}gookrovie,

ws

T t". Kozr, o w s ~ t (e,l.p FLOODING

AND

Aeade21ic Pres, iur

PLAN'I

~]20~v~q:r

Od,~ud,,
~oLh de-qcit a n d s t w # u s o f w~t~r cause enviz'om~:cntal scrcs~:s a n d sulmoquent ~hangeu "r B o t h t y p e s o f wab0r i n d u c e d e~en*~ c a n be v e r y ttramatic a n d p r e d a t e , d y n a s t m(~dAfir~ttions a n d adaptat, i.:ms -- ~c,me o f t~.mn c:-ueia.l for h u m a n sm'~,-ivaL Arid e~:ndii.io1~ ~*! t LrL" i m p a c ; o n plualg life h a v e boor. txx~utq~ in n nunaL~r ofmonogra=~hs w h o s e d a t a are adequar tr.~e, t,~,d ~o tex-t.l~::oks o:" brdmity a.nd ee.oMgy. Tn m y ,,pinion, t h e e t i o l o g i e s . ! ,enid pk,ysiologi< i n t i u e x ~ o f i.ht~ iJl~a;euc'o o f ext'essive q u a n t i t i e s o f w~,t.er tm.~ been neglect,~d, p~L.rlJ.crl.tlas suf:2r~arJzijig volmne~, hraadb~,ol,m and Lcx-bbooks, Y ' r o f o ~ s o r 37. T. KOz~;OwsK.b u l e s d i n g au+~hori i:) ,-,la~l ph2~iology ~md t.[:nlog'y in *,h~ l~Tnit~d ,qt,af~s~ col;ect,.-d a~'~a e,ontlSbut:ions r cloy: dis~.~nguishcd aut.hor~ f r o m t h e I ~ A (6 au~hor~}, Grc,~tt B r i t a i n (3 a u t h o r s ) , Caga~da (1 autf et~,-~ *.he I'hil~ppines {l aut~r}, a n d m a d e ~ t ~ m a r k a b l e book c o v e r i n g t h e l a t e s t views on pin g r o w t h trader fl~oding c o n d i t ; o ~ s . Tl=oro a,',e mr.~ ela~:~tc,r~ in f:ho voltaire gloat, s b o t h t h e s t r u c t m . a l a n d the funcU,=n :~v.ITPeL 0" 1.In prot,~,:~. ~n (~.hv.p' r I, f,h,- t:cJifaT.! Iti;vme t: t't,it~'at*:~ t.|~ ~:x~ertt,, oall.~s, ~md hall.~c os t~,m~,)4"a.ry or cont:atuous flooding t~hrotz_,hout t,Lo wot'ld. Mtt~ilttteral ox'ont~ o e e o r l ~ tiocdcd soil are a n a l y r ~ d in C h a p t e r 2 b y F . N. Pox_xrA~t:rEn~:xzA. ~a~-ing w o r k e d ibr neat a0 y,,,tr~ o n s u b m e , g e a m~ils, D,'. Po'~c~a,ue~:ttoalA w~m ub]e t,o p r e . ~ n l o, p a p e r t'ontuinlng" m~-Jtil~. dr il~ crt th,; phy~ir effoc,'~, bio'Ae zotmtion, o l ~ r o c h c t r , ic,d el~mg~*s, chemion.l ~raru~formatiot %|-~ :'nHnenet: c;n f~'~• nnd seal fc~rmmg prc,-~:~m~s~tmdel t, ho t~f~.t.Yf, m o f ~Oc]lrlg. Aeeoir, Lho nuiltlV a n d pat.tern o1" processes d e v e : u p i n g citu'ing flooding a n d mtbm~qlzent drai i n g :h'pcnd o n t h e initial phv~aicM a n d chemical y,ro,'~rtic~ o f t h e soil. l~cztri,:tlc, n o f gas axe.ban F t h e r m a l elfects, swel21aag o f coUoids, rl~o]ogleal c h a n g e s ;xnd de6*,ta~ct.ion o f the soil s t r u c t u a p p e a r s.s trigger f~ctors -rt mul*ilatcra: transfc, r r m ~ i o ~ . H e r b a c e o u s a n d w o o d y p l a n t s ~ e fro.areal :1~ tWO sop~t,'wZc ~zlu~ptt:_,'s. ~I. ]3..IAoKsoN .~xd bl. U. Dmxw give a n e x t r a o r d i n a r y re~i~ {(31'-:qAei 3) o f efr-e'ets on t h e g:vowtL anti naett~bolJsm o f h e r b a 2 e o u s p l a n t s . Morx~ t h a n 400 ~.q4~(: stand b e h i n d t h i s .~ompEation o f m o s t cstortishing da~a _'<,[brritag to ear:y r e s p o n s e s ~ f pluntS Lmmd#,tiun, lx.ee.':l~:lltignl8 o f flo,xling i~tjur2,, r o o t W-ow~h ~ut,:~ s h o o t growth.. T h e d a t ~ ~cfer b e *,c, ir.d~gonv~m pl.~nt~ a~td to c,fltiva~e.d erol'~ a t ~ l ~ d in agmcultur**. lz~ C~h~lfl.~.-r 4, tim c~kl~r h i m s e l f t~anp:Icr ntmaez~)u~ d a t a covering r,h,: respnnsca o f "we,o< plaat~ t,-, flooding. '_r'h,._, emph.a~is is o n t h e trees o f ~ o r t h A m e r i c a , i m w e v e r , in a f e w c a s , z so~_ ta.o.=,iea] tm~ Etu'opo~n species ~ c m e n t f o n e ~ , too. :Fore~sm~ f~eing t h e p r o b l e m os succ0ssl silviezflgtal~ Jn wet~a'toggecl soils, will wr,;eot~o t,bis 8r.:r~ar-~a*~i~.t~on. i~.'f,txdolaf.s o f naal'~gT"oves al fre~lows.zer s~-~a-nl~ in Lira:t r o p i c s will miss refe_,xmees to tlte exvenzlve w o r k ut~lerLakxm byee010~ iat~ tr~ Asian ~mO. A f - i c a n colm'l;rics. '1 h e ct::Tecgsoi" ii,)oding o n water, c a r b o h y d r a t e ~ntt nalm:l =xq,xtio:~s ~r~ ovcxvieva'd in Ct~.pter 5 e o m p d e d b y T. T. Koz~uwSJt J antl S. O. F.~ *.' t,u,Y. Sgomat lx:P.a :~otu., t r 0 m ~ r , ~ t l o n , phc.~osy~thc.sb~ fred t h e n t ~ r i t i m t o f p l a n t s oxpose.d t o floodS~g a b_,.~a:kly disctmsed. I 3 ~ o l o g i ~ arid eeo-morphologdsls, pnr~ic~tl~rly, will app:~'ciate C h a p t e r tl (by D.-~f. ~ d K . a. P,-~l>romo) surrtma~izing t h e cfs o f flooding on b~:~rmono r~lations. T h e c~ubhc taJaauged Lo coa*.,hme t,lle lwader t.he~t e d t y l e n e h a s a k e y role "n m a n y o f t h e t~asponses o f plan t o fl,::oding. A n i n c r e a s i n g 0.moun~ o f d a t a ~hown t h e b~xportaaxco os flood-induccxt a l t e r a t i o n s l,h~ bio.~yntbesis, m e t ~ b c h s m and t:'ar.-~D.)rt ofgabberollm~, atodtm, absoisic u~:id a~ad ,::yt.t;kin/t b0t|= ~eology ap.d phT~ioh*gy, t h e effc~2t~ o f L*lmat ]:axasites are o.ften n e g l e c t e d . "Yh~roforv, : o v e r v i e w at" t h e effect~ of flooding un pla~at disene~e ((Yha[_,tor i , c o m p i l e d b y L. H. 81'0I~" m .~, /d. Sash_A) provides a higlOy w~l,:omo c o n t r i b u t i o n - ~1,r;o'ngis't,s s]~ould I*~*,:'t-,t,h~t ~ o . d i n g e~

