u d y V N I I Z h a 33, I28-33 (1977). T h e e l i m i n a t i o n of excess p h o s p h o r i c acid b y adsorbents from the w a t e r and oil phases i s done i n a different way. In the water m e d i u m (polar), the reaction of neutralization is p r e d o m i n a n t , w h i l e i n the oil m e d i u m , a process of s o r p t i o n is present. T h e alkaline activated carbon and the activated bleaching earths are convenient for the e l i m i n a t i o n of excess acid. ( R e v . Fr. C o r p s G r a s ) INFLUENCE OF TECIINOLOGY AND REFINING OF SUNFLOWER OILS ON THE MATERIALS ACCOMPANYING THE GLYCERIDES. T.B. Morozova et al. T r o i ~ l y V t C l I Z h a 33, 24-30 (1977). In the ~ils obtained by d o u b l e or t r i p l e p r e s s i n g , the content of tocopherols, sterols, and carotenes was unchanged, w h i l e the content of xanthophylls, chlorophylls, and pheophytines increased w i t h the degree of p r e s s i n g . T h e tocopherol content of oils obtained b y pre-prcssiv.g---extraction is about 1.5 times higher than in corresponding oils obtained only b y prep r e s s i n g . Deodorization at temperatures above 200C and at 1 2 m m H g caused a significant decrease of tocopherol. ( R e v . F t . C o r p s Gras) MODIFICATION OF THE DITTMER-LEsTER REAGENT FOR THE DETECTION O F PHOSPIIOLIPID DERIVATIVES O N T H I N - L A Y E R C H R O M A T O G R A M S . E.K. R y u a n d M . M a e C o s s (Div. of Biol. a n d M e d . Res., A r g o n n e Nat. Lab., Argonne, I L ) J. Lipid Res. 20,

561-3 (1979). A s i m p l e modification of the Dittmer-Lester rcsgent is described that allows the detection of p h o s p h o l i p i d derivatives at very low concentrations on silica gel and reversed-

869A

ABSTRACTS: FATS AND OILS p h a s e thin-layer p l a t e s . This modification, which involves t h e a d d i t i o n of acetic acid t o the mixture, p e r m i t s the observation of s h a r p blue s p o t s on a w h i t e background. T h e specificity and s e n s i t i v i t y of the spray are discussed. THE PHASE BEHAVIOR OF HYDRATED CHOLESTEROL. C.R. L o o m i s , G.G. S h i p l e y and D.M. S m a l l ( B i o p h y s . D i v . , D e p t . of M e d . , B o s t o n U n i v . Schl. of M e d . , Boston, MA) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 525-35 (1979). The t h e r m o t r o p i e p h a s e behavior of cholesterol m o n o h y d r a t e i n w a t e r was investigated b y differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing l i g h t microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. In contrast to anhydrous cholesterol which undergoes a polym o r p h i c crystalline t r a n s i t i o n at 39°C and a crystalline to l i q u i d t r a n s i t i o n at 151°C, the closed system of cholesterol m o n o h y d r a t c and w a t e r exhibited three reversible e n d o t h e r m i c t r a n s i t i o n s at 86, 123, and 157°C. T h e observation of a s m e c t i c l i q u i d crystalline p h a s e for hydrated cholesterol correlates w i t h i t s h i g h surface a c t i v i t y and helps t o explain i t s a b i l i t y t o e x i s t i n h i g h concentrations i n biological membranes. THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE ELECTRIC ORGAN OF TIIE RAY, TORPEDO MARMORATA, WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO SULI~ATIDES AND NA*-K*-ATPASE. G.C. H a n s s o n , E. t t e i l b r o n n , K.-A. Karlsson and B.E. S a m m u e l s s o n (Dept. of Med. Biochem., U n i v . of Goteborg, Goteborg, Sweden) J. L i p i d Res. 20, 50918 (1979). T h e ] i p i d s from the electric organ of the ray, Torpedo marmorata, have been isolated and characterized. T h e m a j o r l i p i d s were cholesterol, choline phospholipids, e t h a n o l amine phospholipids, and sphingomyelins. The m a j o r f a t t y acids of ethanolamine phospholipids were 1 8 : 1 , 1 8 : 0 , 2 2 : 6 , and 2 0 : 4 . T h e ratio of the a c t i v i t y of N~a*-K'-dependent A T P a s e (EC 3.6.1.3) and the concentration of sulfatides was s i m i l a r t o ratios f o u n d for other tissues w i t h normal and increased Na* and K÷ transporting capacity. The significance of t h i s finding is discussed. LIPID COMPOSITION OF HUMAN NEURAL TUMORS. A.J. Yates, D.K. Thompson, C.P. B o e s e l , C. A l b r i g h t s o n and R.W. I I a r t (Dept. of P a t h . , Ohio S t a t e U n i v . , Columbus, OH) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 428-36 (1979). Gangliosides, cholesterol and phosp h o l i p i d s were quantitated i n the tissues of 11 human neural t u m o r s and the cells of t w o gliomas cultured i n v i t r o . All t u m o r tissues contained higher w a t e r concentrations b u t lower total l i p i d concentrations than either human grey or w h i t e matter. In general they contained less cholesterol, s p h i n g o m y e l i n , and serine glycerophospholipid b u t more choline glycerophospholipid than w h i t e matter. There were significant a m o u n t s of choline and ethanolamine plasmalogens i n b o t h cultures and p a r e n t tissues. T h e ganglioside patterns of b o t h cultures were complex b u t they contained a greater proportion of structurally s i m p l e r gangliosides than t h e i r parent tissues. PROTOI~I MAGNETIC RESONANCE IDENTI1~ICATION AND DISCRIMINATION OF STEREOISOMERS OF C~ STEROIDS USING LANTHANIDE SIIIPT REAGENTS. T. Iida, M. K i k u e h i , T. Tamura, and T. M a t s u m o t o (Dept. of Industrial Chem., F a c u l t y of Engineering, N i h o n U n i v . , Koriyama-shi, F u k u s h i m a . k e n , J a p a n ) J . L i p i d Res. 2 0 , 279-84 (1979). A s i m p l e proton m a g n e t i c resonance spectroscopic m e t h o d i s described for the identification and confirmation of several stereoisomcrie pairs of C~ s t a n o l s as well as t h e i r keto and acetate derivatives related t o cholesterol. T h e m e t h o d , which involves the u s e of lanthanide s h i f t reagents, is useful i n d i s t i n g u i s h i n g clearly between the i s o m e r i c p a i r s differing only in the geometry of a functional group a n d / o r of the A/B-rlng j u n c t i o n in the steroid s k e l e t o n . SYNTHESIS OF ALL-CIS-1,3-DIACYLCYCLOPENTANE- 1,2,3-TRIOL-2PHOSPHATE VIA ACYL GROUP MIGRATIOB]" IN A CYCLIC DIGLYCERIDE ANALOG. A . J . Hancock and M.D. Lister (Dept. of Chem., U n i v . of M i s s o u r i , K a n s a s C i t y , MO) J. L i p i d Res. 20, 2 7 1 - 4 . The acid-catalyzed isomerization o f the dlglyceride analog (1,2,3/0)-l,2-dipalmitoylcyclopentane-l,2,3-triol has been used t o generate syn.syn-l,3-diacylcyclopentane-l,2,3-triol, a required i n t e r m e d i a t e i n the s y n t h e s i s of a symmetrical all-cis-l,2,3/O2 P eyclopentanoid p h o s p h a t i d i c acid analog. T h e all-cis cyclop h o s p h a t i d i c acid analog has therefore been obtained i n the free acid form and as the d i p h e n y l ester, and d i p o t a s s i u m s a l t derivatives. INTERACTIONS

OF C H O L E S T E R O L E S T E R S

WITH

PHOSPHOLIPIDS:

CHOLESTERYL MYRISTATE AND DIMYRISTOYL LECITHIN. M . J . J a n i a k , D.M. S m a l l and G.G. S h i p l e y ( B i o p h y s . D i v . , D e p t s . of Med. and Biochem., B o s t o n U n i v . S c h l . of M e d . , B o s t o n , MA) J . L~pid ~es. 2 0 , 183-99 (1979). The ternary p h a s e diagram of cholesteryl m y r i s t a t e - d i m y r i s t o y l lecithin-water has

870A

been determined by polarizing l i g h t microscopy, seannilfg calorimetry, and x-ray diffraction. C o m p a r i s o n w i t h other phospholipid-cholesterol ester-water p h a s e diagrams s u g g e s t the following general principles: i ) the incorporation of cholesterol ester occurs only into l i q u i d crystalline p h o s p h o l i p i d bilayers, i t ) the extent of incorporation i s temperature-dependent, with increasing a m o u n t s of cholesterol ester being incorporated at higher temperatures, and i i i ) unsaturated cholesterol esters induce increased disordering of the p h o s p h o l i p i d bilayers. FATTY ACIDS, PART 54. SOME REACTIONS OF LONG-CHAIN OXYGENATI~]D ACIDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE FURNISI~ING FrRANOID ACIDS. F.D. Gunstone and R.C. Wijesundera (Dept. of Chem., The P u r d i e Build., T h e U n i v . of St. Andrews, S c o t l a n d KY16 9ST, U K ) Chem. P h y s . L i p i d s 24, 193-208 (1979). C~ furanoid acids are prepared from natural oxygenated acids b y p a l l a d i u m (II)-catalysed cyclodehydrogenat i o n , b y rearrangement of epoxides with iodopropane-sodium iodlde-demethylsulphoxide, and b y dehydration of endoperoxides. Some reactions give m i x e d products b u t routes t o the individual 10,13-, 9,12-, and 8,11-furans are reported. T h e endoperoxide r o u t e leads t o speculation about the biosynthesis of natural furanoid a c i d s . STUDIES IN MEMBRANE PROCES~ES X : A DEUTERIUM MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OF DIPALMITOYL LECITHIN AND PALMITIC ACiD GUESTS IN MAGNETICALLY-ORIENTED HEXADECYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE LIQUID CRYSTALLINE SYSTEM. B.J. Forrest and L.W. Reeves (Dept. of Chem., U n i v . of W a t e r l o o , Waterloo, O n t a r i o , Canada) Chem. Phys. L i p i d s 24, 183-92 (1979). The membrane phospholipid, d i p a l m i t o y l lecithin, deuterium labelled in i t s f a t t y acyl c h a i n s , and p a l m i t i c acid-d~ have been incorporated into the s a m e bilayer model membrane, a l y o t r o p i e l i q u i d crystalline hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide m e s o p h a s e which spontaneously orients i n an applied m a g n e t i c field. T h e o r d e r parameter profiles for the l e c i t h i n and p a l m i t i c acid, and that of the h o s t detergent are q u i t e different i n d i c a t i n g that the ordering of the incorporated l i p i d s is n o t dictated b y surrounding detergent molecules, b u t rather the o r d e r i m p o s e d is a function of the nature of chemical anchoring of the h y d r o p h i l i c headgroups of individual molecules at the bilayer interface.

TIIE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CHOLESTERYL OCTANOATE.

B.M. Craven and N.G. Ouerina (Dept. of C r y s t a l l o g r a p h y , U n i v . of P i t t s b u r g h , P i t t s b u r g h , PA) Chem. Phys. L i p i d s 24, 157-66 (1979). C r y s t a l s of cholesteryl octanoate (C.~l~I,,O2) are monoclinic, space group P2~, w i t h a = 1 2 . 8 0 ( 3 ) , b = 9 . 2 6 ( 2 ) , e = 14.12(3).~, ~--93.81(3) ° and 2 molecules per u n i t cell. The molecules are arranged in monolayers w i t h t h e i r l o n g axes antiparallel and severely t i l t e d (28°). There is a close packing of eholesteryls w i t h i n the monolayers, b u t the octanoate chains which form the layer interface regions are conformationally and thermally disordered. The crystal structure is q u i t e diff e r e n t from that of cholestery] nonanoate, as expected from the d i s c o n t i n u i t y in t h e r m o d y n a m i c properties and p h a s e behaviour which occurs at this p o i n t i n the homologous series.

