Booka'eriews

Th. W~(~)m~.~ SC~AFFUNG AI~TENREICHEl~ MAG~RVr AUY ST~ASSENDOSCHUNGEN E~ignmag yon versehiedencm Saatgut fur die ~cwsehafftmg ~te,sobrometum-~rtiger Btmtfi~ade. ]Ei~ Umf*.rsuchung in der No~dschw~z. ~erSffe~t[ichxmgen d e s ~eobo~anlsche~ I n s t i t u t e s der Eidg. Techn. ld[ochsehule, S ~ i f t ~ g ~ltihel~ irx Ziiimich 1984., J-~e~ 82: t - - 1 0 4 , t.1 Tab., 27 Abb, (incl, Photo). 9 Dis A,'beir die in den J a h r e n 1980--1983 entstsmden war, Ste11~ eln t~sispieJ der aagewa.ndt.e~ Geohot.anik fiir die Frazds dar. ~ s sind bier die m o d e r n e n statis~ischen Methoden mir den Met_hoden dsr klassisc}~en pilanzensoziologische~ Schule vsrb~mden. Der Verfasser studlerte dos P~ooblem ~uf dref Lok,flir (St,rassenbSschtmgen) iti der ~ordsehweiz. Auf diesen Ve.rsue~sfl/i.chen win'den vier l~asenmisehungen oaf i h ~ Eignung zur Sohaffung v~n An~ropobioi~open u~te]'sucht. Dic Arbeit cnthfilt die allgcmeincm D a t e n (Einlcltung u~d Problemstolhmg, Versnchse,no lags m~d Methode~a), ~tilzgeb~isse, Diskusslan, Schlussfolgertmg und LiVeratur. Die Methad~m mav.h*~ gufr~xcrksam atlf die V e g e t a t i o ~ a u f m a h m e n , bodenku~dllche Methoden u~d sta~istischc Auswe~ttmg. Dot naehste Tell ftihrt die Ergebuisse yon Bodena.nglysen -- Skelet.t~ Korug~Ozsenvort~!hmg, organ~sche Subs~vmg, Bodeareaktion, K a r b o n a t , Natmstoffo, Ka~ionen m i d OrdL'3at.io~ der Bodenp~'oben an. A u f etwa ~ Sett~n w~rde dis Vegetation der Straazenb6schun~n anal w~erb (VerS~xder~mgen des Gesazntde.~u~gsg~.ades u n d der Mo0sdeckung, Diversltg~, An'~v,il der ~[zobe~xqfo.rs.n,~nund AJate~le r o d G r ~ e r n , Krgtu+~rn nnd I ~ g u m i n o s e n w~d Artem~ gefii~). B e t pflan~zensozioIogische Vergleich n~it M e s o b r o m e t u m - und Arrt~enatherstum-Art, s ~ , bzwo G~se!ise~hafton ~'sL durcahgefQhr~. I n dot Dfsknssion wurde der Sukzcssior~vorlunf in d~n ]~o~trollflfi,c~.~.n~ di(," Bedeuttmg dot l~Sdcn uttd d~r ~*'scamischtmg~n t ~ d Sc3a~ffurrg y o n ~3rs'atzbiogotmn ange.g_c,ben. Vom Bftdteil zind die t~bcnsformspekCr(:n tier verscklcdenen Vege*~atiessbypen tier BS~chtmgon, welter die Verii~der~ngen im Artengeffige trod die Frequenzon des A r t e n sohr interessant. I n der LiteraCnr w e r d s n tiber 10G A n g a b e n angoPdhr~. D;e Arbei~ Jst dos gute Ergebsds a u f deru Gebiet. der ~nodernen Gsobot,~nlk. Sie zelgt die weitgretfende Ananutzung in der L a n d e s p l a n s a g und im Natursehutz, Jlfd Ko~.~z

O. ,T•

(ed.)

APPLICATION

OF

VEGETATION'

SCIEI~-C~]

TO

~ORESTRY

H a n d b o o k o f veget.at~on scAe~.c(~, Part X I I , Dr W. ,.l~d~ Pub]ishcr~, TI~: I~agt~z, Bosto~ and London 1982, 405 pp. The iia.ndbook of Yegct.~Mon Science, stm~cd b y ~o "l'itX~N, and now e~llted b y Ig. L ; m ' ~ presents in its ] 2 t h Volnrne a survey of ~he present knowledge of vegeta.tiou science ~pplied ~ foreztry ~n diffe~m~ eount.r~es. The~'e is some .~strictisn to r~gim~.s whe.,,~ forestry opcrgt~s ~nder oondi~ioDs s~r~jl~r ~-o ~hos(~ o f ~h," nort-hcrn hcmisph~rc. G. JA~N deserves grcafs respect for her eno~n~ous work ~xl cdltlng this volume. The way frt w h i c h she p r e s e n t s the maC~rlal reflects the d i i t ~ n t , goals, methods, and problems ia Shose.