b'I)I,.L2L L]6OBO:I.'.k_qlC.~ v.~f I:'HYTOT6 Xe).x'O3II{3A ~:

22(,

:,.'~t.i~: ~c,z"o o f t h e l ~ b i t t , t n C h a p t e r 8, D. D . l=tuuK summtdiz~,d ~0.t~pl,diorl t,, t]oot f ~ b . wa.*.~.r. B, ,l,h h ~ t ' b ~ w , . . s , . . t ~ . , . l y g~;,~t'iss a.[~, e x m u " n e d . Bs.~:id(*s .mokOmllr: a d a p t t h e d i v e r a i t y o f m o r p h o l o g i e a ' , and an&tomieaJ (,ha~'actr ia a o s c r i b e d . Obviozta]y.. J.n t o~dv 30 p~L~;e-~ ~n /cl~gt.h t.ht~ .~olcc.Lion o f ext~xnoh,tx tz~d r "ha~, brian r,~.~l:r{ate5 tm t h e avl~hor'~ ~ - e ~ c h it= t h e TClz3.tcd St.at~s. ]ffowcwx., e v e r y t e a c h e r ~f e c o l o g y emd bor.a3~y !,Ire ~:ttn,zam'~zh~ l':~b]e 1 "'He_spnns_~s o f i~kmts t.o F h ~ . , d i n g " v e r y h a n d y a~l~l ttnvfitl. Tit c ~ 6 s w i t h c~ c h a p t e r 9 o n eke c~l~ptati,,u of plant~ t o l l o o d i ~ w i t h ~a_t w ~ t e r . Writt~en I attd salr~-~u:~e,2vtAl,l,., gly,,(mLytv:. F~n~ler~ will h:o_ru ~ i~ s~tline envSr, n a m e n t s t~nd me(~t0mL~ms (.f t ~ ] e r a n e e B , , t a n i s t s trod (:t~;l;)g/:4Lu (hm,ling wH:h f,.,.,lin~ nan! laier~C tt~s.t.m,'.m$ or"the t o p , c itx $1fis vo:u,rm ,dit~',t b y oF | n o ] o g y p t ' o ~ d ~ r a I , i d ' y , ~r~d theJ~ks t,~ s u c h a n inforwod. Good work"

l o t a b o u t t h e uo.t;tue o f I>h~sb>log'r (,r a w ) i d a n c e o f .~lt, d&mag~. p l , m t t~datvi(,u~" w J l t.~oPov.S.tt~ t ' ~ T. T. KOZLOWSXL H e s e a x e h i n all b: i n s t r u c t i v e b o o k we o~e adcquo,t~q .]ran

I'~DEX

KJ,,'YVEN,'~IM, , q F r p P L E M . ~ , , N T

SMVENTEE2q

o f t h e Y ~ y a l BoMtt~e G a r d e n s K e r r ; C:ea~nrlcn k~r(x~s, O x f o r d , 1987; pp. 3 + 35(;. INDEX

KE/:VE_-NTSI~,

SU.Pi'LE~J.ENT

EIGE'['EEN

C o m p l i e d b y d. L . M . P ~ v , l r I , T. A. B::uwcx , H . A. Dz.vfE,~ a n d K . 3t. l . L o v o ; e d i ' I'~.A. D&VIES; ~l'h~9 ~J'~.t'b~t~'it]rrl o f tk~ R o y . ~ ]Ek)t~ie G~rttel3s K c w ; Crla~r~ladon ~ _ ' ~ s , C 1'.9~7; p p . 3 q- 34fi. KEW