THE SYNT]TESIS OF A PERDEUTERATED PHOgPHOLIPIDS 1,~DIMYRISTOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE-DT.~. P.B. Kingsley and G.W. Feigenson (See. of Biochem., Molecular and Cell Biol., Clark H a l l , C o r n e l l U n i v . , Ithaca, I~Y) Chem. Phys. L i p i d s 24, ]35-147 (1979). The s y n t h e s i s o f a perdeuterated phospholipid--l,2-dimyrlstoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholin ed~--is described. Ordinary (protonated) D M P C was prepared b y the s a m e s y n t h e t i c r o u t e and i t s properties were found t o be the s a m e as t h o s e of commercial D M P C . T h e uses of partially deuterated and perdeuterated p h o s p h o l i p i d s in N M R studies are discussed. MOLECULAR

A R R A N G E M E N T S IN" S P H I N G O L I P I D S .

THERMOTROPIC

PHASE BEHAVIOUR OF TETRACOSANOYLPHYTOSPHINGOSINE. B'. Dahlen and I. Pascher (Dept. of Structural Chem., I n s t . of Med. Biochem., U n i v . of Goteborg, S-460 33 Goteborg, S - 4 0 0 33 Goteborg, Sweden) Chem. P h y s . L i p / d s 24, 119-33 (1979). T h e p h a s e behaviour of a ceramide species containing C~p h y t o s p h i n g o s i n e and C2,-fatty acid was s t u d i e d b y X - r a y diffraction m e t h o d s , i n order t o elucidate the packing principles of l i p i d s w i t h unequally long hydrocarbon c h a i n s . Six solid phases were observed. Only one case was observed, in which the molecules pack w i t h t h e i r two chains parallelly stacked i n a d o u b l e layer arrangement in which the long f a t t y acid t a i l s deeply i n t e r d i g i t a t e between the t w o o p p o s i t e layer h a l v e s . In a natural membrane containing different lipids, however, l o n g f a t t y acid t a i l s probably arrange randomly and c o n t r i b u t e J. AM. OIL CHEMISTS' SOC., November 1979 (VOL. 56)

ABSTRACTS: BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION

t o the formation of a l i q u i d hydrocarbon zone i n the center of the bilayer. SYNTIIESIS OF SPECIFICALLY DEUTERATED SATURATED AND UNSATURATED PHOSPHATIDYLSERINES. J . B r o w n i n g and J . S e e l i g (Dept. of Biophys. Chem., Biocentre of the U n i v . of B a s e l , Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 B a s e l , Switzerland) Chem. Phys. L i p i d s 24, 103-18 (1979). A facile chemical s y n t h e s i s of 1,2-dioleoyl and 1,2-dimyristoyI-sn-glyeero-3-phospho-L-serine as well as the s y n t h e s i s o f several deuterated derivatives of phosphatidylserine (2 and 3 p o s i t i o n s of serine and in the 3-glycerol p o s i t i o n ) are described. 360 MHz 1H N M R spectra of phosphatidylserine and the optical a c t i v i t y of various phosphatidylserine diastereomers were measured. PHOSPHOLIPID LATERAL PHASE SEPARATION AND THE PARTITION OF CIS-PARINARIC ACID A N D TRANS'PARINARIC ACID AMONG AQUEOUS, SOLID LIPID, A N D F L U I D LIPID PHASES. L.A. Sklar, G.P. Miljanieh, a n d E.A. D r a t z (Div. of N a t u r a l Sci., U n i v . of California at S a n t a Cruz, S a n t a Cruz, C A ) Bioelwmistry 18, 1 7 0 7 - 1 6 (1979). T h e partition o f c/s-parinarie acid (9,11, 13,15-cis, trans,trans,eis-octadecatetraenoic acid, eis-PnA) a n d trans-parinaric acid (9,11,13,15-all-trans-octadeeatetraenolc acids, trans.PnA) a m o n g aqueous, solid lipid, a n d fluid lipid phases has been m e a s u r e d b y three spectroscopic parameters: absorption spectral shifts, fluorescence q u a n t u m yield, a n d fluorescence polarization. T h e solid lipid w a s dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ( D P P C ) ; the fluid lipid w a s palmitoyldocosahexaenoylphosphatidylcholine ( P D P C ) . It is concluded that measurements of P n A fluorescence polarization vs. temperature are better suited than measurements of q u a n t u m yield vs. temperature for determining phospholipid p h a s e separation. ISOLATION A N D S T R U C T U R E O F DIOLYCOSYSTEROLS A N D TRIGLYCOSYLSTEROLS IN RICE B R A N . ~r. F u j i n o a n d M . Ohnishi (Dept. of Agr. Chem., Obihiro ~Tnlv., Obihiro, Hakkaido, J a p a n ) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 574, 9 4 - 1 0 2 (1979). N o v e l oligoglycosy]sterols, a series of sterylglycosides, were detected in the glycolipids of rice bran, a n d di- a n d triglycosylsterols were isolated a n d their structures were investigated. T h e principal sterol components were sitosterol, campesterol a n d stlgmasterol; glucose w a s the only c o m p o n e n t sugar. T h e m a j o r species of diglycosylsterols a n d triglyeosylsterol were characterized as D glueopyranosyl- (ill -~ 4)-D-glucopyranosyl- (ill --~ 3")-sitosterol, i.e. cellobiosylsltosterol, a n d D-glucopyranosyl-(fll --~ 4 ) - D glucopyranosyl- (ill --* 4) -D-glucopyranosyl- (ill --* 3') -sitosterol, i.e. cellotrisylsitosterol, respectively. EVALUATION OP SOME EGYPTIAN SWEET MELON SEED OILS. S.13. E l - M a g o l i , M.M. Morad and A.A. El-Fara, F e t t e , Seifen, An~triehm. 81, 201 (1979). T h e physico-chemical properties of t w o k i n d s of Egyptian sweet m e l o n seed oils ( K i n g B a h t i m and M a l t y B a h t i m ) were i n v e s t i g a t e d . The a m o u n t of oil extracted from K i n g R a h t i m reached 34% w h i l e i n the other k i n d t h i s percentage reached 36%. T h e oil extracted has h i g h acid and i o d i n e values i n b o t h k i n d s i n comparison w i t h c o t t o n seed oil. F a t t y acid composition b y G L C for the two k i n d s revealed the presence of linolenic, linoleie, oleic, stearic, p a l m i t i e and m y r i s t i c acid i n different p r o p o r t i o n s . The variety of the seeds influences t o a g r e a t extent the a m o u n t of saturated and unsaturated f a t t y a c i d s . O i l s t a b i l i t y inv e s t i g a t i o n s i n a Warburg apparatus indicated that K i n g B a h t i m variety reached the m a x i m u m absorption of oxygen a f t e r 17 d a y s , w h i l e M a l t y B a h t i m variety needs 20 days t o r e a c h the s a m e m a x i m u m a b s o r p t i o n . On the other hand chemical analysis of the residual meal indicated the proba b i l i t y of its usage i n animal feed as i t contains a h i g h a m o u n t of protein and fibers. T h e residual meal can be considered also as a good source for b o t h phosphorus and potassium.

• B i o c h e m i s t r y and N u t r i t i o n LEUCINE AS AN IN VITRO PRECURSOR TO LIPIDS IN RAT SCIATIC NERVE. L.~V. Stillway, D.A. ~Veigand and M.G. Buse, (Dept. of B i o c h e m . and Med. Mcd. U n i v . of S o u t h Carolina, Charleston, S o u t h Carolina 29403) L i p i d s 14, 127-31 (1979). T h e i n v i t r o incorporation of leucine, isoleucine and p y r u v a t e i n t o l i p i d s was compared and the possibility that leucine m i g h t serve as an in situ precursor t o the corresponding iso f a t t y acids in the rat s c i a t i c nerve was s t u d i e d . The relative incorporation of t*C from leucine i n t o l i p i d s vs. n o n l i p i d s was 20%, and the incorporation of label i n t o total l i p i d s from ]eucine was one-half that from pyruvate. T h e incorporation J. AM. OIL CHEMISTS' SOC., November 1979 (VOL. 56)

of label from leueine and p y r u v a t e i n t o sterols was nearly equivalent, b u t the incorporation of label i n t o a l l other l i p i d classes from leueine was less than that from pyruvate, and the incorporation of label from isoleuelne i n t o l i p i d s was much less i n a l l cases. No detectable label from leucine was incorporated into branched chain f a t t y a c i d s . It i s concluded that leueine may be a substantial in v i t r o precursor t o a l l m a j o r l i p i d s i n peripheral nerve, especially sterols. The possibility and significance of a leucine catabolic pathway i n the e y t o s o l in relation t o a v a i l a b i l i t y of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA for sterol b i o s y n t h e s i s is discussed. EFFECTS OF OXANDROLONE ON PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE IIA, IIB AND IV HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA: O C C U R R E N C E OF HYPO-HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINEMIA. T. T a m a i , T. Nakai, S. Yamada, T. Kobayashi, T. Hayashi, Y. K u t s u m i and R. Takeda, ( T h e Second D e p t . of Internal M e d . , Seh]. of M e d . , K a n a z a w a U n i v . , 1 3 - 1 , Takaramaehi, K a n a z a w a C i t y , J a p a n 920) A r t e r y 5, 125-43 (1979). T h e effects of oxandrolone o n p l a s m a l i p i d s and l i p o p r o t e i n composition in patients with type IIa, IIb and IV h y p e r l i p o p r o t e i n e m i a were i n v e s t i g a t e d . Oxandrolone (4 rag/day, for 28 days) induced a significant reduction i n p l a s m a and VLDL triglyeeride. Reciprocal elevation of LDL cholesterol was observed i n 8 of l 0 type IV patients and in 2 of 5 type IIb p a t i e n t s . E F F E C T OF M A R I N E OIL A N D R A P E S E E D OIl, O N COMPOSITION O F FATTY ACIDS IN LIPOPROTEIN TRIACYLGLYCEROLS FROM RAT BLOOD PLASMA AND LIVER PERFUSATE. M.S. T h o m a s s e n , E. S t r o m , E.N. C h r i s t i a n s e n and K.R. N o r u m , ( I n s t . for Nutr. R e s . , U n i v . of Oslo, B l i n d e r n , Oslo 3, Norway) L i p i d s 14, 58-65 (1979). T h e f a t t y acid patterns of triaeylglycerols ( T G ) from very low d e n s i t y ]ipoprotein ( V L D L ) i n b l o o d p l a s m a and liver-perfusate from rats fed partially hydrogenated marine oil or rapeseed oil were determined. T h e results indicated that the liver exported the very l o n g chain f a t t y acids and that an adaptation t o o k place a f t e r three days feeding w i t h rapeseed oil or marine oil. This adaptation i n the liver could p o s s i b l y explain why TG accumulation i n hearts, which al~pears a f t e r three days' feeding w i t h rapeseed oil or marine oil, disappears a f t e r an extended feeding p e r i o d . HIGH AND LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN F[YPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC SCI~OOL CHILDREN'. J.A. M o r r i s o n , I. deGroot, K.A. K e l l y , B.IK. Edwards, M.J. Mellies, S. Tillett, P. Khoury and C.J. Glueck, (Dept. of M e d . , U n i v . of C i n c i n n a t i , College of M e d . , C i n c i n n a t i General H o s p . , 234 Goodman S t , C i n c i n n a t i , OH) Lipids 14, 99-]04 (1979). This report focuses u p o n C - H D L and C-LDL levels in children identified i n a l i p i d and l i p o p r o t e i n s a m p l i n g survey of 6,775 Princeton S c h o o l children, b y either total p l a s m a cholesterol 205 m g / d l , the a p p r o x i m a t e 9 5 t h percentile for children 6-17 years of age, or age-, sex-, and race-specific 9 5 t h percentiles for cholesterol. However, when selection for hypercholest e r o l e m i a was based o n age-, sex-, and race-suecific 9 5 t h perc e n t i l e cholesterol levels, there were n o differences in the proportion of black and w h i t e children having elevations of C - t t D L and C-LDL, accounting for t h e i r hypercholesterolemta. NEUROOENIC REGULATION O F LIPID METABOLISM IN THE RABBIT. A MECHANISM FOR THE CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE. C-C. W u and C-J. H s u , (Dept. of Med. Natl T a i w a n U n i v . H o s p . 1, C h a n g - T e St. Taipei Taiwan) Atherosclerosis 33, 153-64 (1979). P l a s m a and a o r t i c cholesterol levels are known t o fall significantly a f t e r needling at the specific p o i n t which i s innervated b y a branch o f the deep peroncal nerve. Different types of s t i m u l a t i o n were applied t o the specific nerve, u s i n g s o l e l y n e e d l i n g , i n j e c t i o n of normal saline w i t h needling and i n j e c t i o n of a s m a l l dose of novocain w i t h needling at the specific p o i n t i n several groups of rabbits fed a h i g h cholesterol diet for t w o or three w e e k s . Significant decreases i n p l a s m a and a o r t i c cholesterol were obtained in the combined acupuncture group a f t e r one t o t w o weeks of acupuncture. W h e n the specific p o i n t was blocked b y i n j e c t i o n of a l a r g e r d o s e of novocain or the deep peroncal nerve was cut, then needling at the specific p o i n t l o s t i t s hypocholestero]emie effect. It i s t h u s suspected that s t i m u l a tion of sensory receptors of the deep peroneal nerve at the specific p o i n t may be the mechanism of the cholesterol-lowering action of acupuncture. DISTRIBUTION O F H I G H D E N S I T Y A N D O T H E R LIPOPROTEINS I N SELECTED L ~ C P R E V A L E N C E S T U D Y POPULATIONS: A BRIEF SURWY. B . M . Rifking, I. Tamir, G. Heiss, R.B. W a l l a c e a n d H.A. Tyroler, (Lipid Metabolism Branch, National Heart,