log

Ir

~:OBOTAN/CA ElF PF[3TTOTAX0-N0]D_ICA i1. l~gg

coun~,ries 9.-urn w h i c h co~atribut.Jotm are ka~ludud. I u its a p p t i c ~ i o r t ~o forestry, Veg~Lation .Science M s a.cqxtlred grea~ pra.ctieaI i m p o r t a n c e , nKoreo~ner, wi~h tkis v o l u ~ e ~ new e f f o ~ has beer. made t~ evmIAebe the. ktv~dbook of VegeSa.tioa Science. Ln tile im~toduction, G..J&sJ~ p r e s e n t s some genera] thoaghts about ~he epplieabion of v e g e t a t i o n scie~se t a forestry, a n d a sm'vcy of t}.~e ]N'ese~t level o f ~ o w l e d g o i~ vegota~,ion ~ / e a e e ~r,d ~ a ~Ig~ifieaue~ far r The Look eo~tMns f+durli~cn paDers: (1) V~,'gct.atiou scAt+nee arid f o r e s t r y i n Caaada b y :N[. l~I. ~:~ANDWJ~m acad ]~'. V A ~ O A ~ s , (2) Conifcmug affo,-ealbatio~ in ,Is.pa.n a.~d plaxtt s~eiology b y ~V~.UsuI, (3) Tile Al~4of.v~i~n fbro's~s by g . (~. Ur~oI~..xCz, (&) The applieg$ion of phydo~oeioJ e E r t.o forestry in Aushria b y l<. Zv~nm,% (5) Fot~,~gr'y ~md ecologieul rr~appiug in 13elgium b y 5. I ~ o ~ i s ~ g and A. GALOVX, ([31 ~ o r e s t t y p o l o g y i n Czechoslovakia b y D. I%kXD~KA, (7) Th0 application of phytos~ci~logy in forest managem~n~ in t h e Federal tLepnblic o f (:lerm~ny b y g . G z s s s n s n ~ (S) Applie:~'don e l vcg~tagiou science ~o t o ~ a t r y i~x F i n l a n d b y F. M ~ o ~ . .{9) The re!aLio~ship bet~veetl tLu,~ga~'ian r resemveh a~d v o g e t a ~ o u r~se*keeh by ] [ . . ~ a -~ODY a.ud Pc d.'2~L,cs, (~0) Pbytosoeiologu and f o r e s t ~ i~ I t a l y b y A, 1Xor~rAxx, (ll} Applieatio~ of phytosccioiogy in r e v e l r y ~'n Yugoslz~via b y )3. ?c"ugAPa~,% (12) Application of veg~taiioa ~ei+nc~ t e forestry i~ The 2qebtmrlands b y G. Sxsa~~r(lI~, ( L~] FoD0s5 t y p e s a n d thcix appliea~iou in forestry ira Norway b y J. KIEI~kND-L JKD, and, (1.4) On the a p p l i e a t i a a ~f vegefiati~n science Swis~ for~.stry .Sy I-1. J~IrN~?C+~TT. The book shows how vegc,lgIfon seieno+e ~rogressed. front pm'dl~ flor~tic da~Mff0atfo~ ~o :a dassi-tieation haere,~ingly ecological in. n~t,ure. Numerou~ concepts ~md prae~ie~ oxen)pies for its application are presattted. The prachical s,ppl/cation of t.oday's knowledge depexids on oxis~iu.g eondit.ions in the individual rxruntrics. Pm~e a.~d applivxt research i~ N~eoming move .~r~dmore multi-disciplinary. C o m p ~ e r sciences, ~rernot,e scn~ing, modeling trod d a t a pzoccssixg a*~ l ~ l i c v c d to ma -1~5 "v-ege~ati~u s n o r e s a Inlt q'a~!/ty t~o] for the forester in big ettbrt t o m a i n t a i n ~md develop e c o s y s t e m s dem~D~ed b~ t ~ e s arid t h e i r phytloee~osis. ,[AJgOgL&v DOD~'t

~ [ . ~ . Z~r~E~a&N_-N

XYLEM ST'glYCTUI~E A N D TKE ASCENT OF SAF .St2rln.ger ~ r i e s :in Wood SCitm~, Ed, q", E. 'lmintcll, Yu[. 1, S]}ringrer=Vd~Itl3 Berlin. Heidelberg :New "Y'erk, 'l'okyo 1983, 143 ~p., fi6 Figs. Th~s 'book ina.ugurates the Spr• Set.io.r ":n Wood ~ciene+c, The ediLor'~ preface givea th, 9r ~ d e x information, on ~,he scope of t l ~ series, which a,ims to ~vaw a t t e a t i o n t o wood, oat', of ~h most ~t.~ma~blc and useful of ~" natllra[ ma~r/aXs. All aapec,~s of wood solene~ and ~ee}tnolog' will k~.: eon.~idm:ed. Topics wJU include the, struet-m~ oY wend and ba~'k ~nd t l ~ c h e m i s t r y t h e n v~riens eomp~;nen~s, t,he physical ai~t nmeh~nieM properties ~f wood, i ~ formaMon aa ~iod+gradaLion, t h e p r e c e d i n g of foL~st 1ozoduzt~, %he u~iliz~t.ion, of the tbrea~ b i o m a w , and th ~,~r,f~x~u~e of pulp and paper. Z ~ D r ~ s A S ~ ' s b o o k coasists of sew~. chaptsr~: (1] Cond~cting U a i t s : %k,~eheids an Vt~ssels, (2} ~he Vessel= Not, work in the Stem, (3} The Cohesiort T h e o r y nf SaD Ancmt~, (4=) q'ln tJ_ydraulic ArchiteCtUre of plmats, (8) Ov!u~'r $'~netioual Adaptat4ons, (g) F~iluro *~:a~ 'qSex~e~ 9oenc~" af X y i o m F t m e t i o n , (71 Vatl~>~ogy of ~he X y l e m . L~ t,his book the author p~esents u.n exeell~xt survey of knowledge of the x y l e m sLruegt~: from Lb~ pein~ of ~riew of wager condao,~in~ gh2oaghaut the p]a,~t, Moeeover, he gives the rea& ~ npFortunit.y to follow the ferm~a,Sio~ of new ideas axed bheories or~ problem s of '% se~:d2ng'*, w~tcr s$ora~" in t h e xylan ~, b y eapilla.rit,y, "poMhiv~-pressurn x y l e m ~', etc. T h e ~ a~ p l e n t y of in~rest;ing SlVeCulag[o~3s. T h . a~thcw points t o t h e need Joe m o ~ c~:1~rimenta~ e , donee, q2his volume is a t y p i c a l " i d e a " book t h a t Sties to build a bridge b e t w e e n t h e s t u d y ar~ e f sg~e~t:d~e ~-nd tb~tt of fuJaeti~n. An i n ~ r e s t i n g p a r t o f tile b o o k on. w~)twood fo~mabioxx in K,'s came to m y m i n d whe~ ~gki~ .ear<~s o f A b i e a rsgigio~a w i t h m y i~'fe~deau friends last a u t ~ n n . Wc h~ppened t o bore g~t~s w~s et~rprisingly high prussuro o f liquid in. ~he hegrbwood cove. On~. of tim uores, of 12 m m