INDEX

I'~OL~

19@6

Ch~reI:don Prv~R, O x f o r d , 1.q,~7; pp. 5 + 195. A t t h e s t u ~ t i t ~ e t h e e vc,!umea h:~v~ b o o n ptab!i~he,:t l~-fotafJ~g to t h e b a s l e w o r k c.n t h e l~ot~:orlciaturc o f flow='i~lg pIHr.ts --- I ~ d e x tCe.we.n~ia ( [ K ) - - i.e. th(~ 1 ~*h a n d 18tb. S u D # e (1K~) n.r,t n rM:%lv l#t'.,t~l n,mHt~| t~'[~.,jt., t h e l{~'w ]ndr {f.r ...'}. |.~:lik~ i . . . . i , , u s p: t h e IJZ t,he s u b - t i t l e o f tl=ege v o l u m e s is W e n ~ o t i a L a t i n , b u t i n ~r,g/i~h -- " N , ~ m e s o be..~in~ plont.s a t tl~e r ~ t k o f fat~ily fred b e l o w , p u b l i ~ h ~ l [~2twoem Jn~tl~.ry 1916 ,tnd tl o f 19~-0 - - f o r t h o I K S ~7; b c L w i ~ a J a m t a v y 1981 ~ l d t h e e n d e f 19,~5 - - f o r t i e ~lJs 1 b-:L~h.e.'_t d u ~ l t g 1986 - - for t h a K e w I n d e x fc.r [986 - - w=_th .~ome ~ m ~ : o n a f r o m eazli,,r 3: T h c ~ u b - t i t l e o f K e ' . " ]_~dex 6_,r 1986 a]s~, i,aclttdos : n f i . u n a t i . u a b t m t a c e r t a i n exLensi:,n ~ubj~ct-ma~,:~r - - i.e. t h e h,c:usiu~t o f "'(frames) o f / ~ i a s z.nd lb_-a~ a l l i e s " . :It. i-~ mm,.mcs:m ry be Oml)ht~,d za, ht~rtr L|lt~llrq~,.UzLrluo<)f tr li w(trlx att$ tin." I"[,Z.,r~]to tl:,rl;t~ v< tmdm" "to-.-ieW :*fin" t~ tYao p e r i o d o f 10 -- 1 ~,.'~vs ~ x d o o n t ~ J n mt~Lr pubLislmd i..~ t h e : b i h I ; r .p:ruldih'/~] : 4 u m m . r i , : s o f t i t , s~,.i,~:~ K c w H~:<'~I'~ls. (~lt.ltl*rx~d ~tvit.~J i,"l,vi(ltL'~ volllrntt/i Of" I (to 1970~, w h c r o o n l y "~.he nar0.es t:f gono~a ~ d s z e e i e s w e r e g i v e n , t h e pzw~_:at voi'.~o:,es ,.. n ~ m e s g o v e r n e d b y tKe ICBN" (f_,.o:n t b o . ~ o f faa~il':es to t h o s e o f t h e lowest; vv~nk o f ]nf~..xs r T h e n a m e s o f ~ u T n ' a g o n c r i e tmxu m ~ g i w n ~w.arat,.'ly in +.lie first [)tLrt o f th,~ ] m:id~gi3v, t o n e w =m-v=es, cortaAa c 3 r r c c t i o n s o f n a m e s g i v e n i= om-:ioma pv_,-ts o'L"t ] ~ ]:K (rt:.s h]ie rwvigi,*tt ()f na~tmn) Itr~ tdso ineht, ted; :t .~[',:u;a*d sigr~ {.' ) ;s-m'lded t.r) tire .orme(.,l(] q ~ : . o f ~o.ck nm2.a*~u,T h o s e v e n - . o e n t h ] K ~ w a s p f i n s e d o n ~ho ba~is o f :amteria[ p ~ p a . r e d ~nd us i,ii. t~wJaa K ~ w R~e<)rda a n d ttm~3fave "t di,~tam eypog~-~p.hle~ly ~ m th,~ p~.e.,e.ing vott:nxo cdso f:'oln t h 0 ft)lh~wiug (me) - f ~]av !K~% - - t lu~ ~m~,:s . f t~axa a;'~, p"irttcd l ~ , m ixt b o l d fat<:. d i ~ t _ ~ b u ' i ~ t h o ~ t ~ o bib]i~grapki,_'M s ~ i o s to x~zio~m c o m p u g e r s , t h e I]~ r c v e r t ~ it) its o r w / ~ d t yt~ngTal~a.~ea] c h a r a c t e r . T h e deeisio~w~.~ ta,ken n o t t:, '.~.'e t,]m a,uth.T:S ha, rues t,, n, clattrral co~'.~binatu0ns o f ~]Lfras~:<.cifie Sax,~; the r~a,son b s i ~ t h a b thess aughor~hipe ~ze ]xot g i v e n in .3rigiim] plu~:t~ L~,uti UUL,:~ :~*t bt: m e u t i o - e l i ) , t,l~ su&J~tJro o f ~.l:~2~it:s uur~t