871A

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BIOCHEMISTRY AND N U T R I T I O N

Lung and B l o o d I n s t . , Bethesda, Maryland) Lipi~s 14, 105-!2 (1979). Selected l i p i d and ]ipoprotein d a t a from the L i p i d Research Clinics ( L R C ) Prevalence S t u d y are presented, w i t h particular emphasis given t o h i g h - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n ( H D L ) values. Cross-sectional age- and sex-specific mean values are shown for 7007 w h i t e participants i n the ten North American L R C s . C o m p a r i s o n s are d r a w n for males and females (ine l u d i n g the p e d i a t r i c group) and for females u s i n g or n o t u s i n g sex h o r m o n e s . T h e U S - U S S R Collaborative Program is summarized, and selected comparisons are noted for the Soviet and United States s a m p l e s .

SERUM LIPOPROTEIN LIPIDS AFTER GEMPIBROZIL TREATMENT. P. S c h w a n d t , P. Weisweiler and G. Neureuther, (2nd Med. Clio., K l i n i k u m Grosshadern, U n i v . of Munich) A r t e r y 5, 117-24 (1979). The changes of serum ]ipoprotein l i p i d s i n c l u d i n g the phospholipids of twelve h y p e r l l p o p r o t e i n e m i c patients were s t u d i e d a f t e r a four weeks treatment w i t h 1,200 rag/day gemfibrozil. There was a decrease of 311 VLDL ] i p i d s as well as of LDL and HDL trlglycerldes and an increase of HDL cholesterol. T h e p h o s p h o l i p i d s were influenced in different d i r e c t i o n s , particularly t h e i r concentration in the HDL was constant.

I N C O R P O R A T I O N O P D E U T E R I U M L A B E L E D CIS- A N D TRANS-9-OCTADECENOIC ACID IN H U M A N S :PLASM'Ap ERYTHROCYTE, AND P L A T E L E T N E U T R A L LIPIDS. E.A. E m k e n , W . K . Rohwedder, II.J.

ISOLATED BRAIN CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIA : INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS LEVELS OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS ON THE ACYL GROUP COMPOSITION OF OLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS. D.P. Selivonehick and B.I. R o o t s , (Dept. of Zoology, U n i v . of T o r o n t o , Mississauga, O n t a r i o , Canada L S L 1C6) L i p i d s 14, 66-9 (]979). On day seven of g e s t a t i o n , W i s t a r rats were assigned to a h i g h essential f a t t y acid ( E F A ) , low EFA, or a f a t free d i e t . The s a m e d i e t s were continued during l a c t a t i o n . On weaning, the offspring were fed the s a m e d i e t s as t h e i r mother. R a t s were k i l l e d at 222 d a y s , b r a i n capillary e n d o t h e l i a isolated, and total l i p i d s extracted from the purified capillaries. T h e comp o s i t i o n of the c o n s t i t u e n t f a t t y acids of ethanolamine glycerophospholipid ( E G P ) , choline glycerophospholipid (COP), and the alk-l-enyl EGP composition from each diet is reported.

D u t t o n , W . J . DeJarlais, R.O. Adlof, J . M a c k i n , R. Dougherty, and J.M. Iacono, Metabolism 28, 575-83 (1979). Mixtures of specifically deuterated t r i o l e i n and trielaidin were fed t o three s u b j e c t s , and the incorporation of t h e s e labeled fats i n t o human plasma, erythrocyte, and platelet neutral l i p l d s was followed b y ~as chromatography--mass spectrometry a n a l y s i s . P l a s m a trle'lvcerides selectively incorporated 10% more o l e l c acid than e l a i d i c acid. P l a s m a cholesterol ester samples contained t h r e e times more o l e i c acid than e l a i d i c acid. P l a s m a free f a t t y scid fractions also contained about 25% more e l a i d i c acid than o l e i c acid. Low levels of deuterated f a t t y acids were f o u n d i n the platelet neutral lipids. T h e s e samples followed the s a m e general seleetivities observed i n the p l a s m a s a m p l e s . U p t a k e of e l a i d i c acid b y b l o o d l i p i d s confirms seleetivities and d i s t r i b u t i o n patterns previously reported i n animal and i n v i t r o studies. A 28% deuterium i s o t o p e e f f e c t due to deuterium o n the f a t t y acid d o u b l e b o n d was observed in the cholestoryl ester samples when oleic-9,]0-d_- acid was fed against oleie8,8,13,]3,14,]4,-d~ acid. No evidence for a s~milar i s o t o p e effect was f o u n d for deuterated f a t t y acid incorporation i n t o t r t glycerldes and free f a t t y acid fractions. CHOLESTEREM]A IN JAPANESE QUAIL: RESPONSE TO A MIXTURE OF VITAMINS C AND E AND CHOLINE CHLORIDE. R.B. Morrissey and W.E. D o n a l d s o n , (North Carolina S t a t e Univ., D e p t . of P o u l t r y Sci., R a l e i g h , N C ) A r t e r y 5 , 182-92 (1979). Fiveweek old, male, Japanese q u a i l (Caturnix eoturnix japonica) were given ad libitum access t o glucose-soybean meal-10% fat d i e t s containing 0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1% cholesterol, w i t h or witho u t the a d d i t i o n of a v i t a m i n supplement ( v i t a m i n C--1 g / k g of d i e t , v i t a m i n E - - 3 0 I . U . / k g of diet and choline chloride--5.5 g / k g of diet). A f t e r 12 weeks, 9 q u a i l from the 2 4 q u a i l fed each diet were k i l l e d and the total cholesterol concentration of s e r u m , liver, k i d n e y , and a o r t a was determined. Cholesterol concentrations of t h e s e organs increased w i t h increasing levels of dietary cholesterol. No significant effect of v i t a m i n s u p p l e m e n t a t i o n on organ cholesterol concentration was noted at 24 weeks a l t h o u g h serum cholesterol concentration was significantly lower for the vltamin-fed groups at a l l levels of dietary cholesterol. T ~ E IMPORTANCE OP TtIE STERIC CONFIGURATION 0P LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLC}IOLINE IN THE LYMPHATIC TRANSPORT OF PAT. P . J . A . O'Doherty, ( G . F . S t r o n g Lab. for Med. R e s . , D e p t . of Med., U n i v . of B r i t i s h Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. Canada VSZ 1M9) L i p i d s 14, 84-7 (1979). The importance of the s t e r i c configuration of ]ysophosphatidylcholine i n the lymp h a t i c transport of fat was investigated i n b i l e f i s t u l a r a t s . It was f o u n d that the feeding of 1-palmitoy]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine increased the l y m p h a t i c o u t p u t of p h o s p h a t i d y l choline and triacy]g]ycerol, w h i l e the feeding of 3-palmitoylsn-glyeero-l-phosphocholine had n o effect. The significance of t h e s e findings is briefly discussed. DIET-INDUCED

ALTERATIONS

IN T H E DISCOID S H A P E

AND PHOS-

PHOLIPID FATTY ACID COMPOSITIONS OF RAT ERYTHROCYTES. G.A. Ran, K. S i l e r and E.C. Larkin, (Hematology Res. L a b . , Veterans A d m i n . Med. Center, Martinex, CA) Lipid8 14, 30-8 (1979). F o r e i g h t weeks y o u n g m a l e rats were fed d i e t s rich in ]8:2 (stock d i e t , or 10% corn oil, CO) or t h o s e devoid of 1 8 : 2 ( f a t f r e e , F F , or 10% hydrogenated coconut oil, HCNO). W h e n 1 8 : 2 was excluded, an increase i n the level of 1 6 : 1 , 18:1 and 2 0 : 3 and a decrease in 1 8 : 2 was observed i n the f a t t y acids of red cells. T h e exclusion of 1 8 : 2 for even a few days decreased the proportion of discoeytes. T h e loss of d i s c o i d shape was reversed i n a few days b y feeding an 18:2-rich d i e t . F a t t y acid analysis o f erythrocytes of rats o n the various dietary m a n i p u l a t i o n s showed that the change i n the proportion of diseocytes followed the change i n the level of 1 8 : 2 .

872A

INFLUENCE OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ON ASCORBIC ACID AND TRIGLYCERIDE STATUS. N . ] { . Hudiburgh and A.N. Milner. g . A m . Diet. Assoo. 7 5 , 19 (1979). Aseorbic acid and trlglyceride concentrations were determined i n fifteen users and fifteen non-users---all college students--of oral contraceptives o n three days during one menstrual or oral contraceptive cycle. There were n o significant differences i n either ascorbate or triglyccride concentrations between the g r o u p s , or w i t h i n the period of menstrual or drug cycle. All triglyceride and ascorb a t e concentrations were in the normal range. Nutrient intake was adequate i n b o t h groups for a l l n u t r i e n t s except i r o n . The d a t a i n d i c a t e t h a t , w i t h adequate ascorblc acid intake, t h e r e is n o threat t o ascorbic acid s t a t u s incident t o oral contraceptive use. NUTRITIONAL EFPECT OF LOW-ERUCIC RAPESEED OILS ON PIGS: 1. DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMALS AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS. U. Petersen, H . - J . Oslage and A. Seher (Bundesforschungsanstalt ffir Landwirtschaft ( P A L ) , Braunschweig, u n d der Bundes a n s t a l t ffir Fettforschung, Mfinster) F e t t e , Seifen, Anstrichm. 81, 177 (1979). In a feeding experiment (17 weeks, 20 k g t o 110 k g b o d y w e i g h t ) with 9 4 castrated males (Deutsche Landrasse) from a S P F colony the influence of type of fat, a m o u n t of fat, and concentration of erucie acid on g r o w t h , feed utilization, q u a l i t y of slaughtered carcass, and developm c n t of some organs were s t u d i e d . T h e f e e d s examined were a barley-soya ration w i t h 2% residual fat w i t h o u t a d d i t i o n of fat, t w o soybean oil groups w i t h 4% and 8% added fat, six m i x e d rapeseed oil groups w i t h three different erucic acid concentrations (7.5%, 15%, 22.5%) at levels of 6% and 10% total f a t i n feed, as well as a Lesira e l l group w i t h 1 . 7 % erucic acid at a level o f 10% fat i n feed. T h e d a i l y increase o n an average of all experimental groups was 0.76 k g and the feed u t i l i z a t i o n index ( d i g e s t i b l e energy) was s i m i l a r i n a l l experimental g r o u p s . Remarkable effects o n the q u a l i t y of slaughtered carcass were n o t detected. T h e relative m a s s o f heart, k i d n e y , s p l e e n , and t h y r o i d s d i d n o t show any distinct ,qlterations that were related t o the dietary treatment. The liver was f o u n d t o be d i s t i n c t l y heavier i n the m i x e d rapeseed oil groups fed ]0% fat i n the f e e d ; moreover, the effect of the a m o u n t of erucie acid was also observed. The adrenals of the m i x e d rapeseed oil groups were significantly lighter than t h o s e of the other g r o u p s ; a relationship to the f a t concentration or erueie acid concentration was n o t found. NUTRITIONAL EFFECT OF LOW-ERD'CIC RAPESEED OILS ON PIGS: 2. EFFECT ON LIPIDS OF HEART MUSCLE. A. Seher, M. Arens, M. K r n h n and U. Petersen (Bundesanstalt ffir Fettforsehung, Miinster, and der Bundesforschungsanstalt ffir Landwirtsehaft ( P A L ) , Braunschwelg) Fette, 8eifen, Anstriclvrn. 81, 181 (1979). T h e effect of various mixtures of rapeseed oils (7.52 2 . 5 % erucic a c i d ) and of Lesira oil ( ] . 7 % eruclc acid) i n comparison t o that o f soybean e l l and a low-fat barley-soybean meal feed on the l l p i d s of h e a r t m u s c l e of p i g s is reported. Neither a f t e r 17 days nor a f t e r 17 weeks o f experimental feeding does lipidosls of h e a r t m u s c l e or short term accumulat i o n of erucle acid in h e a r t m u s c l e occur. T h e incorporation of erucie acid i n t o the total l i p i d s of h e a r t m u s c l e exhibited ~. AM. OIL CHEMISTS' SOC., November 1979 (VOL. 56)