~,OOK~:VIEWS

1,07

diame~cr~ was e v e n p r o j e c t e d f r o m t h e b o r e r ~gainst m y chest w i t h gre~t force a n d a g~ea+~ a.maunl~ s f ~he liquid g u s h e d out. /s m y o p i n i o n t h e book is s a c o f tl~e b e s t p u b l i s h e d on t h c topic, i t gives t h e r e a d e r m a ~ y su.gges$ions i n f u n c t i o n a l x y l e m a n a t o m y w h i c h is d e v e l o p i n g into ~ e x c i t i n g n e w field o f ,[A~0SLZV D 0 m ~

~ . l~ol~aT~ur3z, F. L. ltr~tJE~ a n d L MET~SA (Eds.) BIOLOG5 ~ A~D OREMISTI~Y OF :PLANT TIglC1c~O]~ES ~r(meedings o f a S y m p o s i u m o n Biology ~nd C h e m i s t r y o f X)lant T r i c h o m e s , held J u i y 11 -- 16~ 19{gO in Va.rzcouver, C~aada Plemm.~ Press, N e w Y o r k altd L o n d o n 1984, 255 pp., 156 Figs§ 21 Tabs., Px'ic~) 39.50 U S dol. K n o w l e d g e o~oncer~ng t h e s ~ e t a u r e a d d fuDetion of p l a n t t>riehomes is t h e s u b j e c t o f ever *cider s.nd m o ~ , ~omptex i a t e r e s t b o t h a m o n g b o t a n i s t s a n d chemists specializing i a n a t u r a l s~absta~tces aud t h e i r ftmction i~ orgs.nisms, T r i c h o m e s con~sdn c o m p o u n d s o f mgmy dittbren~ strucl.uvos a n d p r o p e r t i e s , mad t o a ee.~ain e x t e n t t h e y t a k e p a r t i n t h e raecha~ioal, but~ m a i P / y r d e f e n c c o f t h e plants against n n f a v o u r a b l e climatic a n d eeologiea.l effects. The ch~micsk compoxmds o f predorv.;na~tly t c r p o n l c stud phenotic n a t u r e , w h i c h are produe~ed, a c e u m u latez~ e n d a x c r e t e d b y t r i c h o m e s , ~epresenf. am. eflbctive d e f e n c e msdnly agagnst i n s e c t h e r b i vores~ 'rbe v a r i e t y o f t h e x%mctJons o f t h e c o m p o t m d s from tricLom~s led s c i e n t i s t s to i n t e n s i v e biological a n d c h e m i c a l investig:~tions whie3~ have recxmt.ly a s s u m c d a t y p i c a l i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y char~cter. Ttds is obvious from a. groat n m n b e s o f origim~l p a p e r s a n d s e v e r a l n~view articles .doMing w i t h t h e biology o.r c h e m i s t r y o f t r i e h e m e s , and. to ~he full e x t e n t b y t h e b o o k n o w u n d e r review. ~_fhe, b o o k is ~. eolh;ct.iou o f c o m m u n i c a t i o n s p r e s e n t e d at t h e S y m p o s i u m on Biology a~td C-~cmistry o f P l a n t T r i e h o m n s i n V a n c o u v e r in J u l y 1980, g~t a j o i n t session o f t h e B o t a a i e a i Societies o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d Camrdu. The i n t e r d i s e i ~ H n a r y c o n i n g o f t h e book, w i t h n b a l a n c e d r a t i o o f biological a n d chemical informs.lion is t h e r e s u l t o f t h e ingention o f ~he :symposkam organizers and the editors of ~his book, inflUOused by such rep~esentatlves of preseDta d a y p b y t e c h e m f s t r y , eher~tosystematie, a.nd shelDieal ecology, as P r o f . ~t2~ls~Y o f tim ~ / n i v e r s i t y o f T e x a s , A u s t i n , aud Prof. ~.o,)g,av~zz o f t h e L-rdve~i+,y o f California, Ixviae. The papers b y h,dividus2 mat.hers, ~ l c e t e d a.ecording t o specific aspee%s o f t.heir r e s e a r c h o n plaD.~ %richomos, are c o m p r i s e d i n e i g h t e2mplmrs. T h e iirsC c h a p t e r (I:L D. 13EnNXS) disetusses t h e s t r u c t u r e , ul.trastruct~z,~ a n d general t e r m l n d o g y o f p l a - ~ t r i e h o m e s , inelud/ng f o u c t i o n a l , d e v e l o p m e n t a l a n d ~ x o t t o m i c a s p e c t s a~id sspe~X.s o f t.richome-bact~rfa inter~mtion in leaf t i p s of Dir)svorea maeroura. T h e n e x t c b ~ p t e r (by four atithoi's o1' i ~ d i ~ n a U n i v e r s i t y ) suinnlarizos k n o w l e d g e conc~crning t h e S~rnctum, d e v d o p l n e n t a n d eorriposition o f gls.nd~au" t r i e h o m e s of C a n n a b i s 8ar ]3oth chap%err eontai~z a u a m b e r o f v e r y good p h o t o g r a p h s of She s t r u c t u r e s a n d micrt..soopie ultrastru.e~u_~es, as wet] as g r a p h s a n d fables. Tbe t h i r d chapt, er (E. "Wo]~r.~lxwI~sx~) sm'veys the con~ent o f ilgvonoids e x c r e t e d b y t r i e h o m e s irt s e l e c t e d pla.nts, a n d discusses t h e i r possible use for s y s t e m a t i c i m p l i c a t i o n o f Pop~d~z~, z2esc~du~, Pityrograrnzr~ a.nd some ottmr t a x a . A f u r t h e r t,wo d ~ p t e r s b y a~tghors f r o m C a n a d a a n d California giv(~ s. s u r v e y of t h e hist,.ml~mistry n f t:t'iehomes, o f t h e p h y s i o l o g y a n d cellular bt~sis o f t h e secretion o f t r i c h o m e s , again d o c u m e n t e d b y seve~M good _.~..cm'dsobtained by scanning electron nde.rossopy/ The snbsequeD~ chapter (J. E R X ~ m ~ G ~ ) concerns the ecology and ecophysiology of lea.l'pubescence in North American desm4 plan~. The Igst two extcnMve chapters, repre~nging almost hslf t~he book, ar~ contributions f r o m p h y t o c h o m i e ~ i a n d bioc.hemiesl l a b o r a t o r i e s f r o m t h e U S A a n d ~hey p~asen% a sm-vey o f t h e presence c~f nlono-, ses(:lul- a n d di~erFenoids in g l a n d u l a r triohome8, a n d o f t-belt biosy~%hes/s. 's .is d e m o i x s t r a t e d in severM d i a g r a m s o f t h e p a t h w a y s o f t h e f o n n a t l o u o f 5ndividual get,uM st~.uet,Ac~]types of the sv.:bst.a~;~. Of course, in the m~jo,'i%y of ea~s they r ~ p ~ o n t g0ners/IF gcsepted ideas oD tb~ gssumed biosyni.heses of terpenolds. The~ seexmd of t h e chemical eh~ph~.rs 2s th~ :mo~e valuable one. It dcmls with the ehemist.ry and biologieM ~eg[~Z%y of %he ehcmlc~l c o m p o n e n t s o f p t ~ n t t r i o h o m e seeretions. I t is m a i n I y focused o n their inseetleided, repellen~