'~',O0,KRRVT:RWR

~

t~f;-~l ine*~vr~o, t l y givet~ ~tnd t h e 11~, c~f,~thbr~v~at ir t~f ~mr~hupr'~ r~mr!es h~ekx m ' n f o r m i g r Af~,m' ~d t h i s ,:~othod is abi]l m o r o 5~Cll~r~ly l:J~zcL i~l t h e p r e s e ~ r,omonelaLtwr e.g. b y GI~lgwrE~. in tp t)ro.~),~.~,da o f n v w (:ombl)Lati~,n~ f,J,' ~,h,, ?,:[~d-CtL~'klist. A t t h e do.-'~ of t h e ~ight, e e , , t h I K S a u l)iW~h!r~idi~t a f g c n c r i c a n d nrtt hogc'-,~ric~ n ~ m : ~ i.a give r,, a c c o r d i n U t:) t h e i r e]a&M fic~.;iq m in fan nilie~ L:ds re_D, useftd aid {.laL:x~du~ to t-he 131 Jn t h e s e v e n t h I K S m 1929) is unfi3rr.mmt, e]y ~ . ' s s i n g i f t ~ ~ e v e u t e e u t h volurtm c,f t h - 1K8. T h e b,J g h ~ 5 t t u u a i ~ t s o f t h e s e n a m e s fi,r t h e fixc y e a r s ' i~:vio, ( ! 9 5 ! 1985} wora~ ]0ublislmd m t:hc s Or~id~ce~c i 7 6 ( w i t h 813 t.q'opez g.?.'~eri.-' aa~macz: P~:setge -- 66 (6~), _(Ta,'J~v~.'~e -- I;0 (18) a~d A.~'#r:rueege s-l- -- 51. (Sfl L,_'ouer~,: a ~ n e ~ ) . ] [ b m u y b f~.;:,~d f'e0m t.Li8 li8~; t h a t t.he ' h m i i y .1~[ox,u'~a~ -- t ~ k e n a~ mon~_,t.ypic for a i.ong r.ime - waz a ~ plifil;:l in ~hin Ix,~O:l b y t w o ]~lY'Lb-er K~ ne.ra. W o r l d ~'~udics ir~ Laxcuo~ay autl LcLut~:nclubula~ bf [.lant,~ z-t:c'd rUFnd infc.r.anLiojb .'18 for h~.~ ~oa,>: p m poaa, L-' of ho~aony'ar~ i..r ..,f ~,he ~ n c numcnel~l~ural e o m b i n M i o , ~ a ind~m~o; t A:, e~.:'Iier fly y e a r l y , d i l l o n o f t h e l_K:~e~ wet*~ eomplemenbe,'_t b y Lh*0 publieuLion o f u e w n a m e ~ irt u .r_aual b i b S c iaT",:.l,h~eal ~ u m m m r i e s iu t h e ~ r ~ I ( e w l~.cotxhs..N'o r162 %he l~stitag o f n e w [ a u d omitte~t} a r m i e s ~i_ 1~ tlu~ e,>nU.~xd; o f l h e K o w Ir~d.ex (KT}, w h i c h will a o t be d e l a y e d ~:s wa~ t h e e ~ m ~ir, h t.h0 bibli0 g'-a.phic~l ~sories Xs P~ccurds. T h e I K 1986 is th~ fi~v s.nuuM rt:f.~urtJ ~tlll] lly it;..1 COlI~CLi.bit di~t,tL corr§ *,,~ t h e TK Is.rid I K S o s ) . 1- eo:rp.qrJ~.,m I]li~ K 1 MaO t n e h u h : a i.h(: ntu~ms ~)f (livin~ ]~tori:lophyt~; in t h i s w a y it .can s e r v e as a g a t h e r i n g !),iiut, f,,~ a d d i t i o n s to ~ u p p l e t a e u t s o f ~h ]::dox 14"llit'a]m (incl. also ot h,:r gr'OUl~ o f P t . ~ ' i d o p h y t ~ s ) . 1'%-*' t h o s e a m m M s u m m a r i e s o f ~ox (~t,:! <:miLLed) n u m o a r~ dif&.rent :'m'm~t wo2~ usc, d f r o m t h a t c,f t h ~ I K , a ~mM/er o n e , m a r e u.qefu lft,t _-~tpid a n d re,m: f~x~qm~nt vse. Since tile c o n t e n t o f t h o s e .,~nnual l[~t.s va~:r ~ ecrt~iin tim. (4 c-r tO yoa~.~) will be the. . c~nte]}$tlf ghe l:e'xl. %-chlrrle c.~"~'ht: IKN, {'his l m b h ( ' a r ig e p h e m e r a l tts in~poz~anee lieg in +~}ao ra~id t r a n s f e r o f Jn%rniat, Jon oral ia t h ~ p u ~ i b i l i t ~ e r a r a p i d x_'~pons~ t,, ~hs s a w d a t a i n c l u d e d . A'lluM lisb o f o e w gmu-t'ie rtar::es {very useful u.s'menbion~d a b o v e ) i n , , t g i v e n in ~h::, valnr;,e o f t i m K l n n d e r r ~ v i o w . r,_, 8e/tie )a.~tFEIt3.q {$L~ in t h g IrlCSo.~ a n d in CtL-, KT.) ad,q.itiol~al n o t ~ , ~ mtb~oined an r e f t ~ e n ~ r,r, t/'~ir v:didity, t h ~ r n ~ t r f~'eqnenl ml~l..