ABSTRACTS: BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION

linear dependence ( m a x i m u m 2 . 1 % ) on dose. The influence of composition and a m o u n t of dietary fat o n the concentration of individual f a t t y acids of total l i p i d s of h e a r t have been s t u d i e d . T h e increased conversion of dietary ] i n o l e n i e acid t o ~o3-docosahexaenoie acid a f t e r feeding rapeseed oil, as found i n the rat, i s n o t observed in the pig. NUTRITIONAL EFFECT OF LOW-ERUCIC RAPESEED OILS ON PI~S: 3 . EFFECT ON DEPOT FAT AND LIVER LIPIDS. A . Seher, G. ~Verner, M. K r o h n and U. Petersen (Bundesanstalt fiir Fettforschung, Mfinster, u n d der Bundesforsehungsanstalt ffir Landwirtsehaft ( F A L ) , Braunschweig) Fette, Se~fe~, Anstrichm. 81, 187 (1979). A f t e r feeding p i g s for 17 and 119 d a y s , respectively, the back fat, intestinal fat, and liver l i p i d s were examined i n order to s t u d y the effect of the type and a m o u n t of fat o n t h e s e organs. Different mixtures of rapeseed oils containing u p t o 2 2 . 5 % erueic acid as well as the low-erucic Lesira Oil did n o t have any negative e f f e c t o n the tissues analyzed. T h e concentration of p a l m i t i e acid and l i n o l e i e acid i n the t i s s u e l i p i d s showed characteristic dependence o n the concentration of f a t i n the diet ( p a l m i t i c acid) or o n the total a m o u n t fed ( l i n o l e i c acid). T h e conversion of l i n o l e i e acid t o arachidonic acid i n the liver seems t o be influenced b y the linolenic acid content of the dietary fat. NUTRITIONAL EFFECT OF LOW-ERUCIC RAPESEED OILS ON PIGS: 4 . HISTOMETRY OF MYOCARDIAL CHANGES. C-.M'. Bijster, W.G. T i m m e r and R.O. Vies (Unilever Research, Vlaardlngen) Fette, S e i f e n , Anstrivhm. 81, 192 (1979). T h e objective of this histopathological study--part of a larger collaborative trial--was t o i n v e s t i g a t e the influence of type, level and erucic acid content of dietary fat o n the frequency and severity of myocardial changes i n growing p i g s . S i x t y - e i g h t castrated p i g s were a l l o t t e d t o ten dietary treatments c o m p r i s i n g a low fat diet and regimens supplemented w i t h soybean oil or w i t h three mixtures of rapeseed oils. T h e mL~tures of rapeseed oils contained 7.5, 15 or 2 2 . 5 % erucic acid, respectively. A t e n t h group was fed low-erucie rapeseed oil (Lesira). The experiment lasted 17 weeks. T h e hearts were sampled systematically y i e l d i n g 28 samples per heart. All sections were screened and t h o s e s h o w i n g a r e a s of m u s c l e cell necrosis were s u b m i t t e d t o a detailed h i s t o m e t r i c i n v e s t i g a t i o n . P i g s fed for 17 weeks rapeseed oil mixtures or low-erucic-acid rapeseed oil d i d n o t d i s p l a y more or more severe l e s i o n s than animals fed either soybean oil or a low fat d i e t . Neither the level nor the nature of the fat i n the d i e t s influenced the number and the severity of the mild cardiac changes observed i n growing p i g s . A NEW METIIOD FOR THE MEASLrREMENT OF LIPOPROTEIN T,IPASR IN POSTtIEPARIN PLASMA USING SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE FOR THE INACTIVATION OF IIEPATIC TRIGLYCERIDE LIPASE. ]~.L. B a g i n s k y and W.V. Brown (Dept. of Meal., Schl. of Med., U n i v . of California, S a n D i e g o , La J e l l s , CA) J. L i p i d Res. 20, 548-56 (1979). Lipoprotein l i p a s e ( L P L ) and h e p a t i c triglyceride l i p a s e (H-TGL) are ] i p o l y t i c activities f o u n d i n postheparln plasma. A s i m p l e and precise m e t h o d for the direct determination of L P L in postheparin p l a s m a i s des c r i b e d . Preincubation of t h i s p l a s m a (45 60 m i d at 2 6 ° C ) with s o d i u m dodecyl sulfate (35-50 raM) in 0.2 M T r l s - H C l buffer, pH 8.2, results in the inactivation of H-TGL, w h i l e leaving L P L fully active. STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION O F ~FREE A N D ESTERIFIED C H O L E S T E R O L IN HUMAN HIGH DENSITY LYPOPROTEINS. A 1 0 0 . 6 M'ffz

uC N M R STriPY. H. Hauser and G.M. Kostner (Eidgenossisehe Technisehe Hochschule Zurich, Lab. fur Biochemie, E T H Z e n t r u m , U n i v e r s i t a t s t r a s s e 16, CH-~092 Zurich, Switzerland) Biochim. B i o p h y s . Acts 573, 375-81 (I979). The structural organization of free and esterifled cholesterol i n human h i g h d e n s i t y ]ipoproteins has been s t u d i e d b y hlgh-fleld ~H and ~C N M R . The measurements are e o n s l s t e n t w i t h free cholesterol being present i n at least two different e n v i r o n m e n t s . Part of the free cholesterol is oriented i n the outer surface l a y e r of the h i g h d e n s i t y ]ipoprotcin part~e]e i n con+.act w i t h phospho]ip+c] or apoproteln, or b o t h . T h e rest is probably present i n the liquid, h y d r o p h o b l c core o f the I~DL particle.

palmitoylsphingomyelin with dimyristoylleeithin, and (3) the interaction o f cholesterol w i t h N - p a l m l t o y l s p h i n g o m y e l i n a n d dimyristoyllecithin, b o t h i n d i v i d u a l l y and i n a 5 0 : 5 0 ( t o o l / t o o l ) mixture. Scanning calorimetry indicates that interaction w i t h cholesterol is s i m i l a r for b o t h N-palmitoylsphingomyelin and d i m y r i s t o y l l e c i t h i n and that i n a 5 0 : 5 0 ( r e e l / t o o l ) mixture cholesterol s h o w s n o preferential affinity for either phospholipid. DIETARY I~AT-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN" HEPATIC CHOLESTEROGENESIS AND THE ACTIVITY OF 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARY'LC o A REDUCTASE IN FASTED-R~D EATS. T. Ide, T. T a n a k a and M. S u g a n o (Lab. of Nutr. Chem., D e p t . of F o o d Sei. a n d T e e h . , Kyushu U n i v . Sehl. of A g r . , F u k u o k a 812, J a p a n ) J. N u t r . 109, 807-18 (1979). Effects o f various dietary fats o n the a c t i v i t y of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMGCoA) reductase and sterol and f a t t y acid s y n t h e s i s from [1-~'C]acetate and [2-"C]-mevalonate were examined i n the liver from fasted-refed r a t s . R a t s f a s t e d for 2 days were r e f e d a f a t - f r e e diet or d i e t s containing various fats ( t r l caprylin, t r i l a u r i n , t r i m y r i s t i n , t r i s t e a r i n , c a m e l l i a oil, or safflower o i l ) at 10% level for 1, 3, or 7 d a y s . Dietary fats a p p e a r t o play an i m p o r t a n t r o l e n o t o n l y i n the regulation of h e p a t i c HMG-CoA reductase and sterol s y n t h e s i s , b u t also in the overall processes of cholesterol d y n a m i c s . E F F E C T S O F Q U A N T I T Y A N D UNSATUI~ATION O F D I E T A R Y F A T O N S E R U M C O M P O N E N T S IN N O R M A L A N D DIABETIC M A C A C A NIGRA. C.F. Howard, Jr. (Dept. of Nutr. and M e t a b o l i c Diseases,

Oregon Reg. P r i m a t e Res. Center, Beaverton, O R ) J. N u t r . 109, 892-903 (1979). Dietary fat affects serum ] i p i d s independently of dietary cholesterol. Normal and d i a b e t i c monkeys (Macaca n i g r a ) were fed cereal-based, specially f o r m ulated d i e t s w i t h either a l o w fat (LF = 2 . 5 % ) or a higher fat (13.2%) content; the latter had varying concentrations of safflower and coconut oil t o attain greater polyunsaturation ( S F O ) or saturation (CCO) i n the d i e t s . T h e q u a n t i t y of fat had a greater e f f e c t on serum cholesterol than d i d the degree of p o l y u n s a t u r a t i o n . In b o t h g r o u p s , triglyceride concentrations correlated significantly w i t h VLDL p r o t e i n , and cholesterol levels correlated w i t h LDL p r o t e i n . T h u s the responses of Macaea ~ i t l r a t o dietary fat m a n i p u l a t i o n depend u p o n b o t h the diet f a t content and c o m p o s i t i o n as well as the normal or d i a b e t i c m e t a b o l i c s t a t e of each m o n k e y . OF V I T A M I N E DEFICIENCY O N THE A C T M T I E S OF LIPIDREQ'UIRIN( ENZYMES IN RABBrP LIVER A N D 3~USCLE. C. V a j a n a nmrhutue, P . Wilairat and P. Komaratat (Dept. of Biochem., F a c u l t y of Sci., M a h i d o l U n i v . , R a m s 6 Rd., Bangkok 4, T h a i l a n d ) J. NYitr. 109. 848 .55 (1979). T h e effects of v i t a m i n E deficiency on membrane i n t e g r i t y were s t u d i e d b y examining the temperature dependence of membrane-bound enzyme a c t i v i ties i n liver m i t o e h o n d r i a and m i c r o s o m e and in m u s c l e sarcoplasmic r e t l e u l u m . Tn v i t a m i n E-deficlent r a b b i t s , the suecific activities at 37 ° of mitochondrial o]igomyein-sensitive A T P a s e (EC 3.6.1.3), fl-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30), and microsoma] glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) were increased, whereas t h o s e of mlcrosema] NADH tyroc h r o m e C reductase (EC 1.6.99.3) and sarcoplasmlc reticulum C a - A T P a s e were reduced i n comparison t o control r a b b i t s .