11)8

~o'LTA ~]~0BOTANICA "~T PII~T(ITAX(INOMN?A 21, 2988,

and feeding d e ~ r r e n ~ activity. It ~ s o p ~ e n t s t ~bles of ~he structures of ~crpenaid and phenoHe eompoul~ds, th(fir oeeurrDnee in indfvid~.,rol speeies~ and tgbles of the~e eomponr~dg w { ~ suJ've3~. of t h e i r affects t o g e t h e r w i t h lists of the i n s e r t species on which ~hey a.eS. All t~he ctmp~crS m~ d o e ~ : n t ~ . d ~uy ex~e],sivs lisCs of ref~,renee~ oaad t h e book is ?,ermin~t~ed b y ~hc oblfgagory subject, index. Tim book {s ehar0,ctevjssd b y goofl q u i i t y prh~ti~g~ m a i n l y in ~hc case of ehe~ztieal forlnul~e and e.xtens~ve dia~',~nlS, tables aaxd n~mkerous p h o t o g r a p h s . Thi~ book briDgs ga.lllabls N*d systematical ly processed i~xtbrma.~kra
13o J, M _ ~ i z ~ x Y T~GX'ICAL

IIAIN FOREST

-~OOLOGY

Blaekie and Son KAmCtcd, Glo~gow e n d Lou.d~Jn 1959, 155 pp, 18 }?Jgs, ~ o l o g y becomes increasingly e o m p ] ~ and overloaded b y ~11m0ra~s New far.go, q:he presen~ stat~ of knowledge makes difficulty for ma.~y !eegure~s who muSt condense t h e e~s~nt~ls of t h s h ' subject within a limited m u s t e r of]croons. Blankio and Son L i m i t e d , t h e Glasgow p~bUshers, s~eee~i~ely pr~dnee a sstle~ of tex-~hoo]ks dovctc.-t t o She m o s t d~-nam~c fmtd~ of biology. Ce~led "Te~im-y Level Biology'*, t h i s series ~s designed for s t u d e n t s at the undargr~duato 1o~l a~td f~3r ~peeialiW, s ~n other bramches of biology who require a [n'ief i n t r o d u e ~ o ~ ~o t h e z~&Sghbo.-rxiegfields o f science, Our o f the ~ec~,ntly pnb]ished volumes rSfcr.~ go t-epics.1 ~Orcs~. and, indeed~ b Js w o r t h reviewiug. Dr. 2x_~a3.e~.~.~.~, lec~m~r ~D pls.nt r e c t o r y a~ ~be U~vsrsiby of 0 ~ f s ~ t , compiled a eo~sisten~ ov.-;rxu'ew ~.f eeo!ogie~l leb(wmat~o~ trio,ted ~o t h e d~m{~.~t bi~m~.' o5 eh~ b~xmjd t~opieg the ~ r o p l e s / r a i n fores~. As ~; tegeher, ~t~'. a~vhor wag wsll awm's of t h e urgent n e e d s of sr..derg r a d u a t e s who eanno~ ~Moqust, ely ~xploit t h e c~.ornprehcusive znonogr~phs ~nd Lar~ ~,t~,x~book~ ex~e~s[vely analysing rMn f~rost~ ~n great dc~ail. E t n d e ~ s ~c;c'd a dear-em~ surarn~ri~atjo~ e f She in~rlnsie problems gad e l e m e n t a r y examlfies. E x a c t l y Chis rcqMre,~D~m* WaR m e t b y the ~uthor a~M publishers of t,his volume ~a~ tropios/ forests. I / e [ s v ~ t c h a p t e r s of t h e textbo~l~ are arranged [n tb~ follnwin~ order: ]. The b~op~esl rsdn .%rest., 2. q2he eh~q~g~ng physical settgng, 8. Soils and n u t r i e n t s , ~. The changing biological framework, 6, Tnu e~znp~l:mla~s of d~wws~t.y, g. N~.c;~es r i ~ t e s s , 7- Cc~vol-utSon s.nd ~exis~ene% 8. R~inofomst man, a n d .~. The shanging forest ~odey. U n d e r instructive Nties, ~nfli~idsM sub-Couplers and smaller divislon~ of ~he book describe essc~$~al strqzetural, fl~nctlonsl s~d eVO~Ut~O~ll~l~ aspec~,s Of %~/~ ~i~a~yl, African gad A~neyiean jnter~rOldeSA ombxo/?hi[ous fo.~.stS. T r ~ t~rat o~h~r pls.nts ~ e [nZhe {oem~ Of ~he hook, h o ~ v e r even [email protected]]m~ in~er:relatfons]7~t~ are p r o p e r l y discussed. _~_lso, practical ~speets of tropical foros#ry a n d soil conservation, ar~ adeq'a~tely t s e l d e d . I n a p o s t s c r i p t , a multilaterM hiologleal at,preach to tim; r e ~ s r a h o~ trop~e&i biomes ~s persuasively defended, ~nd e x t r u s i o n I~r She t~mff.s of purely fl~is%ic st,udies po~#~a%d. A list of " f u r t h e r ~e~_i~g '~, [ n d i s i : e ~ b l e r e f e ~ o ~ s go L~dfMd-aal ehap~en~ e~d ~ dega.iled ~ndex co,elude the ~m~t] ~e~ 5~s~ueV.,,-e ~extbook, An c,xp~d~need s~e~allst mlgh~ q~e.s~on t h e seteet~n of s~me examples or topics, ~r ~oln~ {po ~4=),one woul.d expee~ t o r e a d , eithe~ ~u .~he texg or i~ th~ r~ferenees~ t h e na~ne of ~h~ p~on~ea author A. W~t+nx~m While ~'~dfngs about e.'.,.~m~tie fluctuations (p. lg) t h e relatio~shi~t t:~.t~eea pluv~.al and gIaefal pawiods m i g h t be explained. Are ~he aoria.[ roots i~ Fig. IL aetua knec-roo%s or betger root-knees ? W a g ~t adequgte tO menZjon rh~ophy%ss s~s forest life-forms Was .st foe eeonomte r e ~ o n a th_~%tim numtmr of illusCra~ons was re#sristed %0 a mere ] 8 p h o t o graphs and drzwi=~? 8u,~ly, the author himself will strive to ~mpmw-e ~ few de,oils iD t.h ~ex~ edltSon o f the "book. ~ m s e l f ~ so-author o f ~ similarly designed h~ok, t h e revfewer wishes %o e~prp,ss full alspree|s ~{o~ 05 Dr, ~ m ~ m ~ Y ' s nice v o l u m e .