~k~-a in quot~.r.ion~ o f h~t,~innym~ (omis~ion o f t h e ]'Utg, . f th:' p l a c e o f publicm;i.r,n or o f t h e pttbliegci~m y e a r ) , o m i ~ o r , o f t h e ~y'pe or o f t h e I,~th~ d e s e r i p I,;our l,.-',;a]idiLy o f *p~'ie~ "aartaes wit.It _,~g~ttvd to blue i n v a l i d i t y oJ" th,~ g'ett~rlc tta.tx~s eli:. Man: Of t.~r n~t.uc.nelat, nra.- p r c b l e m a wove dixcu~.~sd b y She c o m p i l e r s nit, his w o r k w i t h t, he wxriJ.-knom al*t~;'ktJist o a aaomoncla~uro P,,. ]:}vtrM.~tr'm'. 8omen.lines zpellJng )-~a~ I ~ q n eorroet.td (e.g. ".~x'.qc'Xa' a n s h : a d o f ~,he incurreeL "mJa:'A~,i**a"). WiLit L},t:~ a]tvtOL~L[OIl~, tilt: bo,~k:s n.r.., ~ery helpful- h ~v,::':d eP.~t'~ ; h e 8u~a,~ rmrncndt~Lurul ca~mbinn,tioxaa w~:re p u h l J a h c d ia~ tim s a m e t h n e p e r i o d . Cor ~ e z pttbliev.LJon d~de (y~t~r) g i v e n thez~ ]8 vt*ty ~ t p o r t a n L . lit Lhe~e e a ~ s t h a eotnpil~r~ girt) L.tu vnar"/'s in MphM3otieal o r d e r b y teas mxmes o f t h e e,,u_bb,ato_.-s, n o t by- paEliezution dnt*~, w h m h ', h, p r e y , a t z 0 v i e w e r "~'ouk! .~wa as m u m u , ~ f u l . It, is r~ p i t y t h a t re/'ce0uces to e a r l i e r c o m b i n t t t i o n s in ,':,:,:t~:L i , p, e v s o a a 10arl..'~ o{" t l w I K a t , tt,~t, gi,e,~tlt -- e-g- datriola alT*e~tr{.* b y H o L t - n I l K 8 17 w;. ,>'. c~//~-~efs b y G~UT:-e~; (TKS 18}. ~ a o s t u d y o f t h e Thrum ~-.-,hwne~ r e v i e w u d h e r e elanw~ ~ g r o a t i~'er~u~e in t.ho n u m b e r s t~f new n a m e ~ irt th,~ t.ax~nouay o f hiKhor (v~setd0.r} oL~nt~, bhott.~'h ulO.uy ua~ (1t1~ to r~ebt~lli,:~tl;itm h r . ~'r,xO, tl]~odo ~]**v2rur*, Idol, t,e, ,~neeqo. S'v/waur~ a n d "far,J~.aettm. i n "tile L N S 17 m u n y n0.m~,~ r~f,!r to f h e .gneztvc~ aa Acc*2ia, _4re,ninon. AI~i~m, ~h~li~r J I ier.,.tci~, O.~JlrgiJ~S, J ':;do,~Ll ~, llhcM.iola, l:g,~,t,m n , ant Verot:~:a; {n t h e i K S t a *o vhc gt:ncra Da~tadlorhg':~. E;brraT~r , Salix, Silev~-', "aed S4z':lffft~m (,12grttz c,m:?, laa t h e e~tmu=L s m n m ~ r y I K 1986 ~ueh g~'n~ra rit'h in n e w n t u n e s u:~' ~ ' / c u s a , d ].~'cL.,~r:,lcFL (Be.o%m~.ce,.r Tn go, lct~ e,~.,'*.~ ~ gt.~at, rdlna}'~r ,,ivnew ngtrrteg (t;r&,,gff~rs) W o ~ prc, p ~ a ' d b y i2acLivJdue. ilers "t~, u~ in 'Sho 1~(.8 ]'I izt A ~ (L. MUl%~a_v), A/d~f~.~: (l',.4/nnr S(:,a X,~), f:a.~fe~ (l.m~ tt, ~t !r ~ ' e / d t ~ : r e t (D,-~f-':'iL), /)U/e~ (B/d,u',~au 1)';o,%rrj'ros (l(.ogTl~l~l~La_~.s), l'[euroth:,lli, (0ve,'::'r-r-~r:ea~'; LvF_a}, t:~ t h e i K N l,'q "n .4/g, rum. (OrchMat~ae; Ts _.tMaucar~ha {.suLmLiktt. ~!'~': f)~; ~ray,/.z~n~?,a; Porn,~'.c11), C a m d 2 i a (Cua._x,:), tTham,PJcr.~.a (t:*~usfe~'.~ K.o=u C'~a','(, .[2".WJr: at l,~*~-~,~.~:'/), (;*otc;.q~,'m (i'OL::::~I~), Uy~erue ( L x x ) , Urcast.~tTua!. (Oreaida,**7, ; H ~ : s,m~:a'r} Lc-/~rtrt,.** (Or~'~jd~,.r~; L~-~a}, 7V~orr,:~mmitgarfft (frO}, 1~ ( 0 r ~ ' M a e ~ w : , fLa,.s{:ul.'~'r} P~m,e:af:Ta (Cr-~T2acAsas), ~,h~'ns {P...~ , [ o ~ , v ) , Pbn~ro#'.,:g~* (L;:u~) a n d ,b'e~m,:~ {I/ffun:i,,o*u~: Lt'.w;_'; eL 7FIAn_~-r it. Lh(: K I Lgge* for vt~tt~tour~Pum (L'v.,~A's (Ter,_ta~* ( d ~ e; Lt), Drcz(vmia (Ado'a. c4,,_; .5o.r,tv:), E,r, glis [Aolcr=,mtw; .l~,reAtt~;,, L'gicr'untAvs. (Or~4~.ig6,em~; (I,~:.~.'~' ,at L ~ t ' w u E ~ - : ) ~ti~efvra (Zh:.a/b~ra-g,~v; ].-I. M. S~u'_'~), g:,etu'g&'~a (l"ro,'e~cl-.eat,; "dct~r~a.cv~*'~-j, Ha,i~aP.chiha"