EFFEcTs

]~FEECTS OF DIETARY VITAAIIN A DEFICIENCY, RETIN'0IC ACID ANT) PROTEIN QUANTITY AND QUALITY ON SERIALLY OBTAINED PLASMA AND LIVER LEVELS OF VITAMTN" A I]q RATS. B.A. Underwood, J.D. Loerch and K.C. Lewis (Nutr. P r o g r a m , Div. of B i o l . Health, P e n n s y l v a n i a S t a t e U n i v . , University P a r k , P e n n . ) ,T. N u t r . 109, 796-806 (1979). ]~ats were fed v i t a m i n Ade~c|ent d i e t s either alone, supplemented with r e t i n o i c acid ( R A ) , or of l i m i t e d protein q u a l i t y or q u a n t i t y (7% rice or 7% casein protein): one group was fed 7% rice protein supplemented with v i t a m i n A. S u p p l e m e n t a t i o n w i t h R A c~.nsed an i m m e d i a t e and sustained reduction of 15 t o 2 0 g g / d l i n circulating v i t a m i n A. A s c h e m e i s proposed s u g g e s t i n g poss i b l e regulatory mechanisms that m i g h t control h o m e o s t a t i c Ievels of p l a s m a vltam~n A. :EFFECTS O F RETINOIO ACID O N

SPmNGOMYZLIN-T.ECI+HIN BIT.A~ZRS AND T~Em INTERACTION WITH CHOLESTEROL. W.I. C a l h o u n and G.G. Ship]ey ( B i o p h y s . D i v . , D e p t . of M e d . , B o s t o n U n i v . Sch]. of M e d . , B o s t o n , MA) B i o c h e m i s t r y 18, 1717-22 (1979). U t i l i z i n g X - r a y diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), we have s t u d i e d (1) the structure and t h e r m o t r o p i c properties of hydrated hr-palmitoylsphingomyelin, (2) the interaction of NJ. AM. OIL CHEMISTS' SOC., November 1979 (VOL. 56)

THE

MOBILIZATION

OF VITAMIN A

FROM THE LIVER IN RATS. ]~. Kel]son, B.A. Underwood and J.D. Loerch (Nutr. P r o g r a m , Div. of Biol. Health, Penns y l v a n i a S t a t e U n i v . , University P a r k , P e n n . ) J. N u t r . 109, 787-95 (1979). The e f f e c t of s h o r t - (3 days) and long-term (24 or 25 days) feeding of r e t i n o i c acid (RA) o n p l a s m a levels of retinal and o n the a b i l i t y of the h e p a t i c system t o m o b i l i z e retinol was s t u d i e d in three groups o f normally

873A

ABSTRACTS:

BIOCHEMISTRY AND N U T R I T I O N

growing rats maintained o n v i t a m i n A-deficient diets. T h e d a t a s u g g e s t that direct partial p r o v i s i o n of t i s s u e needs for v i t a m i n A b y R A modified the feedback control mechanism t h a t , i n the absence of dietary R A , regulates m o b i l i z a t i o n a n d / o r release of retinol b o u n d t o i t s carrier protein from endogenous s t o r e s . RESPONSE OF PLASMA LEVELS OF VITAMIN A TO A DOSE OF VITAMIN A AS AN INDICATOR OF HEPATIC VITAMIN A RESERVES IN RATS. J.D. Loerch, B.A. Underwood and K.C. Lewis (Nutr. P r o g r a m , Div. of Biol. Health, P e n n s y l v a n i a S t a t e U n i v . , University P a r k , Pennsylvania) J . N u t r . 109, 778-86 (1979). R a t s were fed d i e t s deficient i - - A ] or sufficient [-kA] (3 m g retinol equivalents/kg) i n v i t a m i n A, and w i t h o u t [--RA] or w i t h [ + R A ] (12 m g / k g ) r e t i n o i c acid s u p p l e m e n t a t i o n , for u p t o 33 d a y s . An RDR above 50% invariably was associated w i t h low p l a s m a levels (10 t o 3 0 ~ g / d l ) and low liver stores (~10 # g / g ) of v i t a m i n A, whereas an R DR of less than 40% was associated w i t h p l a s m a levels above 30 ~ g / d l and liver stores ranging from 3 t o 100 ~ g / g . I~ETABOLISM 01~ 3a,7a-DIHYDROXY-Sfl-CHOLESTANOIC ACID BY RAT LIVER IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. J . Gustafsson (Dept. of Chem., Karolinska I n s t . , Stockholm, Sweden) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 265-70 (1979). T h e m e t a b o l i s m of 3a,7a-dihydroxy-Sfl-cholestanoic acid was s t u d i e d i n b i l e f i s t u l a rats and i n preparations from rat liver homogenates. In the b i l e f i s t u l a rat, the m a i n products were chenodeoxycholic acid, a - m u r i c h o l i c acid, and ~ - m u r i c h o l i c acid. Only s m a l l a m o u n t s o f c h o l i c acid were formed. Incubations of 3a,7a-dihydroxy-Sfl-cholestanoie acid w i t h microsomes and N A D P H yielded as the m a i n products 3a,6fl,7a-trihydroxy-Sfl-cholestanoie acid. O F DIOSGENIN O N LIPID M E T A B O L I S M IN RATS. M.N. Cayen and D. Dvornik (Dept. of Bioehem., Ayerst Res. L a b . , Montreal, Quebec H 3 C 3JI, Canada) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 162-74 (1979). T h e p u r p o s e of t h i s s t u d y was t o determine whether d i o s g e n i n suppresses cholesterol and b i l e acid metabolism. Diosgenin fed w i t h the diet for 1 week i n h i b i t e d cholesterol absorption as determined b y the serum i s o t o p e ratio technique, as well as b y measuring i n the feces the a m o u n t of unabsorbed radioactivity from orally administered Jail]cholesterol. It was concluded that d i o s g e n i n interferes w i t h the absorption of cholesterol of b o t h exogenous and endogenous o r i g i n ; such interference i s accompanied b y derepressed, i.e., increased, rates of h e p a t i c and intestinal cholesterol synthesis. T h e increased unabsorbed cholesterol together w i t h enhanced secretion of cholesterol i n t o bile resulted in increased excretion of neutral sterols w i t h o u t affecting the biliary and f e c a l excretion of bile acids. EFFECT

S T I M U L A T I O N OF CHOLESTEROL ESTERI!aI CArFION IN H E P A T I C M I C R O S O M E S B Y LIPOFROTEINS F R O M N O R M * L A N D HYPERC~OT~ES-

TEROLEMIC RABBIT SERUM. S. H a s h i m o t o and S. Dayton ( R e s . Service and Med. Service. VA W a d s w o r t h H o s p . Center, L o s Angeles, CA) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 5 7 3 , 354-60 (1979). Incubation of p l a s m a l i p o p r o t e i n s w i t h rabbit h e p a t i c microsomes enriched the mierosomes w i t h free cholesterol and s t i m u l a t e d cholesterol esterification. T h e r a t e of cholesterol esterifleation correlated well ( r - - 0 . 9 6 ) w i t h the concentration o f microsomal free cholesterol. L i p o p r o t e i n s from normal and hypercholesterolemic serum varied i n t h e i r propensity t o s t i m u l a t e cholesterol esterification. T h e augmentation of cholesterol c o n t e n t , when microsomes were exposed t o m i x e d h y p e r l i p i d e m l c lipoproteins, was proportionately much greater than augmentat i o n of p h o s p h o l i p i d or protein concentration. PURIFIED PHOSPHOLIPAS$ A~ FROM SHI~gP ~YTm~OCY~ MF~BRANE.

PREFERENTIAL HYDROLYSIS ACCORDING TO POLAR GROUPS

AND 2-ACYL CHAINS. J . Jimcno-Abendano and P . Zahler ( I n s t . of Biochem., U n i v . of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, Berne, Switzerl a n d ) Biochim. Biophys. A c t a 5 7 3 , 266-75 (1979). H y d r o l y s i s of natural p h o s p h o l i p l d s b y pure erythroeyte membrane phosp h o l i p a s e Ag was compared t o the reaction catalyzed b y the s o l u b l e pancreatic enzyme. F a t t y acids liberated during b o t h types of reaction were q u a n t i t a t i v e l y analyzed b y gas l i q u i d chromatography. W e confirm for the pancreatic enzyme lack of specificity w i t h respect t o the an-2 aeyl chain of the phosp h o l i p i d s and preference for negatively charged polar head g r o u p s . T h e significance of such differences between pancreatic and sheep erythrocyte enzyme i s discussed i n relation t o the p o s s i b l e physiological robe of the latter enzyme. CONTINUOUS MON'ITORING OF FREE FATTY ACID RELEASE FROM ADIPOCYTES BY PH-STAT TITRATION. 1~.O. N i l s s o n and P . Belfrage (Dept. of P h y s i o l . C h e m . 4, U n i v . of L u n d , P . O . B .

874A

750, S-220 07 L u n d , Sweden) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 557-60 (1979). A m e t h o d for direct and c o n t i n u o u s m o n i t o r i n g of free f a t t y acid release i n a d i p o c y t e s u s p e n s i o n s is described. U s i n g a pH-stat apparatus the p r o t o n s from the released free f a t t y acids are continuously titrated and the accumulated a m o u n t of OI1- a d d e d is monitored o n a recorder against time, the slope t h u s i n d i c a t i n g the r a t e of free f a t t y acid release. U n d e r the c o n d i t i o n s described, free f a t t y acid release from 5% of maximal norepinephrine s t i m u l a t i o n of rat adipocytes can be accurately measured and the kinetics can be followed over extended periods of time. OF T H E F A T T Y ACID COMPOSITION O F C U L T U R E D HUMAN FIBROBLASTS. A.A. Spector, R.E. Kiser, G.M. D e n n i n g , S.-W.M. Koh and L.E. DeBault (Dept. of Biochem., U n i v . of Iowa, Iowa C i t y , IA) J. L i p i d Res. 20, 536--47 (1979). T h e f a t t y acid composition of h u m a n skin fibroblasts grown i n 10% dialyzed f e t a l c a l f serum can be modified considerably by adding supplemental f a t t y acids t o the culture medium. The degree o f modification was dependent on the concentration of added f a t t y acid over the r a n g e t e s t e d , 2.5 × 10-~ t o 1 × 1 0 - ' . F a t t y acid modifications also were produced i n the commercially available IMR-90 strain of human l u n g fibroblasts, sugg e s t i n g that the a b i l i t y t o t o l e r a t e considerable differences i n f a t t y acid c o m p o s i t i o n i s n o t a special property of the skin fibroblast l i n e that was isolated l o c a l l y . MODIFICATION

PURIFICATION OF PHOSPHOLIPASE C FROM BACILLUS CEREUS BY HYDROPHOBIC CHROMATOGRAPHY ON PALMITOYL CELLULOSE. S. Imamura and Y. H o r i u t i ( R e s . L a b . , Toyo Jozo Co., L t d . , Mifuku, Ohito-cho, T a g a t a - g u n , Shizuoka 4 1 0 - 2 3 , J a p a n ) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 519-24 (1979). P h o s p h o l i p a s e C ( p h o s p h a t i d y l choline eholine-phosphohydrolase, E C 3.1.4.3) from B a c i l l u s cereus (IAM-1208) was absorbed t o p a l m i t o y l cellulose from a crude enzyme s o l u t i o n at p H 5 - 9 . T h e enzyme adsorbed o n p a l m i t o y l c e l l u l o s e was active, a l t h o u g h i t s a c t i v i t y was about one-fourth that of free p h o s p h o l i p a s e C. Therefore, the enzyme appeared t o be adsorbed t o the c e l l u l o s e through a h y d r o p h o b i ¢ site that was distinct from the c a t a l y t i c s i t e o n the enzyme molecule. METABOLISM

OF 6~-CHOLESTANE-3a,Ta,12a,26-'i~ETROL AND 5flINTO CHOLIC ACID IN NORMAL IIUMAN SUBJECTS. R.F. H a n s o n , A.B. S t a p l e s , and G.C. Will i a m s (Dept. of Internal M e d . , U n i v . o f M i n n e s o t a Med. Schl., Minneapolis, M N ) J . L i p i d t i e s . 20, 489-93 (1979). S i d e chain o x i d a t i o n and cleavage o f precursors i n c h o l i c acid synt h e s i s i s t h o u g h t to i n v o l v e initial h y d r o x y l a t i o n at either p o s i t i o n 25 or 26 of the side chain. Therefore, the conversion o f 5fl-cholestane-3a,7 a,12a,26-tetrol and 5B-cholestane-3a,Ta,12a, 25-tetrol i n t o c h o l i c acid was s t u d i e d i n normal subjects a f t e r s i n g l e intravenous i n j e c t i o n s of t h e s e labeled alcohols. Thus, t h i s s t t l d y indicates that 5~.cholestane-3a,Ta,lga.25-tetrol is an inefficient s u b s t r a t e for c h o l i c acid b i o s y n t h e s i s i n man and that the m a j o r r o u t e of c h o l i c acid s y n t h e s i s probably involves the 26-hydroxylated intermediate.