sc0gxwwsws

109

E~4glish opec/ring students thus get ~ ~ l i a b l e introduction ~0 the vaaishlng world of tropical forests. B/ob~fully, this. dispersal of knowledge will help to preserve this groa~ heritage of o~r planet.

Ho W A ~ T ~ and S.-W, Bg~ax~m ECOLOGICAL ECOLOGICAL

S Y S T E M S O F T]HE G ~ O B I O S I [ P ~ E R E , PRINCIPLES IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

V O L . I.

Spr!iager VeTlag, 1~erlin, lq/eidelbcrg, :New York, Tokyo 1985, 242 pp, 26 tables, 130 figures. In a revisw ox,ly recently published .in Folio g~obol;, e~ phytotaXo, We ~ppreeiat()d the GsrLnan edition of this book -- gu intr0duetion to a three-volume series covering ecological rcis~Zionships in terrestrial ecosystems ou a global scaleT D:.ililantly trsalslated b y 8 ~ s n ~ GBU~E~, tlm iEnglish version will he applauded by readers ~vbose c o m m a n d ef G e r m a n does no~ 6flow %hem to study tile or[gln~l t~)xt.,The good work of the $ra~sl~or is manifested in the corers! selection of cqulvaXonts for ambivah.mt ecologiea~ te2ms whose eoa~nt in ths a~glophone and Germa.n l i t e r a t s r e widely overlap. %~ne Fmglish edition will, necessarily, fgec greater confronts%ion w i t h numeroUS inonograpI~ and. t,extbooks dealing w i t h biogeogr~phle~l and Is.the-SCale ecological t0plgs. As in o t h s r books compiled b y "s W/~LTs~, the sexier author, ~ve can rely on worldwide experience and broad eovor~o~ of m a n y levels of biological complexity -- from eeophysiological questions at the ~ss'de and ovgaDismal level up t.o the e e ~ y s t e m and landscape views. Puzposefully selected examples and ease studies illustrate the c'eologieal principles emphesiTsd ix~ the book: zonation of bhe geobiosphe,:e, intrinsic cycles within the ocosy~tt~ms (short cycle, long cycle), fire-depe~dent ecosystems, tempor~tmv, a.=d hydrature in living processes, assimilation* and p r i m a r y predaetfo.n, 6omits'titles, succession, ocoellnes, ecotypes, c%e.A b u n d a n t solfexpianatory figures _..'sake the book pteasen$ reading a~d g rich source of information. [Starting M t h ~he preface the authors provoke (~igeussion of va/clous ftu~damental concepts. ~,[gh~ at the beginning theyeonfmn% the reductionls% and the holistle ecelogies2 views, and while e:nphasim'ug %b~ latter ~pproach t h e y defend the "qualit~,&ive aspects" of ecological proc~sses, too. Chapter 7.7 called ~'Some critical eo~skterations of plant sociology with remarks on ph54oee~olegy in the L ' r N S R ' ' includes m a n y disputable eemarks on the value of pla.at soeiolagy i a %he m an -m ad e landscape.of CeaVral Europe, and on the me~hods ~pplied by pla~t sociologdst.s 9in eni~iv}ztcd ~reas. Indeed, for the b~nefit of region~l axed global ecology, ~h~) plant soe[ologgsts have contribuged a great deal exactly beemxse t h e y d a r e d t o trs.ce holmdaries tx)tween plsant corumer~itle,,~ a~d their 1)aMbers. None of the ecosys4dems is clearly demarcaO.ed, and v~ ~ i l l prefer r t ~ a t t h e m as structura! e~t~tLes and even ~assify t h e m as ecologies.1 ~ i t s , such as zan~biomes, erobiomes, etc. While i~r traa~sltio=a[ areas, such as "so=oecototms" we cannot avoid demarcating cerVMa lines (---- boundaries) In respec$1ve maps. Am.oilier disputable chapter is called "'A crlb~e~l consider~t.Ion of primary sueeessiou ~nd the concept of c.limax" (Chapter 8.1). There will he oDly few ecologists who will aesept t h e authors' rejeetiou of ~he eoneepg of prfma~y succession ~nd clhnax community, h~[ost of t h e eealogists~ the reviewer ~neluded, will defea~d t h e former concep~ as a suitable expression e f dovelapmentai processes stsrt~ng in a newly eres,~ed habitat Is,ckb3g initiM seedbank~ and t h e lather .'~no~p~ as g pracbloa[ denomination of the final stags ~u e.ny successional o h m s of events. s the eone2,uslon of th~s review we should like t o recommend the b o o k to all blo]ogis%s a~fl ~x~'ographors w h o are ca~eer~ed w~th the inereaait~gly ~ndangered living sys~6ms on the E~,~.~h. A soured hoiistie fra-rnew,~rk hag bee~ produced for ~IobM ecological philosophy. JA~r J ~