"~OT, T:t (~F,DBr

222

7.T PTrYTt}TAXOND]%FTC,%

(Ore.h~teet~; ( I A ~ - e$ Kx'r'ra~;oas), 3f'xzd~..vM?.ia {Or"Jt.~dac~ae; ~,uva), Nar~ns.~zv (k:'J C,~.~^~), P ~ n t ~ / ? a (2~j.4.E} ~uG Ut.,..A-Maria (t'. "'2~:~r.ox); fru,,~ fern~ Alsop~'%ik~ ('l'~tu (C~n~o),Aa~,~.ium (C.~n,-o) ~r,.d 5'pb,~r~p~,'i~ ('s I n t h e l a ~ me=.at%ned v o l u m e mar nu.n-~;:l of Po{%~j~t~t,m (t~ept~e~:-~a~[[=g Lr,,tr~['ors f~o:n P~'.@atria) b y FEI,~E .~z.'t ~96.~ .,~.r:; ? h i s voXum: also c 0 - t ~i ,,-.~v a r i o u s ~ n)itu~! )~,mcs l'_'-ea.~,sice ~'lora .~nd -n of.Mr liknagt:rc; ~nf,~vtcmat~4y, t t , : ateeeptibility (,f the i~ v e r y l o w f,sr m s : ~ y b o t v m i . ~ i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e s e tmxa. Som~ mi~l.ak~'~ o.~: ~: "~ "~ ,n~,y 1o fir ~r:.'l ;r, *:he ma.t~,'ial, '~,hich .~h,'mId 1~ ec,rr~.,.te,-1 "eohrn=.cs. ,%/1 eombhla~ions ,,~iven u n d e r t h e genre'it nam,: A cov.atogo~on (II-~ S 17: !0) were r3y tt212:32el'~-qD.t l'e~,ieu'e)2 tlr_.des (h., l t ~ l l r l , : .~,",/~:.r)J, rnO:~..-tt~/.:l.=:,l ~'5:'l'Io'~CO'r (l"" ] "~) Wd.'~ rio ~., frr..m I-:izee/~,,~',',vakia as gi'r hcr:~, "~h<>t~h t h e p:.~rA, w~s rl,:svz'iL'~l b y a Cz~'chc.gl.-.,vsk a'C.zechosh)vak j:~m~ml, bm, f r u m Xb,:~m=~ia (.i.e. fe,.}m t.bo Cauee,~us). rk.-. cor~vct.+en o f gI 7u ...~,/,.,~/rxl:a~ (i.e. '%~ at,~Mr, lo.zka.~") '.'a ur,,.;ear (~. :'~?.5). Th~ l l { g 1~ ~rrx,,c,:,t~al SO:U~e~m"r,es o f PtatJdopJay~es anaa,,g ~ h o ~ o f .~.c
S. 1"~. I~n~o _sx7]c~ sz~d J . ~. I[oI,T W~ED ECOLOGY ([MPLIGATION/~

FO~

VE6$ETATION

_MANA(3EMENT)

A W i l e y - I a t e r s c t e n c e P u b l i c a t i o n , J u h n W i l e y & botts, ]::ew Y o r k , C h i c h e s t e r , B,.i~b~m( tSing~poro, I 8 B N 0.471-87674-7, USA, 1:}84. - - 265 pp. T h e ncionti_fic r,nd !.-r~c:ical v a l c e o f Vhi~ v o l u m ~ s m n , n ~ - i z i n g "-he w i d e field c f t h e e c o l o g y or" w~cds mad/or sog,~tal vegc~,gtieu hvos ~ f i been e x p r e s s e d b y :_ts mlt T h e b o o k is s u b d i v i d , d i n t o six c h a p t e r s represeat.ir .~g v a r i o u r a~uects o f we~d ecol. .i~, o.~ ~ r , l e , ~ g~'ne:al ~,.:ologh:.~l il:t.rotiu,:.l.jo}~, a t'~)m,rlent, axy o n :~he w e e ' t - c r o p sy~ comdde~:~tim~ a~d l ; r a e t l c M conclu.~ions in all six chat-/c.~r~. So:.ac - n t c m s t d a g favct,s e m e r g e f r o m t h e i n d i v i d u a l chapters. Nomc excel%ions ~o ~1 ~qtl.,:rns a r . l f, rin,dl?eS m:vi~we~:t in Gh~.,pt~r 'ikvc, o e a n r i~ t,he ~.,gvienlLiH'a] I)la~I~ ,:, T h e r e is, fez ox~rapJ.o, uoa'~ndo:_nne~ i u d i s t r i b u t i o n (crops a ~ pluaxged ttsut~lly in re" w m d ~ b e t w e e n tN~m 0e'e o f t e n r e m o v e d b y e u t t i w ~ i o n geolmi qor, s} o r non-~deccssionM r~ of w e e d species, which o eom~ thro~gh subtle eh,ar,~cs under euF:~vatic it. ~prnfln#.~,ion .qzad g,~rmiil~tLiaR ~rat~gi~'.~ n.r~ a].~- weed-Sl~cifie. A notab}e featuz is the_r ability to p~oduc~, s largo nmP.l:~r nf long-lived t~,d-~. ]['~ o~ur]y, rapid coio: d i s t E r b e d s i t e s b y w e e d s u m y be d,~e.. ~o t h e seed b ~ k m t h e ~oil. T h a t is t l ~ ross~ m i n i m u m r i l l a ~ s y s t e m s ,~f c r o p pr,)duet.i.n ma.y c,mse wex:d mtppr~.~mor, nn~[ r a d u e gL~zd r e s e r v e . t.'J.h~pl,,:r Fm~r de~tud!~s v~rienB t y r ~ a of/ntJ:rfo>x;n<:e. T h e ~lr~d t o ~ t u d y p o s i t i v e i~ t~ts r i g h t l y lx.-en e m p h a s i z e d axM t.reat~d aeeordhag to t h e o v o l u t l o n a r y eequ~.~eo aalism, prolocootnerM.ion a n d mutu~iVam. :In t~,rms o f ]mga~ivc interference,, t'~rtJct~?. h~s l~e~n p~i(l ~,,~et~tr~ ~iti,.m and e.~l~uiaJly t,}m~th.:Ms ~f ~Lud~ng it.."PFu: basic f~et~} in a stilly of competlt[o:~ are total pleat density-, pro co~.ion of species, and p!m~t ,_u-.