CHOLESTANE-3a,7a,12a,2~-TETROL

LIPID METABOLISM IN CULTURED CELLS. X V I I L COMPARATIVE UPTAKE OF LOW DENSITY AND HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS BY NORMAL, HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC AND TUMOR VIRUS-TRANSFORMED HUMAN FIBROBLASTS. J.-D. W u , J . B u t l e r and J . M . Bailey (Dept. of Biochem., T h e George W a s h i n g t o n U n i v . SeAl. of Med., W a s h i n g t o n , D C ) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 472-80 (1979). Serum l i p o p r o t e i n s control cell cholesterol content b y regulating its uptake, biosynthesis, and excretion. Monolayers of cultured fibroblasts were used t o s t u d y interactions w i t h human h i g h d e n s i t y ( H D L ) and low d e n s i t y ( L D L ) lipoproteins d o u b l y labeled w i t h [SH]cholesterol and ~ I i n the apoprotein m o i e t y . T h e s e results i n d i c a t e that HDL and LDL b i n d t o cultured cells at separate sites and that further processing of the t w o ]ipoprotein classes a p p e a r s t o take place b y fundamentally different m e c h a n i s m s . LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE AND ACID LIPASE ACTIVITY IN RABBIT BRAIN MICROV~SSELS. P. Brecher and H . - T . Kuan (Dept. of M e d . , B o s t o n U n i v . Mcd. Center, B o s t o n , MA) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 464-71 (1979). A preparation of cerebral microvessels was used t o d e m o n s t r a t e the presence of l i p o p r o t e i n l i p a s e and acid l i p a s e a c t i v i t y i n the mierovasculature of rabbit b r a i n . Microvesscls, c o n s i s t i n g predominantly of capillaries, s m a l l arterioles, and v e n u l e s , were isolated from rabbit b r a i n . Homogenates were assayed for l i p o l y t i e a c t i v i t y u s i n g a glycerolstabilized trioleoylglycerol-phospholipid e m u l s i o n as substrate. T h e d a t a show the presence of b o t h l i p o p r o t e i n ] i p a s e and acid l i p a s e in brain microvessels and s u g g e s t that l i p o p r o t e i n s J. AM. OIL CHEMISTS' SOC., November 1979 (VOL. 56)

ABSTRACTS~ BIOCHEMISTRY AND N U T R I T I O N are metabolized w i t h i n the cerebral vasculature. THE SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF NEUTRAL SPHINGOMYELINASE IN RAT LIVER. K.Y. Hostetler and P . J . Yazaki (Dept. of M e d . , Div. of M e t a b o l i c Disease, U n i v . of California, S a n D i e g o , CA) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 456-63 (1979). T h e subcellular dist r i b u t i o n of neutral s p h i n g o m y e l i n a s e a c t i v i t y has been determ i n e d i n rat liver. Neutral s p h i n g o m y e l i n a s e i s present i n the p l a s m a membrane. This enzyme requires either M gs* or Mn ~ for full a c t i v i t y ; t h e s e cations cannot be replaced b y Co** or C a~*. The p l a s m a membrane s p h i n g o m y e l i n a s e is s t r o n g l y inh i b i t e d b y Hg2÷. In contrast t o the results obtained w i t h the neutral s p h i n g o m y e l i n a s e a c t i v i t y of p l a s m a membranes and microsomes, lysosomal s p h i n g o m y c l i n a s e i s unaffected b y s u l h y d r y l inhibitors. CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS AND APOPROTEINS FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF TRITON W R 1339 TO RATS. T. Ishikawa and N. F i d g e (Cardiovascular M e t a b o l i s m and Nutr. Res. U n i t , B a k e r Med. Res. I n s t . , Prahan, Victoria, Australia) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 254-64 (1979). Changes i n w h o l e p l a s m a and l i p o p r o t e i n apoprotein concent r a t i o n s were determined a f t e r a s i n g l e i n j e c t i o n of T r i t o n W R 1339 into r a t s . Concentrations of apoproteins A-I (an activator of lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferasc), argininerich apoprotein ( A R P ) , and B apoprotein were measured b y electroimmunoassay. T h e s e studies s u g g e s t that the detergent may achieve i t s h y p e r l i p i d e m i c effect b y d i s r u p t i n g H D L and t h u s removing and A-I and C-II proteins from a normal activating environment c o m p r i s i n g VLDL, HDL, and the enz y m e s . The p o s s i b l e i n v o l v e m e n t of intact HDL i n VLDL catabolism i s discussed in relation t o other recent reports which also s u g g e s t that abnormalities of the VLDL-LDL system may be due to the absence of normal t t D L . ONTOGENY OF GLYCEROLIPID BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYMES IN SWINE LIVER AND ADIPOSE TISSUE. D.G. Stcffen, G. P h i n n e y , L . J . Brown and H . J . Mersmann ( S h e l l D e v l . Co., M o d e s t o , CA) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 246-53 (1979). Enzymes associated w i t h glycerolipid b i o s y n t h e s i s were examined i n microsoma] f r a c t i o n s of liver and a d i p o s e t i s s u e obtained from swine of various ages. Generally, liver g]ycerophosphate acyltransferase, p h o s p h a t i d a t e phosphohydrolase, diglyceride acyltransferase, and choline phosphotransferase activities were substantial at b i r t h b u t increased 2- t o 3-fold b y day 14 p o s t p a r t u m , decreased at day 25, then increased at the o l d e s t ages s t u d i e d (up t o 155 days postpartum). In a d i p o s e tissue, enzyme aetlv~ties were low at b i r t h and developed through day 25 i n a pattern generally s i m i l a r t o that observed i n liver. ENZYME-I,LN'KED IMMUNOASSAY OP URSODEOXYOHOLIC ACID I~ SEaU~t. S. Ozaki, A. T a s h i r o , I. M a k l n o , S. N a k a g a w a and I. Yoshizawa (Second D e p t . of M e d . , Hokkaido U n i v . S~hl. of Mad., S a p p o r o , J a p a n ) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 240-5 (1979). A s e n s i t i v e and specific enzyme-linked i m m u n o a s s a y for the measurement of u r s o d c o x y c h o l i c acid i n human serum was developed. Ursodeoxycholic acid conjugated t o alkaline phosp h a t a s e ( f r o m c a l f intestine) was used as a tracer. The specificity and s e n s i t i v i t y of this enzyme-linked i m m u n o a s s a y were s i m i l a r to t h o s e o f a radioinmlunoassay reported previously. T h e serum u r s o d e o x y c h o l i c acid levels measured b y t h i s m e t h o d correlatcd well w i t h t h o s e determined b y gasl i q u i d chromatography and r a d i o i m m u n o a s s a y . Based on t h e s e findings, this enzyme-linked i m m u n o a s s a y of bile acid m i g h t be useful as a toot for the routine clinical analysis of serum bile a c i d s . THE STEREOCHEMICAL CONFIGURATION OF LYSOSOMAL PHOSPIIATID3~LCHOLINE AND PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE" COMPARISON OF LYSOBISPHOSPHATIDIC ACID. A. J o u t t i and 0 . Renkonen (Lab. of L i p i d R e s . , U n i v . of i l e l s i n k i , Haartmaninkatu 3, S F 0 0 2 9 0 H e l s i n k i 29, F i n l a n d ) J. L i p i d Res. 20, 230-3 (1979). Lysos9mal p h o s p h a t i d y l c h o l i n e and p h o s p h a t i d y l ethanolamine were isolated from liver of rats treated w~th T r i t o n W R 1339 and from cultured BHK-cells. Stereochemical analysis proved that t h e s e lipids, i n contrast t o the lysosomal lysobisphosphatidic acid, were derivatives of s~-glycero-3phosphate. CIIANOES IN PLASMA VERY LOW DENSITY AND LOW DENSITY I.IPOPI~OTEIN CONTENT, COMPOSITION, AI~'D SIZE AFTER A FAq:TY MEAL IN NORMO" AND H3[PERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC MAN. T.G. Redgrave and L.A. Carlson ( K i n g Gustav V Rcs. I n s t . , Karolinska H o s p . , Stockhohn, Sweden) J . L i p i d BeE. 20, 217-29 (1979). F o u r subfractions of p l a s m a VLDL characterized b y decreasing J. AM. OIL CHEMISTS' SOC., November 1979 (VOL. 56)

S t value and LDL were isolated b y d e n s i t y gradient preparative ultracentrifugation from normotriglyceridemic ( N T G ) and hypertriglyceridemic ( H T G ) ( t y p e IV) subjects i n the fasting s t a t e and a f t e r a f a t t y m e a l . T h e LDL of type I V subjects contained more apoprotein B than t h o s e from N T G s u b j e c t s , and t h i s difference was associated w i t h increases i n diameter, molecular w e i g h t , d e n s i t y , and the ratio of protein: p h o s p h o l i p i d i n LDL from type IV s u b j e c t s . Defective degradation of large VLDL t o s m a l l VLDL, and of VLDL t o LDL may be related t o t h i s alteration i n apoprotein B content of the l i p o p r o t c i n s i n type IV s u b j e c t s . INHIBITION OP EPINEPHRINE-INDUCED LIPOLYSIS I N ISOLATED WHITE ADIPOCYTES OF AGING RABBITS BY INCREASED ALPHAADREN],'RGIC RESPOIqSIVENESS. M. L a f o n t a n ( I n s t . de P h y s iologic, U n i v e r s i t e P a u l Sabatier, E]~A C N R S 412-2- rue Francois Magendie, 3 1 4 0 0 Toulouse, F r a n c e ) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 208-16 (1979). The a i m of t h i s s t u d y was to explain the unresponsiveness of rabbit perlrenal adipose tissue to epinephrine. T h e i n v i t r o l i p o l y t l c r e s p o n s e t o isoproterenol and t o epinephrine alone or associated w i t h alpha- or betaadrenergic b l o c k i n g a g e n t s , was s t u d i e d i n the adipocytes of rabbits of various ages. T h e loss of beta-adrenergic responsiveness towards epinephrine i n the a g i n g rabbit i s l i n k e d t o the i n v o l v e m e n t of an increased alpha-adrenergic responsiven e s s . T h e s t i m u l a t i o n of a l p h a receptor sites b y epinephrine

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875A

ABSTRACTS: BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION

leads t o a depressive e f f e c t on lipolysis effect or a n t i l i p o l y t i c action). DISTRIBUTION A-If

IN

(lack of a d i p o k i n e t i c

OF CHOLESTEROL AND

IIUMAN

HIGH

DENSITY

APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I AND LIPOPROTEIN SUBFRACTIONS