110

ATLAS

FOLTA ~EOBOTAI~I~A ET P / I Y T O T A X O K O M I ~ , A

DER

SCHWEIZE[4

WEID~N

(GATTL~NG S A T , I X

21, 1986

L.}

Sup~)i~men~ off,he ZeiLscl~if~ der Ba~ler B e t ~nlsel~en Gescllschn2~, Sshwabe and Co. AG-Vorl ~Lg, Base ~., lOg;L ]03 10p., ~t~ Figu.~ ~2 I)]~tes. Unlike. limlr eolLe~4~ues i a t h e tropics, bot.a~ds~s aucl fot~Lers in E~rope are seldom t r o u b l e d b y r tdent[fieatlo~ of ngt ice woody # a n t s . The n o r t h ~ Xto|are~ie g~nug of willows a n d sal|o~va (8a~/x L.) is %he s~ly significant exception, The ineonspicvotmv_ess of i~s entomophllous Rowers, !%s dioecious nsx~m'~,flowering before ~he leaves e x p e n d , its raOmr tmiform vege.tatlve characters ~nd g e n d ~ e y ~o~va~.ds hybridization make ~hla gen~:u~ g psrmancn~ cheJlcngo to b o t h e x p e r t s and fHonds of s e t u p s - O u t of 500 or so speeies~ iadividus~[ Cen%ra~E r a ' e p e e s coD3a%ries,eo~upvJsi'~g highland ~c~v'iLorics, p~t~sess a:eout ~(1 n ~ i v e s~ecios, a n u m b e r of ~heir hybrids, and a_goupls of i n , r e d h e a d spec&~s and hybrids used in haske%.-making and for ornamontgl purposes. And ~hla is o38o t h e ca~e. for ~w~t~er] and who~e w~llow~ ~ad sal!ews were ~eee~tly t r e a t e d ~ d r~v~ewed ~)y ~.. LAUT]~24SCI[LAU:E]~. Th~ b ~ k c~n~a~v~ sbe• morphological eh~ae~erls~ics o{ the g e ~ s , ~.n ovorv~esr ef ~%s eoo~om-lc a.~d ornamental v~U~s and ~h~ obligatory ~wo ke}~ for ide~ti/iea%iou of Se2iz eF~c[es -- o~e nocordit~g to %he flowers~ ~he o~her a.eaording %0 Zh~ lcgvcs~ The spooi~l par~ des~|heg g2 %,xa, moa~ly ~% ~hn spenioa rank, and two snbapecios (S. T m ~ r s = s~bsp, ~ / i ~ , B. hegs~schwei~cr~ 8ubsp. vossgiaea ) and a v a r i e t y {S. nioriean~ ~ax. alpiecqa). The reason f~r ghv inslu~ion of eke a~s~u~ed F r e n c h endemic Saxon wi$bin a Swigs m o n o g r h o h y derives from ~omenelaterie m~endrnt~nts snggested b y Z]~ a~lhhor w l t h i ~ the group o f S. b~co/t~r (~. joh~licg/0~/~}- The ~easoninff for his s e w taxoD~mfe 'and nomoncla%orie acra.agemen6, (p- 10), however, *seam d~blous. Iuc%od, the cotTie8 of 6he Vosgos were glaci~l~d durir-g Lt~c p e a k o f the l~s~ Gla~a3 ~Perlod, howsver~ %he s a ~ o locMi~ies ser~-ed as e~cellen~ refugee fox- t h e remMntlers of t h e Tardig~aeia/ flora, ~ h i c h frn~qigr~,gcd froin t h e n~ighbouring z~on-glacigted areaa, and ~urvived due t o tho ean~in~ous a b s e n ~ of fol'~sg d i s t u r b e d b y ~iv0,t, io= and tho w~tion o f i~v~ax:ches. Similaa'ly, t~ll gla~ia.i, relicts a f %he Sude~oa Mount~ins~ ~.g., Saxifrage niv~t~r a n d So~'~ 5/so/w, S~vaded %he glacial eirq~es o ~ y after t h e glacders r~4~a~ed. Obviously, ta xo n o m y ~nd nomeneJa,to~i~ ~mcndrnen~s wel~ ~ot- in %he f u o ~ of ~hs bvek]~:hm~ri]y, %h~s w~--k pro~ides s~ les~-tui s a d undezstand~bl0 rsltsratfcm of the n~in rnomghe~ logical chu,-cactSrs, l~hex~Otegy ~nd h~bitata rsh:rrlvg he i s d t ~ [ d a d species. All of %hem are iilus~rated b y oomparable dra~inga o f mole a~d female flowers, mad b y 9 ~e% o f lohotog~t~phs ahtr~ing fiOwcring adud leafy twigs, T h s ~ fll~stra~fons will h~ o f great help even t o s t n d c n ~ o f local flora, who axe n e t p a t i e n t enough to read t h e u u m e r o m detgils h~ t h * descriptive tc~v~, The keys compiled f ~ t ~ i d e n r o f ~a/i~ species, ~ c o r d | n g b o t h t o flowezing twigs ~ d ~o leaves, will be a sa~e guide Vo .Swiss itoris~ie~, 0rod some diacritical detalia rosy find further use i~ othex' regions/floras. 8hart desexiptiong, aeeessariIy~ so~Id ~xot re.~ee$ tho entire r a i * ~ o f structural features and envlronmsnt~l rel~tlo~sh~ps. F o r example., in ~a~{~vl~Oasea~ besides gh.e most~ fr~qlleD~ habits.% in lat~ snow beds, an.arbOr m a x i m u ~ s n the w~nd e x p e n d roek~ should have bsep raenbioaed, Or -- ~s S. WS?~*(~iI~8w~ts~rlaad really a c a l e l p L i l e ~ species ? ALso, wlky h . s the mo~t conspicuous b r i g h t yellow c~loration o f ~b_e phloem In S ~ l ~ ~w~'7~tt~'sa a+_~ms no~ bean emphas~zod 7 In eoncluslen we should ]Jke ~o r~coramend the book to ~ll students sad %eaclm~s w h o wotfl6 like to over.'mmo the ~requsntly assumed '~myar '~ ~f the ~.ttvopaa:a w~llows ~nd sallows." In general, they axe x~ot as diffie~dt as they appear at the 5xst gla=ee,