so~)x~r, v:r:us

223

u~ed :t~ si,~ldy eornt)~ti/,ive i n l , e . r ~ o v ~ s . Crl~,iet~l evahla.I;ion of t h e al|rflie.,~!i,-,ns ~ f silbstitnt{v~, addictive a n d s~t~tn~*,ic )r;:an,,~ espeoia//5, in to-; stud;or d~y agr'o:lltttra! a r e ~ . W h e n cen~pe/i~ior~ tbr ,a,ater occurs, t h ~ w a t e r *~su p;tgierx2 i b ~ z l v i o g :~els.tiveiy ix~or stt>utal.al ccitt-el, h i g h t~.usfA.,.'ation rat,;~, a~:d high. i.--a p ~ d u c t i v i t y is ~ d,:sb'abh~ a~rut~gy for couJFo$itiun. 'J'i~e h;g-t][y .~ulmt-i~:va b i l i t y ~,f ~ el:tie in tertccs off nnt:riente ul=,ta&e is augg,:st~d b y t h e fact t h a v i n e r c r - ~ d f e ~ i l J t 7 (lct~ n o t s I,I:ettr to be a subszii.u~.,: for wend dvraz.ty t-~duetion. F i n a l l y , it is n u ' e d tha~l c o m p a r a t i v e s t r o b e s o f eo:np,Ai~i~;n ]mt~ween weed a n d ,:_,,u~?si~ccivs, u t i l i z i n g either ec,~t~olled e n v h ' o l m a o n t s or fie]'2 ec,n d i t i o ~ a n d mat.lx~rnal,ical g~ow~h a n a l y s i s proo~dt~cs, ar~ w d u a b l e t o o l s N r devo!opJng weed m ~ , n a g e m e ~ t 6tratogie~. Ylm:c k e y f~etur~ o n g h t t(, be eonaidcr~d it,. nr~tar t6 p r a d i c t th~ c~rn[~ctitivo r e l s t i o n s h i r ~ in weed,;crop c o m m u n i ties, as sn~,,rst'_'d in gin; lao% c ~ p t ~ r . T h e s e faetc, m ~:~ s p a t i M tea:sing'eta.ant, t i m i n g o f g.~_"mination. as,<| : h e geowt,h ra~o nf' p l | m t m A'so +,he hyl*~'-heais o f a "twit, teal La~i<:d" a.r.+t r o f i*,5 metr m~:'.~m~nl ~)re d f ~ o n ~ o d in t?A+~aht~ptx:r. I t a.pFanrs t.l~t e. erit, ie:~l period o f t,imc <:xists for so~_~:e ero'?s .~*n-ing w h i c h .,ve~d c o n t r o l is nscescsaW to ax,~45 er~p !~a~,o~_. N o w a v ~ r , 'this :mrit:d ~hv:uld lm viewed as a s t a g ~ o f de-,~.lopment, o f *.h~ crc)p v-lat.ivc, to t h e -,vnol| rn.|.h~'~"tht~?~ m ~1 tk, finitn p~rind of t i m e . Ll.~,:ing r e g a r d t(, vhc s t r u c t u r e o f m d i v i r l u ~ l chap+acts, ghe l~x)k could be r e g a r d a d as 0. Lo.xtbo~'k on weed ecology. I t d o e s n o t r e q u i r e a n y deeper st=celtic k n o w l e d g e b e c a u s e it p r o c e e d s fcaau gcnt:ral eu:,/ogieal F ; n c i p ! e ~ a*a,l tl--e ro$ltlts o f weed a~.udies to n ~ w geDcwai:z:~txor.~ a~ t,he ]~,vel r t' t-}it, a t t i c tdt ar;~ I [:ts.~.. t,~,ml/allnity. }.'AVe:Y. ~( O'VA1"r

R,. q'. 37. VOWZ,r~N ~
EUOI. OGY

Jolm Wiley & S o ~ , N e w 7Verk, Chi~ho~ter, Brisbane, ~'orou1~, S~ll&'&po~'c,]O~b, 6]9 I~.~ I ~ i e e US dollars 38.95. [q~.v~wing " ' L a x t d s ~ I ~ Ectdog5 "~' by Z- IN~,vl:*i told A. S. L.'.h~'g'l'~fJ~- i= l~'(~Ji0oCle,obct,. ~Q1ytOt:L~. (Vol. 20, 1985, p. 324), E. BI~m~,c g a v e a bt~cf acc,z,l m t of t h e developing.at o f sole:it|tic HdzLking frotr, t h e age o f pc, lyhisttvrs ~, t h e "node,'n specialist a n d n.~w atteD3pts for t-:union i r .;nterdiseip]inurity. Vie pcint.ed out, tL.:d, it~t~t,*,~ i~31at!ou restfl~s ixl a n escteraC ala~fncets ~hi'_'h ia do+~:.='tent to art urv:lor~anding a m 0 u g bite i n d J v i d u M pro~agoni~t~. AnotLmr iml;ee~irum o f :)t.hcr, sb~,-Jaa.ly differcntir, t~d ~:3.tiaciplincs o f l a n d s c a p e ecoi,,gy, "~l~wr ~ o u l d F r o m 5hia atam:lpofnt, t h e b o o k " L z m d s e t q * E c o l o g y " b:r Fo~.raAN a n d Cl~)l~os could briefly bt~ ,"t-:a,_'~'._'r as a s u c c e m e u l c r o s s - s e e t h m t h r r m g h t h e gt~3wing :'ih'wly" of lar~dsca~do ecology. Thr ce~,.'.~,eo.cy o f t,h~ te:xff, h a s c v i d e n C y bem,n f~lrttmr~wl b y tLo foe* t l m t t h e b o o k w a s w m t t e n for s~udevts. I~. m a y be ~ g t t r d e d as a s~nlthesfs in w h i c h ecological ~ h i n k i n g d e v e l e I m 4 ou "Am _~rmricaJ5 C o n [ ; n c n t t~s.s be~n l i i ~ k ~ s u c c e s s f u l l y t.) eonep~s o f Enrope~.n g.:ography, b i o l o g y all,'l envir~)nment~l science. }2"6s a y s in t h e c h a p t e r l.,ands .~.~r~. a.t~d Iarinziplcs: "Fir,el,, .-- ~,~ r n u ~ ,-h~f~:rmino w h a t c. h i n d s c a p e :s c a d dMinear~ a rigorr,~m c o n c e p t t h a ~ it is scient.ifically ~tsable. Thia cor, cel',t will h e l p c.-~tvAyzo ~co[ogical th,:ory at. a lam~ea~x,~ level e f interest, a n d will Lead to ~hc a p p l i c a t i o n of s u c h t 'I~ory w i t h i n t~:vt:rM closely rek, te(l 8 | s t a r d i s e i p h m : s " . Thia is followed b y e a r l , u s e, mcoI~S of-Iv~' l a n d s c a p e deri,,ned t'rorr~ ",~esbluetie s t a u d p , j i n t s (Ve~'ceptiuu o f t h a I,a~clm:~Im ) ar|d froth s.~cial