SEPARATED BY CsCL EQUILIBRIUM GRADIENT CENTRIEUGATION: EVIDENCE FOR HDL SUBPOPULATIONS WITH DIFFERING A - I / A - I I MOLAR RATIOS. M.C. Cheung and J . J . Albers (Northwest L i p i d Res. Clin., Harborview Med. Center, 325 N i n t h Ave, Seattle, W A ) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 200-7 (1979). The p u r p o s e o f this experiment was t o characterize the h i g h d e n s i t y l i p o proteins ( H D L ) as a function of hydrated d e n s i t y . HDL was subfractionated on the b a s i s of hydrated d e n s i t y b y CsC1 d e n s i t y gradient eentrifugation of w h o l e serum or the d 1 . 0 6 3 1.25 g / m l HDL fraction isolated from three men and three w o m e n . HDL subfractions w i t h the s a m e hydrated densities had comparable molecular weights and A - I / A - I I and cholest e r o l / ( A - I + A - I I ) ratios when isolated from men or w o m e n . HDL contains s u b p o p u l a t i o n s that differ i n the & - I / A - I I molar ratio. NORETHINDRONE ACETATE INHIBITION O F SPLANCI~NIC TRIGLYCERIDE SECRETION IN CONSCIOUS GLUCOSE-FED SWINE. B . M . W o l f e and D.M. Grace ( U n i v . H o s p . , U n i v . of Western O n t a r i o , L o n d o n , O n t a r i o , Canada) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 175-82 (1979). T h e effects of conventional doses of t w o s y n t h e t i c contraceptive steroids o n the concentration and r a t e of secret i o n of p l a s m a triglycerides from the s p l a n c h n i c region were i n v e s t i g a t e d . Compared w i t h studies i n the untreated a n i m a l , norethindrone acetate significantly reduced the arterial concentration (1.1 ~ 0.1 vs. 0.7 +-- 0.1 raM) and r a t e of s p l a n c h n i e secretion of p l a s m a triglyceride f a t t y acids (2.0 +--0.4 v s . 0.8 ----- 0.1 m o l / m i n - k g b o d y w t °'~) and decreased the percent of free f a t t y acids entering the s p l a n c h n i c region that was converted t o p l a s m a triglyeerides (22 --+ 5 vs. 13 +-- 3%, P < 0.05). E t h y n y l e s t r a d i o l , i n the d o s e e m p l o y e d , had n o significant effect o n t h e s e variables; however, ethynylestradiol and norethindrone acetate together gave responses s i m i l a r t o norethindrone acetate alone. ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID DEFICIENCY AND ADRENAL CORTICAL FUNCTION IN VITRO. G.V. Vahouny, V.A. Hodges and C.R. Treadwell (Dept. of Biochem., Schl. of Med. and Health Sci., T h e George W a s h i n g t o n Univ., W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . ) J . L i p i d Res. 20, 154-61 (1979). Adrenoeortical cells were prepared from rats maintained o n essential f a t t y acid-deficient d i e t s and control l i t t e r m a t e s . C e l l s from control rats had h i g h concentrations of essential f a t t y acids i n the eholesteryl ester fraction o f which approximately 22% was araehidonate. In contrast, cells from EFA-deficient rats had o n l y 2 . 5 % arachidonate i n the eholesteryl esters, even t h o u g h the total esterified cholesterol level was comparable t o that of controls. The results i n d i c a t e that h i g h levels of the prostaglandin precursors, namely l i n o l e a t e and arachidonate, are n o t a sine qua n o n for the s t e r o i d o g e n i c action of A C T H or c y c l i c A M P . HEPATIC LIPID METABOLISM IN DOMESTIC FOWL AS INFLUENCED BY DIETARY CEREAL. D.V. Maurice and L.S. Jensen (Dept. of P o u l t r y Sei., U n i v . of Georgia, A t h e n s , GA) J . N u t r . 109, 872-82 (1979). T h e influence of dietary cereal o n h e p a t i c l i p i d m e t a b o l i s m was s t u d i e d i n a d u l t Japanese q u a i l and mature female chickens fed isoenergetic and i s o n i t r o g e n o u s corn-soy and wheat-soy d i e t s ad l i b i t u m . Hepatic l i p i d acc u m u l a t i o n and r a t e of b i o s y n t h e s i s were significantly higher i n b i r d s fed the corn-soy d i e t . T h e differential r e s p o n s e t o the cereals was seen i n o v i p o s i t i n g females b u t n o t i n m a t u r e m a l e q u a i l . T h e s e studies show that differences i n liver l i p i d accumulation due t o corn and wheat d i e t s are related t o changes i n r a t e of lipogenesis. THE EFFECT OF CERULENIN AND EXOGENOUS FATTY ACIDS ON TRIACYLGLYCEROL ACCUMULATION IN AN INOSITOL-DEFICIENT YEAST, SACCHAROMYCES CARLSBERGENSIS. G. Daum, G. Gamerith and F . P a l t a u f ( I n s t . fur Biochemie, Technisehe Universitat Graz, A-8020 Graz, Austria) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 573, 413-5 (1979). Cerulenin i n h i b i t s f a t t y acid synt h e s i s i n yeast; s u p p l e m e n t a t i o n w i t h exogenous f a t t y acids is required t o m a i n t a i n cell g r o w t h . In the presence of cerulenin and exogenous f a t t y acids inositol-defieient cells accumulate triacylglycerols t o a l m o s t the s a m e extent as norm a l l y grown deficient cells, i n d i c a t i n g that increased f a t t y acid s y n t h e s i s i s n o t primarily r e s p o n s i b l e for triaeylglycerol accumulation. TRANSFORMATION OF ARACHIDONIC ACID INTO 12-HYDROXY5,8,10,14-EICOSATETRAENOIC ACID BY MOUSE PERITONEAL MAC-

8"/6A

ROPHAGES. M. R i g a u d , J . D u r a n d and J.C. Breton (Lab. de Bioehimie, F a c u l t e de Medecine, 2 rue d u Docteur Marcland, 8 7 3 0 0 Limoges C e d e x , France) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 573, 408-12 (1979). M o u s e peritoneal maerophages were incubated at 37°C for 3 0 m i n w i t h arachidonic acid (all-cis-5,8,11,14eicosatetraenoic acid). Oxygenation of arachidonic acid i n m o u s e peritoneal macrophages occurs b y t w o m a j o r pathways: f a t t y acid cyclooxygenase and ]ipoxygenase. The m a j o r m e t a b o l i t e of the latter is 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoie acid which was identified b y gas l i q u i d chromatography o n h i g h r e s o l u t i o n g l a s s capillary c o l u m n and m a s s spectrometry. IN VIVO TRANSFER OF CHOLESTERYL ESTERS FROM HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS TO VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS IN MAN. P . J . N e s t e l , M. Reardon and T. B i l l i n g t o n (Cardiovascular Met. and Nutr. Res. U n i t , B a k e r Med. Res. I n s t . , Melbourne, Australia) Biochim. Biophys. A c t a 573, 403-7 (1979). The fate of cholesteryl esters i n h i g h d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n ( H D L ) was s t u d i e d t o determine whether the transfer of esterified cholesterol from HDL t o other p l a s m a l i p o p r o t e i n s occurred t o a significant extent i n man. HDL cholesteryl ester, labelled in vitro with [SH]cholesterol, was injected into human s u b j e c t s . T h e rapid r a t e o f l a b e l l i n g of VLDL from HDL s u g g e s t s that the transfer of HDL cholesteryl esters t o VLDL may represent a significant pathway for the disposal of HDL cholesterol. STIMULATION OF PHOSPHATIDIC ACID PRODUCTION IN PLATELETS PRECEDES THE FORMATION OF ARACHIDONATE AND PARALLELS THE RELEASE OF SEROTONIN. E.G. Lapetina and P . Cuatrecasas (Dept. of Molecular Biol., W e l l c o m e Res. L a b . , 3030 Cornwallis Rd., Res. T r i a n g l e P a r k , N C ) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 573, 394-402 (1979). T h r o m b i n rapidly induces the formation of labeled p h o s p h a t i d i c acid from platelets prelabeled w i t h [14C] araehidonate or s2PO~- and specifically decreases b y 50-75% the content of phosphatidyllnosito]. P h o s p h a t i d a t e production reflects the generation of diacylglycerol b y C-type p h o s p h o l i p a s e degradation of phosphatidylinositol. Diaeylglyeerol and phosp h a t i d i c acid may participate i n the membrane modification related t o the early changes i n platelet shape, release reactions or aggregation which occur on stimulation. CHARACTERIZATION OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN-LIKE PARTICLE IN THE HUMAN AORTA FROM GROSSLY NORMAL AND ATHEROSCLEROTIC REGIONS. H . F . H o f f , W.A. Bradley, C.L. Heideman, J:W. Gaubatz, M.D. K a r a g a s and A.M. G o t t o , Jr. (Dept. of M e d . , Baylor College of M e d . , H o u s t o n , T X ) Biavhim. Biophys. Acta 573, 361-74 (1979). Physical and chemical criteria of ]ipoproteins containing apolipoprotein B, extracted from human a o r t i c i n t i m a , were compared w i t h t h o s e of p l a s m a low d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n s ( L D L ) . Homogenates of g r o s s l y normal i n t i m a and advanced atherosclerotic l e s i o n s were subjected t o differential ultracentrifugation t o i s o l a t e a d - - 1 . 0 0 6 - 1 . 0 6 3 g / m l d e n s i t y fraction which was extensively characterized. Our initial studies s u g g e s t that a l t h o u g h a o r t i c fractions are s i m i l a r t o LDL b y certain criteria, some differences observed are more pronounced infractions from l e s i o n s than from normal i n t i m a . REGULATION OF BODY CHOLESTEROL POOLS. INFLUENCE OF CHOLESTEROL INPUT AND EXCRETION IN AN ANIMAL MODEL. S. R o b i n s and A. R u s s o (Dept. of M e d . , Veterans A d m i n . H o s p . B o s t o n , MA) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 573, 343-53 (1979). B i l i a r y cholesterol excretion closely parallels l e c i t h i n excretion i n the rat and may be increased b y feeding an excess of choline and decreased b y choline deficiency. T o determine the relative influence of cholesterol i n p u t and excretion o n w h o l e b o d y cholesterol m e t a b o l i s m , we have measured b y compartmental analysis r a t e s of cholesterol transport and pool sizes when b o t h i n p u t and choline-mediated biliary excretion were increased and diminished. T h u s , i n t h i s m o d e l , cholesterol excretion and t i s s u e d e p o s i t i o n were reciprocally related, a n d , regardless of p l a s m a cholesterol concentration and cholesterol i n p u t , stores were f o u n d t o increase only when biliary excretion was impaired. STRUCTURE OF MEMBRANE LIPIDS AND PHYSICO-BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE FROM THERMOPLASMA ACIDOPHILUM, ADAPTED TO GROWTH AT 3 7 ° C . L.L. Yang a n d A. Haug (MSU-DOE P l a n t Res. L a b . , Michigan S t a t e U n i v . , East L a n s i n g , MI) Biochim. Biophys. A c t a 573, 308-20 (1979). Thermoplasma acidophilum, a myeoplasma-like o r g a n i s m , grows o p t i m a l l y at 5 6 ° C and pH 2. T h e l o w t e m perature extreme of growth i s 37°C. T h e p l a s m a membrane of cells grown at 37°C was isolated and characterized physico-

J. A M . O I L C H E M I S T S ' S O C . , N o v e m b e r 1979 ( V O L . 56)

ABSTRACTS:

D R Y I N G OILS A N D P A I N T S

biochemically. T h e l i p i d structures were elucidated b y combined gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, direct probe m a s s spectroscopy and ~C N M R . There is a c l o s e correlation between membrane fluidity and physiological functioning of t h i s membrane-bound enzyme. V A L I D A T I O N Or A P R O C E D U R E F O R E X O G E N O U S ISOTOPIC L A B E L I N O O F LIPOPROTEIN TRIGLYCERIDE W I T H RADIOACTIVE TRIOLEIN. C.J. Fielding (Cardiovascular Res. Inst., Univ. of California Afed.

Center, S a n Francisco, CA) Bioohim. Biophys. Acta 573, 25565 (1979). A procedure has been developed for the exogenous i s o t o p i c labeling of triglyceride-rich l i p o p r o t e i n s (chylomicrons and very low d e n s i t y ]ipoproteins) u s i n g h i g h specific a c t i v i t y radioactive triglyceride i n the presence of aqueous d i m e t h y l sulfoxide. T h e labeled product l i p o p r o t e i n s showed unchanged chemical and physical properties. U s i n g such labeled l i p o proteins i t has been shown that uptake of remnant l i p o p r o t e i n cholesteryl ester and triglyceride b y the liver i s s i m u l t a n e o u s . T h e labeling procedure described s h o u l d prove s u i t a b l e for k i n e t i c studies of the d i s p o s i t i o n of the various l i p o p r o t e i n non-polar ('core') lipids. EVIDENCE FOR THE USE OF A FOOL OF THE FREE A R A C I I I D O N I C A C I D I N R A T C E R E B R A L C O R T E X TISSUE FOR PROSTAGLANDIN 1~2a SYNTHESIS IN VITRO. J . M a r i o n , H.M. P a p p i u s and L S. W o l f e (Donner Lab. of E x p . Neurochem., Montreal Neurological I n s t . , M c G i l l U n i v . , 3801 U n i v . St., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 573, 229-37 (1979). T o determine i f the arachidonic acid which is released p o s t mortem in rat cerebral cortex is directly available for the i n v i t r o s y n t h e s i s of prostaglandin F~, cerebral cortex slices or homogenates were incubated i n the presence of [~lqs] arachidonic acid. The deuterium t o p r o t l u m ratios i n the prostaglandin F:~ were compared to t h o s e in the free arac h i d o n l c acid and other l i p i d s of the t i s s u e a f t e r 5 and 60 m i n of i n c u b a t i o n . The results i n d i c a t e that exogenous and endogenous arachidonlc acid do n o t mix appreciably i n the intact slice and that the prostaglandin s y n t h e t a s e i s present on the damaged surface as well as the intact interior of the slice. K I N E T I C S A N D MECHANIS]~I O F P H O S P H A T I D Y L C H O L / N E A N D CH0LESTEROL EXCIIANGE B E T W E E N S I N G L E B I L A Y E R VESICLES A N D BOVINE S E R U M IIIGI~[-DENSITY LIFOPROTEIN. A. J o n a s a n d G.T.