P ~ L A I ~ ' Z E N S O Z IO L O G ~ I S C H - 0 K O L O G I S ~ 3 H E UNTERBUCIT~/NGE VON GEMA}ITEN ~IAGEI%'RASE~N- B E I D A V O S

N

VerSffen~liehungen des Geobot. Lust. der Eidg, Teehn. Hoe.h~ehule, 8~if~ung Rikbel, i n Zfirieh, 81.7eL 101 10p. I n einom n i e h t besonders grossen GelS~ude b e l D a t e s i n d e n Zen~ralalpen h~% tier A u t o r sehr a'uSf0kn,llcixc, anethodiseh sehr mannig4='algfgo, a b e t g u t zusmaamengefiigde Erforsehmagen der "Mfihder", also gemgh~er, meier tmgedfing~er Mags~wie~en fiber der heutlgen Wsddgrenze durehgefdke%. Ira Work wL~d nlch% ntlr tier phytaz6nologfseh-6kologiache Char~kt~r der Wiese~, sondern ~ u o h . d i e ZusgmmenhKng~ der S t a n d o r t s f ~ k t o r e n , B e w l r t s e h a f t u o g und ~eget~tionsd~fferenzierung besehrfeben. A u f Grundtage dieser K e n n t n i s s e u n d der Anspr0che der Lgndw~r~e rind Na.tur- u n d Laaxdsehax~sschutz g i b t der Verfasser Hinweise fikr die wei%ore ~!h~wz'rLse,haft.ungo Znr L6sung dieser r r o b l e m e h ~ tier A u t o r eine L~oiho y o u M i t t e l n mad rnothediseb~r Vorfghren ~usg~nt~z%; er gehg yon dot Aus~rbei~.-ang d~r ktassisctmn Vegega*~ionst a h e l l c n n~eh B~AXlN-Br.AxQXrSTaus u~d b e n ( i t z t die inathemat.ise~hen Vvrf,~hren zUr O r d i n a t i o n der Au:fnahm0n mittels lclau.ptkomponent~nalyse u n d Clustera-nMyse. Klass~tikatlons~inheigen slnd du~rch typisch(~ A r t e ~ k o m b i n ~ t i o n n n d oinaheitl.iche ~tandol~m~rh~tnisso gekormzeiehzm~. U r n die Zmaammenhgnge u n d kausalo BozJohung~n fi~'stzustmllen, bcntitzt dot A u r a r n~ebt nxt~ king ,~usgewer~-te Ergelmisse yon chomlschen A n a l y s e n d e r B o d e n p r o b e n , sondorn aueh die Zeigerw~l, tam~yse. E i n e n schr wertvollvn Toil tier Studio ~el]~ die A u s w e r t u n g der Wies~nb e w i ~ s e h a f ~ u n g wKhr~nd ,'let letz~en 1O J a h r e dn,r, die dot Auger oinzoha {iir jede AufnahlDetl~el~ b~i Le, n d w i r t e n feavgestelI~ ha%. A u f verhaltoAssln/isslg genauen Ang~ben is'~ b~wiesen, d~ss die ~ew~r~sr;b~ftm~gsform, ~!so Diingtmg trod M/~hdregime, e l n e n der wiehtlgsten F a k t o r e n da.rsta]lt, we]the die g~zsamme~t.zv.ng n ~ d Q~aalit/~t der Bes~i~and~. beelnRtmsen. Fiir die Erha~tung ~r~enreicher ~M~hder r der A u t o r die Beibehsg~ung dot t r a d i t i o n a l | o n Bewh.Lschaft~mg nnd. s*ollt 0.ueh die MSgUchkeitenx~xd %Vego ratienelleg Verbesselmng fest h~i l ~ i b e h a . l t u n g des g r o s ~ Artenre~ehtums und landsehss Yunktionon.. Die Arbvit h ~ elne sehr idoenweieh0 F o ~ der Interpretationyon ]Y[ateria.l; sowohi Ergeb~{zse der ]3cdenxtntersuehungen axe a~eh tier Zeigerwert.snalys~, m ~ h e m ~ t i s c J a e s V c r f ~ h r e n u n d B ~ w ~ s e h a f ~ u n g s f o r m werden i n omsehau!ichen Orgphon p r ~ e n t t e r t , ohne den Leser mt~. l~eihen ~on l ~ u m m e ~ p a l ~ n zu belasten. D~skutabet uber blefbt d~o Klsms$fikation. Der Auger h ~ t alle Bes~Smde i n 21 kleinero Ni~heiCen eingerefht, g e k o p p e l ~ i n g O ~ l l s e h a . f t e n (4 Oesellschaf~sn ~ e H e n dJo M f i ~ dea~ u n d verg~elehsweise wird n o e h eine ankniipfende ~eseBschaft tier F e % t ~ e s e n mzd eln.e d e r t S a g e ~ e l d e n angeftihrt}. W e g e n eincr !{elhe yon Sehwierigkeiten -- Absen~ y o n Charakterarte~, vfele ~)berg~kuge, n o e h n l e h t vollstAndige System~tik dieser Berefehe, verzichtet a b e t tier A c t o r a.uf E i n o r d n u n g der GeseHsehaften i n das pflanzcnsoziologlsehe System. O b g e n a n n t ~ Sdnwferfgkeit~n komraen a b e t bel jeder syr~ys~ematizchen Wev*ung vor- Die ~in~ihung y o n e~.ngehend durehforscht~r C~seliseha~en, r,i~des~ens i n die hSheren phy$o~6nolegisehen. ~ n h e l t ~ n u n d Z u a a m r n e n s ~ l l u n g elner ?onoersieht s o l l ~ ke~n. urd6sbares P r o b l e m sein. 13brfgens hat, dot A u t . r aintge Einreihmage, w e n n aualan u t nebenbei, angeftLh~, Da~ gomzo %York hA~e. ~9i ~ l f e h d a d u r e h die weitere Br~uehbark~fr evworben. ~$1t der Form der Bearbe!tu~g, Interpre%~tion der ~rgeb~isse wird a b e t dtese Studie sieher ein Vorbi]d ffir weit~re phyt, ozSno!og~sche und 6kologd~ek~ Arhe~ten werden. OE~m~ B~OV~

