REVIEW S. OF

E.

OF

BOOK

BY

L.

KREIN,

"PHYSICOCHEMICAL

PETROLEUM

LUBRICATING

A.

N.

P.

KAZAKOVA

AND PRINCIPLES

OIL

MANUFACTURE"

Pereverzev

The monograph of L. P. Kazakova and S. E. Krein, "Physicochemical Principles of Petroleum Lubricating Oil Manufacture" (Khimiya, Moscow, 1978, 320 pp.), immediately after its appearance on bookstore counters found its appreciative readers among the workers in scientific-research institutes and petroleum refineries, as well as among teachers, graduate students, and students in the petroleum departments of institutions of higher education. The authors are well-known research workers in the field of lubricating oil and wax production; the book is written in good scientific-technical language, a large amount of experimental material is presented, and the composition is precisely planned. In the Introduction, the chemical composition of the oil fractions of petroleum are described in detail. In the first chapter, a penetrating analysis is made of the theoretical principles governing the solubility of oil components in various solvents, and of the nature and character of intermolecular interaction forces; also, data are presented on the influence of solvent type on the solubility of oil components with various structures. Considerable attention is given in this chapter to the influence of the basic technological factors on the efficiency of processes for deasphalting and treating lube oil stocks with selective solvents, and also to methods for accelerating these processes. The crystallization of solid hydrocarbons present in crude oil, dewaxing by crystallization, and deoiling of solid waxes are examine In the second chapter. The authors, on the basis of electron microscope studies, examine In detail the theoretical principles involved in the statics and kinetics of n-alkane crystallization and the influence of a number of factors (chemical composition of starting material, modifiers of crystal structure, etc.). A major feature of the book is the detailed exposition of the newest methods for improving dewaxing and deoiling processes: two stage and multistage processes; the use of ultrasound, inert gas, and wax crystal structure modifiers; and crystallization of the feedstock by mixing with a chilled solvent. The use of these methods can provide substantial increases in filtration rate, increase the yield of dewaxed oil, and lower the content of oil in the slack wax and petroleum. The generalization and correlation of material on urea dewaxing (third chapter) provides an understanding of the theoretical principles of this process at the present-day level in application to the manufacture of lubricating oils and waxes, and also makes it possible to evaluate the influence of the basic factors on the process results. This chapter gives a detailed description of the chemistry and mechanism of urea dewaxing processes, as well as the basic means for carrying out these processes. The fourth chapter of the book is devoted to the adsorptive treatment of lube oil cuts and the adsorptive discovery of paraffins with zeolites. A detailed review is given of the theoretical principles of adsorption of polar and nonpolar adsorbents, on the basic factors affecting this process, and means for accelerating the process. The fifth chapter (written by V. Z. Zlotnikov} deals with the chemical conversions of the components of petroleum feedstocks under the influence of hydrogen, catalysts, and heat; theoretical principles are set forth for the processes of hydrotreating, hydrogenation, hydroisomerization, and catalytic dewaxing. Along with all the valuable features of this book, the following shortcomings may be noted: The material on the solubility of oils and waxes in various solvents (pp. 139-146) should have been moved from the second chapter to the first, which is devoted to the solubility components. It would have been desirable to describe very briefly the process flow plans for deasphalting, solvent extraction, dewaxing, etc. Either the title of the fourth chapter should be changed to reflect the content more precisely, or the section of this chapter devoted to the recovery of paraffins with zeolites (unrelated to treating processes} should have been presented as a separate chapter. On the whole, the book is very much needed, and its publication is timely. The format of the book leaves a favorable impression. We wish to thank the authors and the publishing house "Khimiya" for making this excellent and useful book available.

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 9, pp. 62-63, September, 1979. 0009-3092/79/0910-0707507.50 9 1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation

707