Maine (Dept. of Biochem., Sch]. of B a s i c Med. Set.. U n i v . of I l l i n o i s , Urbana, IL) Biochemistry 18, 1722-8 (1979). W e invcstlgated the exchange of ] i p i d s between sonieated, s i n g l e bilayer vesicles containing egg p h o s p h a t i d y l c h o l l n e and cholesterol i n a molar ratio o f 2 : 1 and bovine serum h i g h d e n s i t y ]ipoproteln, free of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase a c t i v i t y . R e s u l t s i n d i c a t e that there is n o net transfer of ] i p i d s under our experimental colzditions. A l ] of the v e s i c l e cholesterol is exchangeable, with a radiolabel exchange half-life of 1 h 8 rain. I-'FLUOROVITAMIN

Ds~ A V I T A M I N D s A N A L O G U E M O R E ACTIVE O N

BONE-CALCIUM MOBILIZATION THAN ON INTESTINAL CALCIUM TRANSPORT. d'.L. N a p o l l , M.A. ~ivlzzanl, H.K. Schnocs and H . F . DeLuca (Dept. of Biochem., College of Agr. and Life Sot., 17niv. of Wisconsin-Madlson, M a d i s o n , WI) Biochemistry 18, 1641-6 (1979). The chemical synthesis, spectral characterizatlon, and biological a c t i v i t y of 1-fluorovltamin Ds are described. T h e t i t l e compound was synthesized through direct fluorination of l a - h y d r o x y v i t s m l n D, 3/~-acetate and characterized b y u]travlolet, nuclear m a g n e t i c resonance, and m s s s spectroscopy. Therefore, relative t o v i t a m i n D~, l-fluorovitamin D3 demonstrates at least partial selectivity for m e d i a t i n g calcium m e t a b o l i s m i n bone as opposed t o m e d i a t i n g calcium m e t a b o l i s m i n intestine. /~-OXIDATION OF THE COENZYME A ESTERS OF ELAIDIC~ OLEIc2 AND STEARIC ACIDS AND THEIR FULL-CYCLE INTERMEDIATES BY RAT HEART MITOCHONDRIA. L.D. Lawson and F . A . Kummerow (Burnsides Res. L a b . , U n i v . of Illinois, Urbana, IL) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 573, 245-54 (1979). fl-Oxidation r a t e s for the CoA esters of elaidic, o l e i c and stearic acids and t h e i r fullcycle fl-oxidation intermediates and for the carnitine eslers of o l e i c and c l a i d i c acids were compared over a wide r a n g e of s u b s t r a t e and a l b u m i n concentrations i n rat h e a r t mitochondria. It was concluded that the slower o x i d a t i o n r a t e of e l a l d i c acid i s n o t due t o slower o x i d a t i o n of any of i t s full-cycle fl-oxidation intermediates, nor t o slower a c t i v i t y of f a t t y acy]CoA dehydrogenase, nor t o outer mitochondrial carnltine a c y l transferase. P o s s i b l e explanations t o account for the slower o x i d a t i o n r a t e of e l a i d i c acid are discussed. J, AM. OIL CHEMISTS' SOC., November 1979 (VOL. 56)

ABSORBABILITY

OF PLANT STEROLS AND THEIR D I S T R I B U T I O N I N Bhattacharyya and L.A. Lopez (Dept. of P a t h . , Louisiana S t a t e U n i v . Med. Center, New Orleans, LA) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 574, 146-53 (1979). R a b b i t s were fed a low cholesterol diet containing 2% p l a n t sterols for 10 weeks t o determine the absorbability of t h e s e sterols and t h e i r d e p o s i t i o n i n the tissues. Campesterol was the preponderant sterol i n a l l tissues s t u d i e d , i n c l u d i n g the aorta. S i t o s t e r o l was f o u n d i n s m a l l a m o u n t s i n the tissues of the abdominal organs. S t i g m a s t e r o l was n o t detected i n any t i s s u e s t u d i e d . Esterified campesterol and s i t o s t e r o l were detected i n t r a c e a m o u n t s i n m o s t tissues. Campesterol and sitosterol, particularly the former, accumulated i n the t i s s u e s i n c l u d i n g the aorta.

R A B B I T TISSUES. A.K.

• D r y i n g Oils and P a i n t s WATER-DISPERSIBLE URETHANE POLYESTERAMmE COATINGS FROM U~SEEU 0IL. W . J . Schneider and L.E. G a s t . J . Coatings Tech. 50 No 646, 76-81 (1978). W a t e r - d i s p e r s i b l e coatings were prepared from products of the a m i n o l y s l s reaction of linseed oil and diethanolamine, p o l y b a s i c acid anhydrides and tolylene d i i s o c y a n a t e b y a s i m p l e r and more economical m e t h o d than conventional alkyd processes. Low reaction temperatures and rapid a i r d r y i n g , for m o s t u s e s , characterise t h e s e c o a t i n g s . They are hard, g l o s s y and e x h i b i t moderate t o good chemical and s o l v e n t resistance. ( W o r l d Surface C o a t i n g s Abs. N o . 444) R E S I N S FROM S U N F L O W E R S E E D O I L M O D I F I E D W I ' P ~ R U B B E R B A S E D Oiq PIPERYLENE. "V.A. Bukhareva, Y u . Perevezentsev,

L.V.

K o s m o d e m ' y a n s k i i and O.P.

Radoman.

Lakokras.

Mat.

fldvertlzerf Index A m e r i c a n S o y b e a n Association - C o v e r 3 A r m s t r o n g Engineering Associates - 704A B a k e r P e r k i n s - 703A C a m b r i a n Engineering G r o u p - 696A C h e m a p e c - 708A C h e m e t r o n P r o c e s s E q u i p m e n t - 707A C.M. Bernardini S . p . A . - C o v e r 2 CVC P r o d u c t s - 686A D r a v o Corporation - 673A Electrolyser C o r p o r a t i o n - 681A E l l i o t t A u t o m a t i o n C o . - 701A EMI Corporation - 703A Extraction De Smet - 683A F e l d & Hahn G m b H - 688A F r a n z Kirchfeld G m b H - 713A F r a t e l l i G i a n a z z a S . p . A . - 6 7 6 A , 677A F r e n c h O i l Mill M a c h i n e r y - 685A Grindsted P r o d u c t s - 695A Hans V e t t e r Maschinenfabrik - 704A H a r s h a w Chemical C o . - 709A H . L . S . , L t d . - 691A HumKo-Sheffield - 679A K o n t e s - 712A K r u p p I n d u s t r i e u n d S t a h l b a u - 692A Lurgi Apparate-Technik - 699A G. M a z z o n i S . p . A . - 677A ( S D & C ) R o s k a m p M a n u f a c t u r i n g - 711A R u s t Engineering - C o v e r 4 S i m o n - R o s e d o w n s , L t d . - 768A S u e d - C h e m i c - 700A Wurster & S a n g e r - 6 8 7 A

877A

A B S T R A C T S : D R Y I N G OILS A N D P A I N T S 1978(3), 6 0 - 2 . A wide r a n g e of t h e s e resins and p a i n t s b a s e d o n them were syntheslsed and t e s t e d . T h e r a t e of drying of the films was shown t o be increased b y u s i n g a structured polymer of divinylbenzene w i t h piperylene and butadlene. It is p o i n t e d o u t that the c o n s u m p t i o n of natural materials i n p a i n t s can be reduced b y increasing the variety of s y n t h e t i c oils, u s i n g butadiene/piperylene rubber emulsions as modifying s o l v e n t oils for s y n t h e t i c r e s i n s . ( W o r l d Surface C o a t i n g s Abs. No. 443) W A T E R V A P O U R PERMEABILIT'¥ IN'I~LITEIq' C E OF S U B S'PRATIg : STUDIES ON" ALg~I~D R E S I N VARNISI:IES. ]~. Charreton. Bull du CERIPF, C 49, 5 1 - 7 9 (]978). T h e presence of a substrate permeable to w a t e r vapour, such as cellophane, lowers the value of the permeability eoefficlent of varnishes of various types to a degree dependent on the degree of fllm/substrate interaction. Nevertheless, m e a s u r e m e n t s carried out on a substrafe are justified, particularly for their convenience. T h e w a t e r v a p o u r permeability o f alkyd resin varnish films dep e n d s o n the nature of the oil, the oil length and a b o v e all the film thickness. Permeabl]ity increases with oll length, a n d the lowest value w a s obtained with a short oil tall oil alkyd. ( W o r l d Surface C o a t i n g s Abs. N o . 444)

!

~

(Iosslfied FIE

THE

C H E S T E R E N G I N E E R S

PROCESS r TECHNOLOGIST Hunt-Wesson Foods, a leading national food processing company headquartered in Southem California, i s s e e k i n g an analytical, creative, and self.motivated P r o c e s s Technologist f o r our edible oil Refinery Operations Group. You will become directly involved in conducting experiments, evaluating results, and developing n e w vegetable oil p r o c e s s e s and p r o c e s s operations in our p i l o t plant. Furthermore, you will provide data s u p p o r t i n g proposed p r o c e s s improvements and act as s u p p o r t t o field refineries. A BS degree in Chemical Engineering i s pref e r r e d with 2 + y e a r s p r o c e s s o r pilot plant experience. Excellent oral and written c o m m u n i c a t i o n s s k i l l s are essential. W e offer a salary commensurate with experience, a comprehensive benefits package and an excellent w o r k i n g environment. Please s u b m i t your resume, including s a l a r y history, in complete confidence to: Katherine C. VanDeuseo Staffing Administrator

~

UO ND T-W ES SON FH O S,IN C.

E N V I R O N M E N T A L ENGINEERS A N D PLANNERS DESIGN • R E S E A R C H • S T U D I E S Math Office: 845 Fourth Ave.. CorlopOlis. PA 15108 Regional Offices: Kinsston, PA 18704 • West Chester, PA 19380 Atlanta, GA3034I • Ann Arbor. MI 48104 Nashville. TN 37212

1 6 4 5 W. Valencia Drive Fullerton, C A 9 2 6 3 4

An Equal Opportunity EmlJfoyer M/F

PROJECTMANAGER

S U R P L U S . . . U S E D . . . AND REBUILT PROCESS EQUIPMENT... FOR THE EDIBLE OIL INI)USTRY. PURCHASE AND SALE OF EQUIPMENT. CONSU LTATION. "ZEKE" ZEHNDER

I)uMond C o m p a n y . i n c . Watterson City Office Bldg. - Suite702 Louisville, KY 40218 -- S02/451-3901

ASSISTANT

PROFESSOR, FLAVOR

CHEMISTRY

Applications are invited f o r a non-tenured Assistant Professor o f Food Science f o r research in Flavor Chemistry and supervision o f an interphased GC-Mass Spectrometer. Candidates should possess operation and interpretation o f Mass Spectromatry. Must have strong background in food, organic, and physical chemistry. T h e appointment will be f o r one year, grant funded, with a salary o f $16,793. Closing date for receipt o f applications i s December 31, 1979, o r until position i s filled. Applications with curriculum vitae, transcripts and names o f three references should be sent t o Dr. H e n r y k D a u m , Chairman o f Search Committee, Department o f Food Science, Cook College/Rutgers University, P.O. Box 231, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903.

Responsible for proposal preparations, process design and project equipment. Over five years experience in one or more o f the following fields required: Oilseed extraction and protein derivatives oil processing, f a t t y acid processing, glycerine refining. Good engineering skills combined with technical writing ability in English. Will be involved in sales. Experience can be in the design or operation o f fat or oilrelated process plants. Job offers unlimited potential. Contact: Box 249, American Oil Chemists' Society, 508 S. Sixth Street, Champaign, I L 61820. TROUBLE-SHOOTING SPECIALIST

Specialize in solving manufacturing problems. We have outstanding t r a c k record of turning around a large Fats & O i l s refinery in Midwest, resulting in significant improvement in cost per u n i t due to correction o f plan.t problems such as labor, supervision, yield, quality, sanitation, energy usage, preventive maintenance and customer shipments. I f you can use our services f o r anyone of the problems o r the entire plant operation, please contact us. Shein and Associates 1800 Island Drive, Suite 201 Fullerton, C A 92633 (714) 738-6417 Q U A L I T Y CONTROL SUPERVISOR

REQUIREMENTS B.S. chemistry. M i n i m u m 5 yrs. experience in f a t t y acids, edible o i l s o r related fats and oils. For Manufacturing operation located in large metro area, east coast. Must be aggressive individual. Excellent salary and fringe benefits. Forward resume to: Box 248, American Oil Chemists' Society, 508 S. Sixth Street, Champaign, I L 61820.

A n equal opportunlty/aJ~lrmative action employer. 878A

J. AM. OIL CHEMISTS' SOC., November 19"/9 (VOL, 56)