224

FOLIA GEOI~OTAKICA I::T PHYTOTAXONOM:ICA 2ft. ]9gS

and n a t u r a l sciences including geography (this sm'vey would have d*~sarved a more det'dled t r e a t m e n t since Europe.an sociology and demography are inspiring). H a v i n g nbLaincd knowledge of " W h a t makes a landsea.pe", it is viewed by th(~ authors from an ecological perspective; t h e y red~,tine a landsrat~ as " a he.terogenous land ~rea composed of a cluster of interacting ecosystems t h a t is rcpea:ed in sirailar form ~hroughont". '[his is an i m p o r t a n t point from which to s t a r t rE) unr,~vel the mental .~tructuro of the book concentrating on the fundamental attrihut~;s of landseai~3 study, i.e., structm-e, dynamics (functioning and ehang,~) and, in the final issue, on heterogeneity and m a n a g e m e n t . The critical s u r v e y of usable concepts o f different disciplines is presented on a b o u t the, tii~t ~0 pages (geography-ecology and r o l a n d disciplines, l~mdscape elements, ecosystems, biotic diversity, energy fl~)w, ecological nieh<.,, suee~,ssion and comlmgition, popub~tion and c o m m u n i t y eeology etc.). Part I I .... Landscape SI,nlcture -- proceeds from a ehar~wterisation of patehes as nonlittear surface forms to corridors (linear formations) and their spatial and functional association w i t h the matrix and network, to an evaluation t~f configurations and patterns of landseat~ elements. Here, for the first tim,~, a new terminology is presented to the reader in its cornplexity (many terms are either anMogues or derived from other disciplines rt;gardless of the original rank in hierarchy -- t)*r example matrix, porosity, grain sizx: of a Iandscat~.~, etc.). 'l'h~ thetwetical core is island biogcography. P a r t I I I - Landscape l)ynmnh:s -- is tim m o s t comprehensive, the m o s t variegated and the most demanding p a r t of the book. ]~ s t a r t s w i t h natural processes including ttmse the effects of which are (~itAlcr long-term or ropoa~ed chrxmically: g(mmorphology, climate, csLablislmlent of plants and ~mimals, soil development and natural disturbance. The h u m a n role is charaet(;rized as a factor modifying the landscat• and is analyzcd in this sense. Flows of en~rgy and ruatorials between ~ t j a c e n t landscape elements as well as anima! and plant m o v e m e n t across a landscape have been joined in the mere "s.wnthetAe" chapters Landscape Functioning and Landscape (.',hang('. e~)ntaining qmmtitative evaluatiolm of connectivity, circuitry, complexity and various types o f s~ahility. ] ' a r t I V -- l-[eterogen~ity and Management -- illustrates a practical application e f stud!c~q ,m relationships between hetcrogeueity and the functioning o f the landseatm. Tim mechanisms eausing heterogeneity arc derived from the lawn of t h e r m o d y n a m i c s which link the different levels of integration and indicate a connection with changes in entropy. Landscape typoh*gy as a managerial tool m a y be c,Jnstructed b y means of variou,u methods whereby attention should h~ given to ttm hierarchy inherent to nature. The m a n a g e m e n t of the b~tsie tyt~;s of landscapes and the design of the models is outlined. The a u t h o r s ' effort to integrate the. more w o r t h y concepts and approaehe~ to landsc'ape +~cology iu w~riot~s parts of the world, not omitting the countries of eastern Em'ol~, is attractive. App~trently, the author~ (;ire mainly those colleagues from eastern F u r o p e a n countries whose acquaintance they have made ~t meetings of the International Association of Landseal~c Ecology. I t is to be hoped t h a t this a.~o~iation esr.~d)lished in 1982 will ix; the platform for scientists from all over the world engaged in landscape ecology. Several works of tim earlier E u r o l ~ a n literature may, perhaps, com,ribnto to the; terminology and to the unde~.~tauding of various items discussed in l)*~rts I I and I f I of the present volume, such as the dynamics of corridors (for example: frontal and radial -- Pe,ISZTi:l: 1960; vial, it and terroristic -- Do.~t~ 1931, 1947; tluminie -- ,IENIK et el. 1964; for line migration generally and flu' a lit(,rary survey see Kor].:c~'2 1971, Eo!ia Goober. Phytot~tx., 6, pp. 30.~ and 304). For determiners of dynamics t,f patches (areal ecosystems, e.g., mosaics of river iloodpl~inn) see ]~[~Jx~2 1960, G~oo'rzAxs 1980, ~)r of agroeeos~, t~;ms KItol'A~, t~IAJ)a0 et IffE~_~~ 197]; these and others are cited b y KuvhP, 1983, Foli~ Gc~A)ot. Phyt()tax., IS. pp. lgl and 182. h~ the first place, the book is a ~,~:xtbook and, in addition, a textbook e t a new design. I t ()fl~rs a "spatial language" for the analysis of a landscal~," m which disturbance whether caused by h u m a n s or induced by n:*turai forces, is a "n,.)rmal" condition. This tx~rst~ctivo differs from the ideological position ef much of the literature in ecology. Tim tc.
-

PA vzI_ K o v , ~