!12

FOLIA r

ET P H Y T O T A X O I ~ O M I C A

21, I.~S~

E. L~I~OLT (red.) BE]ZIG*ATE DEI~ EIDG.

DES GEOBOTANISCHEN INSTITUTES T E C ~ N , I ! [ 0 O ~ S C ] = I U L E S T I F T U N C , I i I $ B E L 51. H E F T .

E T K Zttrlc.h 198&, l.~2 pp,, $5 Figs., 2 map. In addition t o periodXcal information on the E T H Institution, a new volume of "]~.~richt~" also p r e ~ n t s t h e scientific papers reviewed below, 1%ioBg~Is~i~(}Sl% and h . "In,N ~ I ~ studied chromosomes in some southern representatiw~s o f the genus Ssachys. E x c e p t for Stavhys cmyust~jaH~ (2n =: 2g), .all the 27 species examined proved t e h~ve 2n : 3~. Twelve of ~hem_ were serrated ibr the first time. M. B ~ _ L ~ . t ~ E a ~ also glvc~ in a separate artiote eight other chromosome counts, only one of t h e m (Geranium d~,m~r 2n -~ 48) being sexy, A s u r v e y o f the a d a p t a t i o n o f p l a n t subterraneous organs to vaxiGus t y p e s of Substratum movements is g(ven oaxd the s~l.aptations axe arranged in a universal s y s t e m b y P. Soyi~o~ in a paper o f g~x~at importance. Prof. E. L.~I~-DOL~C.(~'ovldes information on the first record of reproductive o r g a ~ iu Wa~j]idla neo~rc~e/ca. An ~nalysis ofth;~ finding is snppl.emented w i t h a cOmpa~-iso~ of flowers and fruits o f all the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f the genus Wolf/iella. I n the framework of the extensive program o f b i o s y s t e m a t i e mad eeophy~iologieM comparison <~fth~ ]~iaDt populations on st!teats saxd carbonate substrata, prof, K. ~[. U~_a__Wsx& presents a,n i[%xportant work concerned wlth the poplllatl.on g~netlo natl~re of cy[~nogene~sis in .Loeu~ agpis,us. Alle].ic and pher_otyple freqsencles were studied, ~md an interesth~g antithetlcsl patte~%~ was revealed: The m a ~ r i a l from silicate was |archly aeyanogenie (~2.9 %) wh~le eyanogenic plants provaile(t in t h e material from ca.rbonate (56 ~ ) . Dominant eyanoglucoside . allel~ also oecm~eed mafnly tu the material from ee~rbonate (77.~ ~/~ v~, 8.8 ~/o). Possihte aspects ~ f ~ differential f i t ~ s s of various selee~ive-gdaptive complexes e~re also disea~sed. _There ig little t,o cri~iei~ in the a b o w works. The last article reviewed is concerned w i t h the eompariso~a of" biological features o f two (aeldophilous a~d b~siphilo~s} populations ofT